mirror of
https://github.com/systemd/systemd
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954 lines
49 KiB
XML
954 lines
49 KiB
XML
<?xml version='1.0'?>
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd">
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<!-- SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later -->
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<refentry id="sysupdate.d" conditional='ENABLE_SYSUPDATE'
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xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<refentryinfo>
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<title>sysupdate.d</title>
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<productname>systemd</productname>
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</refentryinfo>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>sysupdate.d</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>sysupdate.d</refname>
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<refpurpose>Transfer Definition Files for Automatic Updates</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<para><simplelist>
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<member><filename>/etc/sysupdate.d/*.conf</filename></member>
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<member><filename>/run/sysupdate.d/*.conf</filename></member>
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<member><filename>/usr/local/lib/sysupdate.d/*.conf</filename></member>
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<member><filename>/usr/lib/sysupdate.d/*.conf</filename></member>
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</simplelist></para>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Description</title>
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<para><filename>sysupdate.d/*.conf</filename> files describe how specific resources on the local system
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shall be updated from a remote source. Each such file defines one such transfer: typically a remote
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HTTP/HTTPS resource as source; and a local file, directory or partition as target. This may be used as a
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simple, automatic, atomic update mechanism for the OS itself, for containers, portable services or system
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extension images — but in fact may be used to update any kind of file from a remote source.</para>
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<para>The
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-sysupdate</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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command reads these files and uses them to determine which local resources should be updated, and then
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executes the update.</para>
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<para>Both the remote HTTP/HTTPS source and the local target typically exist in multiple, concurrent
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versions, in order to implement flexible update schemes, e.g. A/B updating (or a superset thereof,
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e.g. A/B/C, A/B/C/D, …).</para>
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<para>Each <filename>*.conf</filename> file defines one transfer, i.e. describes one resource to
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update. Typically, multiple of these files (i.e. multiple of such transfers) are defined together, and
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are bound together by a common version identifier in order to update multiple resources at once on each
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update operation, for example to update a kernel, a root file system and a Verity partition in a single,
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combined, synchronized operation, so that only a combined update of all three together constitutes a
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complete update.</para>
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<para>Each <filename>*.conf</filename> file contains three sections: [Transfer], [Source] and [Target].</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Basic Mode of Operation</title>
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<para>Disk-image based OS updates typically consist of multiple different resources that need to be
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updated together, for example a secure OS update might consist of a root file system image to drop into a
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partition, a matching Verity integrity data partition image, and a kernel image prepared to boot into the
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combination of the two partitions. The first two resources are files that are downloaded and placed in a
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disk partition, the latter is a file that is downloaded and placed in a regular file in the boot file
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system (e.g. EFI system partition). Hence, during an update of a hypothetical operating system "foobarOS"
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to a hypothetical version 47 the following operations should take place:</para>
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<orderedlist>
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<listitem><para>A file <literal>https://download.example.com/foobarOS_47.root.xz</literal> should be
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downloaded, decompressed and written to a previously unused partition with GPT partition type UUID
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4f68bce3-e8cd-4db1-96e7-fbcaf984b709 for x86-64, as per <ulink
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url="https://uapi-group.org/specifications/specs/discoverable_partitions_specification">Discoverable Partitions
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Specification</ulink>.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Similarly, a file <literal>https://download.example.com/foobarOS_47.verity.xz</literal>
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should be downloaded, decompressed and written to a previously empty partition with GPT partition type
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UUID of 2c7357ed-ebd2-46d9-aec1-23d437ec2bf5 (i.e. the partition type for Verity integrity information
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for x86-64 root file systems).</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Finally, a file <literal>https://download.example.com/foobarOS_47.efi.xz</literal> (a
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unified kernel, as per <ulink url="https://uapi-group.org/specifications/specs/boot_loader_specification">Boot Loader
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Specification</ulink> Type #2) should be downloaded, decompressed and written to the $BOOT file system,
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i.e. to <filename>EFI/Linux/foobarOS_47.efi</filename> in the ESP or XBOOTLDR partition.</para></listitem>
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</orderedlist>
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<para>The version-independent generalization of this would be (using the special marker
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<literal>@v</literal> as wildcard for the version identifier):</para>
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<orderedlist>
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<listitem><para>A transfer of a file <literal>https://download.example.com/foobarOS_@v.root.xz</literal>
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→ a local, previously empty GPT partition of type 4f68bce3-e8cd-4db1-96e7-fbcaf984b709, with the label to
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be set to <literal>foobarOS_@v</literal>.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>A transfer of a file <literal>https://download.example.com/foobarOS_@v.verity.xz</literal>
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→ a local, previously empty GPT partition of type 2c7357ed-ebd2-46d9-aec1-23d437ec2bf5, with the label to be
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set to <literal>foobarOS_@v_verity</literal>.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>A transfer of a file <literal>https://download.example.com/foobarOS_@v.efi.xz</literal>
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→ a local file <filename>$BOOT/EFI/Linux/foobarOS_@v.efi</filename>.</para></listitem>
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</orderedlist>
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<para>An update can only complete if the relevant URLs provide their resources for the same version,
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i.e. for the same value of <literal>@v</literal>.</para>
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<para>The above may be translated into three <filename>*.conf</filename> files in
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<filename>sysupdate.d/</filename>, one for each resource to transfer. The <filename>*.conf</filename>
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files configure the type of download, and what place to write the download to (i.e. whether to a
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partition or a file in the file system). Most importantly these files contain the URL, partition name and
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filename patterns shown above that describe how these resources are called on the source and how they
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shall be called on the target.</para>
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<para>In order to enumerate available versions and figuring out candidates to update to, a mechanism is
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necessary to list suitable files:</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para>For partitions: the surrounding GPT partition table contains a list of defined
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partitions, including a partition type UUID and a partition label (in this scheme the partition label
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plays a role for the partition similar to the filename for a regular file).</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>For regular files: the directory listing of the directory the files are contained in
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provides a list of existing files in a straightforward way.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>For HTTP/HTTPS sources a simple scheme is used: a manifest file
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<filename>SHA256SUMS</filename>, following the format defined by <citerefentry
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project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>sha256sum</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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lists file names and their SHA256 hashes.</para></listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para>Transfers are done in the alphabetical order of the <filename>.conf</filename> file names they are
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defined in. First, the resource data is downloaded directly into a target file/directory/partition. Once
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this is completed for all defined transfers, in a second step the files/directories/partitions are
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renamed to their final names as defined by the target <varname>MatchPattern=</varname>, again in the
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order the <filename>.conf</filename> transfer file names dictate. This step is not atomic, however it is
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guaranteed to be executed strictly in order with suitable disk synchronization in place. Typically, when
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updating an OS one of the transfers defines the entry point when booting. Thus it is generally a good idea
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to order the resources via the transfer configuration file names so that the entry point is written
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last, ensuring that any abnormal termination does not leave an entry point around whose backing is not
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established yet. In the example above it would hence make sense to establish the EFI kernel image last
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and thus give its transfer configuration file the alphabetically last name.</para>
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<para>See below for an extended, more specific example based on the above.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Resource Types</title>
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<para>Each transfer file defines one source resource to transfer to one target resource. The following
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resource types are supported:</para>
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<orderedlist>
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<listitem><para>Resources of type <literal>url-file</literal> encapsulate a file on a web server,
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referenced via a HTTP or HTTPS URL. When an update takes place, the file is downloaded and decompressed
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and then written to the target file or partition. This resource type is only available for sources, not
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for targets. The list of available versions of resources of this type is encoded in
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<filename>SHA256SUMS</filename> manifest files, accompanied by
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<filename>SHA256SUMS.gpg</filename> detached signatures.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>The <literal>url-tar</literal> resource type is similar, but the file must be a
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<filename>.tar</filename> archive. When an update takes place, the file is decompressed and unpacked
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into a directory or btrfs subvolume. This resource type is only available for sources, not for
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targets. Just like <literal>url-file</literal>, <literal>url-tar</literal> version enumeration makes
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use of <filename>SHA256SUMS</filename> files, authenticated via
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<filename>SHA256SUMS.gpg</filename>.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>The <literal>regular-file</literal> resource type encapsulates a local regular file on
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disk. During updates the file is uncompressed and written to the target file or partition. This
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resource type is available both as source and as target. When updating no integrity or authentication
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verification is done for resources of this type.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>The <literal>partition</literal> resource type is similar to
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<literal>regular-file</literal>, and encapsulates a GPT partition on disk. When updating, the partition
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must exist already, and have the correct GPT partition type. A partition whose GPT partition label is
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set to <literal>_empty</literal> is considered empty, and a candidate to place a newly downloaded
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resource in. The GPT partition label is used to store version information, once a partition is
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updated. This resource type is only available for target resources.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>The <literal>tar</literal> resource type encapsulates local <filename>.tar</filename>
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archive files. When an update takes place, the files are uncompressed and unpacked into a target
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directory or btrfs subvolume. Behaviour of <literal>tar</literal> and <literal>url-tar</literal> is
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generally similar, but the latter downloads from remote sources, and does integrity and authentication
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checks while the former does not. The <literal>tar</literal> resource type is only available for source
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resources.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>The <literal>directory</literal> resource type encapsulates local directory trees. This
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type is available both for source and target resources. If an update takes place on a source resource
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of this type, a recursive copy of the directory is done.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>The <literal>subvolume</literal> resource type is identical to
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<literal>directory</literal>, except when used as the target, in which case the file tree is placed in
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a btrfs subvolume instead of a plain directory, if the backing file system supports it (i.e. is
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btrfs).</para></listitem>
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</orderedlist>
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<para>As already indicated, only a subset of source and target resource type combinations are
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supported:</para>
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<table>
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<title>Resource Types</title>
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<tgroup cols='3' align='left' colsep='1' rowsep='1'>
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<colspec colname="name" />
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<colspec colname="explanation" />
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<thead>
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<row>
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<entry>Identifier</entry>
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<entry>Description</entry>
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<entry>Usable as Source</entry>
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<entry>When Used as Source: Compatible Targets</entry>
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<entry>When Used as Source: Integrity + Authentication</entry>
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<entry>When Used as Source: Decompression</entry>
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<entry>Usable as Target</entry>
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<entry>When Used as Target: Compatible Sources</entry>
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</row>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<row>
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<entry><constant>url-file</constant></entry>
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<entry>HTTP/HTTPS files</entry>
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<entry>yes</entry>
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<entry><constant>regular-file</constant>, <constant>partition</constant></entry>
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<entry>yes</entry>
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<entry>yes</entry>
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<entry>no</entry>
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<entry>-</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><constant>url-tar</constant></entry>
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<entry>HTTP/HTTPS <filename>.tar</filename> archives</entry>
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<entry>yes</entry>
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<entry><constant>directory</constant>, <constant>subvolume</constant></entry>
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<entry>yes</entry>
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<entry>yes</entry>
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<entry>no</entry>
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<entry>-</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><constant>regular-file</constant></entry>
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<entry>Local files</entry>
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<entry>yes</entry>
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<entry><constant>regular-file</constant>, <constant>partition</constant></entry>
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<entry>no</entry>
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<entry>yes</entry>
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<entry>yes</entry>
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<entry><constant>url-file</constant>, <constant>regular-file</constant></entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><constant>partition</constant></entry>
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<entry>Local GPT partitions</entry>
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<entry>no</entry>
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<entry>-</entry>
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<entry>-</entry>
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<entry>-</entry>
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<entry>yes</entry>
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<entry><constant>url-file</constant>, <constant>regular-file</constant></entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><constant>tar</constant></entry>
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<entry>Local <filename>.tar</filename> archives</entry>
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<entry>yes</entry>
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<entry><constant>directory</constant>, <constant>subvolume</constant></entry>
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<entry>no</entry>
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<entry>yes</entry>
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<entry>no</entry>
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<entry>-</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><constant>directory</constant></entry>
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<entry>Local directories</entry>
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<entry>yes</entry>
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<entry><constant>directory</constant>, <constant>subvolume</constant></entry>
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<entry>no</entry>
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<entry>no</entry>
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<entry>yes</entry>
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<entry><constant>url-tar</constant>, <constant>tar</constant>, <constant>directory</constant>, <constant>subvolume</constant></entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><constant>subvolume</constant></entry>
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<entry>Local btrfs subvolumes</entry>
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<entry>yes</entry>
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<entry><constant>directory</constant>, <constant>subvolume</constant></entry>
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<entry>no</entry>
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<entry>no</entry>
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<entry>yes</entry>
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<entry><constant>url-tar</constant>, <constant>tar</constant>, <constant>directory</constant>, <constant>subvolume</constant></entry>
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</row>
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</tbody>
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</tgroup>
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</table>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Match Patterns</title>
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<para>Both the source and target resources typically exist in multiple versions concurrently. An update
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operation is done whenever the newest of the source versions is newer than the newest of the target
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versions. To determine the newest version of the resources a directory listing, partition listing or
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manifest listing is used, a subset of qualifying entries selected from that, and the version identifier
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extracted from the file names or partition labels of these selected entries. Subset selection and
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extraction of the version identifier (plus potentially other metadata) is done via match patterns,
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configured in <varname>MatchPattern=</varname> in the [Source] and [Target] sections. These patterns are
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strings that describe how files or partitions are named, with named wildcards for specific fields such as
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the version identifier. The following wildcards are defined:</para>
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<table>
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<title>Match Pattern Wildcards</title>
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<tgroup cols='2' align='left' colsep='1' rowsep='1'>
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<colspec colname="name" />
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<colspec colname="explanation" />
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<thead>
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<row>
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<entry>Wildcard</entry>
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<entry>Description</entry>
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<entry>Format</entry>
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<entry>Notes</entry>
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</row>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<row>
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<entry><literal>@v</literal></entry>
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<entry>Version identifier</entry>
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<entry>Valid version string</entry>
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<entry>Mandatory</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><literal>@u</literal></entry>
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<entry>GPT partition UUID</entry>
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<entry>Valid 128-Bit UUID string</entry>
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<entry>Only relevant if target resource type chosen as <constant>partition</constant></entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><literal>@f</literal></entry>
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<entry>GPT partition flags</entry>
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<entry>Formatted hexadecimal integer</entry>
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<entry>Only relevant if target resource type chosen as <constant>partition</constant></entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><literal>@a</literal></entry>
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<entry>GPT partition flag NoAuto</entry>
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<entry>Either <literal>0</literal> or <literal>1</literal></entry>
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<entry>Controls NoAuto bit of the GPT partition flags, as per <ulink url="https://uapi-group.org/specifications/specs/discoverable_partitions_specification">Discoverable Partitions Specification</ulink>; only relevant if target resource type chosen as <constant>partition</constant></entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><literal>@g</literal></entry>
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<entry>GPT partition flag GrowFileSystem</entry>
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<entry>Either <literal>0</literal> or <literal>1</literal></entry>
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<entry>Controls GrowFileSystem bit of the GPT partition flags, as per <ulink url="https://uapi-group.org/specifications/specs/discoverable_partitions_specification">Discoverable Partitions Specification</ulink>; only relevant if target resource type chosen as <constant>partition</constant></entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><literal>@r</literal></entry>
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<entry>Read-only flag</entry>
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<entry>Either <literal>0</literal> or <literal>1</literal></entry>
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<entry>Controls ReadOnly bit of the GPT partition flags, as per <ulink url="https://uapi-group.org/specifications/specs/discoverable_partitions_specification">Discoverable Partitions Specification</ulink> and other output read-only flags, see <varname>ReadOnly=</varname> below</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><literal>@t</literal></entry>
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<entry>File modification time</entry>
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<entry>Formatted decimal integer, μs since UNIX epoch Jan 1st 1970</entry>
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<entry>Only relevant if target resource type chosen as <constant>regular-file</constant></entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><literal>@m</literal></entry>
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<entry>File access mode</entry>
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<entry>Formatted octal integer, in UNIX fashion</entry>
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<entry>Only relevant if target resource type chosen as <constant>regular-file</constant></entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><literal>@s</literal></entry>
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<entry>File size after decompression</entry>
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<entry>Formatted decimal integer</entry>
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<entry>Useful for measuring progress and to improve partition allocation logic</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><literal>@d</literal></entry>
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<entry>Tries done</entry>
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<entry>Formatted decimal integer</entry>
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<entry>Useful when operating with kernel image files, as per <ulink url="https://systemd.io/AUTOMATIC_BOOT_ASSESSMENT">Automatic Boot Assessment</ulink></entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><literal>@l</literal></entry>
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<entry>Tries left</entry>
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<entry>Formatted decimal integer</entry>
|
||
<entry>Useful when operating with kernel image files, as per <ulink url="https://systemd.io/AUTOMATIC_BOOT_ASSESSMENT">Automatic Boot Assessment</ulink></entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
|
||
<row>
|
||
<entry><literal>@h</literal></entry>
|
||
<entry>SHA256 hash of compressed file</entry>
|
||
<entry>64 hexadecimal characters</entry>
|
||
<entry>The SHA256 hash of the compressed file; not useful for <constant>url-file</constant> or <constant>url-tar</constant> where the SHA256 hash is already included in the manifest file anyway</entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</tgroup>
|
||
</table>
|
||
|
||
<para>Of these wildcards only <literal>@v</literal> must be present in a valid pattern, all other
|
||
wildcards are optional. Each wildcard may be used at most once in each pattern. A typical wildcard
|
||
matching a file system source image could be <literal>MatchPattern=foobar_@v.raw.xz</literal>, i.e. any file
|
||
whose name begins with <literal>foobar_</literal>, followed by a version ID and suffixed by
|
||
<literal>.raw.xz</literal>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Do not confuse the <literal>@</literal> pattern matching wildcard prefix with the
|
||
<literal>%</literal> specifier expansion prefix. The former encapsulate a variable part of a match
|
||
pattern string, the latter are simple shortcuts that are expanded while the drop-in files are
|
||
parsed. For details about specifiers, see below.</para>
|
||
</refsect1>
|
||
|
||
<refsect1>
|
||
<title>[Transfer] Section Options</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>This section defines general properties of this transfer.</para>
|
||
|
||
<variablelist>
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>MinVersion=</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>Specifies the minimum version to require for this transfer to take place. If the
|
||
source or target patterns in this transfer definition match files older than this version they will
|
||
be considered obsolete, and never be considered for the update operation.</para>
|
||
|
||
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v251"/></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>ProtectVersion=</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>Takes one or more version strings to mark as "protected". Protected versions are
|
||
never removed while making room for new, updated versions. This is useful to ensure that the
|
||
currently booted OS version (or auxiliary resources associated with it) is not replaced/overwritten
|
||
during updates, in order to avoid runtime file system corruptions.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Like many of the settings in these configuration files this setting supports specifier
|
||
expansion. It's particularly useful to set this setting to one of the <literal>%A</literal>,
|
||
<literal>%B</literal> or <literal>%w</literal> specifiers to automatically refer to the current OS
|
||
version of the running system. See below for details on supported specifiers.</para>
|
||
|
||
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v251"/></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>Verify=</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>Takes a boolean, defaults to yes. Controls whether to cryptographically verify
|
||
downloaded resources (specifically: validate the GPG signatures for downloaded
|
||
<filename>SHA256SUMS</filename> manifest files, via their detached signature files
|
||
<filename>SHA256SUMS.gpg</filename> in combination with the system keyring
|
||
<filename>/usr/lib/systemd/import-pubring.gpg</filename> or
|
||
<filename>/etc/systemd/import-pubring.gpg</filename>).</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>This option is essential to provide integrity guarantees for downloaded resources and thus
|
||
should be left enabled, outside of test environments.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Note that the downloaded payload files are unconditionally checked against the SHA256 hashes
|
||
listed in the manifest. This option only controls whether the signatures of these manifests are
|
||
verified.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>This option only has an effect if the source resource type is selected as
|
||
<constant>url-file</constant> or <constant>url-tar</constant>, as integrity and authentication
|
||
checking is only available for transfers from remote sources.</para>
|
||
|
||
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v251"/></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
</variablelist>
|
||
</refsect1>
|
||
|
||
<refsect1>
|
||
<title>[Source] Section Options</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>This section defines properties of the transfer source.</para>
|
||
|
||
<variablelist>
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>Type=</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>Specifies the resource type of the source for the transfer. Takes one of
|
||
<constant>url-file</constant>, <constant>url-tar</constant>, <constant>tar</constant>,
|
||
<constant>regular-file</constant>, <constant>directory</constant> or
|
||
<constant>subvolume</constant>. For details about the resource types, see above. This option is
|
||
mandatory.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Note that only certain combinations of source and target resource types are supported, see
|
||
above.</para>
|
||
|
||
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v251"/></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
</variablelist>
|
||
|
||
<variablelist>
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>Path=</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>Specifies where to find source versions of this resource.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>If the source type is selected as <constant>url-file</constant> or
|
||
<constant>url-tar</constant> this must be a HTTP/HTTPS URL. The URL is suffixed with
|
||
<filename>/SHA256SUMS</filename> to acquire the manifest file, with
|
||
<filename>/SHA256SUMS.gpg</filename> to acquire the detached signature file for it, and with the file
|
||
names listed in the manifest file in case an update is executed and a resource shall be
|
||
downloaded.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>For all other source resource types this must be a local path in the file system, referring to
|
||
a local directory to find the versions of this resource in.</para>
|
||
|
||
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v251"/></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>MatchPattern=</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>Specifies one or more file name match patterns that select the subset of files that
|
||
are update candidates as source for this transfer. See above for details on match patterns.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>This option is mandatory. Any pattern listed must contain at least the <literal>@v</literal>
|
||
wildcard, so that a version identifier may be extracted from the filename. All other wildcards are
|
||
optional.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>If the source type is <constant>regular-file</constant> or <constant>directory</constant>, the
|
||
pattern may contain slash characters. In this case it will match the file or directory in
|
||
corresponding subdirectory. For example <literal>MatchPattern=foo_@v/bar.efi</literal> will match
|
||
<literal>bar.efi</literal> in directory <literal>foo_1</literal>. </para>
|
||
|
||
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v251"/></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
</variablelist>
|
||
</refsect1>
|
||
|
||
<refsect1>
|
||
<title>[Target] Section Options</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>This section defines properties of the transfer target.</para>
|
||
|
||
<variablelist>
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>Type=</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>Specifies the resource type of the target for the transfer. Takes one of
|
||
<constant>partition</constant>, <constant>regular-file</constant>, <constant>directory</constant> or
|
||
<constant>subvolume</constant>. For details about the resource types, see above. This option is
|
||
mandatory.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Note that only certain combinations of source and target resource types are supported, see
|
||
above.</para>
|
||
|
||
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v251"/></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>Path=</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>Specifies a file system path where to look for already installed versions or place
|
||
newly downloaded versions of this configured resource. If <varname>Type=</varname> is set to
|
||
<constant>partition</constant>, expects a path to a (whole) block device node, or the special string
|
||
<literal>auto</literal> in which case the block device which contains the root file system of the
|
||
currently booted system is automatically determined and used. If <varname>Type=</varname> is set to
|
||
<constant>regular-file</constant>, <constant>directory</constant> or <constant>subvolume</constant>,
|
||
must refer to a path in the local file system referencing the directory to find or place the version
|
||
files or directories under.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Note that this mechanism cannot be used to create or remove partitions, in case
|
||
<varname>Type=</varname> is set to <constant>partition</constant>. Partitions must exist already, and
|
||
a special partition label <literal>_empty</literal> is used to indicate empty partitions. To
|
||
automatically generate suitable partitions on first boot, use a tool such as
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-repart</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v251"/></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>PathRelativeTo=</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>Specifies what partition <varname>Path=</varname> should be relative to. Takes one of
|
||
<constant>root</constant>, <constant>esp</constant>, <constant>xbootldr</constant>, or <constant>boot</constant>.
|
||
If unspecified, defaults to <constant>root</constant>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>If set to <constant>boot</constant>, the specified <varname>Path=</varname> will be resolved
|
||
relative to the mount point of the $BOOT partition (i.e. the ESP or XBOOTLDR), as defined by the
|
||
<ulink url="https://uapi-group.org/specifications/specs/boot_loader_specification">Boot Loader
|
||
Specification</ulink>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>The values <constant>esp</constant>, <constant>xbootldr</constant>, and
|
||
<constant>boot</constant> are only supported when <varname>Type=</varname> is set to
|
||
<constant>regular-file</constant> or <constant>directory</constant>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v254"/></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>MatchPattern=</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>Specifies one or more file name or partition label match patterns that select the
|
||
subset of files or partitions that are update candidates as targets for this transfer. See above for
|
||
details on match patterns.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>This option is mandatory. Any pattern listed must contain at least the <literal>@v</literal>
|
||
wildcard, so that a version identifier may be extracted from the filename. All other wildcards are
|
||
optional.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>This pattern is both used for matching existing installed versions and for determining the name
|
||
of new versions to install. If multiple patterns are specified, the first specified is used for
|
||
naming newly installed versions.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>If the target type is <constant>regular-file</constant> or <constant>directory</constant>, the
|
||
pattern may contain slash characters. In this case it will match the file or directory in
|
||
corresponding subdirectory. For example <literal>MatchPattern=foo_@v/bar.efi</literal> will match
|
||
<literal>bar.efi</literal> in directory <literal>foo_1</literal>. Directories in the path will be
|
||
created when file is installed. Empty directories will be removed when file is removed.</para>
|
||
|
||
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v251"/></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>MatchPartitionType=</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>When the target <varname>Type=</varname> is chosen as <constant>partition</constant>,
|
||
specifies the GPT partition type to look for. Only partitions of this type are considered, all other
|
||
partitions are ignored. If not specified, the GPT partition type <constant>linux-generic</constant>
|
||
is used. Accepts either a literal type UUID or a symbolic type identifier. For a list of supported
|
||
type identifiers, see the <varname>Type=</varname> setting in
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>repart.d</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v251"/></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>PartitionUUID=</varname></term>
|
||
<term><varname>PartitionFlags=</varname></term>
|
||
<term><varname>PartitionNoAuto=</varname></term>
|
||
<term><varname>PartitionGrowFileSystem=</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>When the target <varname>Type=</varname> is picked as <constant>partition</constant>,
|
||
selects the GPT partition UUID and partition flags to use for the updated partition. Expects a valid
|
||
UUID string, a hexadecimal integer, or booleans, respectively. If not set, but the source match
|
||
pattern includes wildcards for these fields (i.e. <literal>@u</literal>, <literal>@f</literal>,
|
||
<literal>@a</literal>, or <literal>@g</literal>), the values from the patterns are used. If neither
|
||
configured with wildcards or these explicit settings, the values are left untouched. If both the
|
||
overall <varname>PartitionFlags=</varname> flags setting and the individual flag settings
|
||
<varname>PartitionNoAuto=</varname> and <varname>PartitionGrowFileSystem=</varname> are used (or the
|
||
wildcards for them), then the latter override the former, i.e. the individual flag bit overrides the
|
||
overall flags value. See <ulink url="https://uapi-group.org/specifications/specs/discoverable_partitions_specification">Discoverable
|
||
Partitions Specification</ulink> for details about these flags.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Note that these settings are not used for matching, they only have effect on newly written
|
||
partitions in case a transfer takes place.</para>
|
||
|
||
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v251"/></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>ReadOnly=</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>Controls whether to mark the resulting file, subvolume or partition read-only. If the
|
||
target type is <constant>partition</constant> this controls the ReadOnly partition flag, as per
|
||
<ulink url="https://uapi-group.org/specifications/specs/discoverable_partitions_specification">Discoverable Partitions
|
||
Specification</ulink>, similar to the <varname>PartitionNoAuto=</varname> and
|
||
<varname>PartitionGrowFileSystem=</varname> flags described above. If the target type is
|
||
<constant>regular-file</constant>, the writable bit is removed from the access mode. If the
|
||
target type is <constant>subvolume</constant>, the subvolume will be marked read-only as a
|
||
whole. Finally, if the target <varname>Type=</varname> is selected as <constant>directory</constant>,
|
||
the "immutable" file attribute is set, see <citerefentry
|
||
project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>chattr</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> for
|
||
details.</para>
|
||
|
||
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v251"/></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>Mode=</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>The UNIX file access mode to use for newly created files in case the target resource
|
||
type is picked as <constant>regular-file</constant>. Expects an octal integer, in typical UNIX
|
||
fashion. If not set, but the source match pattern includes a wildcard for this field
|
||
(i.e. <literal>@t</literal>), the value from the pattern is used.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Note that this setting is not used for matching, it only has an effect on newly written
|
||
files when a transfer takes place.</para>
|
||
|
||
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v251"/></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>TriesDone=</varname></term>
|
||
<term><varname>TriesLeft=</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>These options take positive, decimal integers, and control the number of attempts
|
||
done and left for this file. These settings are useful for managing kernel images, following the
|
||
scheme defined in <ulink url="https://systemd.io/AUTOMATIC_BOOT_ASSESSMENT">Automatic Boot
|
||
Assessment</ulink>, and only have an effect if the target pattern includes the <literal>@d</literal>
|
||
or <literal>@l</literal> wildcards.</para>
|
||
|
||
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v251"/></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>InstancesMax=</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>Takes a decimal integer equal to or greater than 2. This configures how many concurrent
|
||
versions of the resource to keep. Whenever a new update is initiated it is made sure that no more
|
||
than the number of versions specified here minus one exist in the target. Any excess versions are
|
||
deleted (in case the target <varname>Type=</varname> of <constant>regular-file</constant>,
|
||
<constant>directory</constant>, <constant>subvolume</constant> is used) or emptied (in case the
|
||
target <varname>Type=</varname> of <constant>partition</constant> is used; emptying in this case
|
||
simply means to set the partition label to the special string <literal>_empty</literal>; note that no
|
||
partitions are actually removed). After an update is completed the number of concurrent versions of
|
||
the target resources is equal to or below the number specified here.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Note that this setting may be set differently for each transfer. However, it generally is
|
||
advisable to keep this setting the same for all transfers, since otherwise incomplete combinations of
|
||
files or partitions will be left installed.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>If the target <varname>Type=</varname> is selected as <constant>partition</constant>, the number
|
||
of concurrent versions to keep is additionally restricted by the number of partition slots of the
|
||
right type in the partition table. I.e. if there are only 2 partition slots for the selected
|
||
partition type, setting this value larger than 2 is without effect, since no more than 2 concurrent
|
||
versions could be stored in the image anyway.</para>
|
||
|
||
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v251"/></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>RemoveTemporary=</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>Takes a boolean argument. If this option is enabled (which is the default) before
|
||
initiating an update, all left-over, incomplete updates from a previous attempt are removed from the
|
||
target directory. This only has an effect if the target resource <varname>Type=</varname> is selected
|
||
as <constant>regular-file</constant>, <constant>directory</constant> or
|
||
<constant>subvolume</constant>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v251"/></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>CurrentSymlink=</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>Takes a symlink name as argument. If this option is used, as the last step of the
|
||
update a symlink under the specified name is created/updated pointing to the completed update. This
|
||
is useful in to provide a stable name always pointing to the newest version of the resource. This is
|
||
only supported if the target resource <varname>Type=</varname> is selected as
|
||
<constant>regular-file</constant>, <constant>directory</constant> or
|
||
<constant>subvolume</constant>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<xi:include href="version-info.xml" xpointer="v251"/></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
</variablelist>
|
||
</refsect1>
|
||
|
||
<refsect1>
|
||
<title>Specifiers</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>Specifiers may be used in the <varname>MinVersion=</varname>, <varname>ProtectVersion=</varname>,
|
||
<varname>Path=</varname>, <varname>MatchPattern=</varname> and <varname>CurrentSymlink=</varname>
|
||
settings. The following expansions are understood:</para>
|
||
<table class='specifiers'>
|
||
<title>Specifiers available</title>
|
||
<tgroup cols='3' align='left' colsep='1' rowsep='1'>
|
||
<colspec colname="spec" />
|
||
<colspec colname="mean" />
|
||
<colspec colname="detail" />
|
||
<thead>
|
||
<row>
|
||
<entry>Specifier</entry>
|
||
<entry>Meaning</entry>
|
||
<entry>Details</entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
</thead>
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<xi:include href="standard-specifiers.xml" xpointer="a"/>
|
||
<xi:include href="standard-specifiers.xml" xpointer="A"/>
|
||
<xi:include href="standard-specifiers.xml" xpointer="b"/>
|
||
<xi:include href="standard-specifiers.xml" xpointer="B"/>
|
||
<xi:include href="standard-specifiers.xml" xpointer="H"/>
|
||
<xi:include href="standard-specifiers.xml" xpointer="l"/>
|
||
<xi:include href="standard-specifiers.xml" xpointer="m"/>
|
||
<xi:include href="standard-specifiers.xml" xpointer="M"/>
|
||
<xi:include href="standard-specifiers.xml" xpointer="o"/>
|
||
<xi:include href="standard-specifiers.xml" xpointer="v"/>
|
||
<xi:include href="standard-specifiers.xml" xpointer="w"/>
|
||
<xi:include href="standard-specifiers.xml" xpointer="W"/>
|
||
<xi:include href="standard-specifiers.xml" xpointer="T"/>
|
||
<xi:include href="standard-specifiers.xml" xpointer="V"/>
|
||
<xi:include href="standard-specifiers.xml" xpointer="percent"/>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</tgroup>
|
||
</table>
|
||
|
||
<para>Do not confuse the <literal>%</literal> specifier expansion prefix with the <literal>@</literal>
|
||
pattern matching wildcard prefix. The former are simple shortcuts that are expanded while the drop-in
|
||
files are parsed, the latter encapsulate a variable part of a match pattern string. For details about
|
||
pattern matching wildcards, see above.</para>
|
||
</refsect1>
|
||
|
||
<refsect1>
|
||
<title>Examples</title>
|
||
|
||
<example>
|
||
<title>Updates for a Verity Enabled Secure OS</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>With the following three files we define a root file system partition, a matching Verity
|
||
partition, and a unified kernel image to update as one. This example is an extension of the example
|
||
discussed earlier in this man page.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para><programlisting># /usr/lib/sysupdate.d/50-verity.conf
|
||
[Transfer]
|
||
ProtectVersion=%A
|
||
|
||
[Source]
|
||
Type=url-file
|
||
Path=https://download.example.com/
|
||
MatchPattern=foobarOS_@v_@u.verity.xz
|
||
|
||
[Target]
|
||
Type=partition
|
||
Path=auto
|
||
MatchPattern=foobarOS_@v_verity
|
||
MatchPartitionType=root-verity
|
||
PartitionFlags=0
|
||
ReadOnly=1</programlisting></para>
|
||
|
||
<para>The above defines the update mechanism for the Verity partition of the root file system. Verity
|
||
partition images are downloaded from
|
||
<literal>https://download.example.com/foobarOS_@v_@u.verity.xz</literal> and written to a suitable
|
||
local partition, which is marked read-only. Under the assumption this update is run from the image
|
||
itself the current image version (i.e. the <literal>%A</literal> specifier) is marked as protected, to
|
||
ensure it is not corrupted while booted. Note that the partition UUID for the target partition is
|
||
encoded in the source file name. Fixating the partition UUID can be useful to ensure that
|
||
<literal>roothash=</literal> on the kernel command line is sufficient to pinpoint both the Verity and
|
||
root file system partition, and also encode the Verity root level hash (under the assumption the UUID
|
||
in the file names match their top-level hash, the way
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-gpt-auto-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
||
suggests).</para>
|
||
|
||
<para><programlisting># /usr/lib/sysupdate.d/60-root.conf
|
||
[Transfer]
|
||
ProtectVersion=%A
|
||
|
||
[Source]
|
||
Type=url-file
|
||
Path=https://download.example.com/
|
||
MatchPattern=foobarOS_@v_@u.root.xz
|
||
|
||
[Target]
|
||
Type=partition
|
||
Path=auto
|
||
MatchPattern=foobarOS_@v
|
||
MatchPartitionType=root
|
||
PartitionFlags=0
|
||
ReadOnly=1</programlisting></para>
|
||
|
||
<para>The above defines a matching transfer definition for the root file system.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para><programlisting># /usr/lib/sysupdate.d/70-kernel.conf
|
||
[Transfer]
|
||
ProtectVersion=%A
|
||
|
||
[Source]
|
||
Type=url-file
|
||
Path=https://download.example.com/
|
||
MatchPattern=foobarOS_@v.efi.xz
|
||
|
||
[Target]
|
||
Type=regular-file
|
||
Path=/EFI/Linux
|
||
PathRelativeTo=boot
|
||
MatchPattern=foobarOS_@v+@l-@d.efi \
|
||
foobarOS_@v+@l.efi \
|
||
foobarOS_@v.efi
|
||
Mode=0444
|
||
TriesLeft=3
|
||
TriesDone=0
|
||
InstancesMax=2</programlisting></para>
|
||
|
||
<para>The above installs a unified kernel image into the $BOOT partition, as per
|
||
<ulink url="https://uapi-group.org/specifications/specs/boot_loader_specification">Boot Loader
|
||
Specification</ulink> Type #2. This defines three possible patterns for the names of the kernel
|
||
images, as per <ulink url="https://systemd.io/AUTOMATIC_BOOT_ASSESSMENT">Automatic Boot Assessment</ulink>,
|
||
and ensures when installing new kernels, they are set up with 3 tries left. No more than two parallel
|
||
kernels are kept.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>With this setup the web server would serve the following files, for a hypothetical version 7 of
|
||
the OS:</para>
|
||
|
||
<itemizedlist>
|
||
<listitem><para><filename>SHA256SUMS</filename> – The manifest file, containing available files and their SHA256 hashes</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para><filename>SHA256SUMS.gpg</filename> – The detached cryptographic signature for the manifest file</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para><filename>foobarOS_7_8b8186b1-2b4e-4eb6-ad39-8d4d18d2a8fb.verity.xz</filename> – The Verity image for version 7</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para><filename>foobarOS_7_f4d1234f-3ebf-47c4-b31d-4052982f9a2f.root.xz</filename> – The root file system image for version 7</para></listitem>
|
||
<listitem><para><filename>foobarOS_7_efi.xz</filename> – The unified kernel image for version 7</para></listitem>
|
||
</itemizedlist>
|
||
|
||
<para>For each new OS release a new set of the latter three files would be added, each time with an
|
||
updated version. The <filename>SHA256SUMS</filename> manifest should then be updated accordingly,
|
||
listing all files for all versions that shall be offered for download.</para>
|
||
</example>
|
||
|
||
<example>
|
||
<title>Updates for Plain Directory Container Image</title>
|
||
|
||
<para><programlisting>
|
||
[Source]
|
||
Type=url-tar
|
||
Path=https://download.example.com/
|
||
MatchPattern=myContainer_@v.tar.gz
|
||
|
||
[Target]
|
||
Type=subvolume
|
||
Path=/var/lib/machines
|
||
MatchPattern=myContainer_@v
|
||
CurrentSymlink=myContainer</programlisting></para>
|
||
|
||
<para>On updates this downloads <literal>https://download.example.com/myContainer_@v.tar.gz</literal>
|
||
and decompresses/unpacks it to <filename>/var/lib/machines/myContainer_@v</filename>. After each update
|
||
a symlink <filename>/var/lib/machines/myContainer</filename> is created/updated always pointing to the
|
||
most recent update.</para>
|
||
</example>
|
||
</refsect1>
|
||
|
||
<refsect1>
|
||
<title>See Also</title>
|
||
<para><simplelist type="inline">
|
||
<member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
|
||
<member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-sysupdate</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
|
||
<member><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-repart</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></member>
|
||
</simplelist></para>
|
||
</refsect1>
|
||
|
||
</refentry>
|