systemd/man/sd_bus_default.xml

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<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*- Mode: nxml; nxml-child-indent: 2; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-->
<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
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Copyright 2014 Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek
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<refentry id="sd_bus_default">
<refentryinfo>
<title>sd_bus_default</title>
<productname>systemd</productname>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<contrib>A monkey with a typewriter</contrib>
<firstname>Zbigniew</firstname>
<surname>Jędrzejewski-Szmek</surname>
<email>zbyszek@in.waw.pl</email>
</author>
</authorgroup>
</refentryinfo>
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>sd_bus_default</refentrytitle>
<manvolnum>3</manvolnum>
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>sd_bus_default</refname>
<refname>sd_bus_default_user</refname>
<refname>sd_bus_default_system</refname>
<refname>sd_bus_open</refname>
<refname>sd_bus_open_user</refname>
<refname>sd_bus_open_system</refname>
<refname>sd_bus_open_system_remote</refname>
<refname>sd_bus_open_system_machine</refname>
<refpurpose>Acquire a connection to a system or user bus</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<funcsynopsis>
<funcsynopsisinfo>#include &lt;systemd/sd-bus.h&gt;</funcsynopsisinfo>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>sd_bus_default</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>sd_bus **<parameter>bus</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>sd_bus_default_user</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>sd_bus **<parameter>bus</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>sd_bus_default_system</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>sd_bus **<parameter>bus</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>sd_bus_open</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>sd_bus **<parameter>bus</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>sd_bus_open_user</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>sd_bus **<parameter>bus</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>sd_bus_open_system</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>sd_bus **<parameter>bus</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>sd_bus_open_system_remote</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>sd_bus **<parameter>bus</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>const char *<parameter>host</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
<funcprototype>
<funcdef>int <function>sd_bus_open_system_machine</function></funcdef>
<paramdef>sd_bus **<parameter>bus</parameter></paramdef>
<paramdef>const char *<parameter>machine</parameter></paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para><function>sd_bus_default()</function> acquires a bus
connection object to the user bus when invoked in user context, or
to the system bus otherwise. The connection object is associated
with the calling thread. Each time the function is invoked from
the same thread, the same object is returned, but its reference
count is increased by one, as long as at least one reference is
kept. When the last reference to the connection is dropped (using
the
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_bus_unref</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
call), the connection is terminated. Note that the connection is
not automatically terminated when the associated thread ends. It
is important to drop the last reference to the bus connection
explicitly before the thread ends, as otherwise, the connection will
leak. Also, queued but unread or unwritten messages keep the
bus referenced, see below.</para>
<para><function>sd_bus_default_user()</function> returns a user
bus connection object associated with the calling thread.
<function>sd_bus_default_system()</function> is similar, but
connects to the system bus. Note that
<function>sd_bus_default()</function> is identical to these two
calls, depending on the execution context.</para>
<para><function>sd_bus_open()</function> creates a new,
independent bus connection to the user bus when invoked in user
context, or the system bus
otherwise. <function>sd_bus_open_user()</function> is similar, but
connects only to the user bus.
<function>sd_bus_open_system()</function> does the same, but
connects to the system bus. In contrast to
<function>sd_bus_default()</function>,
<function>sd_bus_default_user()</function>, and
<function>sd_bus_default_system()</function>, these calls return
new, independent connection objects that are not associated with
the invoking thread and are not shared between multiple
invocations. It is recommended to share connections per thread to
efficiently make use the available resources. Thus, it is
recommended to use <function>sd_bus_default()</function>,
<function>sd_bus_default_user()</function> and
<function>sd_bus_default_system()</function> to connect to the
user or system buses.</para>
<para>If the <varname>$DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS</varname> environment
variable is set
(cf. <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>environ</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>),
it will be used as the address of the user bus. This variable can
contain multiple addresses separated by <literal>;</literal>. If
this variable is not set, a suitable default for the default user
D-Bus instance will be used.</para>
<para>If the <varname>$DBUS_SYSTEM_BUS_ADDRESS</varname>
environment variable is set, it will be used as the address of the
system bus. This variable uses the same syntax as
<varname>$DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS</varname>. If this variable is
not set, a suitable default for the default system D-Bus instance
will be used.</para>
<para><function>sd_bus_open_system_remote()</function> connects to
the system bus on the specified <parameter>host</parameter> using
<citerefentry
project='die-net'><refentrytitle>ssh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>. <parameter>host</parameter>
consists of an optional user name followed by the
<literal>@</literal> symbol, and the hostname.
</para>
<para><function>sd_bus_open_system_machine()</function> connects
to the system bus in the specified <parameter>machine</parameter>,
where <parameter>machine</parameter> is the name of a local
container. See
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>machinectl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
for more information about the "machine" concept. Note that
connections into local containers are only available to privileged
processes at this time.</para>
<para>These calls allocate a bus connection object and initiate
the connection to a well-known bus of some form. An alternative to
using these high-level calls is to create an unconnected bus
object with
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_bus_new</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
and to connect it with
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_bus_start</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Reference ownership</title>
<para>The functions <function>sd_bus_open()</function>,
<function>sd_bus_open_user()</function>,
<function>sd_bus_open_system()</function>,
<function>sd_bus_open_system_remote()</function>, and
<function>sd_bus_open_system_machine()</function> return a new
connection object and the caller owns the sole reference. When not
needed anymore, this reference should be destroyed with
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_bus_unref</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
</para>
<para>The functions <function>sd_bus_default()</function>,
<function>sd_bus_default_user()</function> and
<function>sd_bus_default_system()</function> do not necessarily
create a new object, but increase the connection reference of an
existing connection object by one. Use
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_bus_unref</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
to drop the reference.</para>
<para>Queued but unwritten/unread messages also keep a reference
to their bus connection object. For this reason, even if an
application dropped all references to a bus connection, it might
not get destroyed right away. Until all incoming queued
messages are read, and until all outgoing unwritten messages are
written, the bus object will stay
alive. <function>sd_bus_flush()</function> may be used to write
all outgoing queued messages so they drop their references. To
flush the unread incoming messages, use
<function>sd_bus_close()</function>, which will also close the bus
connection. When using the default bus logic, it is a good idea to
first invoke <function>sd_bus_flush()</function> followed by
<function>sd_bus_close()</function> when a thread or process
terminates, and thus its bus connection object should be
freed.</para>
<para>The life cycle of the default bus connection should be the
responsibility of the code that creates/owns the thread the
default bus connection object is associated with. Library code
should neither call <function>sd_bus_flush()</function> nor
<function>sd_bus_close()</function> on default bus objects unless
it does so in its own private, self-allocated thread. Library code
should not use the default bus object in other threads unless it
is clear that the program using it will life cycle the bus
connection object and flush and close it before exiting from the
thread. In libraries where it is not clear that the calling
program will life cycle the bus connection object, it is hence
recommended to use <function>sd_bus_open_system()</function>
instead of <function>sd_bus_default_system()</function> and
related calls.</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Return Value</title>
<para>On success, these calls return 0 or a positive
integer. On failure, these calls return a negative
errno-style error code.</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Errors</title>
<para>Returned errors may indicate the following problems:</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><constant>-EINVAL</constant></term>
<listitem><para>The specified parameters are invalid.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><constant>-ENOMEM</constant></term>
<listitem><para>Memory allocation failed.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><constant>-ESOCKTNOSUPPORT</constant></term>
<listitem><para>The protocol version required to connect to the selected bus is not supported.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
<para>In addition, any further connection-related errors may be
by returned. See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_bus_send</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Notes</title>
<para><function>sd_bus_open_user()</function> and the other
functions described here are available as a shared library, which
can be compiled and linked to with the
<constant>libsystemd</constant> <citerefentry
project='die-net'><refentrytitle>pkg-config</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
file.</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>See Also</title>
<para>
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-bus</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_bus_new</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_bus_ref</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_bus_unref</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>ssh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-machined.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>machinectl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
</para>
</refsect1>
</refentry>