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wine/loader/preloader_mac.c
Brendan Shanks 307f5d00f1 loader: On Mac, reserve an area starting at 4GB to force Rosetta's allocations higher. 
On Apple Silicon, Rosetta allocates memory starting at 0x100000000
(the 4GB line) before the preloader runs.
The .NET 3.5 installer and DirectX Jun2010 redistributable both contain
non-relocatable EXEs with that base address, which fail to run.

The workaround is to create an empty linker section at that address,
which is mapped by the kernel before Rosetta runs and forces Rosetta's
allocations higher in memory.
The linker section runs from 0x100000000-0x114000000.
Rosetta's allocations are ~132MB, and should end below 0x120000000.

This is not an exact science: a non-relocatable EXE with base address
between 0x114000000-0x120000000 will fail to run. If one is discovered,
the section size will need to be changed.

Signed-off-by: Brendan Shanks <bshanks@codeweavers.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexandre Julliard <julliard@winehq.org>
2021-01-29 10:16:48 +01:00

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/*
* Preloader for macOS
*
* Copyright (C) 1995,96,97,98,99,2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
* Copyright (C) 2004 Mike McCormack for CodeWeavers
* Copyright (C) 2004 Alexandre Julliard
* Copyright (C) 2017 Michael Müller
* Copyright (C) 2017 Sebastian Lackner
*
* This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
* modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
* License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
* version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
*
* This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
* Lesser General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
* License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
* Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA
*/
#ifdef __APPLE__
#include "config.h"
#include "wine/port.h"
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#ifdef HAVE_SYS_STAT_H
# include <sys/stat.h>
#endif
#include <fcntl.h>
#ifdef HAVE_SYS_MMAN_H
# include <sys/mman.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_SYS_SYSCALL_H
# include <sys/syscall.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
# include <unistd.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_MACH_O_LOADER_H
#include <mach/thread_status.h>
#include <mach-o/loader.h>
#include <mach-o/ldsyms.h>
#endif
#include "wine/asm.h"
#include "main.h"
/* Rosetta on Apple Silicon allocates memory starting at 0x100000000 (the 4GB line)
* before the preloader runs, which prevents any nonrelocatable EXEs with that
* base address from running.
*
* This empty linker section forces Rosetta's allocations (currently ~132 MB)
* to start at 0x114000000, and they should end below 0x120000000.
*/
#if defined(__x86_64__)
__asm__(".zerofill WINE_4GB_RESERVE,WINE_4GB_RESERVE,___wine_4gb_reserve,0x14000000");
#endif
#ifndef LC_MAIN
#define LC_MAIN 0x80000028
struct entry_point_command
{
uint32_t cmd;
uint32_t cmdsize;
uint64_t entryoff;
uint64_t stacksize;
};
#endif
static struct wine_preload_info preload_info[] =
{
/* On macOS, we allocate the low 64k area in two steps because PAGEZERO
* might not always be available. */
#ifdef __i386__
{ (void *)0x00000000, 0x00001000 }, /* first page */
{ (void *)0x00001000, 0x0000f000 }, /* low 64k */
{ (void *)0x00010000, 0x00100000 }, /* DOS area */
{ (void *)0x00110000, 0x67ef0000 }, /* low memory area */
{ (void *)0x7f000000, 0x03000000 }, /* top-down allocations + shared heap + virtual heap */
#else /* __i386__ */
{ (void *)0x000000010000, 0x00100000 }, /* DOS area */
{ (void *)0x000000110000, 0x67ef0000 }, /* low memory area */
{ (void *)0x00007ff00000, 0x000f0000 }, /* shared user data */
{ (void *)0x000100000000, 0x14000000 }, /* WINE_4GB_RESERVE section */
{ (void *)0x7ffd00000000, 0x01ff0000 }, /* top-down allocations + virtual heap */
#endif /* __i386__ */
{ 0, 0 }, /* PE exe range set with WINEPRELOADRESERVE */
{ 0, 0 } /* end of list */
};
/*
* These functions are only called when file is compiled with -fstack-protector.
* They are normally provided by libc's startup files, but since we
* build the preloader with "-nostartfiles -nodefaultlibs", we have to
* provide our own versions, otherwise the linker fails.
*/
void *__stack_chk_guard = 0;
void __stack_chk_fail_local(void) { return; }
void __stack_chk_fail(void) { return; }
#ifdef __i386__
static const size_t page_size = 0x1000;
static const size_t page_mask = 0xfff;
#define target_mach_header mach_header
#define target_segment_command segment_command
#define TARGET_LC_SEGMENT LC_SEGMENT
#define target_thread_state_t i386_thread_state_t
#ifdef __DARWIN_UNIX03
#define target_thread_ip(x) (x)->__eip
#else
#define target_thread_ip(x) (x)->eip
#endif
#define SYSCALL_FUNC( name, nr ) \
__ASM_GLOBAL_FUNC( name, \
"\tmovl $" #nr ",%eax\n" \
"\tint $0x80\n" \
"\tjnb 1f\n" \
"\tmovl $-1,%eax\n" \
"1:\tret\n" )
#define SYSCALL_NOERR( name, nr ) \
__ASM_GLOBAL_FUNC( name, \
"\tmovl $" #nr ",%eax\n" \
"\tint $0x80\n" \
"\tret\n" )
__ASM_GLOBAL_FUNC( start,
__ASM_CFI("\t.cfi_undefined %eip\n")
/* The first 16 bytes are used as a function signature on i386 */
"\t.byte 0x6a,0x00\n" /* pushl $0 */
"\t.byte 0x89,0xe5\n" /* movl %esp,%ebp */
"\t.byte 0x83,0xe4,0xf0\n" /* andl $-16,%esp */
"\t.byte 0x83,0xec,0x10\n" /* subl $16,%esp */
"\t.byte 0x8b,0x5d,0x04\n" /* movl 4(%ebp),%ebx */
"\t.byte 0x89,0x5c,0x24,0x00\n" /* movl %ebx,0(%esp) */
"\tleal 4(%ebp),%eax\n"
"\tmovl %eax,0(%esp)\n" /* stack */
"\tleal 8(%esp),%eax\n"
"\tmovl %eax,4(%esp)\n" /* &is_unix_thread */
"\tmovl $0,(%eax)\n"
"\tcall _wld_start\n"
"\tmovl 4(%ebp),%edi\n"
"\tdecl %edi\n" /* argc */
"\tleal 12(%ebp),%esi\n" /* argv */
"\tleal 4(%esi,%edi,4),%edx\n" /* env */
"\tmovl %edx,%ecx\n" /* apple data */
"1:\tmovl (%ecx),%ebx\n"
"\tadd $4,%ecx\n"
"\torl %ebx,%ebx\n"
"\tjnz 1b\n"
"\tcmpl $0,8(%esp)\n"
"\tjne 2f\n"
/* LC_MAIN */
"\tmovl %edi,0(%esp)\n" /* argc */
"\tmovl %esi,4(%esp)\n" /* argv */
"\tmovl %edx,8(%esp)\n" /* env */
"\tmovl %ecx,12(%esp)\n" /* apple data */
"\tcall *%eax\n"
"\tmovl %eax,(%esp)\n"
"\tcall _wld_exit\n"
"\thlt\n"
/* LC_UNIXTHREAD */
"2:\tmovl (%ecx),%ebx\n"
"\tadd $4,%ecx\n"
"\torl %ebx,%ebx\n"
"\tjnz 2b\n"
"\tsubl %ebp,%ecx\n"
"\tsubl $8,%ecx\n"
"\tleal 4(%ebp),%esp\n"
"\tsubl %ecx,%esp\n"
"\tmovl %edi,(%esp)\n" /* argc */
"\tleal 4(%esp),%edi\n"
"\tshrl $2,%ecx\n"
"\tcld\n"
"\trep; movsd\n" /* argv, ... */
"\tmovl $0,%ebp\n"
"\tjmpl *%eax\n" )
#elif defined(__x86_64__)
static const size_t page_size = 0x1000;
static const size_t page_mask = 0xfff;
#define target_mach_header mach_header_64
#define target_segment_command segment_command_64
#define TARGET_LC_SEGMENT LC_SEGMENT_64
#define target_thread_state_t x86_thread_state64_t
#ifdef __DARWIN_UNIX03
#define target_thread_ip(x) (x)->__rip
#else
#define target_thread_ip(x) (x)->rip
#endif
#define SYSCALL_FUNC( name, nr ) \
__ASM_GLOBAL_FUNC( name, \
"\tmovq %rcx, %r10\n" \
"\tmovq $(" #nr "|0x2000000),%rax\n" \
"\tsyscall\n" \
"\tjnb 1f\n" \
"\tmovq $-1,%rax\n" \
"1:\tret\n" )
#define SYSCALL_NOERR( name, nr ) \
__ASM_GLOBAL_FUNC( name, \
"\tmovq %rcx, %r10\n" \
"\tmovq $(" #nr "|0x2000000),%rax\n" \
"\tsyscall\n" \
"\tret\n" )
__ASM_GLOBAL_FUNC( start,
__ASM_CFI("\t.cfi_undefined %rip\n")
"\tpushq $0\n"
"\tmovq %rsp,%rbp\n"
"\tandq $-16,%rsp\n"
"\tsubq $16,%rsp\n"
"\tleaq 8(%rbp),%rdi\n" /* stack */
"\tmovq %rsp,%rsi\n" /* &is_unix_thread */
"\tmovq $0,(%rsi)\n"
"\tcall _wld_start\n"
"\tmovq 8(%rbp),%rdi\n"
"\tdec %rdi\n" /* argc */
"\tleaq 24(%rbp),%rsi\n" /* argv */
"\tleaq 8(%rsi,%rdi,8),%rdx\n" /* env */
"\tmovq %rdx,%rcx\n" /* apple data */
"1:\tmovq (%rcx),%r8\n"
"\taddq $8,%rcx\n"
"\torq %r8,%r8\n"
"\tjnz 1b\n"
"\tcmpl $0,0(%rsp)\n"
"\tjne 2f\n"
/* LC_MAIN */
"\taddq $16,%rsp\n"
"\tcall *%rax\n"
"\tmovq %rax,%rdi\n"
"\tcall _wld_exit\n"
"\thlt\n"
/* LC_UNIXTHREAD */
"2:\tmovq (%rcx),%r8\n"
"\taddq $8,%rcx\n"
"\torq %r8,%r8\n"
"\tjnz 2b\n"
"\tsubq %rbp,%rcx\n"
"\tsubq $16,%rcx\n"
"\tleaq 8(%rbp),%rsp\n"
"\tsubq %rcx,%rsp\n"
"\tmovq %rdi,(%rsp)\n" /* argc */
"\tleaq 8(%rsp),%rdi\n"
"\tshrq $3,%rcx\n"
"\tcld\n"
"\trep; movsq\n" /* argv, ... */
"\tmovq $0,%rbp\n"
"\tjmpq *%rax\n" )
#else
#error preloader not implemented for this CPU
#endif
void wld_exit( int code ) __attribute__((noreturn));
SYSCALL_NOERR( wld_exit, 1 /* SYS_exit */ );
ssize_t wld_write( int fd, const void *buffer, size_t len );
SYSCALL_FUNC( wld_write, 4 /* SYS_write */ );
void *wld_mmap( void *start, size_t len, int prot, int flags, int fd, off_t offset );
SYSCALL_FUNC( wld_mmap, 197 /* SYS_mmap */ );
void *wld_munmap( void *start, size_t len );
SYSCALL_FUNC( wld_munmap, 73 /* SYS_munmap */ );
int wld_mincore( void *addr, size_t length, unsigned char *vec );
SYSCALL_FUNC( wld_mincore, 78 /* SYS_mincore */ );
static intptr_t (*p_dyld_get_image_slide)( const struct target_mach_header* mh );
#define MAKE_FUNCPTR(f) static typeof(f) * p##f
MAKE_FUNCPTR(dlopen);
MAKE_FUNCPTR(dlsym);
MAKE_FUNCPTR(dladdr);
#undef MAKE_FUNCPTR
extern int _dyld_func_lookup( const char *dyld_func_name, void **address );
/* replacement for libc functions */
static int wld_strncmp( const char *str1, const char *str2, size_t len )
{
if (len <= 0) return 0;
while ((--len > 0) && *str1 && (*str1 == *str2)) { str1++; str2++; }
return *str1 - *str2;
}
/*
* wld_printf - just the basics
*
* %x prints a hex number
* %s prints a string
* %p prints a pointer
*/
static int wld_vsprintf(char *buffer, const char *fmt, va_list args )
{
static const char hex_chars[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
const char *p = fmt;
char *str = buffer;
int i;
while( *p )
{
if( *p == '%' )
{
p++;
if( *p == 'x' )
{
unsigned int x = va_arg( args, unsigned int );
for (i = 2*sizeof(x) - 1; i >= 0; i--)
*str++ = hex_chars[(x>>(i*4))&0xf];
}
else if (p[0] == 'l' && p[1] == 'x')
{
unsigned long x = va_arg( args, unsigned long );
for (i = 2*sizeof(x) - 1; i >= 0; i--)
*str++ = hex_chars[(x>>(i*4))&0xf];
p++;
}
else if( *p == 'p' )
{
unsigned long x = (unsigned long)va_arg( args, void * );
for (i = 2*sizeof(x) - 1; i >= 0; i--)
*str++ = hex_chars[(x>>(i*4))&0xf];
}
else if( *p == 's' )
{
char *s = va_arg( args, char * );
while(*s)
*str++ = *s++;
}
else if( *p == 0 )
break;
p++;
}
*str++ = *p++;
}
*str = 0;
return str - buffer;
}
static __attribute__((format(printf,1,2))) void wld_printf(const char *fmt, ... )
{
va_list args;
char buffer[256];
int len;
va_start( args, fmt );
len = wld_vsprintf(buffer, fmt, args );
va_end( args );
wld_write(2, buffer, len);
}
static __attribute__((noreturn,format(printf,1,2))) void fatal_error(const char *fmt, ... )
{
va_list args;
char buffer[256];
int len;
va_start( args, fmt );
len = wld_vsprintf(buffer, fmt, args );
va_end( args );
wld_write(2, buffer, len);
wld_exit(1);
}
static int preloader_overlaps_range( const void *start, const void *end )
{
intptr_t slide = p_dyld_get_image_slide(&_mh_execute_header);
struct load_command *cmd = (struct load_command*)(&_mh_execute_header + 1);
int i;
for (i = 0; i < _mh_execute_header.ncmds; ++i)
{
if (cmd->cmd == TARGET_LC_SEGMENT)
{
struct target_segment_command *seg = (struct target_segment_command*)cmd;
const void *seg_start = (const void*)(seg->vmaddr + slide);
const void *seg_end = (const char*)seg_start + seg->vmsize;
static const char reserved_segname[] = "WINE_4GB_RESERVE";
if (!wld_strncmp( seg->segname, reserved_segname, sizeof(reserved_segname)-1 ))
continue;
if (end > seg_start && start <= seg_end)
{
char segname[sizeof(seg->segname) + 1];
memcpy(segname, seg->segname, sizeof(seg->segname));
segname[sizeof(segname) - 1] = 0;
wld_printf( "WINEPRELOADRESERVE range %p-%p overlaps preloader %s segment %p-%p\n",
start, end, segname, seg_start, seg_end );
return 1;
}
}
cmd = (struct load_command*)((char*)cmd + cmd->cmdsize);
}
return 0;
}
/*
* preload_reserve
*
* Reserve a range specified in string format
*/
static void preload_reserve( const char *str )
{
const char *p;
unsigned long result = 0;
void *start = NULL, *end = NULL;
int i, first = 1;
for (p = str; *p; p++)
{
if (*p >= '0' && *p <= '9') result = result * 16 + *p - '0';
else if (*p >= 'a' && *p <= 'f') result = result * 16 + *p - 'a' + 10;
else if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'F') result = result * 16 + *p - 'A' + 10;
else if (*p == '-')
{
if (!first) goto error;
start = (void *)(result & ~page_mask);
result = 0;
first = 0;
}
else goto error;
}
if (!first) end = (void *)((result + page_mask) & ~page_mask);
else if (result) goto error; /* single value '0' is allowed */
/* sanity checks */
if (end <= start || preloader_overlaps_range(start, end))
start = end = NULL;
/* check for overlap with low memory areas */
for (i = 0; preload_info[i].size; i++)
{
if ((char *)preload_info[i].addr > (char *)0x00110000) break;
if ((char *)end <= (char *)preload_info[i].addr + preload_info[i].size)
{
start = end = NULL;
break;
}
if ((char *)start < (char *)preload_info[i].addr + preload_info[i].size)
start = (char *)preload_info[i].addr + preload_info[i].size;
}
while (preload_info[i].size) i++;
preload_info[i].addr = start;
preload_info[i].size = (char *)end - (char *)start;
return;
error:
fatal_error( "invalid WINEPRELOADRESERVE value '%s'\n", str );
}
/* remove a range from the preload list */
static void remove_preload_range( int i )
{
while (preload_info[i].size)
{
preload_info[i].addr = preload_info[i+1].addr;
preload_info[i].size = preload_info[i+1].size;
i++;
}
}
static void *get_entry_point( struct target_mach_header *mh, intptr_t slide, int *unix_thread )
{
struct entry_point_command *entry;
target_thread_state_t *state;
struct load_command *cmd;
int i;
/* try LC_MAIN first */
cmd = (struct load_command *)(mh + 1);
for (i = 0; i < mh->ncmds; i++)
{
if (cmd->cmd == LC_MAIN)
{
*unix_thread = FALSE;
entry = (struct entry_point_command *)cmd;
return (char *)mh + entry->entryoff;
}
cmd = (struct load_command *)((char *)cmd + cmd->cmdsize);
}
/* then try LC_UNIXTHREAD */
cmd = (struct load_command *)(mh + 1);
for (i = 0; i < mh->ncmds; i++)
{
if (cmd->cmd == LC_UNIXTHREAD)
{
*unix_thread = TRUE;
state = (target_thread_state_t *)((char *)cmd + 16);
return (void *)(target_thread_ip(state) + slide);
}
cmd = (struct load_command *)((char *)cmd + cmd->cmdsize);
}
return NULL;
};
static int is_region_empty( struct wine_preload_info *info )
{
unsigned char vec[1024];
size_t pos, size, block = 1024 * page_size;
int i;
for (pos = 0; pos < info->size; pos += size)
{
size = (pos + block <= info->size) ? block : (info->size - pos);
if (wld_mincore( (char *)info->addr + pos, size, vec ) == -1)
{
if (size <= page_size) continue;
block = page_size; size = 0; /* retry with smaller block size */
}
else
{
for (i = 0; i < size / page_size; i++)
if (vec[i] & 1) return 0;
}
}
return 1;
}
static int map_region( struct wine_preload_info *info )
{
int flags = MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANON;
void *ret;
if (!info->addr) flags |= MAP_FIXED;
for (;;)
{
ret = wld_mmap( info->addr, info->size, PROT_NONE, flags, -1, 0 );
if (ret == info->addr) return 1;
if (ret != (void *)-1) wld_munmap( ret, info->size );
if (flags & MAP_FIXED) break;
/* Some versions of macOS ignore the address hint passed to mmap -
* use mincore() to check if its empty and then use MAP_FIXED */
if (!is_region_empty( info )) break;
flags |= MAP_FIXED;
}
/* don't warn for zero page */
if (info->addr >= (void *)0x1000)
wld_printf( "preloader: Warning: failed to reserve range %p-%p\n",
info->addr, (char *)info->addr + info->size );
return 0;
}
static inline void get_dyld_func( const char *name, void **func )
{
_dyld_func_lookup( name, func );
if (!*func) fatal_error( "Failed to get function pointer for %s\n", name );
}
#define LOAD_POSIX_DYLD_FUNC(f) get_dyld_func( "__dyld_" #f, (void **)&p##f )
#define LOAD_MACHO_DYLD_FUNC(f) get_dyld_func( "_" #f, (void **)&p##f )
void *wld_start( void *stack, int *is_unix_thread )
{
struct wine_preload_info builtin_dlls = { (void *)0x7a000000, 0x02000000 };
struct wine_preload_info **wine_main_preload_info;
char **argv, **p, *reserve = NULL;
struct target_mach_header *mh;
void *mod, *entry;
int *pargc, i;
Dl_info info;
pargc = stack;
argv = (char **)pargc + 1;
if (*pargc < 2) fatal_error( "Usage: %s wine_binary [args]\n", argv[0] );
/* skip over the parameters */
p = argv + *pargc + 1;
/* skip over the environment */
while (*p)
{
static const char res[] = "WINEPRELOADRESERVE=";
if (!wld_strncmp( *p, res, sizeof(res)-1 )) reserve = *p + sizeof(res) - 1;
p++;
}
LOAD_POSIX_DYLD_FUNC( dlopen );
LOAD_POSIX_DYLD_FUNC( dlsym );
LOAD_POSIX_DYLD_FUNC( dladdr );
LOAD_MACHO_DYLD_FUNC( _dyld_get_image_slide );
/* reserve memory that Wine needs */
if (reserve) preload_reserve( reserve );
for (i = 0; preload_info[i].size; i++)
{
if (!map_region( &preload_info[i] ))
{
remove_preload_range( i );
i--;
}
}
if (!map_region( &builtin_dlls ))
builtin_dlls.size = 0;
/* load the main binary */
if (!(mod = pdlopen( argv[1], RTLD_NOW )))
fatal_error( "%s: could not load binary\n", argv[1] );
if (builtin_dlls.size)
wld_munmap( builtin_dlls.addr, builtin_dlls.size );
/* store pointer to the preload info into the appropriate main binary variable */
wine_main_preload_info = pdlsym( mod, "wine_main_preload_info" );
if (wine_main_preload_info) *wine_main_preload_info = preload_info;
else wld_printf( "wine_main_preload_info not found\n" );
if (!pdladdr( wine_main_preload_info, &info ) || !(mh = info.dli_fbase))
fatal_error( "%s: could not find mach header\n", argv[1] );
if (!(entry = get_entry_point( mh, p_dyld_get_image_slide(mh), is_unix_thread )))
fatal_error( "%s: could not find entry point\n", argv[1] );
return entry;
}
#endif /* __APPLE__ */
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