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teleport/rfd/0008-application-access.md
Russell Jones 7f862b494f Update rfd/0008-application-access.md 
Co-authored-by: Roman Tkachenko <roman@gravitational.com>
2021-02-25 17:24:07 -08:00

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Russell Jones (rjones@goteleport.com) implemented

RFD 8 - Teleport Application Access

What

This document contains technical implementation details of Teleport Application Access.

Why

Use Cases

The initial implementation of Teleport Application Access is targeted at users that would like to expose internal applications and dashboards on the public internet.

Details

Identity Headers

As described in a previous section, Teleport uses TLS mutual authentication to pass identity information between internal components. However, identity information is passed to proxied applications in the form of a signed JWT in a request header named teleport-jwt-assertion.

This identity information can be used to show the identity of the user currently logged in, and also change the state of the internal application. For example, because Teleport roles are forwarded to proxied applications within the JWT header, an control panel application could show either a regular or admin view based on the Teleport identity of the user.

Issuance

All Teleport clusters have a User and Host CA used to issue user and host SSH and TLS certificates. Teleport Application Access introduces a JWT signer to each cluster to issue JWTs. The JWT signer uses 2048-bit RSA keys similar to the existing CAs.

Verification

An unauthenticated endpoint will be added at https://proxy.example.com:3080/.well-known/jwks.json which returns the public keys that can be used to verify the signed JWT. Multiple keys are supported because JWT signers can be rotated similar to CAs.

Many sources exist that explain the JWT signature scheme and how to verify a JWT. Introduction to JSON Web Tokens is a good starting point for general JWT information.

However, we strongly recommend you use a well written and supported library in the language of your choice to verify the JWT and you not try to write parsing and verification code yourself.

We've provided a small program available at examples/jwt/verify-jwt.go that can be used to verify a JWT. When you run it, you should see output like the following:

# Replace "..." with the JWT when running the program below.
#
# To validate claims, provide the expected claims of issuer (cluster name),
# subject (Teleport username), and audience (URI of internal application).

$ ./verify-jwt -jwt="..." -validate-claims=true -issuer=example.com -subject=jsmith -audience="http://127.0.0.1:8080"

Claims
-------
Username: jsmith.
Roles:    admin.
Issuer:   example.com.
Subject:  jsmith.
Audience: [http://127.0.0.1:8080].

Claims

The JWT embeds claims within it about the identity of the subject and issuer of the token.

The following public claims are included:

  • aud: Audience of JWT. This is the URI of the proxied application to which the request is being forwarded.
  • exp: Expiration time of the JWT. This value is always in sync with the expiration of the TLS certificate.
  • iss: Issuer of the JWT. This value is the name of the Teleport cluster issuing the token.
  • nbf: "Not before" time of the JWT. This is the time at which the JWT becomes valid.
  • sub: Subject of the JWT. This is the Teleport identity of the user to whom the JWT was issued.

The following private claims are included.

  • username: Similar to sub. This is the Teleport identity of the user to whom the JWT was issued.
  • roles: List of Teleport roles assigned to the user.

Rotation

The JWT signing keys are rotated along with User and Host CAs when using the tctl auth rotate [...] command. If you specifically only want to rotate your JWT signer, use the --type=jwt flag.

Example

The following header will be sent to an internal application:

teleport-jwt-assertion: eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJhdWQiOlsiaHR0cDovL2xvY2FsaG9zdDo4MDgwL2FwcCJdLCJleHAiOjE2MDM1Mjk5NzEsImlzcyI6ImV4YW1wbGUuY29tIiwibmJmIjoxNjAzNDg2Nzg2LCJyb2xlcyI6WyJhZG1pbiJdLCJzdWIiOiJyam9uZXMiLCJ1c2VybmFtZSI6InJqb25lcyJ9.SnyYMyjjcxEUsPnf-WxWy33yVWsHR3hQPCml-fizX1HJY7jojkKroPbrXBCO-WEJ8RqCzv0j6u1pz_PllNPhhPrCE8Q32WAB2OaazVM2FHxsiEVyMInCUVEAsrieYo0BQidXTj85yGgEPV45VdbnqWdJSzVr1UmUF6kDdMwhS3Zyr-SRAZw9ix_jBK6nxDmlD0TgJh9eAvRhbjvxU12I6A4VqZVPTrefoWsdZTHrYvg2oqztHtNSycqsbqfIBnNmg__opWKgouW_t-Xv58aA8scW_5DavVitPhQBbsPH0QRKfu-xMNDtmfa6eBAKe7E9uO2uDcmDA26dHKIA2n90Gw

Decoding to the below JSON.

{
  "aud": [
    "http://localhost:8080/app"
  ],
  "exp": 1603530049,
  "iss": "example.com",
  "nbf": 1603486842,
  "roles": [
    "admin"
  ],
  "sub": "foo",
  "username": "foo"
}

Logout

Each application the user launches maintains its own session. Sessions automatically expire after the TTL specified on the role and certificate.

To explicitly log a session out, an authenticated session can issue a GET /teleport-logout or a DELETE /teleport-logout request.

Internal applications and implementers are encouraged to support DELETE /teleport-logout in the form of a logout button within the internal application.

The GET /teleport-logout endpoint is for internal applications that can not be modified. For example, you may go to https://grafana.proxy.example.com/teleport-logout to log out of the ACME application.

Audit Events

Application Access generates three distinct events.

  • app.session.start: Issued when the certificate is issued.
  • app.session.chunk: Points to a 5 minute chunk archive of app.session.request events.
  • app.session.request: Contains the request and response pair.

This means fetching all events for a particular certificate first require that the user finds the initial app.session.start event then find all app.session.chunk events with a matching sid field. Those app.session.chunk events can then be used to fetch all the request and response pairs. This allows proxies and application service nodes to continue to be stateless: they all simply emit events that they see, and the auth server can aggregate and return them when the user uses tsh play.

Examples

Below are examples of the three events.

{
  "ei": 0,
  "event": "app.session.start",
  "uid": "a0065d17-d820-431d-9cc6-1933ab5abe39",
  "code": "T2007I",
  "time": "2020-11-19T22:20:46.257Z",
  "user": "rjones",
  "sid": "804defb1-e2fa-4daa-9ba1-b73490888c78",
  "namespace": "default",
  "server_id": "15a54155-aae2-410e-825f-6d0588fb0771",
  "addr.remote": "127.0.0.1:37380",
  "public_addr": "cli-app.proxy.example.com"
}

{
  "ei": 0,
  "event": "app.session.chunk",
  "uid": "45fcbe2b-4b55-4423-b64e-91eb35804a24",
  "code": "T2008I",
  "time": "2020-11-19T22:20:46.467Z",
  "user": "rjones",
  "sid": "804defb1-e2fa-4daa-9ba1-b73490888c78",
  "namespace": "default",
  "server_id": "15a54155-aae2-410e-825f-6d0588fb0771",
  "session_chunk_id": "46957727-4170-42f8-80f1-a89c8b42a93e"
}

{
  "ei": 0,
  "event": "app.session.request",
  "uid": "46957727-4170-42f8-80f1-a89c8b42a93e",
  "code": "T2009I",
  "time": "2020-11-19T22:20:54.939Z",
  "status_code": 200,
  "method": "GET",
  "path": "/",
  "raw_query": ""
}

FQDN

By default applications are available at appName.localProxyAddress. This is the address most users will access an application at. An example would be grafana.proxy.example.com.

Here localProxyAddress is the public_addr field under proxy_service in file configuration or the name of the cluster if that field is not set.

If the application should be available at a different address, administrators can use the public_addr field under app_service to override this address to a FQDN of their choosing.

When accessing an application through Trusted Clusters, applications are only available at appName.localProxyAddress.

In summary, if an application within the root cluster is being accessed.

  1. appPublicAddr
  2. appName.rootProxyPublicAddr
  3. appName.rootClusterName

If an application is being accessed in a leaf cluster.

  1. appName.rootProxyPublicAddr
  2. appName.rootClusterName

Configuration

Server

Teleport server configuration has been updated to add file, process, and role configuration.

File Configuration

The auth_service section has been updated to support static tokens of type app.

auth_service:
  enabled: yes

  tokens:
    # Defines a static token that can be used for application services
    # joining a cluster.
    - app:F6CA0D839B9B691FF62FDC31FAF5F7E5

    # Defines a static token that can be used for application and SSH
    # services joining a cluster.
    - node,app:4FF2791E11C596BF33A73A8A5BD50415

The proxy_service section has been updated to support loading multiple certificate and key pairs. This allows loading per-application TLS certificates as well as loading of wildcard TLS certificates. Also note that because the application service uses reverse tunnels, having a valid tunnel_public_addr is required.

proxy_service:
  # Tunnel public address defines the address the application service will
  # attempt to connect to to establish the reverse tunnel.
  tunnel_public_addr: "proxy.example.com:3024"

  # List of certificates for the proxy to load.
  https_keypairs:
    - key_file: /var/lib/teleport/certs/proxy.example.com+3-key.pem
      cert_file: /var/lib/teleport/certs/proxy.example.com+3.pem
    - key_file: /var/lib/teleport/certs/app.example.com+3-key.pem
      cert_file: /var/lib/teleport/certs/app.example.com+3.pem

An app_service section has been added to configure the application proxy service.

# An application service establishes a reverse tunnel to the proxy which
# is used both to heartbeat the presence of the application and to
# establish connections to it.
app_service:
   # Enabled controls if the application service is enabled.
   enabled: true

   # A list of applications that will be proxied.
   apps:
     # Name of the application.
   - name: jenkins
     # URI is the address that the application being proxied can be reached at
     # from the server running the app_service.
     uri: http://localhost:8080
     # Public address is used to override the default address the application
     # is avaiable at.
     public_addr: jenkins.acme.teleport.dev
     # Insecure skip verify is used to disable server TLS certificate
     # verification. Useful for internal applications using a self signed
     # certificate.
     insecure_skip_verify: true
     # Rewriting rules that get applied to every request.
     rewrite:
        # List of hostnames which should cause the "Location" header
        # sent on HTTP 30{1-8} responses to be rewritten with the public
        # address of this application. Useful for some applications which
        # redirect clients to their configured internal URL.
        redirect:
           - "localhost"
           - "jenkins.internal.dev"
     # Static labels to assign to this application.
     labels:
        key: value
     # Dynamic labels to assign to this application.
     commands:
     - name: "arch"
       command: ["/bin/uname", "-p"]
       period: "1h0m0s"

Command Line Flags

The teleport process has been updated to support three additional flags that can be used to configure an application service in addition to the existing --roles and --labels flag (which now apply to the application, not the service).

$ teleport start \
   # Define the role of service, in this case "app_service".
   --roles="app" \
   # Define the token the service will use to join the cluster.
   --token=D83721493A6BE34862FAD8C9FFBDADA7 \
   # Define any static or dynamic labels to apply to the application.
   --labels="foo=bar,baz=qux" \
   # Define the name of the application.
   --app-name="jenkins" \
   # Define the URI that the application is running at.
   --app-uri="http://localhost:8080" \
   # Define the public address, used to overide the automatically generated
   # address of appName.proxyPublicAddr.
   --app-public-addr="jenkins.acme.teleport.dev"

Roles

An additional field app_labels has been added to both the allow and deny section of a role. app_labels behaves similarly to node_labels.

kind: role
version: v3
spec:
  options:
    forward_agent: true
    port_forwarding: false
  allow:
    logins: ["rjones"]
    # Application labels define labels that an application must match for this
    # role to be allowed access to it.
    app_labels:
      "*": "staging"

Clients

Teleport client configuration has been updated to add subcommands to both tctl and tsh.

tctl

tctl has been updated to support creating ephemeral application join tokens. Specifying the --type=app flag will create a ephemeral join token and fill out the name and address of the application with dummy values. If you specify the --app-name and --app-uri these fields will be filled out with the passed in values.

$ ./tctl.sh tokens add --type=app
The invite token: 98071b6d461cfa59a410e58c2ae68ea6
This token will expire in 60 minutes

Fill out and run this command on a node to make the application available:

> teleport start \
   --roles=app \
   --token=98071b6d461cfa59a410e58c2ae68ea6 \
   --ca-pin=sha256:14b84254ac3a30cf31906326e0f7800d7fe54b4e23cef8e84d04af0bb3d71962 \
   --auth-server=proxy.example.com:3080 \
   --app-name=example-app                    \ # Change "example-app" to the name of your application.
   --app-uri=http://localhost:8080             # Change "http://localhost:8080" to the address of your application.

Your application will be available at example-app.proxy.example.com:3080.

Please note:

  - This invitation token will expire in 60 minutes.
  - proxy.example.com:3080 must be reachable from the new application service.
  - Update DNS to point example-app.proxy.example.com:3080 to the Teleport proxy.
  - Add a TLS certificate for example-app.proxy.example.com:3080 to the Teleport proxy under "https_keypairs".

tctl has also been updated to add the apps subcommand which can be used to show a list of all applications registered with the cluster.

$ tctl apps ls
Application Host                                 Public Address           URI                    Labels
----------- ------------------------------------ ------------------------ ---------------------- ------
dumper      1f54c61d-0edb-4dd7-89a3-e291a031d903 dumper.proxy.example.com http://127.0.0.1:8080
jenkins     a52723a4-e852-4467-b756-18c2978367b3 jenkins.proxy.example.com http://127.0.0.1:8081

tsh

tsh has been updated to add the apps subcommand which is used to display a list of all running applications. Only applications the user has access to are shown.

$ tsh apps ls
Application Public Address           Labels
----------- ------------------------ ------
dumper      dumper.proxy.example.com

The -v flag has also been added to show the list of applications in long form.

$ tsh apps ls -v
Application Host                                 Public Address           URI                    Labels
----------- ------------------------------------ ------------------------ ---------------------- ------
dumper      1f54c61d-0edb-4dd7-89a3-e291a031d903 dumper.proxy.example.com http://127.0.0.1:8080