mirror of
git://source.winehq.org/git/wine.git
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1203 lines
48 KiB
Text
1203 lines
48 KiB
Text
<chapter id="documentation">
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<title>Documenting Wine</title>
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<para>How to help out with the Wine documentation effort...</para>
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<sect1 id="api-docs">
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<title>Writing Wine API Documentation</title>
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<para>
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Written by &name-douglas-ridgway; <email>&email-douglas-ridgway;</email>
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</para>
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<para>
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(Extracted from <filename>wine/documentation/README.documentation</filename>)
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</para>
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<para>
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To improve the documentation of the Wine API, just add
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comments to the existing source. For example,
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</para>
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<screen>
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/******************************************************************
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* CopyMetaFileA (GDI32.23)
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*
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* Copies the metafile corresponding to hSrcMetaFile to either
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* a disk file, if a filename is given, or to a new memory based
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* metafile, if lpFileName is NULL.
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*
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* RETURNS
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*
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* Handle to metafile copy on success, NULL on failure.
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*
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* BUGS
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*
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* Copying to disk returns NULL even if successful.
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*/
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HMETAFILE WINAPI CopyMetaFileA(
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HMETAFILE hSrcMetaFile, /* handle of metafile to copy */
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LPCSTR lpFilename /* filename if copying to a file */
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) { ... }
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</screen>
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<para>
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becomes, after processing with <command>c2man</command> and
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<command>nroff -man</command>,
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</para>
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<screen>
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CopyMetaFileA(3w) CopyMetaFileA(3w)
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NAME
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CopyMetaFileA (GDI32.23)
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SYNOPSIS
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HMETAFILE CopyMetaFileA
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(
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HMETAFILE hSrcMetaFile,
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LPCSTR lpFilename
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);
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PARAMETERS
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HMETAFILE hSrcMetaFile
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Handle of metafile to copy.
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LPCSTR lpFilename
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Filename if copying to a file.
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DESCRIPTION
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Copies the metafile corresponding to hSrcMetaFile to
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either a disk file, if a filename is given, or to a new
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memory based metafile, if lpFileName is NULL.
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RETURNS
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Handle to metafile copy on success, NULL on failure.
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BUGS
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Copying to disk returns NULL even if successful.
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SEE ALSO
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GetMetaFileA(3w), GetMetaFileW(3w), CopyMetaFileW(3w),
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PlayMetaFile(3w), SetMetaFileBitsEx(3w), GetMetaFileBit-
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sEx(3w)
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</screen>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 id="wine-docbook">
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<title>The Wine DocBook System</title>
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<para>
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Written by &name-john-sheets; <email>&email-john-sheets;</email>
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</para>
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<para>
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Modified by &name-tony-lambregts; <email>&email-tony-lambregts;</email> Nov. 2002
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</para>
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<sect2 id="writing-docbook">
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<title>Writing Documentation with DocBook</title>
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<para>
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DocBook is a flavor of <acronym>SGML</acronym>
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(<firstterm>Standard Generalized Markup
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Language</firstterm>), a syntax for marking up the contents
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of documents. HTML is another very common flavor of SGML;
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DocBook markup looks very similar to HTML markup, although
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the names of the markup tags differ.
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</para>
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<sect3>
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<title>Getting Started</title>
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<note>
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<title>Why SGML?</title>
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<para>
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The simple answer to that is that SGML allows you
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to create multiple formats of a given document from a single
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source. Currently sgml is used to create html, pdf and PS
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formats of the Users Guide, Developers Guide, Winelib Users
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Guide Packagers Guide and FAQ.
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</para>
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</note>
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<note>
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<title>What do I need?</title>
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<para>
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You need the sgml tools. There are various places where you
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can get them. The most generic way of geting them form source.
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</para>
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</note>
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<note>
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<title>Quick instructions</title>
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<para>
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These are the generic steps to get output from sgml.
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</para>
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</note>
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<orderedlist>
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<listItem><para>
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Go to <ulink url="http://www.sgmltools.org">http://www.sgmltools.org</ulink>
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</para></listitem>
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<listItem><para>
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Download all of the sgmltools packages
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</para></listitem>
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<listItem><para>
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Install them all and build them (./configure; make; make install)
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</para></listitem>
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<listItem><para>
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Switch to your toplevel wine directory
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</para></listitem>
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<listItem><para>
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Run ./configure (or make distclean && ./configure)
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</para></listitem>
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<listItem><para>
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Switch to the documentation directory
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</para></listitem>
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<listItem><para>
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run make_winehq
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</para></listitem>
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<listItem><para>
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View wine-doc/index.html in your favorite browser
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</para></listitem>
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</orderedlist>
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</sect3>
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<sect3>
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<title>Getting SGML for various distributions</title>
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<para>
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Most Linux distributions have everything you need already
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bundled up in package form. Unfortunately, each
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distribution seems to handle its SGML environment
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differently, installing it into different paths, and
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naming its packages according to its own whims.
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</para>
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<sect4>
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<title>SGML on Redhat</title>
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<para>
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The following packages seems to be sufficient for RedHat 7.1. You
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will want to be careful about the order in which you install the
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rpms.
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para>sgml-common-*.rpm</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>openjade-*.rpm</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>perl-SGMLSpm-*.rpm</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>docbook-dtd*.rpm</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>docbook-style-dsssl-*.rpm</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>tetex-*.rpm</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>jadetex-*.rpm</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>docbook-utils-*.rpm</para></listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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You can also use ghostscript to view the ps format output and
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Adobe Acrobat 4 to view the pdf file.
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</para>
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</sect4>
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<sect4>
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<title>SGML on Debian</title>
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<note>
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<title>Fix me</title>
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<para>
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List package names and install locations...
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</para>
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</note>
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</sect4>
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<sect4>
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<title>SGML on Other Distributions</title>
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<note>
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<title>Fix me</title>
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<para>
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List package names and install locations...
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</para>
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</note>
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</sect4>
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</sect3>
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<sect3>
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<title>Terminology</title>
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<para>
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SGML markup contains a number of syntactical elements that
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serve different purposes in the markup. We'll run through
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the basics here to make sure we're on the same page when
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we refer to SGML semantics.
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</para>
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<para>
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The basic currency of SGML is the
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<firstterm>tag</firstterm>. A simple tag consists of a
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pair of angle brackets and the name of the tag. For
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example, the <sgmltag>para</sgmltag> tag would appear in
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an SGML document as <sgmltag
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class="starttag">para</sgmltag>. This start tag indicates
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that the immediately following text should be classified
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according to the tag. In regular SGML, each opening tag
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must have a matching end tag to show where the start tag's
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contents end. End tags begin with
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<quote><literal></</literal></quote> markup, e.g.,
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<sgmltag class="endtag">para</sgmltag>.
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</para>
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<para>
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The combination of a start tag, contents, and an end tag
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is called an <firstterm>element</firstterm>. SGML
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elements can be nested inside of each other, or contain
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only text, or may be a combination of both text and other
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elements, although in most cases it is better to limit
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your elements to one or the other.
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</para>
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<para>
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The <acronym>XML</acronym> (<firstterm>eXtensible Markup
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Language</firstterm>) specification, a modern subset of
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the SGML specification, adds a so-called <firstterm>empty
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tag</firstterm>, for elements that contain no text
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content. The entire element is a single tag, ending with
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<quote><literal>/></literal></quote>, e.g.,
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<sgmltag><xref/></sgmltag>. However, use of this
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tag style restricts you to XML DocBook processing, and
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your document may no longer compile with SGML-only
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processing systems.
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</para>
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<!-- *** Note: We could normally use the "emptytag"
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attribute for XML empty tags, but that's only a recent
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addition, and we don't want to screw up documents
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generated against older stylesheets.
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*** -->
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<para>
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Often a processing system will need more information about
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an element than you can provide with just tags. SGML
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allows you to add extra <quote>hints</quote> in the form
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of SGML <firstterm>attributes</firstterm> to pass along
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this information. The most common use of attributes in
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DocBook is giving specific elements a name, or an ID, so
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you can refer to it from elsewhere. This ID can be used
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for many things, including file-naming for HTML output,
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hyper-linking to specific parts of the document, and even
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pulling text from that element (see the <sgmltag
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class="starttag">xref</sgmltag> tag).
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</para>
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<para>
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An SGML attribute appears inside the start tag, between
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the < and > brackets. For example, if you wanted to
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set the <sgmltag class="attribute">id</sgmltag> attribute
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of the <sgmltag class="starttag">book</sgmltag> element to
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<quote>mybook</quote>, you would create a start tag like
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this: <programlisting><book id="mybook"></programlisting>
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</para>
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<para>
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Notice that the contents of the attribute are enclosed in
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quote marks. These quotes are optional in SGML, but
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mandatory in XML. It's a good habit to use quotes, as it
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will make it much easier to migrate your documents to an
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XML processing system later on.
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</para>
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<para>
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You can also specify more than one attribute in a single
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tag: <programlisting><book id="mybook" status="draft"></programlisting>
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</para>
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<para>
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Another commonly used type of SGML markup is the
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<firstterm>entity</firstterm>. An entity lets you
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associate a block of text with a name. You declare the
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entity once, at the beginning of your document, and can
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invoke it as many times as you like throughout the
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document. You can use entities as shorthand, or to make
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it easier to maintain certain phrases in a central
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location, or even to insert the contents of an entire file
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into your document.
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</para>
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<para>
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An entity in your document is always surrounded by the
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<quote>&</quote> and <quote>;</quote> characters. One
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entity you'll need sooner or later is the one for the
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<quote><</quote> character. Since SGML expects all
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tags to begin with a <quote><</quote>, the
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<quote><</quote> is a reserved character. To use it in
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your document (as I am doing here), you must insert it
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with the <literal>&lt;</literal> entity. Each time
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the SGML processor encounters <literal>&lt;</literal>,
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it will place a literal <quote><</quote> in the output
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document. Similarly you must use the <literal>&gt;</literal>
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and <literal>&amp;</literal> entities for the
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<quote>></quote> and <quote>&</quote> characters.
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</para>
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<para>
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The final term you'll need to know when writing simple
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DocBook documents is the <acronym>DTD</acronym>
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(<firstterm>Document Type Declaration</firstterm>). The
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DTD defines the flavor of SGML a given document is written
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in. It lists all the legal tag names, like <sgmltag
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class="starttag">book</sgmltag>, <sgmltag
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class="starttag">para</sgmltag>, and so on, and declares
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how those tags are allowed to be used together. For
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example, it doesn't make sense to put a <sgmltag
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class="starttag">book</sgmltag> element inside a <sgmltag
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class="starttag">para</sgmltag> paragraph element -- only
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the reverse.
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</para>
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<para>
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The DTD thus defines the legal structure of the document.
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It also declares which attributes can be used with which
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tags. The SGML processing system can use the DTD to make
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sure the document is laid out properly before attempting
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to process it. SGML-aware text editors like <link
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linkend="emacs-psgml">Emacs</link> can also use the DTD to
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guide you while you write, offering you choices about
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which tags you can add in different places in the
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document, and beeping at you when you try to add a tag
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where it doesn't belong.
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</para>
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<para>
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Generally, you will declare which DTD you want to use as
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the first line of your SGML document. In the case of
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DocBook, you will use something like this:
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<programlisting><!doctype book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD
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DocBook V3.1//EN" []> <book> ...
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</book></programlisting>
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</para>
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<para>
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Note that you must specify your toplevel element inside
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the doctype declaration. If you were writing an article
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rather than a book, you might use this declaration instead:
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<programlisting><!doctype article PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V3.1//EN" []>
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<article>
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...
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</article></programlisting>
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</para>
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</sect3>
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<sect3 id="sgml-document">
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<title>The Document</title>
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<para>
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Once you're comfortable with SGML, creating a DocBook
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document is quite simple and straightforward. Even
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though DocBook contains over 300 different tags, you can
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usually get by with only a small subset of those tags.
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Most of them are for inline formatting, rather than for
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document structuring. Furthermore, the common tags have
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short, intuitive names.
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</para>
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<para>
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Below is a (completely nonsensical) example to illustrate
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how a simple document might be laid out. Notice that all
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<sgmltag class="starttag">chapter</sgmltag> and <sgmltag
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class="starttag">sect1</sgmltag> elements have <sgmltag
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class="attribute">id</sgmltag> attributes. This is not
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mandatory, but is a good habit to get into, as DocBook is
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commonly converted into HTML, with a separate generated
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file for each <sgmltag class="starttag">book</sgmltag>,
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<sgmltag class="starttag">chapter</sgmltag>, and/or <sgmltag
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class="starttag">sect1</sgmltag> element. If the given
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element has an <sgmltag class="attribute">id</sgmltag>
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attribute, the processor will typically name the file
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accordingly. Thus, the below document might result in
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<filename>index.html</filename>,
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<filename>chapter-one.html</filename>,
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<filename>blobs.html</filename>, and so on.
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</para>
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<para>
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Also notice the text marked off with <quote><!--
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</quote> and <quote> --></quote> characters. These
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denote SGML comments. SGML processors will completely
|
|
ignore anything between these markers, similar to
|
|
<quote>/*</quote> and <quote>*/</quote> comments in C
|
|
source code.
|
|
</para>
|
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<!-- Encase the following SGML excerpt inside a CDATA
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block so we don't have to bother converting all
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|
brackets to entities
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-->
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<programlisting>
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<![CDATA[
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<!doctype book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V3.1//EN" []>
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<book id="index">
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<bookinfo>
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|
<title>A Poet's Guide to Nonsense</title>
|
|
</bookinfo>
|
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<chapter id="chapter-one">
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<title>Blobs and Gribbles</title>
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|
<!-- This section contains only one major topic -->
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<sect1 id="blobs">
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<title>The Story Behind Blobs</title>
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<para>
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|
Blobs are often mistaken for ice cubes and rain
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|
puddles...
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</para>
|
|
</sect1>
|
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|
<!-- This section contains embedded sub-sections -->
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<sect1 id="gribbles">
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<title>Your Friend the Gribble</title>
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|
<para>
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|
A Gribble is a cute, unassuming little fellow...
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</para>
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|
<sect2 id="gribble-temperament">
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<title>Gribble Temperament</title>
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|
<para>
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|
When left without food for several days...
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|
</para>
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</sect2>
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|
|
<sect2 id="gribble-appearance">
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|
<title>Gribble Appearance</title>
|
|
<para>
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|
Most Gribbles have a shock of white fur running from...
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</para>
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|
</sect2>
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|
</sect1>
|
|
</chapter>
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|
|
<chapter id="chapter-two">
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|
<title>Phantasmagoria</title>
|
|
|
|
<sect1 id="dretch-pools">
|
|
<title>Dretch Pools</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>
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|
When most poets think of Dretch Pools, they tend to...
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|
</para>
|
|
</sect>
|
|
</chapter>
|
|
</book>
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|
]]>
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|
</programlisting>
|
|
</sect3>
|
|
|
|
<sect3>
|
|
<title>Common Elements</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Once you get used to the syntax of SGML, the next hurdle
|
|
in writing DocBook documentation is to learn the many
|
|
DocBook-specific tag names, and when to use them. DocBook
|
|
was created for technical documentation, and as such, the
|
|
tag names and document structure are slanted towards the
|
|
needs of such documentation.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To cover its target audience, DocBook declares a wide
|
|
variety of specialized tags, including tags for formatting
|
|
source code (with somewhat of a C/C++ bias), computer
|
|
prompts, GUI application features, keystrokes, and so on.
|
|
DocBook also includes tags for universal formatting needs,
|
|
like headers, footnotes, tables, and graphics.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
We won't cover all of these elements here (over 300
|
|
DocBook tags exist!), but we will cover the basics. To
|
|
learn more about the other tags, check out the official
|
|
DocBook guide, at <ulink
|
|
url="http://docbook.org">http://docbook.org</ulink>. To
|
|
see how they are used in practice, download the SGML
|
|
source for this manual (the Wine Developer Guide) and
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|
browse through it, comparing it to the generated HTML (or
|
|
PostScript or PDF).
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|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
There are often many correct ways to mark up a given piece
|
|
of text, and you may have to make guesses about which tag
|
|
to use. Sometimes you'll have to make compromises.
|
|
However, remember that it is possible to further <link
|
|
linkend="docbook-tweaking">customize the output</link> of
|
|
the SGML processors. If you don't like the way a certain
|
|
tag looks in HTML, that doesn't mean you should choose a
|
|
different tag based on its output formatting. The
|
|
processing stylesheets can be altered to fix the
|
|
formatting of that same tag everywhere in the document
|
|
(not just in the place you're working on). For example,
|
|
if you're frustrated that the <sgmltag
|
|
class="starttag">systemitem</sgmltag> tag doesn't produce
|
|
any formatting by default, you should fix the stylesheets,
|
|
not change the valid <sgmltag
|
|
class="starttag">systemitem</sgmltag> tag to, for example,
|
|
an <sgmltag class="starttag">emphasis</sgmltag> tag.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Here are the common SGML elements:
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
<title>Structural Elements</title>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><sgmltag class="starttag">book</sgmltag></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The book is the most common toplevel element, and is
|
|
probably the one you should use for your document.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><sgmltag class="starttag">set</sgmltag></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If you want to group more than one book into a
|
|
single unit, you can place them all inside a set.
|
|
This is useful when you want to bundle up
|
|
documentation in alternate ways. We do this with
|
|
the Wine documentation, using a <sgmltag
|
|
class="starttag">set</sgmltag> to put everything
|
|
into a single directory (see
|
|
<filename>documentation/wine-doc.sgml</filename>),
|
|
and a <sgmltag class="starttag">book</sgmltag> to
|
|
put each Wine guide into a separate directory (see
|
|
<filename>documentation/wine-devel.sgml</filename>,
|
|
etc.).
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><sgmltag class="starttag">chapter</sgmltag></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
A <sgmltag class="starttag">chapter</sgmltag>
|
|
element includes a single entire chapter of the
|
|
book.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><sgmltag class="starttag">part</sgmltag></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If the chapters in your book fall into major
|
|
categories or groupings (as in the Wine Developer
|
|
Guide), you can place each collection of chapters
|
|
into a <sgmltag class="starttag">part</sgmltag>
|
|
element.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><sgmltag class="starttag">sect?</sgmltag></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
DocBook has many section elements to divide the
|
|
contents of a chapter into smaller chunks. The
|
|
encouraged approach is to use the numbered section
|
|
tags, <sgmltag class="starttag">sect1</sgmltag>,
|
|
<sgmltag class="starttag">sect2</sgmltag>, <sgmltag
|
|
class="starttag">sect3</sgmltag>, <sgmltag
|
|
class="starttag">sect4</sgmltag>, and <sgmltag
|
|
class="starttag">sect5</sgmltag> (if necessary).
|
|
These tags must be nested in order: you can't place
|
|
a <sgmltag class="starttag">sect3</sgmltag> directly
|
|
inside a <sgmltag class="starttag">sect1</sgmltag>.
|
|
You have to nest the <sgmltag
|
|
class="starttag">sect3</sgmltag> inside a <sgmltag
|
|
class="starttag">sect2</sgmltag>, and so forth.
|
|
Documents with these explicit section groupings are
|
|
easier for SGML processors to deal with, and lead to
|
|
better organized documents. DocBook also supplies a
|
|
<sgmltag class="starttag">section</sgmltag> element
|
|
which you can nest inside itself, but its use is
|
|
discouraged in favor of the numbered section tags.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><sgmltag class="starttag">title</sgmltag></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The title of a book, chapter, part, section, etc.
|
|
In most of the major structural elements, like
|
|
<sgmltag class="starttag">chapter</sgmltag>,
|
|
<sgmltag class="starttag">part</sgmltag>, and the
|
|
various section tags, <sgmltag
|
|
class="starttag">title</sgmltag> is mandatory. In
|
|
other elements like <sgmltag
|
|
class="starttag">book</sgmltag> and <sgmltag
|
|
class="starttag">note</sgmltag>, it's optional.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><sgmltag class="starttag">para</sgmltag></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The basic unit of text is the paragraph, represented
|
|
by the <sgmltag class="starttag">para</sgmltag> tag.
|
|
This is probably the tag you'll use most often. In
|
|
fact, in a simple document, you can probably get
|
|
away with using only <sgmltag
|
|
class="starttag">book</sgmltag>, <sgmltag
|
|
class="starttag">chapter</sgmltag>, <sgmltag
|
|
class="starttag">title</sgmltag>, and <sgmltag
|
|
class="starttag">para</sgmltag>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><sgmltag class="starttag">article</sgmltag></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
For shorter, more targeted documents, like topic
|
|
pieces and whitepapers, you can use <sgmltag
|
|
class="starttag">article</sgmltag> as your toplevel
|
|
element.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
<title>Inline Formatting Elements</title>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><sgmltag class="starttag">filename</sgmltag></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The name of a file. You can optionally set the
|
|
<sgmltag class="attribute">class</sgmltag> attribute
|
|
to <literal>Directory</literal>,
|
|
<literal>HeaderFile</literal>, and
|
|
<literal>SymLink</literal> to further classify the
|
|
filename.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><sgmltag class="starttag">userinput</sgmltag></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Literal text entered by the user.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><sgmltag class="starttag">computeroutput</sgmltag></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Literal text output by the computer.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><sgmltag class="starttag">literal</sgmltag></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
A catch-all element for literal computer data. Its
|
|
use is somewhat vague; try to use a more specific
|
|
tag if possible, like <sgmltag
|
|
class="starttag">userinput</sgmltag> or <sgmltag
|
|
class="starttag">computeroutput</sgmltag>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><sgmltag class="starttag">quote</sgmltag></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
An inline quotation. This tag typically inserts
|
|
quotation marks for you, so you would write <sgmltag
|
|
class="starttag">quote</sgmltag>This is a
|
|
quote<sgmltag class="endtag">quote</sgmltag> rather
|
|
than "This is a quote". This usage may be a little
|
|
bulkier, but it does allow for automated formatting
|
|
of all quoted material in the document. Thus, if
|
|
you wanted all quotations to appear in italic, you
|
|
could make the change once in your stylesheet,
|
|
rather than doing a search and replace throughout
|
|
the document. For larger chunks of quoted text, you
|
|
can use <sgmltag
|
|
class="starttag">blockquote</sgmltag>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><sgmltag class="starttag">note</sgmltag></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Insert a side note for the reader. By default, the
|
|
SGML processor usually prefixes the content with
|
|
"Note:". You can change this text by adding a
|
|
<sgmltag class="starttag">title</sgmltag> element.
|
|
Thus, to add a visible FIXME comment to the
|
|
documentation, you might write:
|
|
</para>
|
|
<programlisting>
|
|
<![CDATA[
|
|
<note>
|
|
<title>FIXME</title>
|
|
<para>This section needs more info about...</para>
|
|
</note>
|
|
]]></programlisting>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The results will look something like this:
|
|
</para>
|
|
<note>
|
|
<title>FIXME</title>
|
|
<para>This section needs more info about...</para>
|
|
</note>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><sgmltag class="starttag">sgmltag</sgmltag></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Used for inserting SGML tags, etc., into a SGML
|
|
document without resorting to a lot of entity
|
|
quoting, e.g., &lt;. You can change the
|
|
appearance of the text with the <sgmltag
|
|
class="attribute">class</sgmltag> attribute. Some
|
|
common values of this are
|
|
<literal>starttag</literal>,
|
|
<literal>endtag</literal>,
|
|
<literal>attribute</literal>,
|
|
<literal>attvalue</literal>, and even
|
|
<literal>sgmlcomment</literal>. See this SGML file,
|
|
<filename>documentation/documentation.sgml</filename>,
|
|
for examples.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><sgmltag class="starttag">prompt</sgmltag></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The text used for a computer prompt, for example a
|
|
shell prompt, or command-line application prompt.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><sgmltag class="starttag">replaceable</sgmltag></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Meta-text that should be replaced by the user, not
|
|
typed in literally, e.g., in command descriptions
|
|
and <parameter>--help</parameter> outputs.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><sgmltag class="starttag">constant</sgmltag></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
A programming constant, e.g.,
|
|
<constant>MAX_PATH</constant>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><sgmltag class="starttag">symbol</sgmltag></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
A symbolic value replaced, for example, by a
|
|
pre-processor. This applies primarily to C macros,
|
|
but may have other uses. Use the <sgmltag
|
|
class="starttag">constant</sgmltag> tag instead of
|
|
<sgmltag class="starttag">symbol</sgmltag> where
|
|
appropriate.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><sgmltag class="starttag">function</sgmltag></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
A programming function name.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><sgmltag class="starttag">parameter</sgmltag></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Programming language parameters you pass with a
|
|
function.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><sgmltag class="starttag">option</sgmltag></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Parameters you pass to a command-line executable.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><sgmltag class="starttag">varname</sgmltag></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Variable name, typically in a programming language.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><sgmltag class="starttag">type</sgmltag></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Programming language types, e.g., from a typedef
|
|
definition. May have other uses, too.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><sgmltag class="starttag">structname</sgmltag></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The name of a C-language <type>struct</type>
|
|
declaration, e.g., <structname>sockaddr</structname>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><sgmltag class="starttag">structfield</sgmltag></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
A field inside a C <type>struct</type>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><sgmltag class="starttag">command</sgmltag></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
An executable binary, e.g., <command>wine</command>
|
|
or <command>ls</command>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><sgmltag class="starttag">envar</sgmltag></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
An environment variable, e.g, <envar>$PATH</envar>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><sgmltag class="starttag">systemitem</sgmltag></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
A generic catch-all for system-related things, like
|
|
OS names, computer names, system resources, etc.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><sgmltag class="starttag">email</sgmltag></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
An email address. The SGML processor will typically
|
|
add extra formatting characters, and even a
|
|
<literal>mailto:</literal> link for HTML pages.
|
|
Usage: <sgmltag
|
|
class="starttag">email</sgmltag>user@host.com<sgmltag
|
|
class="endtag">email</sgmltag>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><sgmltag class="starttag">firstterm</sgmltag></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Special emphasis for introducing a new term. Can
|
|
also be linked to a <sgmltag
|
|
class="starttag">glossary</sgmltag> entry, if
|
|
desired.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
<title>Item Listing Elements</title>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><sgmltag class="starttag">itemizedlist</sgmltag></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
For bulleted lists, no numbering. You can tweak the
|
|
layout with SGML attributes.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><sgmltag class="starttag">orderedlist</sgmltag></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
A numbered list; the SGML processor will insert the
|
|
numbers for you. You can suggest numbering styles
|
|
with the <sgmltag
|
|
class="attribute">numeration</sgmltag> attribute.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><sgmltag class="starttag">simplelist</sgmltag></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
A very simple list of items, often inlined. Control
|
|
the layout with the <sgmltag
|
|
class="attribute">type</sgmltag> attribute.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><sgmltag class="starttag">variablelist</sgmltag></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
A list of terms with definitions or descriptions,
|
|
like this very list!
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
<title>Block Text Quoting Elements</title>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><sgmltag class="starttag">programlisting</sgmltag></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Quote a block of source code. Typically highlighted
|
|
in the output and set off from normal text.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><sgmltag class="starttag">screen</sgmltag></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Quote a block of visible computer output, like the
|
|
output of a command or chunks of debug logs.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
<title>Hyperlink Elements</title>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><sgmltag class="starttag">link</sgmltag></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Generic hypertext link, used for pointing to other
|
|
sections within the current document. You supply
|
|
the visible text for the link, plus the name of the <sgmltag
|
|
class="attribute">id</sgmltag> attribute of the
|
|
element that you want to link to. For example:
|
|
<programlisting><link linkend="configuring-wine">the section on configuring wine</link>
|
|
...
|
|
<sect2 id="configuring-wine">
|
|
...</programlisting>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><sgmltag class="starttag">xref</sgmltag></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
In-document hyperlink that can generate its own
|
|
text. Similar to the <sgmltag
|
|
class="starttag">link</sgmltag> tag, you use the
|
|
<sgmltag class="attribute">linkend</sgmltag>
|
|
attribute to specify which target element you want
|
|
to jump to:
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<programlisting><xref linkend="configuring-wine">
|
|
...
|
|
<sect2 id="configuring-wine">
|
|
...</programlisting>
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
By default, most SGML processors will autogenerate
|
|
some generic text for the <sgmltag
|
|
class="starttag">xref</sgmltag> link, like
|
|
<quote>Section 2.3.1</quote>. You can use the
|
|
<sgmltag class="attribute">endterm</sgmltag>
|
|
attribute to grab the visible text content of the
|
|
hyperlink from another element:
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<programlisting><xref linkend="configuring-wine" endterm="config-title">
|
|
...
|
|
<sect2 id="configuring-wine">
|
|
<title id="config-title">Configuring Wine</title>
|
|
...</programlisting>
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
This would create a link to the
|
|
<symbol>configuring-wine</symbol> element,
|
|
displaying the text of the
|
|
<symbol>config-title</symbol> element for the
|
|
hyperlink. Most often, you'll add an <sgmltag
|
|
class="attribute">id</sgmltag> attribute to the
|
|
<sgmltag class="starttag">title</sgmltag> of the
|
|
section you're linking to, as above, in which case
|
|
the SGML processor will use the target's title text
|
|
for the link text.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Alternatively, you can use an <sgmltag
|
|
class="attribute">xreflabel</sgmltag> attribute in
|
|
the target element tag to specify the link text:
|
|
</para>
|
|
<programlisting><sect1 id="configuring-wine" xreflabel="Configuring Wine"></programlisting>
|
|
<note>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<sgmltag class="starttag">xref</sgmltag> is an
|
|
empty element. You don't need a closing tag for
|
|
it (this is defined in the DTD). In SGML
|
|
documents, you should use the form <sgmltag
|
|
class="starttag">xref</sgmltag>, while in XML
|
|
documents you should use
|
|
<sgmltag><xref/></sgmltag>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</note>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><sgmltag class="starttag">anchor</sgmltag></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
An invisible tag, used for inserting <sgmltag
|
|
class="attribute">id</sgmltag> attributes into a
|
|
document to link to arbitrary places (i.e., when
|
|
it's not close enough to link to the top of an
|
|
element).
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><sgmltag class="starttag">ulink</sgmltag></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Hyperlink in URL form, e.g., <ulink
|
|
url="http://www.winehq.com">http://www.winehq.com</ulink>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><sgmltag class="starttag">olink</sgmltag></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Indirect hyperlink; can be used for linking to
|
|
external documents. Not often used in practice.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
</sect3>
|
|
|
|
<sect3>
|
|
<title>Multiple SGML files</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
How to split an SGML document into multiple files...
|
|
</para>
|
|
</sect3>
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
|
|
<sect2 id="sgml-environment">
|
|
<title>The SGML Environment</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
You can write SGML/DocBook documents in any text editor you
|
|
might find (although as we'll find in <xref
|
|
linkend="emacs-psgml">, some editors are more friendly for
|
|
this task than others). However, if you want to convert
|
|
those documents into a more friendly form for reading, such
|
|
as HTML, PostScript, or PDF, you will need a working SGML
|
|
environment. This section attempts to lay out the various
|
|
SGML rendering systems, and how they are set up on the
|
|
popular Linux distributions.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<sect3>
|
|
<title>DSSSL Environment</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Explain tools and methodologies..
|
|
</para>
|
|
</sect3>
|
|
|
|
<sect3>
|
|
<title>XSLT Environment</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Explain tools and methodologies...
|
|
</para>
|
|
</sect3>
|
|
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
|
|
<sect2 id="emacs-psgml">
|
|
<title>PSGML Mode in Emacs</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Although you can write SGML documentation in any simple text
|
|
editor, some editors provide extra support for entering SGML
|
|
tags, and for verifying that the SGML you create is valid.
|
|
SGML has been around for a long time, and many commercial
|
|
editors exist for it; however, until recently open source
|
|
SGML editors have been scarce.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<note>
|
|
<title>FIXME</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
List the available commercial and open source SGML
|
|
editors.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</note>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The most commonly used open source SGML editor is Emacs,
|
|
with the PSGML <firstterm>mode</firstterm>, or extension.
|
|
Emacs does not supply a GUI or WYSIWYG (What You See Is What
|
|
You Get) interface, but it does provide many helpful
|
|
shortcuts for creating SGML, as well as automatic
|
|
formatting, validity checking, and the ability to create
|
|
your own macros to simplify complex, repetitive actions.
|
|
We'll touch briefly on each of these points.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The first thing you need is a working installation of Emacs
|
|
(or XEmacs), with the PSGML package. Most Linux
|
|
distributions provide both as easy-to-install packages.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Next, you'll need a working SGML environment. See <xref
|
|
linkend="sgml-environment"> for more info on setting that
|
|
up.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
|
|
<sect2 id="docbook-build">
|
|
<title>The DocBook Build System</title>
|
|
|
|
<sect3 id="docbook-infrastructure">
|
|
<title>Basic Infrastructure</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
How the build/make system works (makefiles, db2html,
|
|
db2html-winehq, jade, stylesheets).
|
|
</para>
|
|
</sect3>
|
|
|
|
<sect3 id="docbook-tweaking">
|
|
<title>Tweaking the DSSSL stylesheets</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Things you can tweak, and how to do it (examples from
|
|
default.dsl and winehq.dsl).
|
|
</para>
|
|
</sect3>
|
|
|
|
<sect3 id="docbook-generating">
|
|
<title>Generating docs for Wine web sites</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Explain make_winehq, rsync, etc.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</sect3>
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
</chapter>
|
|
|
|
<!-- Keep this comment at the end of the file
|
|
Local variables:
|
|
mode: sgml
|
|
sgml-parent-document:("wine-doc.sgml" "set" "book" "part" "chapter" "")
|
|
End:
|
|
-->
|