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695 lines
26 KiB
Text
695 lines
26 KiB
Text
<chapter id="getting-wine">
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<title>Getting Wine</title>
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<para>
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If you decided that you can use and want to use Wine (e.g. after
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having read the <link linkend="introduction">introductory
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chapter</link>), then as a first step you need to find a good
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compatible Wine version that you like and that works on your
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system, and after you found one, the next step is to transfer its
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files to your system somehow.
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This chapter is here to tell you what you need to take care of
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in order to successfully accomplish these two steps.
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</para>
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<sect1 id="getting-download">
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<title>How to download Wine?</title>
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<para>
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There are three different methods of how the files
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belonging to Wine may be brought (downloaded) to your system:
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Getting a single Wine <glossterm>package</glossterm> file
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(specifically adapted to your particular system), which
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contains various <glossterm>binary</glossterm> files of Wine
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Getting a single compressed archive file (usually .tar.gz), which contains
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all <glossterm>source code</glossterm> files of a standard Wine
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release version
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Downloading from a <glossterm>CVS</glossterm> server,
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which contains the very latest development source code files
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of Wine
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</para>
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<sect2 id="getting-which-wine">
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<title>Which Wine form should I pick?</title>
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<para>
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Now that we told you about the different Wine distribution
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methods available, let's discuss the advantages and
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disadvantages of the various methods.
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</para>
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<variablelist>
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<title>Wine distribution methods</title>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis>Wine package file</emphasis></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Intended user level: Beginner to Advanced
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</para>
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<para>
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Using Wine package files is easy for three
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reasons:
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They install everything else that's needed for their
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operation, they usually preconfigure a lot, and you
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don't need to worry about compiling anything or so.
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However, the Wine Team doesn't have "official" packages.
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All Wine packages are being offered by external groups,
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with often slightly inaccurate or quite inaccurate Wine
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environment setup.
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Also, a package you downloaded might turn out to be
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partially incompatible with your particular system
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configuration.
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Thus it might actually be <emphasis>better</emphasis>
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to compile Wine from source and completely install it
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on your own, by following the instructions in this
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Guide.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis>Wine source code via archive file</emphasis></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Intended user level: Advanced to Expert
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</para>
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<para>
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A Wine source code archive file can be used
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if you want to compile your own standard Wine release.
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By using differential patch files to newer Wine versions,
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you can easily upgrade your outdated Wine directory.
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However, as you need to manually download patch files
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and you're only able to download the most current
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standard Wine release, this is not necessarily the
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best method to use.
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The only advantage a Wine source archive has is that it
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is a standard Wine release with less development
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"quirks" than current CVS code. Except for that, CVS
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source code is much preferred and almost as easy.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis>Wine source code via CVS checkout</emphasis></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Intended user level: Advanced to Expert/Developer
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</para>
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<para>
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The Wine CVS checkout offers the best way to take
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part in bleeding edge Wine capabilities and
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development, since you'll be able to download every
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single CVS commit even <emphasis>beyond</emphasis> the
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last official Wine release.
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As upgrading a Wine CVS checkout tree to the latest
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version is very easy, this is a recommended method
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of installing Wine.
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Plus, by carefully following the instructions in this
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Guide, you'll be able to gain the very best Wine
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environment compatibility (instead of falling victim
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to package maintainers who fail to follow some
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instructions in the Wine Packagers Guide).
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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<para>
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To summarize, the "best" way to install Wine is to download
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Wine source code via CVS to get the newest code (which might
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be unstable!). Then you could easily compile and install the
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Wine files manually. The final configuration part (writing the
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configuration file and setting up the drive environment) could then
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be handled by WineSetupTk. All in all the best way to go,
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except for the about 500MB of disk space that you'll need.
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</para>
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<para>
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With source code archive files, you have the advantage that you're
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running standard release versions, plus you can update to
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newer versions via patch files that we release.
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You won't have the newest code and the flexibility offered by CVS,
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though.
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</para>
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<para>
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About binary package files: not sure. There's about a zillion
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reasons to not like them as much as you'd think: they may be
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outdated, they may not include "everything", they are
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<emphasis>not</emphasis> optimized for your particular
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environment (as opposed to a source compile, which would guess
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and set everything based on your system), they frequently fail
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to provide a completely configured Wine environment.
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On the plus side: they're pretty easy to install and they
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don't take as much space as a full-blown source code compile.
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But that's about it when it comes to their advantages.
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So I'd say they are OK if you want to have a
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<emphasis>quick</emphasis> way to have a test run of Wine, but
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for prolonged Wine use, configuring the environment on your
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own is probably better.
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Eventually this will change (we'll probably do some packaging
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efforts on our own at some time), but at the current explosive
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rate of Wine development, staying as close as possible to the
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actual Wine development that's going on is the way to go.
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</para>
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<para>
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If you are running a distribution of Linux or some other
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system that uses packages to keep track of installed software,
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you should be in luck: A prepackaged version of Wine
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should already exist for your system.
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The following sections will tell you how to find the latest
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Wine packages and get them installed. You should be careful,
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though, about mixing system packages between different distributions,
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and even from different versions of the same distribution.
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Often a package will only work on the distribution which it
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has been compiled for. We'll cover
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<link linkend="getting-dist-debian">Debian Linux</link>,
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<link linkend="getting-dist-redhat">Red Hat Linux</link>,
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<link linkend="getting-freebsd">FreeBSD</link>, and
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<link linkend="getting-other">other</link> distributions.
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</para>
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<para>
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If you're not lucky enough to have a package available for
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your operating system, or if you'd prefer a newer version of
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Wine than already exists as a package, you will need to
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download the Wine source code and compile it yourself on your
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own machine. Don't worry, it's not too hard to do this,
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especially with the many helpful tools that come with Wine.
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You don't need any programming experience to compile and
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install Wine, although it might be nice to have some minor
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UNIX administrative skills. Working from the source is
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covered in the Wine Developer's Guide.
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The main problem with externally maintained package files is
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that they lack a standard configuration method, and in fact
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they often fail to configure Wine's Windows environment
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properly (which is outlined in the Wine Packagers Guide).
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</para>
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</sect2>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 id="getting-wine-package">
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<title>Getting a Wine package</title>
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<sect2 id="getting-dist-debian">
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<title>Debian Linux</title>
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<para>
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In most cases on a Debian system (or any other distribution that
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uses packages that use the file name ending .deb, for that
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matter), you can download and install Wine with a
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single command, as <glossterm>root</glossterm>:
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</para>
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<screen>
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<prompt># </><userinput>apt-get install wine</>
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</screen>
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<para>
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<command>apt-get</command> will connect to a Debian archive
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across the Internet (thus, you must be online), then download
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the Wine package and install it on your system. End of story.
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You might first need to properly update your package setup,
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though, by using an <glossterm>editor</glossterm> as
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<glossterm>root</glossterm> to add an entry to
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<filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename> to point to an active
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package server and then running <command>apt-get
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update</command>.
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</para>
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<para>
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Once you're done with that step, you may skip the Wine
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installation chapter, since apt-get has not only downloaded,
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but also installed the Wine files already.
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Thus you can now go directly to the <link
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linkend="config-wine-main">Configuration section</link>.
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</para>
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<para>
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However, if you don't want to or cannot use the automatic
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download method for .deb packages that
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<command>apt-get</command> provides, then please read on.
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</para>
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<para>
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Of course, Debian's pre-packaged version of Wine may not be
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the most recent release. If you are running the stable
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version of Debian, you may be able to get a slightly newer
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version of Wine by grabbing the package from the so-called
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"unstable" Debian distribution, although this may be a little
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risky, depending on how far the unstable distribution has
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diverged from the stable one. You can find a list of Wine
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binary packages for the various Debian releases using the
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package search engine at <ulink
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url="http://www.debian.org">www.debian.org</ulink>.
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</para>
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<para>
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If you downloaded a separate .deb package file (e.g. a newer
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Wine release as stated above) that's not part of your
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distribution and thus cannot be installed via
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<command>apt-get</command>, you must use <command>dpkg</command> instead.
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For instructions on how to do this, please proceed to the
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<link linkend="installing">Installation section</link>.
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</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 id="getting-dist-redhat">
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<title>Red Hat Linux</title>
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<para>
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Red Hat users can use the
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<ulink url="http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=6241">
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sourceforge.net Wine page</ulink> to get the RPM most suitable for
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their system.
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</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 id="getting-freebsd">
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<title>FreeBSD</title>
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<para>
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In order to use Wine you need to build and install a new kernel
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with options USER_LDT, SYSVSHM, SYSVSEM, and SYSVMSG.
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</para>
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<para>
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If you want to install Wine using the FreeBSD port system, run
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in a <glossterm>terminal</glossterm>:
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</para>
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<screen>
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<prompt>$ </><userinput>su -</>
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<prompt># </><userinput>cd /usr/port/emulators/</>
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<prompt># </><userinput>make</>
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<prompt># </><userinput>make install</>
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<prompt># </><userinput>make clean</>
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</screen>
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<para>
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This process will get wine source from the Internet,
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then download the Wine package and install it on your system.
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</para>
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<para>
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If you want to install Wine from the FreeBSD CD-ROM, run in a
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<glossterm>terminal</glossterm>:
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</para>
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<screen>
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<prompt>$ </><userinput>su -</>
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<prompt># </><userinput>mount /cdrom</>
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<prompt># </><userinput>cd /cdrom/packages/All</>
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<prompt># </><userinput>pkg_add wine_.X.X.X.tgz</>
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</screen>
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<para>
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</para>
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<para>
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These FreeBSD install instructions completely install the
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Wine files on your system; you may then proceed to the <link
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linkend="config-wine-main">Configuration section</link>.
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</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 id="getting-other">
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<title>Other systems</title>
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<para>
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The first place you should look if your system isn't
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specifically mentioned above is the <ulink
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url="http://www.winehq.org/download/">WineHQ Download
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Page</ulink>. This page lists many assorted archives of
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binary (precompiled) Wine files.
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</para>
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<para>
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You could also try to use
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<ulink url="http://www.google.com/search?q=wine+package+download">
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Google</ulink> to track down miscellaneous distribution packages.
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</para>
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<note>
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<para>
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If you are running a Mandrake system, please see the page
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on how to get Wine for a
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<link linkend="getting-dist-redhat">Red Hat</link> system,
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as Mandrake is based on Red Hat.
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</para>
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</note>
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</sect2>
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<!-- *** Add other distributions, e.g., SuSE, Slackware *** -->
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</sect1>
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<sect1 id="getting-wine-source">
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<title>Getting Wine source code</title>
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<para>
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If you are going to compile Wine (instead of installing binary
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Wine files), either to use the most recent code possible or to
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improve it, then the first thing to do is to obtain a copy of
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the source code. We'll cover how to retrieve and compile the
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official source releases from the <link
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linkend="getting-source-ftp">FTP archives</link>, and also how
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to get the cutting edge up-to-the-minute fresh Wine source code
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from <link linkend="getting-source-cvs">CVS (Concurrent Versions
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System)</link>.
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</para>
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<para>
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Once you have downloaded Wine source code according to the
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instructions below, there are two ways to proceed: If you want
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to manually install and configure Wine, then go to the <link
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linkend="compiling">Compiling</link> section. If instead you
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want automatic installation, then go straight to the <link
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linkend="config-wine-main">Configuration section</link> to make
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use of <command>wineinstall</command> to automatically install
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and configure Wine.
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</para>
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<para>
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You may also need to know how to apply a source code patch to
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your version of Wine. Perhaps you've uncovered
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a bug in Wine, reported it to the
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<ulink url="http://bugs.winehq.org">Wine Bugzilla</ulink>
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or the
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<ulink url="mailto:wine-devel@winehq.org">Wine mailing list</ulink>,
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and received a patch from a developer to hopefully fix the
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bug. We will show you how to
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<link linkend="getting-upgrading-patch">safely apply the
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patch</link> and revert it if it doesn't work.
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</para>
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<sect2 id="getting-source-ftp">
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<title>Getting Wine Source Code from an FTP Archive</title>
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<para>
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The safest way to grab the source is from one of the official
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FTP archives. An up to date listing is in the <ulink
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url="http://www.winehq.org/source/ANNOUNCE">ANNOUNCE</ulink>
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file in the Wine distribution (which you would have if you
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already downloaded it). Here is a list
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of FTP servers carrying Wine:
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</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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<ulink url="ftp://ftp.ibiblio.org/pub/Linux/ALPHA/wine/development/">
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ftp://ftp.ibiblio.org/pub/Linux/ALPHA/wine/development/
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</ulink>
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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<ulink url="http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/wine/">
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http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/wine/
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</ulink>
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para>
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The official releases are tagged by date with the format
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"Wine-<replaceable>YYYYMMDD</>.tar.gz". Your best bet is to grab
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the latest one.
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</para>
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<para>
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I'd recommend placing the Wine archive file that you chose
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into the directory where you intend to extract Wine. In this
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case, let's just assume that it is your home directory.
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</para>
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<para>
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Once you have downloaded a Wine archive file, we need to
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extract the archive file. This is not very hard to do. First
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switch to the directory containing the file you just
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downloaded. Then extract the source in a
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<glossterm>terminal</glossterm> with (e.g.):
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<screen>
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<prompt>$ </><userinput>tar xvzf wine-<replaceable>20030115</>.tar.gz</>
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</screen>
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</para>
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<para>
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Just in case you happen to get a Wine archive that uses
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<filename>.tar.bz2</filename> extension instead of
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<filename>.tar.gz</filename>:
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Simply use <command>tar xvjf</command> in that case instead.
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</para>
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<para>
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Since you now have a fully working Wine source tree by
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having followed the steps above, you're now well-prepared to
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go to the Wine installation and configuration steps that follow.
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</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 id="getting-source-cvs">
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<title>Getting Wine Source Code from CVS</title>
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<!-- this part is sort of duplicated in cvs.sgml
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(this representation is meant to be a very short intro
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instead, but it's similar). Please don't forget to update both!
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-->
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<para>
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This part is intended to be quick and easy, showing the bare minimum
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of what is needed to download Wine source code via CVS.
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If you're interested in a very verbose explanation of CVS or
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advanced CVS topics (configuration settings, CVS mirror servers,
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other CVS modules on WineHQ, CVSWeb, ...), then please read
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the full CVS chapter in the Wine Developer's Guide.
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</para>
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<sect3>
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<title>CVS installation check</title>
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<para>
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First you need to make sure that you have <command>cvs</command>
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installed.
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To check whether this is the case, please run in a
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<glossterm>terminal</glossterm>:
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</para>
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<screen>
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<prompt>$ </><userinput>cvs</>
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</screen>
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<para>
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If this was successful, then you should have gotten a nice CVS
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"Usage" help output. Otherwise (e.g. an error "cvs: command
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not found") you still need to install a CVS package for your
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particular operating system, similar to the instructions given
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in the chapters for getting and installing a Wine package on
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various systems.
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</para>
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</sect3>
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<sect3>
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<title>Configuring Wine-specific CVS settings</title>
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<para>
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First, you should do a
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</para>
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<screen>
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<prompt>$ </><userinput>touch ~/.cvspass</>
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</screen>
|
|
<para>
|
|
to create or update the file <filename>.cvspass</filename> in
|
|
your home directory, since CVS needs this file (for password
|
|
and login management) and will complain loudly if it doesn't exist.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
Second, we need to create the file
|
|
<filename>.cvsrc</filename> in your home directory
|
|
containing the CVS configuration settings needed for a valid
|
|
Wine CVS setup (use CVS compression, properly update file and
|
|
directory information, ...).
|
|
The content of this file should look like the following:
|
|
<programlisting>
|
|
cvs -z 3
|
|
update -PAd
|
|
diff -u
|
|
checkout -P
|
|
</programlisting>
|
|
Create the file with an <glossterm>editor</glossterm>
|
|
of your choice, either by running
|
|
<screen>
|
|
<prompt>$ </><userinput><editor> ~/.cvsrc</>
|
|
</screen>
|
|
, where <editor> is the editor you want to use (e.g.
|
|
<command>joe</command>, <command>ae</command>,
|
|
<command>vi</command>),
|
|
or by creating the file <filename>.cvsrc</filename> in your
|
|
home directory with your favorite graphical editor like nedit, kedit,
|
|
gedit or others.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</sect3>
|
|
|
|
<sect3>
|
|
<title>Downloading the Wine CVS tree</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
Once CVS is installed and the Wine specific CVS
|
|
configuration is done, you can now do a login on our CVS
|
|
server and checkout (download) the Wine source code.
|
|
First, let's do the server login:
|
|
</para>
|
|
<screen>
|
|
<prompt>$ </><userinput>cvs -d :pserver:cvs@cvs.winehq.org:/home/wine login</>
|
|
</screen>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If <command>cvs</command> successfully connects to the CVS server,
|
|
then you will get a "CVS password:" prompt.
|
|
Simply enter "cvs" as the password (the password is
|
|
<emphasis>case sensitive</emphasis>: no capital letters!).
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
After login, we are able to download the Wine source code tree.
|
|
Please make sure that you are in the directory that you want
|
|
to have the Wine source code in (the Wine source code will
|
|
use the subdirectory <filename>wine/</filename> in this
|
|
directory, since the subdirectory is named after the CVS module
|
|
that we want to check out). We assume that your current directory
|
|
might be your user's home directory.
|
|
To download the Wine tree into the subdirectory <filename>wine/</filename>, run:
|
|
</para>
|
|
<screen>
|
|
<prompt>$ </><userinput>cvs -d :pserver:cvs@cvs.winehq.org:/home/wine checkout wine</>
|
|
</screen>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Downloading the CVS tree might take a while (some minutes
|
|
to few hours), depending on your connection speed.
|
|
Once the download is finished, you should keep a note of
|
|
which directory the newly downloaded
|
|
<filename>wine/</filename> directory is in, by running
|
|
<command>pwd</command> (Print Working Directory):
|
|
</para>
|
|
<screen>
|
|
<prompt>$ </><userinput>pwd</>
|
|
</screen>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Later, you will be able to change to this directory by
|
|
running:
|
|
</para>
|
|
<screen>
|
|
<prompt>$ </><userinput>cd <replaceable><some_dir></></>
|
|
</screen>
|
|
<para>
|
|
, where <some_dir> is the directory that
|
|
<command>pwd</command> gave you.
|
|
By running
|
|
</para>
|
|
<screen>
|
|
<prompt>$ </><userinput>cd wine</>
|
|
</screen>
|
|
<para>
|
|
, you can now change to the directory of the Wine CVS tree
|
|
you just downloaded. Since you now have a fully working Wine
|
|
source tree by having followed the steps above, you're now
|
|
well-prepared to go to the Wine installation and configuration
|
|
steps that follow.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</sect3>
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
|
|
<sect2 id="getting-updating-cvs">
|
|
<title>Updating the Wine CVS tree</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
After a while, you might want to update your Wine CVS tree to
|
|
the current version.
|
|
Before updating the Wine tree, it might also be a good idea
|
|
to run <command>make uninstall</command> as root in order to
|
|
uninstall the installation of the previous Wine version.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To proceed with updating Wine, simply <command>cd</command>
|
|
to the Wine CVS tree directory, then run:
|
|
</para>
|
|
<screen>
|
|
<prompt>$ </><userinput>make distclean</>
|
|
<prompt>$ </><userinput>cvs -d :pserver:cvs@cvs.winehq.org:/home/wine update</>
|
|
</screen>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The <command>make distclean</command> part is optional, but
|
|
it's a good idea to remove old build and compile configuration
|
|
files before updating to a newer Wine version. Once the CVS
|
|
update is finished, you can proceed with installing Wine again
|
|
as usual.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
|
|
<sect2 id="getting-upgrading-patch">
|
|
<title>Updating Wine with a Patch</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If you got Wine source code (e.g. via a tar archive file), you
|
|
have the option of applying patches to the source tree to
|
|
update to a newer Wine release or to fix bugs and add
|
|
experimental features. Perhaps you've found a bug, reported
|
|
it to the <ulink url="mailto:wine-devel@winehq.org">Wine
|
|
mailing list</>, and received a patch file to fix the bug.
|
|
You can apply the patch with the <command>patch</> command,
|
|
which takes a streamed patch from <filename>stdin</>:
|
|
<screen>
|
|
<prompt>$ </><userinput>cd wine</>
|
|
<prompt>$ </><userinput>patch -p0 <<replaceable>../patch_to_apply.diff</></>
|
|
</screen>
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To remove the patch, use the <parameter>-R</> option:
|
|
<screen>
|
|
<prompt>$ </><userinput>patch -p0 -R <<replaceable>../patch_to_apply.diff</></>
|
|
</screen>
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If you want to do a test run to see if the patch will apply
|
|
successfully (e.g., if the patch was created from an older or
|
|
newer version of the tree), you can use the
|
|
<parameter>--dry-run</> parameter to run the patch
|
|
without writing to any files:
|
|
<screen>
|
|
<prompt>$ </><userinput>patch -p0 --dry-run <<replaceable>../patch_to_apply.diff</></>
|
|
</screen>
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<command>patch</> is pretty smart about extracting
|
|
patches from the middle of a file, so if you save an email with
|
|
an inlined patch to a file on your hard drive, you can invoke
|
|
patch on it without stripping out the email headers and other
|
|
text. <command>patch</> ignores everything that doesn't
|
|
look like a patch.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The <parameter>-p0</> option to <command>patch</>
|
|
tells it to keep the full file name from the patch file. For example,
|
|
if the file name in the patch file was
|
|
<filename>wine/programs/clock/main.c</>.
|
|
Setting the <parameter>-p0</> option would apply the patch
|
|
to the file of the same name i.e.
|
|
<filename>wine/programs/clock/main.c </>.
|
|
Setting the <parameter>-p1</> option would strip off the
|
|
first part of the file name and apply
|
|
the patch to <filename>programs/clock/main.c</>.
|
|
The <parameter>-p1</> option would be useful if you named your
|
|
top level wine directory differently than the person who sent
|
|
you the patch. For the <parameter>-p1</> option
|
|
<command>patch</> should be run from the top level wine
|
|
directory.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
</chapter>
|
|
|
|
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|
|
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