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![Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek](/assets/img/avatar_default.png)
Naming is always a matter of preference, and the old name would certainly work, but I think the new one has the following advantages: - A verb is better than a noun. - The name more similar to "the competition", i.e. 'sudo', 'pkexec', 'runas', 'doas', which generally include an action verb. - The connection between 'systemd-run' and 'run0' is more obvious. There has been no release yet with the old name, so we can rename without caring for backwards compatibility.
233 lines
9.7 KiB
XML
233 lines
9.7 KiB
XML
<?xml version='1.0'?>
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd">
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<!-- SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later -->
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<refentry id="run0"
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xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<refentryinfo>
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<title>run0</title>
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<productname>systemd</productname>
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</refentryinfo>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>run0</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>run0</refname>
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<refpurpose>Elevate privileges</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>run0</command>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
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<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">COMMAND</arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Description</title>
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<para><command>run0</command> may be used to temporarily and interactively acquire elevated or different
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privileges. It serves a similar purpose as <citerefentry
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project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>sudo</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, but
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operates differently in a couple of key areas:</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para>No execution or security context credentials are inherited from the caller into the
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invoked commands, as they are invoked from a fresh, isolated service forked off the service
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manager.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Authentication takes place via <ulink
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url="https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/polkit">polkit</ulink>, thus isolating the
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authentication prompt from the terminal (if possible).</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>An independent pseudo-tty is allocated for the invoked command, detaching its lifecycle and
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isolating it for security.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>No SetUID/SetGID file access bit functionality is used for the implementation.</para></listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para>Altogether this should provide a safer and more robust alternative to the <command>sudo</command>
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mechanism, in particular in OS environments where SetUID/SetGID support is not available (for example by
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setting the <varname>NoNewPrivileges=</varname> variable in
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-system.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>).</para>
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<para>Any session invoked via <command>run0</command> will run through the
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<literal>systemd-run0</literal> PAM stack.</para>
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<para>Note that <command>run0</command> is implemented as an alternative multi-call invocation of
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-run</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Options</title>
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<para>The following options are understood:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--no-ask-password</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Do not query the user for authentication for privileged operations.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v256"/></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--unit=</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Use this unit name instead of an automatically generated one.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v256"/></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--property=</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Sets a property on the service unit that is created. This option takes an assignment
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in the same format as
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>'s
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<command>set-property</command> command.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v256"/>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--description=</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Provide a description for the service unit that is invoked. If not specified,
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the command itself will be used as a description. See <varname>Description=</varname> in
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
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</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v256"/></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--slice=</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Make the new <filename>.service</filename> unit part of the specified slice, instead
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of <filename>user.slice</filename>.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v256"/>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--slice-inherit</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Make the new <filename>.service</filename> unit part of the slice the
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<command>run0</command> itself has been invoked in. This option may be combined with
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<option>--slice=</option>, in which case the slice specified via <option>--slice=</option> is placed
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within the slice the <command>run0</command> command is invoked in.</para>
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<para>Example: consider <command>run0</command> being invoked in the slice
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<filename>foo.slice</filename>, and the <option>--slice=</option> argument is
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<filename>bar</filename>. The unit will then be placed under
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<filename>foo-bar.slice</filename>.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v256"/>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--user=</option></term>
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<term><option>-u</option></term>
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<term><option>--group=</option></term>
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<term><option>-g</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Switches to the specified user/group instead of root.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v256"/>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--nice=</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Runs the invoked session with the specified nice level.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v256"/>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--chdir=</option></term>
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<term><option>-D</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Runs the invoked session with the specified working directory. If not specified
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defaults to the client's current working directory if switching to the root user, or the target
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user's home directory otherwise.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v256"/>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--setenv=<replaceable>NAME</replaceable>[=<replaceable>VALUE</replaceable>]</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Runs the invoked session with the specified environment variable set. This parameter
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may be used more than once to set multiple variables. When <literal>=</literal> and
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<replaceable>VALUE</replaceable> are omitted, the value of the variable with the same name in the
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invoking environment will be used.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v256"/>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--background=<replaceable>COLOR</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem><para>Change the terminal background color to the specified ANSI color as long as the
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session lasts. If not specified, the background will be tinted in a reddish tone when operating as
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root, and in a yellowish tone when operating under another UID, as reminder of the changed
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privileges. The color specified should be an ANSI X3.64 SGR background color, i.e. strings such as
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<literal>40</literal>, <literal>41</literal>, …, <literal>47</literal>, <literal>48;2;…</literal>,
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<literal>48;5;…</literal>. See <ulink
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url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code#SGR_(Select_Graphic_Rendition)_parameters">ANSI
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Escape Code (Wikipedia)</ulink> for details. Set to an empty string to disable.</para>
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<para>Example: <literal>--background=44</literal> for a blue background.</para>
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<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v256"/>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="machine" />
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<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="help" />
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<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="version" />
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</variablelist>
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<para>All command line arguments after the first non-option argument become part of the command line of
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the launched process. If no command line is specified an interactive shell is invoked. The shell to
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invoke may be controlled via <option>--setenv=SHELL=…</option> and currently defaults to the
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<emphasis>originating user's</emphasis> shell (i.e. not the target user's!) if operating locally, or
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<filename>/bin/sh</filename> when operating with <option>--machine=</option>.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Exit status</title>
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<para>On success, 0 is returned. If <command>run0</command> failed to start the session or the specified command fails, a
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non-zero return value will be returned.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>See Also</title>
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<para><simplelist type="inline">
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<member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
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<member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-run</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
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<member><citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>sudo</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
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<member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>machinectl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
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</simplelist></para>
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</refsect1>
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</refentry>
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