mirror of
https://github.com/systemd/systemd
synced 2024-11-02 19:41:12 +00:00
232 lines
9.7 KiB
XML
232 lines
9.7 KiB
XML
<?xml version='1.0'?>
|
|
<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
|
|
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd">
|
|
<!-- SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later -->
|
|
|
|
<refentry id="uid0"
|
|
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
|
|
|
|
<refentryinfo>
|
|
<title>uid0</title>
|
|
<productname>systemd</productname>
|
|
</refentryinfo>
|
|
|
|
<refmeta>
|
|
<refentrytitle>uid0</refentrytitle>
|
|
<manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
|
|
</refmeta>
|
|
|
|
<refnamediv>
|
|
<refname>uid0</refname>
|
|
<refpurpose>Elevate privileges</refpurpose>
|
|
</refnamediv>
|
|
|
|
<refsynopsisdiv>
|
|
<cmdsynopsis>
|
|
<command>uid0</command>
|
|
<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
|
|
<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">COMMAND</arg>
|
|
</cmdsynopsis>
|
|
</refsynopsisdiv>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>Description</title>
|
|
|
|
<para><command>uid0</command> may be used to temporarily and interactively acquire elavated or different
|
|
privileges. It serves a similar purpose as <citerefentry
|
|
project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>sudo</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, but
|
|
operates differently in a couple of key areas:</para>
|
|
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem><para>No execution or security context credentials are inherited from the caller into the
|
|
invoked commands, as they are invoked from a fresh, isolated service forked off the service
|
|
manager.</para></listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Authentication takes place via <ulink
|
|
url="https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/polkit">polkit</ulink>, thus isolating the
|
|
authentication prompt from the terminal (if possible).</para></listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>An independent pseudo-tty is allocated for the invoked command, detaching its lifecycle and
|
|
isolating it for security.</para></listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>No SetUID/SetGID file access bit functionality is used for the implementation.</para></listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
|
|
<para>Altogether this should provide a safer and more robust alternative to the <command>sudo</command>
|
|
mechanism, in particular in OS environments where SetUID/SetGID support is not available (for example by
|
|
setting the <varname>NoNewPrivileges=</varname> variable in
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-system.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>).</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Any session invoked via <command>uid0</command> will run through the
|
|
<literal>systemd-uid0</literal> PAM stack.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Note that <command>uid0</command> is implemented as an alternative multi-call invocation of
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-run</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>Options</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>The following options are understood:</para>
|
|
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--no-ask-password</option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Do not query the user for authentication for privileged operations.</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v256"/></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--unit=</option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Use this unit name instead of an automatically generated one.</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v256"/></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--property=</option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Sets a property on the service unit that is created. This option takes an assignment
|
|
in the same format as
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>'s
|
|
<command>set-property</command> command.</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v256"/>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--description=</option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Provide a description for the service unit that is invoked. If not specified,
|
|
the command itself will be used as a description. See <varname>Description=</varname> in
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v256"/></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--slice=</option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Make the new <filename>.service</filename> unit part of the specified slice, instead
|
|
of <filename>user.slice</filename>.</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v256"/>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--slice-inherit</option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Make the new <filename>.service</filename> unit part of the slice the
|
|
<command>uid0</command> itself has been invoked in. This option may be combined with
|
|
<option>--slice=</option>, in which case the slice specified via <option>--slice=</option> is placed
|
|
within the slice the <command>uid0</command> command is invoked in.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Example: consider <command>uid0</command> being invoked in the slice
|
|
<filename>foo.slice</filename>, and the <option>--slice=</option> argument is
|
|
<filename>bar</filename>. The unit will then be placed under
|
|
<filename>foo-bar.slice</filename>.</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v256"/>
|
|
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--user=</option></term>
|
|
<term><option>-u</option></term>
|
|
<term><option>--group=</option></term>
|
|
<term><option>-g</option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Switches to the specified user/group instead of root.</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v256"/>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--nice=</option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Runs the invoked session with the specified nice level.</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v256"/>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--chdir=</option></term>
|
|
<term><option>-D</option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Runs the invoked session with the specified working directory. If not specified
|
|
defaults to the client's current working directory if switching to the root user, or the target
|
|
user's home directory otherwise.</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v256"/>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--setenv=<replaceable>NAME</replaceable>[=<replaceable>VALUE</replaceable>]</option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Runs the invoked session with the specified environment variable set. This parameter
|
|
may be used more than once to set multiple variables. When <literal>=</literal> and
|
|
<replaceable>VALUE</replaceable> are omitted, the value of the variable with the same name in the
|
|
invoking environment will be used.</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v256"/>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--background=<replaceable>COLOR</replaceable></option></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Change the terminal background color to the specified ANSI color as long as the
|
|
session lasts. If not specified, the background will be tinted in a reddish tone when operating as
|
|
root, and in a yellowish tone when operating under another UID, as reminder of the changed
|
|
privileges. The color specified should be an ANSI X3.64 SGR background color, i.e. strings such as
|
|
<literal>40</literal>, <literal>41</literal>, …, <literal>47</literal>, <literal>48;2;…</literal>,
|
|
<literal>48;5;…</literal>. See <ulink
|
|
url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code#SGR_(Select_Graphic_Rendition)_parameters">ANSI
|
|
Escape Code (Wikipedia)</ulink> for details. Set to an empty string to disable.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Example: <literal>--background=44</literal> for a blue background.</para>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v256"/>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="machine" />
|
|
<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="help" />
|
|
<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="version" />
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
|
|
<para>All command line arguments after the first non-option argument become part of the command line of
|
|
the launched process. If no command line is specified an interactive shell is invoked. The shell to
|
|
invoke may be controlled via <option>--setenv=SHELL=…</option> and currently defaults to the
|
|
<emphasis>originating user's</emphasis> shell (i.e. not the target user's!) if operating locally, or
|
|
<filename>/bin/sh</filename> when operating with <option>--machine=</option>.</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>Exit status</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>On success, 0 is returned. If <command>uid0</command> failed to start the session or the specified command fails, a
|
|
non-zero return value will be returned.</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>See Also</title>
|
|
<para><simplelist type="inline">
|
|
<member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
|
|
<member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-run</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
|
|
<member><citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>sudo</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
|
|
<member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>machinectl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
|
|
</simplelist></para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
</refentry>
|