git/Documentation/githooks.txt

761 lines
29 KiB
Text
Raw Normal View History

githooks(5)
===========
NAME
----
githooks - Hooks used by Git
SYNOPSIS
--------
$GIT_DIR/hooks/* (or \`git config core.hooksPath`/*)
DESCRIPTION
-----------
Hooks are programs you can place in a hooks directory to trigger
actions at certain points in git's execution. Hooks that don't have
the executable bit set are ignored.
By default the hooks directory is `$GIT_DIR/hooks`, but that can be
changed via the `core.hooksPath` configuration variable (see
linkgit:git-config[1]).
Before Git invokes a hook, it changes its working directory to either
$GIT_DIR in a bare repository or the root of the working tree in a non-bare
repository. An exception are hooks triggered during a push ('pre-receive',
'update', 'post-receive', 'post-update', 'push-to-checkout') which are always
executed in $GIT_DIR.
githooks: discuss Git operations in foreign repositories Hook authors are periodically caught off-guard by difficult-to-diagnose errors when their hook invokes Git commands in a repository other than the local one. In particular, Git environment variables, such as GIT_DIR and GIT_WORK_TREE, which reference the local repository cause the Git commands to operate on the local repository rather than on the repository which the author intended. This is true whether the environment variables have been set manually by the user or automatically by Git itself. The same problem crops up when a hook invokes Git commands in a different worktree of the same repository, as well. Recommended best-practice[1,2,3,4,5,6] for avoiding this problem is for the hook to ensure that Git variables are unset before invoking Git commands in foreign repositories or other worktrees: unset $(git rev-parse --local-env-vars) However, this advice is not documented anywhere. Rectify this shortcoming by mentioning it in githooks.txt documentation. [1]: https://lore.kernel.org/git/YFuHd1MMlJAvtdzb@coredump.intra.peff.net/ [2]: https://lore.kernel.org/git/20200228190218.GC1408759@coredump.intra.peff.net/ [3]: https://lore.kernel.org/git/20190516221702.GA11784@sigill.intra.peff.net/ [4]: https://lore.kernel.org/git/20190422162127.GC9680@sigill.intra.peff.net/ [5]: https://lore.kernel.org/git/20180716183942.GB22298@sigill.intra.peff.net/ [6]: https://lore.kernel.org/git/20150203163235.GA9325@peff.net/ Signed-off-by: Eric Sunshine <sunshine@sunshineco.com> Acked-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2023-01-09 19:45:08 +00:00
Environment variables, such as `GIT_DIR`, `GIT_WORK_TREE`, etc., are exported
so that Git commands run by the hook can correctly locate the repository. If
your hook needs to invoke Git commands in a foreign repository or in a
different working tree of the same repository, then it should clear these
environment variables so they do not interfere with Git operations at the
foreign location. For example:
------------
local_desc=$(git describe)
foreign_desc=$(unset $(git rev-parse --local-env-vars); git -C ../foreign-repo describe)
------------
Hooks can get their arguments via the environment, command-line
arguments, and stdin. See the documentation for each hook below for
details.
`git init` may copy hooks to the new repository, depending on its
configuration. See the "TEMPLATE DIRECTORY" section in
linkgit:git-init[1] for details. When the rest of this document refers
to "default hooks" it's talking about the default template shipped
with Git.
The currently supported hooks are described below.
HOOKS
-----
applypatch-msg
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
This hook is invoked by linkgit:git-am[1]. It takes a single
parameter, the name of the file that holds the proposed commit
log message. Exiting with a non-zero status causes `git am` to abort
before applying the patch.
The hook is allowed to edit the message file in place, and can
be used to normalize the message into some project standard
format. It can also be used to refuse the commit after inspecting
the message file.
The default 'applypatch-msg' hook, when enabled, runs the
'commit-msg' hook, if the latter is enabled.
pre-applypatch
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
This hook is invoked by linkgit:git-am[1]. It takes no parameter, and is
invoked after the patch is applied, but before a commit is made.
If it exits with non-zero status, then the working tree will not be
committed after applying the patch.
It can be used to inspect the current working tree and refuse to
make a commit if it does not pass certain test.
The default 'pre-applypatch' hook, when enabled, runs the
'pre-commit' hook, if the latter is enabled.
post-applypatch
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
This hook is invoked by linkgit:git-am[1]. It takes no parameter,
and is invoked after the patch is applied and a commit is made.
This hook is meant primarily for notification, and cannot affect
the outcome of `git am`.
pre-commit
~~~~~~~~~~
This hook is invoked by linkgit:git-commit[1], and can be bypassed
with the `--no-verify` option. It takes no parameters, and is
invoked before obtaining the proposed commit log message and
making a commit. Exiting with a non-zero status from this script
causes the `git commit` command to abort before creating a commit.
The default 'pre-commit' hook, when enabled, catches introduction
of lines with trailing whitespaces and aborts the commit when
such a line is found.
All the `git commit` hooks are invoked with the environment
variable `GIT_EDITOR=:` if the command will not bring up an editor
to modify the commit message.
The default 'pre-commit' hook, when enabled--and with the
`hooks.allownonascii` config option unset or set to false--prevents
the use of non-ASCII filenames.
pre-merge-commit
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
This hook is invoked by linkgit:git-merge[1], and can be bypassed
with the `--no-verify` option. It takes no parameters, and is
invoked after the merge has been carried out successfully and before
obtaining the proposed commit log message to
make a commit. Exiting with a non-zero status from this script
causes the `git merge` command to abort before creating a commit.
The default 'pre-merge-commit' hook, when enabled, runs the
'pre-commit' hook, if the latter is enabled.
This hook is invoked with the environment variable
`GIT_EDITOR=:` if the command will not bring up an editor
to modify the commit message.
If the merge cannot be carried out automatically, the conflicts
need to be resolved and the result committed separately (see
linkgit:git-merge[1]). At that point, this hook will not be executed,
but the 'pre-commit' hook will, if it is enabled.
prepare-commit-msg
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
This hook is invoked by linkgit:git-commit[1] right after preparing the
default log message, and before the editor is started.
It takes one to three parameters. The first is the name of the file
that contains the commit log message. The second is the source of the commit
message, and can be: `message` (if a `-m` or `-F` option was
given); `template` (if a `-t` option was given or the
configuration option `commit.template` is set); `merge` (if the
commit is a merge or a `.git/MERGE_MSG` file exists); `squash`
(if a `.git/SQUASH_MSG` file exists); or `commit`, followed by
a commit object name (if a `-c`, `-C` or `--amend` option was given).
If the exit status is non-zero, `git commit` will abort.
The purpose of the hook is to edit the message file in place, and
docs: stop using asciidoc no-inline-literal In asciidoc 7, backticks like `foo` produced a typographic effect, but did not otherwise affect the syntax. In asciidoc 8, backticks introduce an "inline literal" inside which markup is not interpreted. To keep compatibility with existing documents, asciidoc 8 has a "no-inline-literal" attribute to keep the old behavior. We enabled this so that the documentation could be built on either version. It has been several years now, and asciidoc 7 is no longer in wide use. We can now decide whether or not we want inline literals on their own merits, which are: 1. The source is much easier to read when the literal contains punctuation. You can use `master~1` instead of `master{tilde}1`. 2. They are less error-prone. Because of point (1), we tend to make mistakes and forget the extra layer of quoting. This patch removes the no-inline-literal attribute from the Makefile and converts every use of backticks in the documentation to an inline literal (they must be cleaned up, or the example above would literally show "{tilde}" in the output). Problematic sites were found by grepping for '`.*[{\\]' and examined and fixed manually. The results were then verified by comparing the output of "html2text" on the set of generated html pages. Doing so revealed that in addition to making the source more readable, this patch fixes several formatting bugs: - HTML rendering used the ellipsis character instead of literal "..." in code examples (like "git log A...B") - some code examples used the right-arrow character instead of '->' because they failed to quote - api-config.txt did not quote tilde, and the resulting HTML contained a bogus snippet like: <tt><sub></tt> foo <tt></sub>bar</tt> which caused some parsers to choke and omit whole sections of the page. - git-commit.txt confused ``foo`` (backticks inside a literal) with ``foo'' (matched double-quotes) - mentions of `A U Thor <author@example.com>` used to erroneously auto-generate a mailto footnote for author@example.com - the description of --word-diff=plain incorrectly showed the output as "[-removed-] and {added}", not "{+added+}". - using "prime" notation like: commit `C` and its replacement `C'` confused asciidoc into thinking that everything between the first backtick and the final apostrophe were meant to be inside matched quotes - asciidoc got confused by the escaping of some of our asterisks. In particular, `credential.\*` and `credential.<url>.\*` properly escaped the asterisk in the first case, but literally passed through the backslash in the second case. Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2012-04-26 08:51:57 +00:00
it is not suppressed by the `--no-verify` option. A non-zero exit
means a failure of the hook and aborts the commit. It should not
be used as replacement for pre-commit hook.
The sample `prepare-commit-msg` hook that comes with Git removes the
help message found in the commented portion of the commit template.
commit-msg
~~~~~~~~~~
This hook is invoked by linkgit:git-commit[1] and linkgit:git-merge[1], and can be
bypassed with the `--no-verify` option. It takes a single parameter,
the name of the file that holds the proposed commit log message.
Exiting with a non-zero status causes the command to abort.
The hook is allowed to edit the message file in place, and can be used
to normalize the message into some project standard format. It
can also be used to refuse the commit after inspecting the message
file.
The default 'commit-msg' hook, when enabled, detects duplicate
Documentation: stylistically normalize references to Signed-off-by: Ted reported an old typo in the git-commit.txt and merge-options.txt. Namely, the phrase "Signed-off-by line" was used without either a definite nor indefinite article. Upon examination, it seems that the documentation (including items in Documentation/, but also option help strings) have been quite inconsistent on usage when referring to `Signed-off-by`. First, very few places used a definite or indefinite article with the phrase "Signed-off-by line", but that was the initial typo that led to this investigation. So, normalize using either an indefinite or definite article consistently. The original phrasing, in Commit 3f971fc425b (Documentation updates, 2005-08-14), is "Add Signed-off-by line". Commit 6f855371a53 (Add --signoff, --check, and long option-names. 2005-12-09) switched to using "Add `Signed-off-by:` line", but didn't normalize the former commit to match. Later commits seem to have cut and pasted from one or the other, which is likely how the usage became so inconsistent. Junio stated on the git mailing list in <xmqqy2k1dfoh.fsf@gitster.c.googlers.com> a preference to leave off the colon. Thus, prefer `Signed-off-by` (with backticks) for the documentation files and Signed-off-by (without backticks) for option help strings. Additionally, Junio argued that "trailer" is now the standard term to refer to `Signed-off-by`, saying that "becomes plenty clear that we are not talking about any random line in the log message". As such, prefer "trailer" over "line" anywhere the former word fits. However, leave alone those few places in documentation that use Signed-off-by to refer to the process (rather than the specific trailer), or in places where mail headers are generally discussed in comparison with Signed-off-by. Reported-by: "Theodore Y. Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu> Signed-off-by: Bradley M. Kuhn <bkuhn@sfconservancy.org> Acked-by: Taylor Blau <me@ttaylorr.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2020-10-20 01:03:55 +00:00
`Signed-off-by` trailers, and aborts the commit if one is found.
post-commit
~~~~~~~~~~~
This hook is invoked by linkgit:git-commit[1]. It takes no parameters, and is
invoked after a commit is made.
This hook is meant primarily for notification, and cannot affect
the outcome of `git commit`.
pre-rebase
~~~~~~~~~~
This hook is called by linkgit:git-rebase[1] and can be used to prevent a
branch from getting rebased. The hook may be called with one or
two parameters. The first parameter is the upstream from which
the series was forked. The second parameter is the branch being
rebased, and is not set when rebasing the current branch.
post-checkout
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
This hook is invoked when a linkgit:git-checkout[1] or
linkgit:git-switch[1] is run after having updated the
worktree. The hook is given three parameters: the ref of the previous HEAD,
the ref of the new HEAD (which may or may not have changed), and a flag
indicating whether the checkout was a branch checkout (changing branches,
flag=1) or a file checkout (retrieving a file from the index, flag=0).
This hook cannot affect the outcome of `git switch` or `git checkout`,
other than that the hook's exit status becomes the exit status of
these two commands.
It is also run after linkgit:git-clone[1], unless the `--no-checkout` (`-n`) option is
used. The first parameter given to the hook is the null-ref, the second the
ref of the new HEAD and the flag is always 1. Likewise for `git worktree add`
unless `--no-checkout` is used.
This hook can be used to perform repository validity checks, auto-display
differences from the previous HEAD if different, or set working dir metadata
properties.
post-merge
~~~~~~~~~~
This hook is invoked by linkgit:git-merge[1], which happens when a `git pull`
is done on a local repository. The hook takes a single parameter, a status
flag specifying whether or not the merge being done was a squash merge.
This hook cannot affect the outcome of `git merge` and is not executed,
if the merge failed due to conflicts.
This hook can be used in conjunction with a corresponding pre-commit hook to
save and restore any form of metadata associated with the working tree
(e.g.: permissions/ownership, ACLS, etc). See contrib/hooks/setgitperms.perl
for an example of how to do this.
pre-push
~~~~~~~~
This hook is called by linkgit:git-push[1] and can be used to prevent
a push from taking place. The hook is called with two parameters
which provide the name and location of the destination remote, if a
named remote is not being used both values will be the same.
Information about what is to be pushed is provided on the hook's standard
input with lines of the form:
<local ref> SP <local object name> SP <remote ref> SP <remote object name> LF
For instance, if the command +git push origin master:foreign+ were run the
hook would receive a line like the following:
refs/heads/master 67890 refs/heads/foreign 12345
although the full object name would be supplied. If the foreign ref does not
yet exist the `<remote object name>` will be the all-zeroes object name. If a
ref is to be deleted, the `<local ref>` will be supplied as `(delete)` and the
`<local object name>` will be the all-zeroes object name. If the local commit
was specified by something other than a name which could be expanded (such as
`HEAD~`, or an object name) it will be supplied as it was originally given.
If this hook exits with a non-zero status, `git push` will abort without
pushing anything. Information about why the push is rejected may be sent
to the user by writing to standard error.
[[pre-receive]]
pre-receive
~~~~~~~~~~~
This hook is invoked by linkgit:git-receive-pack[1] when it reacts to
`git push` and updates reference(s) in its repository.
Just before starting to update refs on the remote repository, the
pre-receive hook is invoked. Its exit status determines the success
or failure of the update.
This hook executes once for the receive operation. It takes no
arguments, but for each ref to be updated it receives on standard
input a line of the format:
<old-value> SP <new-value> SP <ref-name> LF
where `<old-value>` is the old object name stored in the ref,
`<new-value>` is the new object name to be stored in the ref and
`<ref-name>` is the full name of the ref.
When creating a new ref, `<old-value>` is the all-zeroes object name.
If the hook exits with non-zero status, none of the refs will be
updated. If the hook exits with zero, updating of individual refs can
still be prevented by the <<update,'update'>> hook.
Both standard output and standard error output are forwarded to
`git send-pack` on the other end, so you can simply `echo` messages
for the user.
push options: {pre,post}-receive hook learns about push options The environment variable GIT_PUSH_OPTION_COUNT is set to the number of push options sent, and GIT_PUSH_OPTION_{0,1,..} is set to the transmitted option. The code is not executed as the push options are set to NULL, nor is the new capability advertised. There was some discussion back and forth how to present these push options to the user as there are some ways to do it: Keep all options in one environment variable ============================================ + easiest way to implement in Git - This would make things hard to parse correctly in the hook. Put the options in files instead, filenames are in GIT_PUSH_OPTION_FILES ====================================== + After a discussion about environment variables and shells, we may not want to put user data into an environment variable (see [1] for example). + We could transmit binaries, i.e. we're not bound to C strings as we are when using environment variables to the user. + Maybe easier to parse than constructing environment variable names GIT_PUSH_OPTION_{0,1,..} yourself - cleanup of the temporary files is hard to do reliably - we have race conditions with multiple clients pushing, hence we'd need to use mkstemp. That's not too bad, but still. Use environment variables, but restrict to key/value pairs ========================================================== (When the user pushes a push option `foo=bar`, we'd GIT_PUSH_OPTION_foo=bar) + very easy to parse for a simple model of push options - it's not sufficient for more elaborate models, e.g. it doesn't allow doubles (e.g. cc=reviewer@email) Present the options in different environment variables ====================================================== (This is implemented) * harder to parse as a user, but we have a sample hook for that. - doesn't allow binary files + allows the same option twice, i.e. is not restrictive about options, except for binary files. + doesn't clutter a remote directory with (possibly stale) temporary files As we first want to focus on getting simple strings to work reliably, we go with the last option for now. If we want to do transmission of binaries later, we can just attach a 'side-channel', e.g. "any push option that contains a '\0' is put into a file instead of the environment variable and we'd have new GIT_PUSH_OPTION_FILES, GIT_PUSH_OPTION_FILENAME_{0,1,..} environment variables". [1] 'Shellshock' https://lwn.net/Articles/614218/ Signed-off-by: Stefan Beller <sbeller@google.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2016-07-14 21:49:45 +00:00
The number of push options given on the command line of
`git push --push-option=...` can be read from the environment
variable `GIT_PUSH_OPTION_COUNT`, and the options themselves are
found in `GIT_PUSH_OPTION_0`, `GIT_PUSH_OPTION_1`,...
If it is negotiated to not use the push options phase, the
environment variables will not be set. If the client selects
to use push options, but doesn't transmit any, the count variable
will be set to zero, `GIT_PUSH_OPTION_COUNT=0`.
See the section on "Quarantine Environment" in
linkgit:git-receive-pack[1] for some caveats.
[[update]]
update
~~~~~~
This hook is invoked by linkgit:git-receive-pack[1] when it reacts to
`git push` and updates reference(s) in its repository.
Just before updating the ref on the remote repository, the update hook
is invoked. Its exit status determines the success or failure of
the ref update.
The hook executes once for each ref to be updated, and takes
three parameters:
- the name of the ref being updated,
- the old object name stored in the ref,
- and the new object name to be stored in the ref.
A zero exit from the update hook allows the ref to be updated.
Exiting with a non-zero status prevents `git receive-pack`
from updating that ref.
This hook can be used to prevent 'forced' update on certain refs by
making sure that the object name is a commit object that is a
descendant of the commit object named by the old object name.
That is, to enforce a "fast-forward only" policy.
It could also be used to log the old..new status. However, it
does not know the entire set of branches, so it would end up
firing one e-mail per ref when used naively, though. The
<<post-receive,'post-receive'>> hook is more suited to that.
In an environment that restricts the users' access only to git
commands over the wire, this hook can be used to implement access
control without relying on filesystem ownership and group
membership. See linkgit:git-shell[1] for how you might use the login
shell to restrict the user's access to only git commands.
Both standard output and standard error output are forwarded to
`git send-pack` on the other end, so you can simply `echo` messages
for the user.
The default 'update' hook, when enabled--and with
`hooks.allowunannotated` config option unset or set to false--prevents
unannotated tags to be pushed.
[[proc-receive]]
proc-receive
~~~~~~~~~~~~
This hook is invoked by linkgit:git-receive-pack[1]. If the server has
set the multi-valued config variable `receive.procReceiveRefs`, and the
commands sent to 'receive-pack' have matching reference names, these
commands will be executed by this hook, instead of by the internal
`execute_commands()` function. This hook is responsible for updating
the relevant references and reporting the results back to 'receive-pack'.
This hook executes once for the receive operation. It takes no
arguments, but uses a pkt-line format protocol to communicate with
'receive-pack' to read commands, push-options and send results. In the
following example for the protocol, the letter 'S' stands for
'receive-pack' and the letter 'H' stands for this hook.
# Version and features negotiation.
S: PKT-LINE(version=1\0push-options atomic...)
S: flush-pkt
H: PKT-LINE(version=1\0push-options...)
H: flush-pkt
# Send commands from server to the hook.
S: PKT-LINE(<old-oid> <new-oid> <ref>)
S: ... ...
S: flush-pkt
# Send push-options only if the 'push-options' feature is enabled.
S: PKT-LINE(push-option)
S: ... ...
S: flush-pkt
# Receive result from the hook.
# OK, run this command successfully.
H: PKT-LINE(ok <ref>)
# NO, I reject it.
H: PKT-LINE(ng <ref> <reason>)
# Fall through, let 'receive-pack' to execute it.
H: PKT-LINE(ok <ref>)
H: PKT-LINE(option fall-through)
# OK, but has an alternate reference. The alternate reference name
# and other status can be given in option directives.
H: PKT-LINE(ok <ref>)
H: PKT-LINE(option refname <refname>)
H: PKT-LINE(option old-oid <old-oid>)
H: PKT-LINE(option new-oid <new-oid>)
H: PKT-LINE(option forced-update)
H: ... ...
H: flush-pkt
Each command for the 'proc-receive' hook may point to a pseudo-reference
and always has a zero-old as its old-oid, while the 'proc-receive' hook
may update an alternate reference and the alternate reference may exist
already with a non-zero old-oid. For this case, this hook will use
"option" directives to report extended attributes for the reference given
by the leading "ok" directive.
The report of the commands of this hook should have the same order as
the input. The exit status of the 'proc-receive' hook only determines
the success or failure of the group of commands sent to it, unless
atomic push is in use.
[[post-receive]]
post-receive
~~~~~~~~~~~~
This hook is invoked by linkgit:git-receive-pack[1] when it reacts to
`git push` and updates reference(s) in its repository.
It executes on the remote repository once after all the refs have
been updated.
This hook executes once for the receive operation. It takes no
arguments, but gets the same information as the
<<pre-receive,'pre-receive'>>
hook does on its standard input.
This hook does not affect the outcome of `git receive-pack`, as it
is called after the real work is done.
This supersedes the <<post-update,'post-update'>> hook in that it gets
both old and new values of all the refs in addition to their
names.
Both standard output and standard error output are forwarded to
`git send-pack` on the other end, so you can simply `echo` messages
for the user.
The default 'post-receive' hook is empty, but there is
a sample script `post-receive-email` provided in the `contrib/hooks`
directory in Git distribution, which implements sending commit
emails.
push options: {pre,post}-receive hook learns about push options The environment variable GIT_PUSH_OPTION_COUNT is set to the number of push options sent, and GIT_PUSH_OPTION_{0,1,..} is set to the transmitted option. The code is not executed as the push options are set to NULL, nor is the new capability advertised. There was some discussion back and forth how to present these push options to the user as there are some ways to do it: Keep all options in one environment variable ============================================ + easiest way to implement in Git - This would make things hard to parse correctly in the hook. Put the options in files instead, filenames are in GIT_PUSH_OPTION_FILES ====================================== + After a discussion about environment variables and shells, we may not want to put user data into an environment variable (see [1] for example). + We could transmit binaries, i.e. we're not bound to C strings as we are when using environment variables to the user. + Maybe easier to parse than constructing environment variable names GIT_PUSH_OPTION_{0,1,..} yourself - cleanup of the temporary files is hard to do reliably - we have race conditions with multiple clients pushing, hence we'd need to use mkstemp. That's not too bad, but still. Use environment variables, but restrict to key/value pairs ========================================================== (When the user pushes a push option `foo=bar`, we'd GIT_PUSH_OPTION_foo=bar) + very easy to parse for a simple model of push options - it's not sufficient for more elaborate models, e.g. it doesn't allow doubles (e.g. cc=reviewer@email) Present the options in different environment variables ====================================================== (This is implemented) * harder to parse as a user, but we have a sample hook for that. - doesn't allow binary files + allows the same option twice, i.e. is not restrictive about options, except for binary files. + doesn't clutter a remote directory with (possibly stale) temporary files As we first want to focus on getting simple strings to work reliably, we go with the last option for now. If we want to do transmission of binaries later, we can just attach a 'side-channel', e.g. "any push option that contains a '\0' is put into a file instead of the environment variable and we'd have new GIT_PUSH_OPTION_FILES, GIT_PUSH_OPTION_FILENAME_{0,1,..} environment variables". [1] 'Shellshock' https://lwn.net/Articles/614218/ Signed-off-by: Stefan Beller <sbeller@google.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2016-07-14 21:49:45 +00:00
The number of push options given on the command line of
`git push --push-option=...` can be read from the environment
variable `GIT_PUSH_OPTION_COUNT`, and the options themselves are
found in `GIT_PUSH_OPTION_0`, `GIT_PUSH_OPTION_1`,...
If it is negotiated to not use the push options phase, the
environment variables will not be set. If the client selects
to use push options, but doesn't transmit any, the count variable
will be set to zero, `GIT_PUSH_OPTION_COUNT=0`.
[[post-update]]
post-update
~~~~~~~~~~~
This hook is invoked by linkgit:git-receive-pack[1] when it reacts to
`git push` and updates reference(s) in its repository.
It executes on the remote repository once after all the refs have
been updated.
It takes a variable number of parameters, each of which is the
name of ref that was actually updated.
This hook is meant primarily for notification, and cannot affect
the outcome of `git receive-pack`.
The 'post-update' hook can tell what are the heads that were pushed,
but it does not know what their original and updated values are,
so it is a poor place to do log old..new. The
<<post-receive,'post-receive'>> hook does get both original and
updated values of the refs. You might consider it instead if you need
them.
When enabled, the default 'post-update' hook runs
`git update-server-info` to keep the information used by dumb
transports (e.g., HTTP) up to date. If you are publishing
a Git repository that is accessible via HTTP, you should
probably enable this hook.
Both standard output and standard error output are forwarded to
`git send-pack` on the other end, so you can simply `echo` messages
for the user.
reference-transaction
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
refs: implement reference transaction hook The low-level reference transactions used to update references are currently completely opaque to the user. While certainly desirable in most usecases, there are some which might want to hook into the transaction to observe all queued reference updates as well as observing the abortion or commit of a prepared transaction. One such usecase would be to have a set of replicas of a given Git repository, where we perform Git operations on all of the repositories at once and expect the outcome to be the same in all of them. While there exist hooks already for a certain subset of Git commands that could be used to implement a voting mechanism for this, many others currently don't have any mechanism for this. The above scenario is the motivation for the new "reference-transaction" hook that reaches directly into Git's reference transaction mechanism. The hook receives as parameter the current state the transaction was moved to ("prepared", "committed" or "aborted") and gets via its standard input all queued reference updates. While the exit code gets ignored in the "committed" and "aborted" states, a non-zero exit code in the "prepared" state will cause the transaction to be aborted prematurely. Given the usecase described above, a voting mechanism can now be implemented via this hook: as soon as it gets called, it will take all of stdin and use it to cast a vote to a central service. When all replicas of the repository agree, the hook will exit with zero, otherwise it will abort the transaction by returning non-zero. The most important upside is that this will catch _all_ commands writing references at once, allowing to implement strong consistency for reference updates via a single mechanism. In order to test the impact on the case where we don't have any "reference-transaction" hook installed in the repository, this commit introduce two new performance tests for git-update-refs(1). Run against an empty repository, it produces the following results: Test origin/master HEAD -------------------------------------------------------------------- 1400.2: update-ref 2.70(2.10+0.71) 2.71(2.10+0.73) +0.4% 1400.3: update-ref --stdin 0.21(0.09+0.11) 0.21(0.07+0.14) +0.0% The performance test p1400.2 creates, updates and deletes a branch a thousand times, thus averaging runtime of git-update-refs over 3000 invocations. p1400.3 instead calls `git-update-refs --stdin` three times and queues a thousand creations, updates and deletes respectively. As expected, p1400.3 consistently shows no noticeable impact, as for each batch of updates there's a single call to access(3P) for the negative hook lookup. On the other hand, for p1400.2, one can see an impact caused by this patchset. But doing five runs of the performance tests where each one was run with GIT_PERF_REPEAT_COUNT=10, the overhead ranged from -1.5% to +1.1%. These inconsistent performance numbers can be explained by the overhead of spawning 3000 processes. This shows that the overhead of assembling the hook path and executing access(3P) once to check if it's there is mostly outweighed by the operating system's overhead. Signed-off-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2020-06-19 06:56:14 +00:00
This hook is invoked by any Git command that performs reference
updates. It executes whenever a reference transaction is prepared,
committed or aborted and may thus get called multiple times. The hook
does not cover symbolic references (but that may change in the future).
refs: implement reference transaction hook The low-level reference transactions used to update references are currently completely opaque to the user. While certainly desirable in most usecases, there are some which might want to hook into the transaction to observe all queued reference updates as well as observing the abortion or commit of a prepared transaction. One such usecase would be to have a set of replicas of a given Git repository, where we perform Git operations on all of the repositories at once and expect the outcome to be the same in all of them. While there exist hooks already for a certain subset of Git commands that could be used to implement a voting mechanism for this, many others currently don't have any mechanism for this. The above scenario is the motivation for the new "reference-transaction" hook that reaches directly into Git's reference transaction mechanism. The hook receives as parameter the current state the transaction was moved to ("prepared", "committed" or "aborted") and gets via its standard input all queued reference updates. While the exit code gets ignored in the "committed" and "aborted" states, a non-zero exit code in the "prepared" state will cause the transaction to be aborted prematurely. Given the usecase described above, a voting mechanism can now be implemented via this hook: as soon as it gets called, it will take all of stdin and use it to cast a vote to a central service. When all replicas of the repository agree, the hook will exit with zero, otherwise it will abort the transaction by returning non-zero. The most important upside is that this will catch _all_ commands writing references at once, allowing to implement strong consistency for reference updates via a single mechanism. In order to test the impact on the case where we don't have any "reference-transaction" hook installed in the repository, this commit introduce two new performance tests for git-update-refs(1). Run against an empty repository, it produces the following results: Test origin/master HEAD -------------------------------------------------------------------- 1400.2: update-ref 2.70(2.10+0.71) 2.71(2.10+0.73) +0.4% 1400.3: update-ref --stdin 0.21(0.09+0.11) 0.21(0.07+0.14) +0.0% The performance test p1400.2 creates, updates and deletes a branch a thousand times, thus averaging runtime of git-update-refs over 3000 invocations. p1400.3 instead calls `git-update-refs --stdin` three times and queues a thousand creations, updates and deletes respectively. As expected, p1400.3 consistently shows no noticeable impact, as for each batch of updates there's a single call to access(3P) for the negative hook lookup. On the other hand, for p1400.2, one can see an impact caused by this patchset. But doing five runs of the performance tests where each one was run with GIT_PERF_REPEAT_COUNT=10, the overhead ranged from -1.5% to +1.1%. These inconsistent performance numbers can be explained by the overhead of spawning 3000 processes. This shows that the overhead of assembling the hook path and executing access(3P) once to check if it's there is mostly outweighed by the operating system's overhead. Signed-off-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2020-06-19 06:56:14 +00:00
The hook takes exactly one argument, which is the current state the
given reference transaction is in:
- "prepared": All reference updates have been queued to the
transaction and references were locked on disk.
- "committed": The reference transaction was committed and all
references now have their respective new value.
- "aborted": The reference transaction was aborted, no changes
were performed and the locks have been released.
For each reference update that was added to the transaction, the hook
receives on standard input a line of the format:
<old-value> SP <new-value> SP <ref-name> LF
where `<old-value>` is the old object name passed into the reference
transaction, `<new-value>` is the new object name to be stored in the
ref and `<ref-name>` is the full name of the ref. When force updating
the reference regardless of its current value or when the reference is
to be created anew, `<old-value>` is the all-zeroes object name. To
distinguish these cases, you can inspect the current value of
`<ref-name>` via `git rev-parse`.
refs: implement reference transaction hook The low-level reference transactions used to update references are currently completely opaque to the user. While certainly desirable in most usecases, there are some which might want to hook into the transaction to observe all queued reference updates as well as observing the abortion or commit of a prepared transaction. One such usecase would be to have a set of replicas of a given Git repository, where we perform Git operations on all of the repositories at once and expect the outcome to be the same in all of them. While there exist hooks already for a certain subset of Git commands that could be used to implement a voting mechanism for this, many others currently don't have any mechanism for this. The above scenario is the motivation for the new "reference-transaction" hook that reaches directly into Git's reference transaction mechanism. The hook receives as parameter the current state the transaction was moved to ("prepared", "committed" or "aborted") and gets via its standard input all queued reference updates. While the exit code gets ignored in the "committed" and "aborted" states, a non-zero exit code in the "prepared" state will cause the transaction to be aborted prematurely. Given the usecase described above, a voting mechanism can now be implemented via this hook: as soon as it gets called, it will take all of stdin and use it to cast a vote to a central service. When all replicas of the repository agree, the hook will exit with zero, otherwise it will abort the transaction by returning non-zero. The most important upside is that this will catch _all_ commands writing references at once, allowing to implement strong consistency for reference updates via a single mechanism. In order to test the impact on the case where we don't have any "reference-transaction" hook installed in the repository, this commit introduce two new performance tests for git-update-refs(1). Run against an empty repository, it produces the following results: Test origin/master HEAD -------------------------------------------------------------------- 1400.2: update-ref 2.70(2.10+0.71) 2.71(2.10+0.73) +0.4% 1400.3: update-ref --stdin 0.21(0.09+0.11) 0.21(0.07+0.14) +0.0% The performance test p1400.2 creates, updates and deletes a branch a thousand times, thus averaging runtime of git-update-refs over 3000 invocations. p1400.3 instead calls `git-update-refs --stdin` three times and queues a thousand creations, updates and deletes respectively. As expected, p1400.3 consistently shows no noticeable impact, as for each batch of updates there's a single call to access(3P) for the negative hook lookup. On the other hand, for p1400.2, one can see an impact caused by this patchset. But doing five runs of the performance tests where each one was run with GIT_PERF_REPEAT_COUNT=10, the overhead ranged from -1.5% to +1.1%. These inconsistent performance numbers can be explained by the overhead of spawning 3000 processes. This shows that the overhead of assembling the hook path and executing access(3P) once to check if it's there is mostly outweighed by the operating system's overhead. Signed-off-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2020-06-19 06:56:14 +00:00
The exit status of the hook is ignored for any state except for the
"prepared" state. In the "prepared" state, a non-zero exit status will
cause the transaction to be aborted. The hook will not be called with
"aborted" state in that case.
push-to-checkout
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
This hook is invoked by linkgit:git-receive-pack[1] when it reacts to
`git push` and updates reference(s) in its repository, and when
the push tries to update the branch that is currently checked out
and the `receive.denyCurrentBranch` configuration variable is set to
`updateInstead`. Such a push by default is refused if the working
tree and the index of the remote repository has any difference from
the currently checked out commit; when both the working tree and the
index match the current commit, they are updated to match the newly
pushed tip of the branch. This hook is to be used to override the
default behaviour.
The hook receives the commit with which the tip of the current
branch is going to be updated. It can exit with a non-zero status
to refuse the push (when it does so, it must not modify the index or
the working tree). Or it can make any necessary changes to the
working tree and to the index to bring them to the desired state
when the tip of the current branch is updated to the new commit, and
exit with a zero status.
For example, the hook can simply run `git read-tree -u -m HEAD "$1"`
in order to emulate `git fetch` that is run in the reverse direction
with `git push`, as the two-tree form of `git read-tree -u -m` is
essentially the same as `git switch` or `git checkout`
that switches branches while
keeping the local changes in the working tree that do not interfere
with the difference between the branches.
pre-auto-gc
~~~~~~~~~~~
This hook is invoked by `git gc --auto` (see linkgit:git-gc[1]). It
takes no parameter, and exiting with non-zero status from this script
causes the `git gc --auto` to abort.
post-rewrite
~~~~~~~~~~~~
This hook is invoked by commands that rewrite commits
(linkgit:git-commit[1] when called with `--amend` and
Recommend git-filter-repo instead of git-filter-branch filter-branch suffers from a deluge of disguised dangers that disfigure history rewrites (i.e. deviate from the deliberate changes). Many of these problems are unobtrusive and can easily go undiscovered until the new repository is in use. This can result in problems ranging from an even messier history than what led folks to filter-branch in the first place, to data loss or corruption. These issues cannot be backward compatibly fixed, so add a warning to both filter-branch and its manpage recommending that another tool (such as filter-repo) be used instead. Also, update other manpages that referenced filter-branch. Several of these needed updates even if we could continue recommending filter-branch, either due to implying that something was unique to filter-branch when it applied more generally to all history rewriting tools (e.g. BFG, reposurgeon, fast-import, filter-repo), or because something about filter-branch was used as an example despite other more commonly known examples now existing. Reword these sections to fix these issues and to avoid recommending filter-branch. Finally, remove the section explaining BFG Repo Cleaner as an alternative to filter-branch. I feel somewhat bad about this, especially since I feel like I learned so much from BFG that I put to good use in filter-repo (which is much more than I can say for filter-branch), but keeping that section presented a few problems: * In order to recommend that people quit using filter-branch, we need to provide them a recomendation for something else to use that can handle all the same types of rewrites. To my knowledge, filter-repo is the only such tool. So it needs to be mentioned. * I don't want to give conflicting recommendations to users * If we recommend two tools, we shouldn't expect users to learn both and pick which one to use; we should explain which problems one can solve that the other can't or when one is much faster than the other. * BFG and filter-repo have similar performance * All filtering types that BFG can do, filter-repo can also do. In fact, filter-repo comes with a reimplementation of BFG named bfg-ish which provides the same user-interface as BFG but with several bugfixes and new features that are hard to implement in BFG due to its technical underpinnings. While I could still mention both tools, it seems like I would need to provide some kind of comparison and I would ultimately just say that filter-repo can do everything BFG can, so ultimately it seems that it is just better to remove that section altogether. Signed-off-by: Elijah Newren <newren@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2019-09-04 22:32:38 +00:00
linkgit:git-rebase[1]; however, full-history (re)writing tools like
linkgit:git-fast-import[1] or
https://github.com/newren/git-filter-repo[git-filter-repo] typically
do not call it!). Its first argument denotes the command it was
invoked by: currently one of `amend` or `rebase`. Further
command-dependent arguments may be passed in the future.
The hook receives a list of the rewritten commits on stdin, in the
format
<old-object-name> SP <new-object-name> [ SP <extra-info> ] LF
The 'extra-info' is again command-dependent. If it is empty, the
preceding SP is also omitted. Currently, no commands pass any
'extra-info'.
The hook always runs after the automatic note copying (see
"notes.rewrite.<command>" in linkgit:git-config[1]) has happened, and
thus has access to these notes.
The following command-specific comments apply:
rebase::
For the 'squash' and 'fixup' operation, all commits that were
squashed are listed as being rewritten to the squashed commit.
This means that there will be several lines sharing the same
'new-object-name'.
+
The commits are guaranteed to be listed in the order that they were
processed by rebase.
sendemail-validate
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
This hook is invoked by linkgit:git-send-email[1].
It takes these command line arguments. They are,
1. the name of the file which holds the contents of the email to be sent.
2. The name of the file which holds the SMTP headers of the email.
The SMTP headers are passed in the exact same way as they are passed to the
user's Mail Transport Agent (MTA). In effect, the email given to the user's
MTA, is the contents of $2 followed by the contents of $1.
An example of a few common headers is shown below. Take notice of the
capitalization and multi-line tab structure.
From: Example <from@example.com>
To: to@example.com
Cc: cc@example.com,
A <author@example.com>,
One <one@example.com>,
two@example.com
Subject: PATCH-STRING
Exiting with a non-zero status causes `git send-email` to abort
before sending any e-mails.
The following environment variables are set when executing the hook.
`GIT_SENDEMAIL_FILE_COUNTER`::
A 1-based counter incremented by one for every file holding an e-mail
to be sent (excluding any FIFOs). This counter does not follow the
patch series counter scheme. It will always start at 1 and will end at
GIT_SENDEMAIL_FILE_TOTAL.
`GIT_SENDEMAIL_FILE_TOTAL`::
The total number of files that will be sent (excluding any FIFOs). This
counter does not follow the patch series counter scheme. It will always
be equal to the number of files being sent, whether there is a cover
letter or not.
These variables may for instance be used to validate patch series.
The sample `sendemail-validate` hook that comes with Git checks that all sent
patches (excluding the cover letter) can be applied on top of the upstream
repository default branch without conflicts. Some placeholders are left for
additional validation steps to be performed after all patches of a given series
have been applied.
fsmonitor-watchman
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
This hook is invoked when the configuration option `core.fsmonitor` is
set to `.git/hooks/fsmonitor-watchman` or `.git/hooks/fsmonitor-watchmanv2`
depending on the version of the hook to use.
Version 1 takes two arguments, a version (1) and the time in elapsed
nanoseconds since midnight, January 1, 1970.
Version 2 takes two arguments, a version (2) and a token that is used
for identifying changes since the token. For watchman this would be
a clock id. This version must output to stdout the new token followed
by a NUL before the list of files.
The hook should output to stdout the list of all files in the working
directory that may have changed since the requested time. The logic
should be inclusive so that it does not miss any potential changes.
The paths should be relative to the root of the working directory
and be separated by a single NUL.
It is OK to include files which have not actually changed. All changes
including newly-created and deleted files should be included. When
files are renamed, both the old and the new name should be included.
Git will limit what files it checks for changes as well as which
directories are checked for untracked files based on the path names
given.
An optimized way to tell git "all files have changed" is to return
the filename `/`.
The exit status determines whether git will use the data from the
hook to limit its search. On error, it will fall back to verifying
all files and folders.
p4-changelist
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
This hook is invoked by `git-p4 submit`.
The `p4-changelist` hook is executed after the changelist
message has been edited by the user. It can be bypassed with the
`--no-verify` option. It takes a single parameter, the name
of the file that holds the proposed changelist text. Exiting
with a non-zero status causes the command to abort.
The hook is allowed to edit the changelist file and can be used
to normalize the text into some project standard format. It can
also be used to refuse the Submit after inspect the message file.
Run `git-p4 submit --help` for details.
p4-prepare-changelist
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
This hook is invoked by `git-p4 submit`.
The `p4-prepare-changelist` hook is executed right after preparing
the default changelist message and before the editor is started.
It takes one parameter, the name of the file that contains the
changelist text. Exiting with a non-zero status from the script
will abort the process.
The purpose of the hook is to edit the message file in place,
and it is not suppressed by the `--no-verify` option. This hook
is called even if `--prepare-p4-only` is set.
Run `git-p4 submit --help` for details.
p4-post-changelist
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
This hook is invoked by `git-p4 submit`.
The `p4-post-changelist` hook is invoked after the submit has
successfully occurred in P4. It takes no parameters and is meant
primarily for notification and cannot affect the outcome of the
git p4 submit action.
Run `git-p4 submit --help` for details.
p4-pre-submit
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
This hook is invoked by `git-p4 submit`. It takes no parameters and nothing
from standard input. Exiting with non-zero status from this script prevent
`git-p4 submit` from launching. It can be bypassed with the `--no-verify`
command line option. Run `git-p4 submit --help` for details.
post-index-change
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
This hook is invoked when the index is written in read-cache.c
do_write_locked_index.
The first parameter passed to the hook is the indicator for the
working directory being updated. "1" meaning working directory
was updated or "0" when the working directory was not updated.
The second parameter passed to the hook is the indicator for whether
or not the index was updated and the skip-worktree bit could have
changed. "1" meaning skip-worktree bits could have been updated
and "0" meaning they were not.
Only one parameter should be set to "1" when the hook runs. The hook
running passing "1", "1" should not be possible.
SEE ALSO
--------
linkgit:git-hook[1]
GIT
---
Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite