To determine the network interface type for use in the `Type=` directive, it is more concise to use the `list` command. Whereas, the `status` command requires an interface parameter.
For example, on a RaspberryPi 4 the following shows that the `wlan0` interface type `wlan` is more coveniently listed by the `list` command.
```
root@raspberrypi4-64:~# networkctl list
IDX LINK TYPE OPERATIONAL SETUP
1 lo loopback carrier unmanaged
2 eth0 ether routable configured
3 wlan0 wlan off unmanaged
3 links listed.
```
Whereas the `networkctl status` command doesn't include this information.
```
root@raspberrypi4-64:~# networkctl status
● State: routable
Address: 192.168.1.141 on eth0
fd8b:8779:b7a4::f43 on eth0
fd8b:8779:b7a4:0:dea6:32ff:febe:d1ce on eth0
fe80::dea6:32ff:febe:d1ce on eth0
Gateway: 192.168.1.1 (CZ.NIC, z.s.p.o.) on eth0
DNS: 192.168.1.1
May 07 14:17:18 raspberrypi4-64 systemd-networkd[212]: eth0: Gained carrier
May 07 14:17:19 raspberrypi4-64 systemd-networkd[212]: eth0: Gained IPv6LL
May 07 14:17:19 raspberrypi4-64 systemd-networkd[212]: eth0: DHCPv6 address fd8b:8779:b7a4::f43/128 timeout preferred -1 valid -1
May 07 14:17:21 raspberrypi4-64 systemd-networkd[212]: eth0: DHCPv4 address 192.168.1.141/24 via 192.168.1.1
```
To get the interface type using the `status` command you need to specify an additional argument.
```
root@raspberrypi4-64:~# networkctl status wlan0
● 3: wlan0
Link File: /lib/systemd/network/99-default.link
Network File: n/a
Type: wlan
State: off (unmanaged)
Path: platform-fe300000.mmcnr
Driver: brcmfmac
HW Address: dc:a6:32:be:d1:cf (Raspberry Pi Trading Ltd)
MTU: 1500 (min: 68, max: 1500)
QDisc: noop
IPv6 Address Generation Mode: eui64
Queue Length (Tx/Rx): 1/1
```
This ensures we not only synthesize regular paswd/group records of
userdb records, but shadow records as well. This should make sure that
userdb can be used as comprehensive superset of the classic
passwd/group/shadow/gshadow functionality.
Some tokens support authorization via fingerprint or other biometric
ID. Add support for "user verification" to cryptenroll and cryptsetup.
Disable by default, as it is still quite uncommon.
In some cases user presence might not be required to get _a_
secret out of a FIDO2 device, but it might be required to
the get actual secret that was used to lock the volume.
Record whether we used it in the LUKS header JSON metadata.
Let the cryptenroll user ask for the feature, but bail out if it is
required by the token and the user disabled it.
Enabled by default.
Closes: https://github.com/systemd/systemd/issues/19246
Some FIDO2 devices allow the user to choose whether to use a PIN or not
and will HMAC with a different secret depending on the choice.
Some other devices (or some device-specific configuration) can instead
make it mandatory.
Allow the cryptenroll user to choose whether to use a PIN or not, but
fail immediately if it is a hard requirement.
Record the choice in the JSON-encoded LUKS header metadata so that the
right set of options can be used on unlock.
On headless setups, in case other methods fail, asking for a password/pin
is not useful as there are no users on the terminal, and generates
unwanted noise. Add a parameter to /etc/crypttab to skip it.
$ coredumpctl info |grep Command
Command Line: bash -c kill -SEGV $$ (before)
Command Line: bash -c "kill -SEGV \$\$" (road not taken, C quotes)
Command Line: bash -c $'kill -SEGV $$' (now, POSIX quotes)
Before we wouldn't use any quoting, making it impossible to figure how the
command line was split into arguments. We could use "normal" quotes, but this
has the disadvantage that the commandline *looks* like it could be pasted into
the terminal and executed, but this is not true: various non-printable
characters cannot be expressed in this quoting style. (This is not visible in
this example). Thus, "POSIX quotes" are used, which should allow any command
line to be expressed acurrately and pasted directly into a shell prompt to
reexecute.
I wonder if we should another field in the coredump entry that simply shows the
original cmdline with embedded NULs, in the original /proc/*/cmdline
format. This would allow clients to format the data as they see fit. But I
think we'd want to keep the serialized form anyway, for backwards compatibility.
This commit applies the filtering imposed by LogLevelMax on a unit's
processes to messages logged by PID1 about the unit as well.
The target use case for this feature is a service that runs on a timer
many times an hour, where the system administrator decides that writing
a generic success message to the journal every few minutes or seconds
adds no diagnostic value and isn't worth the clutter or disk I/O.
The maximum allowed value of the sysfs device index entry was limited to
16383 (2^14-1) to avoid the generation of unreasonable onboard interface
names.
For s390 the index can assume a value of up to 65535 (2^16-1) which is
now allowed depending on the new naming flag NAMING_16BIT_INDEX.
Larger index values are considered unreasonable and remain to be
ignored.
This allows to limit units to machines that run on a certain firmware
type. For device tree defined machines checking against the machine's
compatible is also possible.
Similar to sd_bus_error_has_names() that was added in
2b07ec316a.
It is made inline in the hope that the compiler will be able to optimize
all the va_args boilerplate away, and do an efficient comparison when
the arguments are all constants.
In man pages, horizontal space it at premium, and everything should
generally be indented with 2 spaces to make it more likely that the
examples fit on a user's screen.
C.f. 798d3a524e.
Let's make the GPT partition flags configurable when creating new
partitions. This is primarily useful for the read-only flag (which we
want to set for verity enabled partitions).
This adds two settings for this: Flags= and ReadOnly=, which strictly
speaking are redundant. The main reason to have both is that usually the
ReadOnly= setting is the one wants to control, and it' more generic.
Moreover we might later on introduce inherting of flags from CopyBlocks=
partitions, where one might want to control most flags as is except for
the RO flag and similar, hence let's keep them separate.
When using systemd-repart as an installer that replicates the install
medium on another medium it is useful to reference the root
partition/usr partition or verity data that is currently booted, in
particular in A/B scenarios where we have two copies and want to
reference the one we currently use. Let's add a CopyBlocks=auto for this
case: for a partition that uses that we'll copy a suitable partition
from the host.
CopyBlocks=auto finds the partition to copy like this: based on the
configured partition type uuid we determine the usual mount point (i.e.
for the /usr partition type we determine /usr/, and so on). We then
figure out the block device behind that path, through dm-verity and
dm-crypt if necessary. Finally, we compare the partition type uuid of
the partition found that way with the one we are supposed to fill and
only use it if it matches (the latter is primarily important on
dm-verity setups where a volume is likely backed by two partitions and
we need to find the right one).
This is particularly fun to use in conjunction with --image= (where
we'll restrict the device search onto the specify device, for security
reasons), as this allows "duplicating" an image like this:
# systemd-repart --image=source.raw --empty=create --size=auto target.raw
If the right repart data is embedded into "source.raw" this will be able
to create and initialize a partition table on target.raw that carrries
all needed partitions, and will stream the source's file systems onto it
as configured.
So far we already had the CopyFiles= option in systemd-repart drop-in
files, as a mechanism for populating freshly formatted file systems with
files and directories. This adds MakeDirectories= in similar style, and
creates simple directories as listed. The option is of course entirely
redundant, since the same can be done with CopyFiles= simply by copying
in a directory. It's kinda nice to encode the dirs to create directly in
the drop-in files however, instead of providing a directory subtree to
copy in somehere, to make the files more self-contained — since often
just creating dirs is entirely sufficient.
The main usecase for this are GPT OS images that carry only a /usr/
tree, and for which a root file system is only formatted on first boot
via repart. Without any additional CopyFiles=/MakeDirectories=
configuration these root file systems are entirely empty of course
initially. To mount in the /usr/ tree, a directory inode for /usr/ to
mount over needs to be created. systemd-nspawn will do so automatically
when booting up the image, as will the initrd during boot. However, this
requires the image to be writable – which is OK for npawn and
initrd-based boots, but there are plenty tools where read-only operation
is desirable after repart ran, before the image was booted for the first
time. Specifically, "systemd-dissect" opens the image in read-only to
inspect its contents, and this will only work of /usr/ can be properly
mounted. Moreover systemd-dissect --mount --read-only won't succeed
either if the fs is read-only.
Via MakeDirectories= we now provide a way that ensures that the image
can be mounted/inspected in a fully read-only way immediately after
systemd-repart completed. Specifically, let's consider a GPT disk image
shipping with a file usr/lib/repart.d/50-root.conf:
[Partition]
Type=root
Format=btrfs
MakeDirectories=/usr
MakeDirectories=/efi
With this in place systemd-repart will create a root partition when run,
and add /usr and /efi into it as directory inods. This ensures that the
whole image can then be mounted truly read-only anf /usr and /efi can be
overmounted by the /usr partition and the ESP.
This is similar to the --image= switch in the other tools, like
systemd-sysusers or systemd-tmpfiles, i.e. it apply the configuration
from the image to the image.
This is particularly useful for downloading minimized GPT image, and
then extending it to the desired size via:
# systemd-repart --image=foo.image --size=5G
The commit 0b81225e57 makes that networkd
remove all foreign rules except those with "proto kernel".
But, in some situation, people may want to manage routing policy rules
with other tools, e.g. 'ip' command. To support such the situation,
this introduce ManageForeignRoutingPolicyRules= boolean setting.
Closes#19106.
There are two ambiguity in the original description:
1. It will delay all RUN instructions, include builtin.
2. It will delay before running RUN, not each of RUN{program} instructions.
- Handle BPFProgram= property in string format
"<bpf_attach_type>:<bpffs_path>", e.g. egress:/sys/fs/bpf/egress-hook.
- Add dbus getter to list foreign bpf programs attached to a cgroup.
create_fifo() was added in a2fc2f8dd3, and
would always ignore failure. The test was trying to fail in this case, but
we actually don't fail, which seems to be correct. We didn't notice before
because the test was ineffective.
To make things consistent, generally log at warning level, but don't propagate
the error. For symlinks, log at debug level, as before.
For 'e', failure is not propagated now. The test is adjusted to match.
I think warning is appropriate in most cases: we do not expect a device node to
be replaced by a different device node or even a non-device file. This would
most likely be an error somewhere. An exception is made for symlinks, which are
mismatched on purpose, for example /etc/resolv.conf. With this patch, we don't
get any warnings with the any of the 74 tmpfiles.d files, which suggests that
increasing the warning levels will not cause too many unexpected warnings. If
it turns out that there are valid cases where people have expected mismatches
for non-symlink types, we can always decrease the log levels again.
We didn't document this behaviour one way or another, so I think it's
OK to change. All callers do the NULL check before callling this to avoid
the assert warning, so it seems reasonable to do it internally.
sd_bus_can_send() is similar, but there we expressly say that an
error is returned on NULL, so I didn't change it.
Append 'package' and 'packageVersion' to the journal as discrete fields
COREDUMP_PKGMETA_PACKAGE and COREDUMP_PKGMETA_PACKAGEVERSION respectively,
and the full json blurb as COREDUMP_PKGMETA_JSON.
In some instances, particularly with swap on zram, swap used will be high
while there is still a lot of memory available. FB OOMD handles this by
thresholding kills to X% of total swap usage. Let's do the same thing here.
Anecdotally with these thresholds and my laptop which is exclusively swap
on zram I can sit at 0K / 4G swap free with most of memory free and
systemd-oomd doesn't kill anything.
Partially addresses aggressive kill behavior from
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1941170
The s390 PCI driver assigns the hotplug slot name from the
function_id attribute of the PCI device using a 8 char hexadecimal
format to match the underlying firmware/hypervisor notation.
Further, there's always a one-to-one mapping between a PCI
function and a hotplug slot, as individual functions can
hot plugged even for multi-function devices.
As the generic matching code will always try to parse the slot
name in /sys/bus/pci/slots as a positive decimal number, either
a wrong value might be produced for ID_NET_NAME_SLOT if
the slot name consists of decimal numbers only, or none at all
if a character in the range from 'a' to 'f' is encountered.
Additionally, the generic code assumes that two interfaces
share a hotplug slot, if they differ only in the function part
of the PCI address. E.g., for an interface with the PCI address
dddd:bb:aa.f, it will match the device to the first slot with
an address dddd:bb:aa. As more than one slot may have this address
for the s390 PCI driver, the wrong slot may be selected.
To resolve this we're adding a new naming schema version with the
flag NAMING_SLOT_FUNCTION_ID, which enables the correct matching
of hotplug slots if the device has an attribute named function_id.
The ID_NET_NAME_SLOT property will only be produced if there's
a file /sys/bus/pci/slots/<slotname> where <slotname> matches
the value of /sys/bus/pci/devices/.../function_id in 8 char
hex notation.
Fixes#19016
See also #19078
It was one giant all of text in pseudo-random order. Let's split it into
paragraphs talk about one subject each.
And unfortunately, the description of what happens when the error is not
set was not correct. In general, various functions treat 0/NULL as
not-an-error, and return 0.
Add an --extension parameter to portablectl, and new DBUS methods
to attach/detach/reattach/inspect.
Allows to append separate images on top of the root directory (os-release
will be searched in there) and mount the images using an overlay-like
setup (unit files will be searched in there) using the new ExtensionImages
service option.
This specifes two new optional fields for /etc/os-release:
IMAGE_VERSION= and IMAGE_ID= that are supposed to identify the image of
the current booted system by name and version.
This is inspired by the versioning stuff in
https://github.com/systemd/mkosi/pull/683.
In environments where pre-built images are installed and updated as a
whole the existing os-release version/distro identifier are not
sufficient to describe the system's version, as they describe only the
distro an image is built from, but not the image itself, even if that
image is deployed many times on many systems, and even if that image
contains more resources than just the RPMs/DEBs.
In particular, "mkosi" is a tool for building disk images based on
distro RPMs with additional resources dropped in. The combination of all
of these together with their versions should also carry an identifier
and version, and that's what IMAGE_VERSION= and IMAGE_ID= is supposed to
be.
This adds generic support for the SetCredential=/LoadCredential= logic
to our password querying infrastructure: if a password is requested by a
program that has a credential store configured via
$CREDENTIALS_DIRECTORY we'll look in it for a password.
The "systemd-ask-password" tool is updated with an option to specify the
credential to look for.
Let's make use of our own credentials infrastructure in our tools: let's
hook up systemd-sysusers with the credentials logic, so that the root
password can be provisioned this way. This is really useful when working
with stateless systems, in particular nspawn's "--volatile=yes" switch,
as this works now:
# systemd-nspawn -i foo.raw --volatile=yes --set-credential=passwd.plaintext-password:foo
For the first time we have a nice, non-interactive way to provision the
root password for a fully stateless system from the container manager.
Yay!
This allows "LoadCredentials=foo" to be used as shortcut for
"LoadCredentials=foo:foo", i.e. it's a very short way to inherit a
credential under its original name from the service manager into a
service.
When using hidepid=invisible on procfs, the kernel will check if the
gid of the process trying to access /proc is the same as the gid of
the process that mounted the /proc instance, or if it has the ptrace
capability:
https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/v5.10/fs/proc/base.c#L723https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/v5.10/fs/proc/root.c#L155
Given we set up the /proc instance as root for system services,
The same restriction applies to CAP_SYS_PTRACE, if a process runs with
it then hidepid=invisible has no effect.
ProtectProc effectively can only be used with User= or DynamicUser=yes,
without CAP_SYS_PTRACE.
Update the documentation to explicitly state these limitations.
Fixes#18997
Tables with only one column aren't really tables, they are lists. And if
each cell only consists of a single word, they are probably better
written in a single line. Hence, shorten the man page a bit, and list
boot loader spec partition types in a simple sentence.
Also, drop "root-secondary" from the list. When dissecting images we'll
upgrade "root-secondary" to "root" if we mount it, and do so only if
"root" doesn't exist. Hence never mention "root-secondary" as we never
will mount a partition under that id.
It's useful to be able to combine a regular /usr/ file system with a
tmpfs as root, for an OS that boots up in volatile mode on every single
boot. Let's add explicit support for this via root=tmpfs.
Note the relationship to the existing systemd.volatile= option:
1. The kernel command line "root=/dev/… systemd.volatile=yes" will mount
the specified root fs, and then hide everything at the top by
overmounting it with a tmpfs, except for the /usr subtree.
2. The kernel command line "root=tmpfs mount.usr=/dev/…" otoh will mount
a toot fs at the top (just like the case above), but will then mount
the top-level dir of the fs specified in mount.usr= directly below
it.
Or to say this differently: in the first case /usr/ from the physical
storage fs is going to become /usr/ of the hierarchy ultimately booted,
while in the second case / from the physical storage fs is going to
become /usr of the hierarchy booted.
Philosophically I figure systemd.volatile= is more an option for
"one-off" boots, while root=tmpfs is something to have as default mode
of operation for suitable images.
This is currently hard to test reasonably, since Dracut refuses to
accept root=tmpfs. This needs to be addressed separately though.
This got moved under the systemd umbrella a long time ago.
Github redirects from the old path, so the link worked, but it's
nicer to use the real location.
