Over HTTP, NTLM and Kerberos require two rounds of authentication on the
client side. It's possible that there are custom authentication schemes
that also implement this same approach. Since these are tricky schemes
to implement and the HTTP library in use may not always handle them
gracefully on all systems, it would be helpful to allow the credential
helper to implement them instead for increased portability and
robustness.
To allow this to happen, add a boolean flag, continue, that indicates
that instead of failing when we get a 401, we should retry another round
of authentication. However, this necessitates some changes in our
current credential code so that we can make this work.
Keep the state[] headers between iterations, but only use them to send
to the helper and only consider the new ones we read from the credential
helper to be valid on subsequent iterations. That avoids us passing
stale data when we finally approve or reject the credential. Similarly,
clear the multistage and wwwauth[] values appropriately so that we
don't pass stale data or think we're trying a multiround response when
we're not. Remove the credential values so that we can actually fill a
second time with new responses.
Limit the number of iterations of reauthentication we do to 3. This
means that if there's a problem, we'll terminate with an error message
instead of retrying indefinitely and not informing the user (and
possibly conducting a DoS on the server).
In our tests, handle creating multiple response output files from our
helper so we can verify that each of the messages sent is correct.
Signed-off-by: brian m. carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.net>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Some HTTP authentication schemes, such as NTLM- and Kerberos-based
options, require more than one round trip to authenticate. Currently,
these can only be supported in libcurl, since Git does not have support
for this in the credential helper protocol.
However, in a future commit, we'll add support for this functionality
into the credential helper protocol and Git itself. Because we don't
really want to implement either NTLM or Kerberos, both of which are
complex protocols, we'll want to test this using a fake credential
authentication scheme. In order to do so, update t5563 and its backend
to allow us to accept multiple sets of credentials and respond with
different behavior in each case.
Since we can now provide any number of possible status codes, provide a
non-specific reason phrase so we don't have to generate a more specific
one based on the response. The reason phrase is mandatory according to
the status-line production in RFC 7230, but clients SHOULD ignore it,
and curl does (except to print it).
Each entry in the authorization and challenge fields contains an ID,
which indicates a corresponding credential and response. If the
response is a 200 status, then we continue to execute git-http-backend.
Otherwise, we print the corresponding status and response. If no ID is
matched, we use the default response with a status of 401.
Note that there is an implicit order to the parameters. The ID is
always first and the creds or response value is always last, and
therefore may contain spaces, equals signs, or other arbitrary data.
Signed-off-by: brian m. carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.net>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
We recently introduced a way for credential helpers to add arbitrary
state as part of the protocol. Set some limits on line length to avoid
helpers passing extremely large amounts of data. While Git doesn't have
a fixed parsing length, there are other tools which support this
protocol and it's kind to allow them to use a reasonable fixed-size
buffer for parsing. In addition, we would like to be moderate in our
memory usage and imposing reasonable limits is helpful for that purpose.
In the event a credential helper is incapable of storing its serialized
state in 64 KiB, it can feel free to serialize it on disk and store a
reference instead.
Signed-off-by: brian m. carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.net>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Now that we've implemented the state capability, let's send it along by
default when filling credentials so we can make use of it.
Signed-off-by: brian m. carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.net>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Until now, our credential code has mostly deal with usernames and
passwords and we've let libcurl deal with the variant of authentication
to be used. However, now that we have the credential value, the
credential helper can take control of the authentication, so the value
provided might be something that's generated, such as a Digest hash
value.
In such a case, it would be helpful for a credential helper that gets an
erase or store command to be able to keep track of an identifier for the
original secret that went into the computation. Furthermore, some types
of authentication, such as NTLM and Kerberos, actually need two round
trips to authenticate, which will require that the credential helper
keep some state.
In order to allow for these use cases and others, allow storing state in
a field called "state[]". This value is passed back to the credential
helper that created it, which avoids confusion caused by parsing values
from different helpers.
Signed-off-by: brian m. carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.net>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Now that we have the credential helper code set up to handle arbitrary
authentications schemes, let's add support for this in the HTTP code,
where we really want to use it. If we're using this new functionality,
don't set a username and password, and instead set a header wherever
we'd normally do so, including for proxy authentication.
Since we can now handle this case, ask the credential helper to enable
the appropriate capabilities.
Finally, if we're using the authtype value, set "Expect: 100-continue".
Any type of authentication that requires multiple rounds (such as NTLM
or Kerberos) requires a 100 Continue (if we're larger than
http.postBuffer) because otherwise we send the pack data before we're
authenticated, the push gets a 401 response, and we can't rewind the
stream. We don't know for certain what other custom schemes might
require this, the HTTP/1.1 standard has required handling this since
1999, the broken HTTP server for which we disabled this (Google's) is
now fixed and has been for some time, and libcurl has a 1-second
fallback in case the HTTP server is still broken. In addition, it is
not unreasonable to require compliance with a 25-year old standard to
use new Git features. For all of these reasons, do so here.
Signed-off-by: brian m. carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.net>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Now that we have new fields (authtype and credential), let's document
them for users and credential helper implementers.
Indicate specifically what common values of authtype are and what values
are allowed. Note that, while common, digest and NTLM authentication
are insecure because they require unsalted, uniterated password hashes
to be stored.
Tell users that they can continue to use a username and password even if
the new capability is supported.
Signed-off-by: brian m. carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.net>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Now that we have support for a wide variety of types of authentication,
it's important to indicate to other credential helpers whether they
should store credentials, since not every credential helper may
intuitively understand all possible values of the authtype field. Do so
with a boolean field called "ephemeral", to indicate whether the
credential is expected to be temporary.
For example, in HTTP Digest authentication, the Authorization header
value is based off a nonce. It isn't useful to store this value
for later use because reusing the credential long term will not result
in successful authentication due to the nonce necessarily differing.
An additional case is potentially short-lived credentials, which may
last only a few hours. It similarly wouldn't be helper for other
credential helpers to attempt to provide these much later.
We do still pass the value to "git credential store" or "git credential
erase", since it may be helpful to the original helper to know whether
the operation was successful.
Signed-off-by: brian m. carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.net>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
We support the new credential and authtype fields, but we lack a way to
indicate to a credential helper that we'd like them to be used. Without
some sort of indication, the credential helper doesn't know if it should
try to provide us a username and password, or a pre-encoded credential.
For example, the helper might prefer a more restricted Bearer token if
pre-encoded credentials are possible, but might have to fall back to
more general username and password if not.
Let's provide a simple way to indicate whether Git (or, for that matter,
the helper) is capable of understanding the authtype and credential
fields. We send this capability when we generate a request, and the
other side may reply to indicate to us that it does, too.
For now, don't enable sending capabilities for the HTTP code. In a
future commit, we'll introduce appropriate handling for that code,
which requires more in-depth work.
The logic for determining whether a capability is supported may seem
complex, but it is not. At each stage, we emit the capability to the
following stage if all preceding stages have declared it. Thus, if the
caller to git credential fill didn't declare it, then we won't send it
to the helper, and if fill's caller did send but the helper doesn't
understand it, then we won't send it on in the response. If we're an
internal user, then we know about all capabilities and will request
them.
For "git credential approve" and "git credential reject", we set the
helper capability before calling the helper, since we assume that the
input we're getting from the external program comes from a previous call
to "git credential fill", and thus we'll invoke send a capability to the
helper if and only if we got one from the standard input, which is the
correct behavior.
Signed-off-by: brian m. carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.net>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
At the moment, our credential code wants to find a username and password
for access, which, for HTTP, it will pass to libcurl to encode and
process. However, many users want to use authentication schemes that
libcurl doesn't support, such as Bearer authentication. In these
schemes, the secret is not a username and password pair, but some sort
of token that meets the production for authentication data in the RFC.
In fact, in general, it's useful to allow our credential helper to have
knowledge about what specifically to put in the protocol header. Thus,
add a field, credential, which contains data that's preencoded to be
suitable for the protocol in question. If we have such data, we need
neither a username nor a password, so make that adjustment as well.
It is in theory possible to reuse the password field for this. However,
if we do so, we must know whether the credential helper supports our new
scheme before sending it data, which necessitates some sort of
capability inquiry, because otherwise an uninformed credential helper
would store our preencoded data as a password, which would fail the next
time we attempted to connect to the remote server. This design is
substantially simpler, and we can hint to the credential helper that we
support this approach with a simple new field instead of needing to
query it first.
Signed-off-by: brian m. carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.net>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Currently we create one set of headers for all object requests and reuse
it. However, we'll need to adjust the headers for authentication
purposes in the future, so let's create a new set for each request so
that we can adjust them if the authentication changes.
Note that the cost of allocation here is tiny compared to the fact that
we're making a network call, not to mention probably a full TLS
connection, so this shouldn't have a significant impact on performance.
Moreover, nobody who cares about performance is using the dumb HTTP
protocol anyway, since it often makes huge numbers of requests compared
to the smart protocol.
Signed-off-by: brian m. carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.net>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
When we retry a post_rpc request, we currently reuse the same headers as
before. In the future, we'd like to be able to modify them based on the
result we get back, so let's reset them on each retry so we can avoid
sending potentially duplicate headers if the values change.
Signed-off-by: brian m. carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.net>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
When Git makes an HTTP request, it can negotiate the type of
authentication to use with the server provided the authentication scheme
is one of a few well-known types (Basic, Digest, NTLM, or Negotiate).
However, some servers wish to use other types of authentication, such as
the Bearer type from OAuth2. Since libcurl doesn't natively support
this type, it isn't possible to use it, and the user is forced to
specify the Authorization header using the http.extraheader setting.
However, storing a plaintext token in the repository configuration is
not very secure, especially if a repository can be shared by multiple
parties. We already have support for many types of secure credential
storage by using credential helpers, so let's teach credential helpers
how to produce credentials for an arbitrary scheme.
If the credential helper specifies an authtype field, then it specifies
an authentication scheme (e.g., Bearer) and the password field specifies
the raw authentication token, with any encoding already specified. We
reuse the password field for this because some credential helpers store
the metadata without encryption even though the password is encrypted,
and we'd like to avoid insecure storage if an older version of the
credential helper gets ahold of the data.
The username is not used in this case, but it is still preserved for the
purpose of finding the right credential if the user has multiple
accounts.
If the authtype field is not specified, then the password behaves as
normal and it is passed along with the username to libcurl.
Signed-off-by: brian m. carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.net>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
The output format for dates "iso-strict" has been tweaked to show
a time in the Zulu timezone with "Z" suffix, instead of "+00:00".
* bb/iso-strict-utc:
date: make "iso-strict" conforming for the UTC timezone
The status.showUntrackedFiles configuration variable was
incorrectly documented to accept "false", which has been corrected.
* jw/doc-show-untracked-files-fix:
doc: status.showUntrackedFiles does not take "false"
Mark-ups used in the documentation has been improved for
consistency.
* ja/doc-markup-fixes:
doc: git-clone: format placeholders
doc: git-clone: format verbatim words
doc: git-init: rework config item init.templateDir
doc: git-init: rework definition lists
doc: git-init: format placeholders
doc: git-init: format verbatim parts
The code to iterate over reflogs in the reftable has been optimized
to reduce memory allocation and deallocation.
Reviewed-by: Josh Steadmon <steadmon@google.com>
cf. <Ze9eX-aaWoVaqsPP@google.com>
* ps/reftable-reflog-iteration-perf:
refs/reftable: track last log record name via strbuf
reftable/record: use scratch buffer when decoding records
reftable/record: reuse message when decoding log records
reftable/record: reuse refnames when decoding log records
reftable/record: avoid copying author info
reftable/record: convert old and new object IDs to arrays
refs/reftable: reload correct stack when creating reflog iter
Users with safe.bareRepository=explicit can still work from within
$GIT_DIR of a seconary worktree (which resides at .git/worktrees/$name/)
of the primary worktree without explicitly specifying the $GIT_DIR
environment variable or the --git-dir=<path> option.
* jc/safe-implicit-bare:
setup: notice more types of implicit bare repositories
The code to find the effective end of log message can fall into an
endless loop, which has been corrected.
* fs/find-end-of-log-message-fix:
wt-status: don't find scissors line beyond buf len
The reftable code has its own custom binary search function whose
comparison callback has an unusual interface, which caused the
binary search to degenerate into a linear search, which has been
corrected.
* ps/reftable-block-search-fix:
reftable/block: fix binary search over restart counter
reftable/record: fix memory leak when decoding object records
The code in reftable backend that creates new table files works
better with the tempfile framework to avoid leaving cruft after a
failure.
* ps/reftable-stack-tempfile:
reftable/stack: register compacted tables as tempfiles
reftable/stack: register lockfiles during compaction
reftable/stack: register new tables as tempfiles
lockfile: report when rollback fails
The parse-options code that deals with abbreviated long option
names have been cleaned up.
Reviewed-by: Josh Steadmon <steadmon@google.com>
cf. <ZfDM5Or3EKw7Q9SA@google.com>
* rs/opt-parse-long-fixups:
parse-options: rearrange long_name matching code
parse-options: normalize arg and long_name before comparison
parse-options: detect ambiguous self-negation
parse-options: factor out register_abbrev() and struct parsed_option
parse-options: set arg of abbreviated option lazily
parse-options: recognize abbreviated negated option with arg
Some trace2 events that lacked def_param have learned to show it,
enriching the output.
Reviewed-by: Josh Steadmon <steadmon@google.com>
cf. <ZejkVOVQBZhLVfHW@google.com>
* jh/trace2-missing-def-param-fix:
trace2: emit 'def_param' set with 'cmd_name' event
trace2: avoid emitting 'def_param' set more than once
t0211: demonstrate missing 'def_param' events for certain commands
Code simplification by getting rid of code that sets an environment
variable that is no longer used.
* pw/rebase-i-ignore-cherry-pick-help-environment:
rebase -i: stop setting GIT_CHERRY_PICK_HELP
Uses of xwrite() helper have been audited and updated for better
error checking and simpler code.
* jc/xwrite-cleanup:
repack: check error writing to pack-objects subprocess
sideband: avoid short write(2)
unpack: replace xwrite() loop with write_in_full()
When git refuses to create a branch because the proposed branch
name is not a valid refname, an advice message is given to refer
the user to exact naming rules.
* kh/branch-ref-syntax-advice:
branch: advise about ref syntax rules
advice: use double quotes for regular quoting
advice: use backticks for verbatim
advice: make all entries stylistically consistent
t3200: improve test style
The logic to complete the command line arguments to "git worktree"
subcommand (in contrib/) has been updated to correctly honor things
like "git -C dir" etc.
* rj/complete-worktree-paths-fix:
completion: fix __git_complete_worktree_paths
The command line completion script (in contrib/) learned to
complete "git reflog" better.
* rj/complete-reflog:
completion: reflog subcommands and options
completion: factor out __git_resolve_builtins
completion: introduce __git_find_subcommand
completion: reflog show <log-options>
completion: reflog with implicit "show"
With release 2.44 we got rid of all uses of test_i18ngrep and there
is no in-flight topic that adds a new use of it. Make a call to
test_i18ngrep a hard failure, so that we can remove it at the end
of this release cycle.
* jc/test-i18ngrep:
test_i18ngrep: hard deprecate and forbid its use
Trailer API updates.
Acked-by: Christian Couder <christian.couder@gmail.com>
cf. <CAP8UFD1Zd+9q0z1JmfOf60S2vn5-sD3SafDvAJUzRFwHJKcb8A@mail.gmail.com>
* la/trailer-api:
format_trailers_from_commit(): indirectly call trailer_info_get()
format_trailer_info(): move "fast path" to caller
format_trailers(): use strbuf instead of FILE
trailer_info_get(): reorder parameters
trailer: move interpret_trailers() to interpret-trailers.c
trailer: reorder format_trailers_from_commit() parameters
trailer: rename functions to use 'trailer'
shortlog: add test for de-duplicating folded trailers
trailer: free trailer_info _after_ all related usage
The "core.commentChar" configuration variable only allows an ASCII
character, which was not clearly documented, which has been
corrected.
* kh/doc-commentchar-is-a-byte:
config: document `core.commentChar` as ASCII-only
FSMonitor client code was confused when FSEvents were given in a
different case on a case-insensitive filesystem, which has been
corrected.
Acked-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im>
cf. <ZehofMaSZyUq8S1N@tanuki>
* jh/fsmonitor-icase-corner-case-fix:
fsmonitor: support case-insensitive events
fsmonitor: refactor bit invalidation in refresh callback
fsmonitor: trace the new invalidated cache-entry count
fsmonitor: return invalidated cache-entry count on non-directory event
fsmonitor: remove custom loop from non-directory path handler
fsmonitor: return invalidated cache-entry count on directory event
fsmonitor: move untracked-cache invalidation into helper functions
fsmonitor: refactor untracked-cache invalidation
dir: create untracked_cache_invalidate_trimmed_path()
fsmonitor: refactor refresh callback for non-directory events
fsmonitor: clarify handling of directory events in callback helper
fsmonitor: refactor refresh callback on directory events
t7527: add case-insensitve test for FSMonitor
name-hash: add index_dir_find()
The code to iterate over refs with the reftable backend has seen
some optimization.
* ps/reftable-iteration-perf-part2:
refs/reftable: precompute prefix length
reftable: allow inlining of a few functions
reftable/record: decode keys in place
reftable/record: reuse refname when copying
reftable/record: reuse refname when decoding
reftable/merged: avoid duplicate pqueue emptiness check
reftable/merged: circumvent pqueue with single subiter
reftable/merged: handle subiter cleanup on close only
reftable/merged: remove unnecessary null check for subiters
reftable/merged: make subiters own their records
reftable/merged: advance subiter on subsequent iteration
reftable/merged: make `merged_iter` structure private
reftable/pq: use `size_t` to track iterator index
The implementation in "git clean" that makes "-n" and "-i" ignore
clean.requireForce has been simplified, together with the
documentation.
* so/clean-dry-run-without-force:
clean: further clean-up of implementation around "--force"
clean: improve -n and -f implementation and documentation
This test doesn't systematically check a negative timezone offset. Add a
test for each format that outputs the offset to improve our test
coverage.
Signed-off-by: Beat Bolli <dev+git@drbeat.li>
ISO 8601-1:2020-12 specifies that a zero timezone offset must be denoted
with a "Z" suffix instead of the numeric "+00:00". Add the correponding
special case to show_date() and a new test.
Changing an established output format which might be depended on by
scripts is always problematic, but here we choose to adhere more closely
to the published standard.
Reported-by: Michael Osipov <michael.osipov@innomotics.com>
Signed-off-by: Beat Bolli <dev+git@drbeat.li>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
The `status.showUntrackedFiles` config option only accepts the
values "no", "normal" or "all", but not as this part of the man page
suggested "false". While we are at it, camel-case the name of the
variable.
Signed-off-by: Jonas Wunderlich <git@03j.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
