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755 lines
26 KiB
Text
<chapter id="running">
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<title>Running Wine</title>
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<para>
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This chapter will describe all aspects of running Wine, like e.g.
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basic Wine invocation, command line parameters of various Wine
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support programs etc.
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</para>
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<para>
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This chapter will describe all aspects of running Wine, like e.g.
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basic Wine invocation, command line parameters of various Wine
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support programs etc.
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</para>
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<para>
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</para>
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<sect1 id="basic-usage">
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<title>Basic usage: applications and control panel applets</title>
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<para>
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Assuming you are using a fake Windows installation, you install
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applications into Wine in the same way you would in Windows: by
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running the installer. You can just accept the defaults for
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where to install, most installers will default to "C:\Program
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Files", which is fine. If the application installer requests it,
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you may find that Wine creates icons on your desktop and in your
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app menu. If that happens, you can start the app by clicking on
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them.
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</para>
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<para>
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The standard way to uninstall things is for the application to
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provide an uninstaller, usually registered with the "Add/Remove
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Programs" control panel applet.
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To access the Wine equivalent, run the <command>uninstaller</command>
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program (it is located in the
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<filename>programs/uninstaller/</filename> directory in a Wine
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source directory) in a <glossterm>terminal</glossterm>:
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</para>
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<screen>
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<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>uninstaller</userinput>
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</screen>
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<para>
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Some programs install associated control panel applets, examples
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of this would be Internet Explorer and QuickTime. You can access
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the Wine control panel by running in a
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<glossterm>terminal</glossterm>:
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</para>
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<screen>
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<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>wine control</userinput>
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</screen>
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<para>
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which will open a window with the installed control panel
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applets in it, as in Windows.
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</para>
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<para>
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If the application doesn't install menu or desktop items, you'll
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need to run the app from the command line. Remembering where you
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installed to, something like:
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</para>
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<screen>
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<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>wine "c:\program files\appname\appname.exe"</userinput>
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</screen>
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<para>
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will probably do the trick. The path isn't case sensitive, but
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remember to include the double quotes. Some programs don't
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always use obvious naming for their directories and EXE files,
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so you might have to look inside the program files directory to
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see what it put where.
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</para>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 id="running-wine">
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<title>How to run Wine</title>
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<para>
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Wine is a very complicated piece of software with many ways to
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adjust how it runs. With very few exceptions, you can
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activate the same set of features through the <link
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linkend="config-file">configuration file</link> as you can
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with command-line parameters. In this chapter, we'll briefly
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discuss these parameters, and match them up with their
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corresponding configuration variables.
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</para>
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<para>
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You can invoke the <command>wine --help</command> command to
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get a listing of all Wine's command-line parameters:
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</para>
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<para>
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<screen>
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Usage: ./wine [options] program_name [arguments]
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Options:
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--debugmsg name Turn debugging-messages on or off
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--dll name Enable or disable built-in DLLs
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--help,-h Show this help message
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--version,-v Display the Wine version
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</screen>
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</para>
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<para>
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You can specify as many options as you want, if any.
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Typically, you will want to have your configuration file set
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up with a sensible set of defaults; in this case, you can run
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<command>wine</command> without explicitly listing any
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options. In rare cases, you might want to override certain
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parameters on the command line.
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</para>
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<para>
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After the options, you should put the name of the file you
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want <command>wine</command> to execute. If the executable is
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in the <parameter>Path</parameter> parameter in the
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configuration file, you can simply give the executable file
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name. However, if the executable is not in
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<parameter>Path</parameter>, you must give the full path to
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the executable (in Windows format, not UNIX format!). For
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example, given a <parameter>Path</parameter> of the following:
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</para>
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<screen>
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[wine]
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"Path"="c:\\windows;c:\\windows\\system;e:\\;e:\\test;f:\\"
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</screen>
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<para>
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You could run the file
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<filename>c:\windows\system\foo.exe</filename> with:
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</para>
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<screen>
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<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>wine foo.exe</userinput>
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</screen>
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<para>
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However, you would have to run the file
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<filename>c:\myapps\foo.exe</filename> with this command:
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</para>
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<screen>
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<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>wine c:\\myapps\\foo.exe</userinput>
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</screen>
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<para>
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(note the backslash-escaped "\" !)
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</para>
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<para>
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For details on running text mode (CUI) executables, read the
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<link linkend="CUI-programs">section</link> below.
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</para>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 id="explorer-like-wine">
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<title>Explorer-like graphical Wine environments</title>
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<para>
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If you don't feel like manually invoking Wine for every program
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you want to run and instead want to have an integrated graphical
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interface to run your Windows programs in, then installing e.g.
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<ulink url="http://www.calmira.org">Calmira</ulink>, a
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Win95-Explorer-like shell replacement, would probably be a great
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idea. Calmira might still have a few problems running on Wine,
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though. Other usable Explorer replacements should be listed here
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in the future.
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</para>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 id="command-line-options">
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<title>Wine Command Line Options</title>
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<sect2 id="config-parameter">
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<title>--debugmsg [channels]</title>
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<para>
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Wine isn't perfect, and many Windows applications still
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don't run without bugs under Wine (but then, a lot of programs
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don't run without bugs under native Windows either!). To
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make it easier for people to track down the causes behind
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each bug, Wine provides a number of <firstterm>debug
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channels</firstterm> that you can tap into.
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</para>
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<para>
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Each debug channel, when activated, will trigger logging
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messages to be displayed to the console where you invoked
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<command>wine</command>. From there you can redirect the
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messages to a file and examine it at your leisure. But be
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forewarned! Some debug channels can generate incredible
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volumes of log messages. Among the most prolific offenders
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are <parameter>relay</parameter> which spits out a log
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message every time a win32 function is called,
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<parameter>win</parameter> which tracks windows message
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passing, and of course <parameter>all</parameter> which is
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an alias for every single debug channel that exists. For a
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complex application, your debug logs can easily top 1 MB and
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higher. A <parameter>relay</parameter> trace can often
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generate more than 10 MB of log messages, depending on how
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long you run the application. (As described in the
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<link linkend = "config-debug-etc">Debug</link>
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section of configuring wine you can
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modify what the <parameter>relay</parameter> trace reports).
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Logging does slow down Wine
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quite a bit, so don't use <parameter>--debugmsg</parameter>
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unless you really do want log files.
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</para>
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<para>
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Within each debug channel, you can further specify a
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<firstterm>message class</firstterm>, to filter out the
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different severities of errors. The four message classes
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are:
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<simplelist type="inline">
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<member><parameter>trace</parameter></member>
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<member><parameter>fixme</parameter></member>
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<member><parameter>warn</parameter></member>
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<member><parameter>err</parameter></member>
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</simplelist>.
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</para>
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<para>
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To turn on a debug channel, use the form
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<parameter>class+channel</parameter>. To turn it off, use
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<parameter>class-channel</parameter>. To list more than one
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channel in the same <parameter>--debugmsg</parameter>
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option, separate them with commas. For example, to request
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<parameter>warn</parameter> class messages in the
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<parameter>heap</parameter> debug channel, you could invoke
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<command>wine</command> like this:
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</para>
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<screen>
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<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>wine --debugmsg warn+heap <replaceable>program_name</replaceable></userinput>
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</screen>
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<para>
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If you leave off the message class, <command>wine</command>
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will display messages from all four classes for that channel:
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</para>
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<screen>
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<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>wine --debugmsg +heap <replaceable>program_name</replaceable></userinput>
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</screen>
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<para>
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If you wanted to see log messages for everything except the
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relay channel, you might do something like this:
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</para>
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<screen>
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<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>wine --debugmsg +all,-relay <replaceable>program_name</replaceable></userinput>
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</screen>
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<para>
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Here is a list of the debug channels and classes in Wine.
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More channels will be added to (or subtracted from) later
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versions.
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</para>
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<table frame="none"><title>Debug Channels</title>
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<tgroup cols=5 align="left">
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<tbody>
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<row><entry>
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all</><entry>accel</><entry>advapi</><entry>animate</><entry>aspi</>
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</row><row><entry>
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atom</><entry>avifile</><entry> bitblt</><entry> bitmap</><entry> caret</>
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</row><row><entry>
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cdrom</><entry>class</><entry> clipboard</><entry> clipping</><entry>combo</>
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</row><row><entry>
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comboex</><entry> comm</><entry>commctrl</><entry>commdlg</><entry> console</>
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</row><row><entry>
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crtdll</><entry>cursor</><entry>datetime</><entry>dc</><entry> ddeml</>
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</row><row><entry>
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ddraw</><entry> debug</><entry> debugstr</><entry>delayhlp</><entry>dialog</>
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</row><row><entry>
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dinput</><entry>dll</><entry> dosfs</><entry>dosmem</><entry>dplay</>
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</row><row><entry>
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driver</><entry>dsound</><entry>edit</><entry>elfdll</><entry>enhmetafile</>
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</row><row><entry>
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event</><entry>exec</><entry>file</><entry>fixup</><entry>font</>
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</row><row><entry>
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gdi</><entry> global</><entry>graphics</><entry> header</><entry>heap</>
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</row><row><entry>
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hook</><entry>hotkey</><entry>icmp</><entry>icon</><entry>imagehlp</>
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</row><row><entry>
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imagelist</><entry> imm</><entry>int</><entry>int10</><entry>int16</>
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</row><row><entry>
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int17</><entry>int19</><entry>int21</><entry>int31</><entry> io</>
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</row><row><entry>
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ipaddress</><entry>joystick</><entry>key</><entry>keyboard</><entry>loaddll</>
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</row><row><entry>
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ldt</><entry>listbox</><entry>listview</><entry>local</><entry>mci</>
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</row><row><entry>
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mcianim</><entry>mciavi</><entry>mcicda</><entry>mcimidi</><entry>mciwave</>
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</row><row><entry>
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mdi</><entry>menu</><entry>message</><entry>metafile</><entry>midi</>
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</row><row><entry>
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mmaux</><entry>mmio</><entry>mmsys</><entry>mmtime</><entry>module</>
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</row><row><entry>
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monthcal</><entry>mpr</><entry>msacm</><entry>msg</><entry>msvideo</>
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</row><row><entry>
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nativefont</><entry>nonclient</><entry>ntdll</><entry>odbc</><entry>ole</>
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</row><row><entry>
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opengl</><entry>pager</><entry>palette</><entry>pidl</><entry>print</>
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</row><row><entry>
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process</><entry>profile</><entry>progress</><entry>prop</><entry>propsheet</>
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</row><row><entry>
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psapi</><entry>psdrv</><entry>ras</><entry>rebar</><entry>reg</>
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</row><row><entry>
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region</><entry>relay</><entry>resource</><entry>richedit</><entry>scroll</>
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</row><row><entry>
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segment</><entry>seh</><entry>selector</><entry>sendmsg</><entry>server</>
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</row><row><entry>
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setupapi</><entry>setupx</><entry>shell</><entry>snoop</><entry>sound</>
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</row><row><entry>
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static</><entry>statusbar</><entry>storage</><entry>stress</><entry>string</>
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</row><row><entry>
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syscolor</><entry>system</><entry>tab</><entry>tape</><entry>tapi</>
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</row><row><entry>
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task</><entry>text</><entry>thread</><entry>thunk</><entry>timer</>
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</row><row><entry>
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toolbar</><entry>toolhelp</><entry>tooltips</><entry>trackbar</><entry>treeview</>
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</row><row><entry>
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ttydrv</><entry>tweak</><entry>typelib</><entry>updown</><entry>ver</>
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</row><row><entry>
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virtual</><entry>vxd</><entry>wave</><entry>win</><entry>win16drv</>
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</row><row><entry>
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win32</><entry>winedbg</><entry>wing</><entry>wininet</><entry>winsock</>
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</row><row><entry>
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winspool</><entry>wnet</><entry>x11</>
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</row>
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</tbody>
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</tgroup>
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</table>
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<para>
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For more details about debug channels, check out the
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<ulink url="http://wine.codeweavers.com/docs/wine-devel/">
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The Wine Developer's Guide</ulink>.
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</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2>
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<title>--dll</title>
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<para>
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Specifies whether to load the builtin or the native (if
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available) version of a DLL.
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Example:
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<screen>
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<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>wine --dll setupx=n foo.exe</userinput>
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</screen>
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See the <link linkend="config-dll">DLL chapter</link> for more details.
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</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2>
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<title>--help</title>
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<para>
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Shows a small command line help page.
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</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2>
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<title>--version</title>
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<para>
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Shows the Wine version string. Useful to verify your installation.
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</para>
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</sect2>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 id="wineserver-command-line-options">
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<title>wineserver Command Line Options</title>
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<para>
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wineserver usually gets started automatically by Wine whenever
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the first wine process gets started.
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However, wineserver has some useful command line options that
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you can add if you start it up manually, e.g. via a user login
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script or so.
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</para>
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<sect2 id="wineserver-config-parameter">
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<title>-d<n></title>
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<para>
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Sets the debug level for debug output in the terminal that
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wineserver got started in at level <n>.
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In other words: everything greater than 0 will enable
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wineserver specific debugging output (not to confuse with Wine's wineserver logging channel, --debugmsg +server, though!).
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</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2>
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<title>-h</title>
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<para>
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Display wineserver command line options help message.
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</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2>
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<title>-k[n]</title>
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<para>
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Kill the current wineserver, optionally with signal n.
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</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2>
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<title>-p[n]</title>
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<para>
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This parameter makes wineserver persistent, optionally for n
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seconds. It will prevent wineserver from shutting down immediately.
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</para>
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<para>
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Usually, wineserver quits almost immediately after the last
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wine process using this wineserver terminated.
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However, since wineserver loads a lot of things on startup
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(such as the whole Windows registry data), its startup might
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be so slow that it's very useful to keep it from exiting after
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the end of all Wine sessions, by making it persistent.
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</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2>
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<title>-w</title>
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<para>
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This parameter makes a newly started wineserver wait until the
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currently active wineserver instance terminates.
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</para>
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</sect2>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 id="environment-variables">
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<title>Setting Windows/DOS environment variables</title>
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<para>
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Your program might require some environment variable to be set
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properly in order to run successfully.
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In this case you need to set this environment variable in the
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Linux shell, since Wine will pass on the entire shell environment
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variable settings to the Windows environment variable space.
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Example for the bash shell (other shells may have a different syntax
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!):
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<screen>
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export MYENVIRONMENTVAR=myenvironmentvarsetting
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</screen>
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This will make sure your Windows program can access the
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MYENVIRONMENTVAR environment variable once you start your program
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using Wine.
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If you want to have MYENVIRONMENTVAR set permanently, then you can
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place the setting into /etc/profile, or also ~/.bashrc in the case of
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bash.
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</para>
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<para>
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Note however that there is an exception to the rule:
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If you want to change the PATH environment variable, then of
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course you can't modify it that way, since this will alter the
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Unix PATH environment setting. Instead, you should set the
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WINEPATH environment variable. An alternative way to
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indicate the content of the DOS PATH environment variable would
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be to change the "path" setting in the wine config file's <link
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linkend="config-wine">[wine]</link> section.
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</para>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 id="CUI-programs">
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<title>Text mode programs (CUI: Console User Interface)</title>
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<para>Text mode programs are program which output is only made
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out of text (surprise!). In Windows terminology, they are
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called CUI (Console User Interface) executables, by opposition
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to GUI (Graphical User Interface) executables. Win32 API
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provide a complete set of APIs to handle this situation, which
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goes from basic features like text printing, up to high level
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functionalities (like full screen editing, color support,
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cursor motion, mouse support), going through features like
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line editing or raw/cooked input stream support
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</para>
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<para>
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Given the wide scope of features above, and the current usage
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in Un*x world, Wine comes out with three different ways for
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running a console program (aka a CUI executable):
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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bare streams
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
|
|
wineconsole with user backend
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
wineconsole with curses backend
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>The names here are a bit obscure. "bare streams" means
|
|
that no extra support of wine is provide to map between the
|
|
unix console access and Windows console access. The two other
|
|
ways require the use of a specific Wine program (wineconsole)
|
|
which provide extended facilities. The following table
|
|
describes what you can do (and cannot do) with those three
|
|
ways.
|
|
<table>
|
|
<title>Basic differences in consoles</title>
|
|
<tgroup cols="4" align="left">
|
|
<thead>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>Function</entry>
|
|
<entry>Bare streams</entry>
|
|
<entry>Wineconsole & user backend</entry>
|
|
<entry>Wineconsole & curses backend</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
</thead>
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>How to run (assuming executable is called foo.exe)</entry>
|
|
<entry><msgtext>
|
|
<screen><prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>wine foo.exe</userinput></screen>
|
|
</msgtext></entry>
|
|
<entry><msgtext>
|
|
<screen><prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>wineconsole -- --backend=user foo.exe</userinput></screen>
|
|
</msgtext></entry>
|
|
<entry><msgtext>
|
|
<screen><prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>wineconsole foo.exe</userinput></screen>
|
|
</msgtext>You can also use --backend=curses as an option</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>Good support for line oriented CUI applications
|
|
(which print information line after line)
|
|
</entry>
|
|
<entry>Yes</entry>
|
|
<entry>Yes</entry>
|
|
<entry>Yes</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>Good support for full screen CUI
|
|
applications (including but not limited to color
|
|
support, mouse support...)</entry>
|
|
<entry>No</entry>
|
|
<entry>Yes</entry>
|
|
<entry>Yes</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>Can be run even if X11 is not running</entry>
|
|
<entry>Yes</entry>
|
|
<entry>No</entry>
|
|
<entry>Yes</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>Implementation</entry>
|
|
<entry>Maps the standard Windows streams to the
|
|
standard Unix streams (stdin/stdout/stderr)
|
|
</entry>
|
|
<entry>
|
|
Wineconsole will create a new Window (hence
|
|
requiring the USER32 DLL is available) where all
|
|
information will be displayed
|
|
</entry>
|
|
<entry>
|
|
Wineconsole will use existing unix console
|
|
(from which the program is run) and with the help of
|
|
the (n)curses library take control of all the terminal
|
|
surface for interacting with the user
|
|
</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>Known limitations</entry>
|
|
<entry></entry>
|
|
<entry></entry>
|
|
<entry>
|
|
Will produce strange behavior if two (or more)
|
|
Windows consoles are used on the same Un*x terminal.
|
|
</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
</tgroup>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</para>
|
|
<sect2 id="CUI-programs-config">
|
|
<title>Configuration of CUI executables</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
When wineconsole is used, several configuration options are
|
|
available. Wine (as Windows do) stores, on a per application
|
|
basis, several options in the registry. This let a user, for
|
|
example, define the default screen-buffer size he would like
|
|
to have for a given application.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
As of today, only the USER backend allows you to edit those
|
|
options (we don't recommend editing by hand the registry
|
|
contents). This edition is fired when a user right click in
|
|
the console (this popups a menu), where you can either
|
|
choose from:
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Default: this will edit the settings shared by all
|
|
applications which haven't been configured yet. So,
|
|
when an application is first run (on your machine,
|
|
under your account) in wineconsole, wineconsole will
|
|
inherit this default settings for the
|
|
application. Afterwards, the application will have its
|
|
own settings, that you'll be able to modify at your will.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Properties: this will edit the application's
|
|
settings. When you're done, with the edition, you'll
|
|
be prompted whether you want to:
|
|
<orderedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Keep these modified settings only for this
|
|
session (next time you run the application, you
|
|
will not see the modification you've just made).
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Use the settings for this session and save them
|
|
as well, so that next you run your application,
|
|
you'll use these new settings again.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</orderedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Here's the list of the items you can configure, and their
|
|
meanings:
|
|
<table>
|
|
<title>Wineconsole configuration options</title>
|
|
<tgroup cols="2" align="left">
|
|
<thead>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>Configuration option</entry>
|
|
<entry>Meaning</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
</thead>
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>Cursor's size</entry>
|
|
<entry>
|
|
Defines the size of the cursor. Three options are
|
|
available: small (33% of character height), medium
|
|
(66%) and large (100%)
|
|
</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>Popup menu</entry>
|
|
<entry>
|
|
It's been said earlier that wineconsole
|
|
configuration popup was triggered using a right
|
|
click in the console's window. However, this can
|
|
be an issue when the application you run inside
|
|
wineconsole expects the right click events to be
|
|
sent to it. By ticking control or shift you select
|
|
additional modifiers on the right click for
|
|
opening the popup. For example, ticking shift will
|
|
send events to the application when you right
|
|
click the window without shift being hold down,
|
|
and open the window when you right-click while
|
|
shift being hold down.
|
|
</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>Quick edit</entry>
|
|
<entry>
|
|
This tick box lets you decide whether left-click
|
|
mouse events shall be interpreted as events to be
|
|
sent to the underlying application (tick off) or
|
|
as a selection of rectangular part of the screen
|
|
to be later on copied onto the clipboard (tick on).
|
|
</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>History</entry>
|
|
<entry>
|
|
This lets you pick up how many commands you want
|
|
the console to recall. You can also drive whether
|
|
you want, when entering several times the same
|
|
command - potentially intertwined with others -
|
|
whether you want to store all of them (tick off)
|
|
or only the last one (tick on).
|
|
</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>Police</entry>
|
|
<entry>
|
|
The Police property sheet allows you to pick the
|
|
default font for the console (font file, size,
|
|
background and foreground color).
|
|
</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>Screenbuffer & window size</entry>
|
|
<entry>
|
|
The console as you see it is made of two different
|
|
parts. On one hand there's the screenbuffer which
|
|
contains all the information your application puts
|
|
on the screen, and the window which displays a
|
|
given area of this screen buffer. Note that the
|
|
window is always smaller or of the same size than
|
|
the screen buffer. Having a stricly smaller window
|
|
size will put on scrollbars on the window so that
|
|
you can see the whole screenbuffer's content.
|
|
</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>Close on exit</entry>
|
|
<entry>
|
|
If it's ticked, then the wineconsole will exit
|
|
when the application within terminates. Otherwise,
|
|
it'll remain opened until the user manually closes
|
|
it: this allows seeing the latest information of a
|
|
program after it has terminated.
|
|
</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>Edition mode</entry>
|
|
<entry>
|
|
<msgtext>
|
|
<para>
|
|
When the user enter commands, he or she can
|
|
choose between several edition modes:
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Emacs: the same keybindings as under
|
|
emacs are available. For example, Ctrl-A
|
|
will bring the cursor to the beginning
|
|
of the edition line. See your emacs
|
|
manual for the details of the commands.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Win32: this are the standard Windows
|
|
console key-bindings (mainly using
|
|
arrows).
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</msgtext>
|
|
</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
</tgroup>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
</chapter>
|
|
|
|
<!-- Keep this comment at the end of the file
|
|
Local variables:
|
|
mode: sgml
|
|
sgml-parent-document:("wine-user.sgml" "set" "book" "chapter" "")
|
|
End:
|
|
-->
|