mirror of
https://github.com/systemd/systemd
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e673c5c2d9
If a package is missing, a subprocess is started with None as command argument. Error raised by subprocess is therefore not helpful at all to understand what needs to be done to fix that error. Also fix doc since systemd-stub will look for .cmdline files, and not .cmdline.efi files. Signed-off-by: Emanuele Giuseppe Esposito <eesposit@redhat.com>
458 lines
22 KiB
XML
458 lines
22 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0"?>
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<!--*-nxml-*-->
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
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<!-- SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later -->
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<refentry id="ukify" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" conditional='ENABLE_UKIFY'>
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<refentryinfo>
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<title>ukify</title>
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<productname>systemd</productname>
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</refentryinfo>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>ukify</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>ukify</refname>
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<refpurpose>Combine components into a signed Unified Kernel Image for UEFI systems</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>/usr/lib/systemd/ukify</command>
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<arg choice="opt"><replaceable>LINUX</replaceable></arg>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat"><replaceable>INITRD</replaceable></arg>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Description</title>
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<para>Note: this command is experimental for now. While it is intended to become a regular component of
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systemd, it might still change in behaviour and interface.</para>
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<para><command>ukify</command> is a tool that combines components (e.g.: a kernel and an initrd with
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a UEFI boot stub) to create a
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<ulink url="https://uapi-group.org/specifications/specs/unified_kernel_image/">Unified Kernel Image (UKI)</ulink>
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— a PE binary that can be executed by the firmware to start the embedded linux kernel.
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See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-stub</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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for details about the stub.</para>
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<para>Additional sections will be inserted into the UKI, either automatically or only if a specific
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option is provided. See the discussions of
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<varname>Cmdline=</varname>/<option>--cmdline=</option>,
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<varname>OSRelease=</varname>/<option>--os-release=</option>,
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<varname>DeviceTree=</varname>/<option>--devicetree=</option>,
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<varname>Splash=</varname>/<option>--splash=</option>,
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<varname>PCRPKey=</varname>/<option>--pcrpkey=</option>,
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<varname>Uname=</varname>/<option>--uname=</option>,
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and <option>--section=</option>
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below.</para>
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<para><command>ukify</command> can also be used to assemble a PE binary that is not executable but
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contains auxiliary data, for example additional kernel command line entries.</para>
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<para>If PCR signing keys are provided via the
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<varname>PCRPrivateKey=</varname>/<option>--pcr-private-key=</option> and
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<varname>PCRPublicKey=</varname>/<option>--pcr-public-key=</option> options, PCR values that will be seen
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after booting with the given kernel, initrd, and other sections, will be calculated, signed, and embedded
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in the UKI.
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-measure</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> is
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used to perform this calculation and signing.</para>
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<para>The calculation of PCR values is done for specific boot phase paths. Those can be specified with
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the <varname>Phases=</varname>/<option>--phases=</option> option. If not specified, the default provided
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by <command>systemd-measure</command> is used. It is also possible to specify the
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<varname>PCRPrivateKey=</varname>/<option>--pcr-private-key=</option>,
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<varname>PCRPublicKey=</varname>/<option>--pcr-public-key=</option>, and
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<varname>Phases=</varname>/<option>--phases=</option> arguments more than once. Signatures will then be
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performed with each of the specified keys. On the command line, when both <option>--phases=</option> and
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<option>--pcr-private-key=</option> are used, they must be specified the same number of times, and then
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the n-th boot phase path set will be signed by the n-th key. This can be used to build different trust
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policies for different phases of the boot. In the config file, <varname>PCRPrivateKey=</varname>,
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<varname>PCRPublicKey=</varname>, and <varname>Phases=</varname> are grouped into separate sections,
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describing separate boot phases.</para>
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<para>If a SecureBoot signing key is provided via the
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<varname>SecureBootPrivateKey=</varname>/<option>--secureboot-private-key=</option> option, the resulting
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PE binary will be signed as a whole, allowing the resulting UKI to be trusted by SecureBoot. Also see the
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discussion of automatic enrollment in
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-boot</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Configuration settings</title>
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<para>Settings can appear in configuration files (the syntax with <varname
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index='false'>SomeSetting=<replaceable>value</replaceable></varname>) and on the command line (the syntax
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with <option index='false'>--some-setting=<replaceable>value</replaceable></option>). For some command
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line parameters, a single-letter shortcut is also allowed. In the configuration files, the setting must
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be in the appropriate section, so the descriptions are grouped by section below. When the same setting
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appears in the configuration file and on the command line, generally the command line setting has higher
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priority and overwrites the config file setting completely. If some setting behaves differently, this is
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described below.</para>
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<para>The <replaceable>LINUX</replaceable> and <replaceable>INITRD</replaceable> positional arguments, or
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the equivalent <varname>Linux=</varname> and <varname>Initrd=</varname> settings, are optional. If more
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than one initrd is specified, they will all be combined into a single PE section. This is useful to, for
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example, prepend microcode before the actual initrd.</para>
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<para>The following options and settings are understood:</para>
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<refsect2>
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<title>Commandline-only options</title>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--config=<replaceable>PATH</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem><para>Load configuration from the given config file. In general, settings specified in
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the config file have lower precedence than the settings specified via options. In cases where the
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commandline option does not fully override the config file setting are explicitly mentioned in the
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descriptions of individual options.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--measure</option></term>
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<term><option>--no-measure</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Enable or disable a call to <command>systemd-measure</command> to print
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pre-calculated PCR values. Defaults to false.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--section=<replaceable>NAME</replaceable>:<replaceable>TEXT</replaceable>|<replaceable>@PATH</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem><para>Specify an arbitrary additional section
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<literal><replaceable>NAME</replaceable></literal>. Note that the name is used as-is, and if the
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section name should start with a dot, it must be included in <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>. The
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argument may be a literal string, or <literal>@</literal> followed by a path name. This option may be
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specified more than once. Any sections specified in this fashion will be inserted (in order) before
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the <literal>.linux</literal> section which is always last.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--tools=<replaceable>DIRS</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem><para>Specify one or more directories with helper tools. <command>ukify</command> will
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look for helper tools in those directories first, and if not found, try to load them from
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<varname>$PATH</varname> in the usual fashion.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--output=<replaceable>FILENAME</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem><para>The output filename. If not specified, the name of the
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<replaceable>LINUX</replaceable> argument, with the suffix <literal>.unsigned.efi</literal> or
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<literal>.signed.efi</literal> will be used, depending on whether signing for SecureBoot was
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performed.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--summary</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Print a summary of loaded config and exit. This is useful to check how the options
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form the configuration file and the commandline are combined.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="help" />
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<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="version" />
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</variablelist>
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</refsect2>
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<refsect2>
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<title>[UKI] section</title>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>Linux=<replaceable>LINUX</replaceable></varname></term>
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<term>positional argument <replaceable>LINUX</replaceable></term>
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<listitem><para>A path to the kernel binary.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>Initrd=<replaceable>INITRD</replaceable>...</varname></term>
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<term>positional argument <replaceable>INITRD</replaceable></term>
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<listitem><para>Zero or more initrd paths. In the configuration file, items are separated by
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whitespace. The initrds are combined in the order of specification, with the initrds specified in
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the config file first.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>Cmdline=<replaceable>TEXT</replaceable>|<replaceable>@PATH</replaceable></varname></term>
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<term><option>--cmdline=<replaceable>TEXT</replaceable>|<replaceable>@PATH</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem><para>The kernel command line (the <literal>.cmdline</literal> section). The argument may
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be a literal string, or <literal>@</literal> followed by a path name. If not specified, no command
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line will be embedded.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>OSRelease=<replaceable>TEXT</replaceable>|<replaceable>@PATH</replaceable></varname></term>
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<term><option>--os-release=<replaceable>TEXT</replaceable>|<replaceable>@PATH</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem><para>The os-release description (the <literal>.osrel</literal> section). The argument
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may be a literal string, or <literal>@</literal> followed by a path name. If not specified, the
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>os-release</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> file
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will be picked up from the host system.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>DeviceTree=<replaceable>PATH</replaceable></varname></term>
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<term><option>--devicetree=<replaceable>PATH</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem><para>The devicetree description (the <literal>.dtb</literal> section). The argument is a
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path to a compiled binary DeviceTree file. If not specified, the section will not be present.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>Splash=<replaceable>PATH</replaceable></varname></term>
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<term><option>--splash=<replaceable>PATH</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem><para>A picture to display during boot (the <literal>.splash</literal> section). The
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argument is a path to a BMP file. If not specified, the section will not be present.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>PCRPKey=<replaceable>PATH</replaceable></varname></term>
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<term><option>--pcrpkey=<replaceable>PATH</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem><para>A path to a public key to embed in the <literal>.pcrpkey</literal> section. If not
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specified, and there's exactly one
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<varname>PCRPublicKey=</varname>/<option>--pcr-public-key=</option> argument, that key will be used.
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Otherwise, the section will not be present.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>Uname=<replaceable>VERSION</replaceable></varname></term>
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<term><option>--uname=<replaceable>VERSION</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem><para>Specify the kernel version (as in <command>uname -r</command>, the
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<literal>.uname</literal> section). If not specified, an attempt will be made to extract the
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version string from the kernel image. It is recommended to pass this explicitly if known, because
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the extraction is based on heuristics and not very reliable. If not specified and extraction fails,
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the section will not be present.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>PCRBanks=<replaceable>PATH</replaceable></varname></term>
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<term><option>--pcr-banks=<replaceable>PATH</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem><para>A comma or space-separated list of PCR banks to sign a policy for. If not present,
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all known banks will be used (<literal>sha1</literal>, <literal>sha256</literal>,
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<literal>sha384</literal>, <literal>sha512</literal>), which will fail if not supported by the
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system.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>SecureBootPrivateKey=<replaceable>SB_KEY</replaceable></varname></term>
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<term><option>--secureboot-private-key=<replaceable>SB_KEY</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem><para>A path to a private key to use for signing of the resulting binary. If the
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<varname>SigningEngine=</varname>/<option>--signing-engine=</option> option is used, this may also be
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an engine-specific designation.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>SecureBootCertificate=<replaceable>SB_CERT</replaceable></varname></term>
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<term><option>--secureboot-certificate=<replaceable>SB_CERT</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem><para>A path to a certificate to use for signing of the resulting binary. If the
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<varname>SigningEngine=</varname>/<option>--signing-engine=</option> option is used, this may also
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be an engine-specific designation.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>SigningEngine=<replaceable>ENGINE</replaceable></varname></term>
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<term><option>--signing-engine=<replaceable>ENGINE</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem><para>An "engine" to for signing of the resulting binary. This option is currently passed
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verbatim to the <option>--engine=</option> option of
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<citerefentry project='archlinux'><refentrytitle>sbsign</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>SignKernel=<replaceable>BOOL</replaceable></varname></term>
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<term><option>--sign-kernel</option></term>
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<term><option>--no-sign-kernel</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Override the detection of whether to sign the Linux binary itself before it is
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embedded in the combined image. If not specified, it will be signed if a SecureBoot signing key is
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provided via the
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<varname>SecureBootPrivateKey=</varname>/<option>--secureboot-private-key=</option> option and the
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binary has not already been signed. If
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<varname>SignKernel=</varname>/<option>--sign-kernel</option> is true, and the binary has already
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been signed, the signature will be appended anyway.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</refsect2>
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<refsect2>
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<title>[PCRSignature:<replaceable>NAME</replaceable>] section</title>
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<para>In the config file, those options are grouped by section. On the commandline, they
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must be specified in the same order. The sections specified in both sources are combined.
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</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>PCRPrivateKey=<replaceable>PATH</replaceable></varname></term>
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<term><option>--pcr-private-key=<replaceable>PATH</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem><para>A private key to use for signing PCR policies. On the commandline, this option may
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be specified more than once, in which case multiple signatures will be made.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>PCRPublicKey=<replaceable>PATH</replaceable></varname></term>
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<term><option>--pcr-public-key=<replaceable>PATH</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem><para>A public key to use for signing PCR policies.</para>
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<para>On the commandline, this option may be specified more than once, similarly to the
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<option>--pcr-private-key=</option> option. If not present, the public keys will be extracted from
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the private keys. On the commandline, if present, the this option must be specified the same number
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of times as the <option>--pcr-private-key=</option> option.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>Phases=<replaceable>LIST</replaceable></varname></term>
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<term><option>--phases=<replaceable>LIST</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem><para>A comma or space-separated list of colon-separated phase paths to sign a policy
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for. Each set of boot phase paths will be signed with the corresponding private key. If not
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present, the default of
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-measure</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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will be used.</para>
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<para>On the commandline, when this argument is present, it must appear the same number of times as
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the <option>--pcr-private-key=</option> option. </para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</refsect2>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Examples</title>
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<example>
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<title>Minimal invocation</title>
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<programlisting>$ ukify \
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/lib/modules/6.0.9-300.fc37.x86_64/vmlinuz \
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/some/path/initramfs-6.0.9-300.fc37.x86_64.img \
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--cmdline='quiet rw'
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</programlisting>
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<para>This creates an unsigned UKI <filename>./vmlinuz.unsigned.efi</filename>.</para>
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</example>
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<example>
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<title>All the bells and whistles</title>
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<programlisting># /usr/lib/systemd/ukify \
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/lib/modules/6.0.9-300.fc37.x86_64/vmlinuz \
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early_cpio \
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/some/path/initramfs-6.0.9-300.fc37.x86_64.img \
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--pcr-private-key=pcr-private-initrd-key.pem \
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--pcr-public-key=pcr-public-initrd-key.pem \
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--phases='enter-initrd' \
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--pcr-private-key=pcr-private-system-key.pem \
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--pcr-public-key=pcr-public-system-key.pem \
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--phases='enter-initrd:leave-initrd enter-initrd:leave-initrd:sysinit \
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enter-initrd:leave-initrd:sysinit:ready' \
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--pcr-banks=sha384,sha512 \
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--secureboot-private-key=sb.key \
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--secureboot-certificate=sb.cert \
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--sign-kernel \
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--cmdline='quiet rw rhgb'
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</programlisting>
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<para>This creates a signed UKI <filename index='false'>./vmlinuz.signed.efi</filename>.
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The initrd section contains two concatenated parts, <filename index='false'>early_cpio</filename>
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and <filename index='false'>initramfs-6.0.9-300.fc37.x86_64.img</filename>.
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The policy embedded in the <literal>.pcrsig</literal> section will be signed for the initrd (the
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<constant>enter-initrd</constant> phase) with the key
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<filename index='false'>pcr-private-initrd-key.pem</filename>, and for the main system (phases
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<constant>leave-initrd</constant>, <constant>sysinit</constant>, <constant>ready</constant>) with the
|
|
key <filename index='false'>pcr-private-system-key.pem</filename>. The Linux binary and the resulting
|
|
combined image will be signed with the SecureBoot key <filename index='false'>sb.key</filename>.</para>
|
|
</example>
|
|
|
|
<example>
|
|
<title>All the bells and whistles, via a config file</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>This is the same as the previous example, but this time the configuration is stored in a
|
|
file:</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>$ cat ukify.conf
|
|
[UKI]
|
|
Initrd=early_cpio
|
|
Cmdline=quiet rw rhgb
|
|
|
|
SecureBootPrivateKey=sb.key
|
|
SecureBootCerificate=sb.cert
|
|
SignKernel=yes
|
|
PCRBanks=sha384,sha512
|
|
|
|
[PCRSignature:initrd]
|
|
PCRPrivateKey=pcr-private-initrd-key.pem
|
|
PCRPublicKey=pcr-public-initrd-key.pem
|
|
Phases=enter-initrd
|
|
|
|
[PCRSignature:system]
|
|
PCRPrivateKey=pcr-private-system-key.pem
|
|
PCRPublicKey=pcr-public-system-key.pem
|
|
Phases=enter-initrd:leave-initrd
|
|
enter-initrd:leave-initrd:sysinit
|
|
enter-initrd:leave-initrd:sysinit:ready
|
|
|
|
# /usr/lib/systemd/ukify -c ukify.conf \
|
|
/lib/modules/6.0.9-300.fc37.x86_64/vmlinuz \
|
|
/some/path/initramfs-6.0.9-300.fc37.x86_64.img
|
|
</programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<para>One "initrd" (<filename index='false'>early_cpio</filename>) is specified in the config file, and
|
|
the other initrd (<filename index='false'>initramfs-6.0.9-300.fc37.x86_64.img</filename>) is specified
|
|
on the commandline. This may be useful for example when the first initrd contains microcode for the CPU
|
|
and does not need to be updated when the kernel version changes, unlike the actual initrd.</para>
|
|
</example>
|
|
|
|
<example>
|
|
<title>Kernel command line auxiliary PE</title>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>ukify \
|
|
--secureboot-private-key=sb.key \
|
|
--secureboot-certificate=sb.cert \
|
|
--cmdline='debug' \
|
|
--output=debug.cmdline
|
|
</programlisting>
|
|
|
|
<para>This creates a signed PE binary that contains the additional kernel command line parameter
|
|
<literal>debug</literal>.</para>
|
|
</example>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>See Also</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-stub</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-boot</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-measure</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-pcrphase.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
</refentry>
|