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NEWS: start putting together NEWS for v249
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Lennart Poettering
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51df483846
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255
NEWS
255
NEWS
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@ -1,5 +1,260 @@
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systemd System and Service Manager
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CHANGES WITH 249 in spe:
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* When operating on disk images via the --image= switch of various
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tools (such as systemd-nspawn or systemd-dissect), and multiple
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suitable root or /usr/ partitions exist in the image, then a simple
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strverscmp() inspired comparison is done on the GPT partition label,
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and the newest partition picked. This permits a simple and generic
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whole-file-system A/B update logic where new operating system
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versions are dropped into partitions whose label is then updated with
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a matching version identifier.
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* systemd-sysusers now supports querying the passwords to set for the
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users it creates via the "credentials" logic introduced in v247: the
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passwd.hashed-password.<user> and passwd.plaintext-password.<user>
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credentials are consulted for the password to use (either in UNIX
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hashed form, or literally). By default these credentials are inherited
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down from PID1 (which in turn imports it from a container manager if
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there is one). This permits easy configuration of user passwords
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during first boot. Example:
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# systemd-nspawn -i foo.raw --volatile=yes --set-credential=passwd.plaintext-password.root:foo
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Note that systemd-sysusers operates in purely additive mode: it
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executes no operation if the declared users already exist, and hence
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doesn't set any passwords as effect of the command line above if the
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specified root user exists already in the image. (Note that
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--volatile=yes ensures it doesn't, though.)
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* systemd-firstboot now also supports querying various system
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parameters via the credential subsystems. Thus, as above this may be
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used to initialize important system parameters on first boot of
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previously unprovisioned images (i.e. images with a mostly empty
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/etc/).
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* The systemd-ask-password now also supports reading passwords from the
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credentials subsystem, via the new --credential= switch.
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* Services gained a new ExitType= setting which can configure how to
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determine when a service exited: the default is "main" which defines
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the runtime by the service's main process lifetime (this matches the
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only behaviour implemented in v248 and before), but with "cgroup" the
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runtime is defined by the existence of any process in the service's
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cgroup.
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* The systemd-machine-id-setup tool now supports a --image= switch for
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provisioning a machine ID file into an OS disk image, similar to how
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--root= operates on an OS file tree. This matches the existing switch
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of the same name to the systemd-tmpfiles, systemd-firstboot or
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systemd-sysusers tools.
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* Similar, systemd-repart gained support for a --image= switch, too. In
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combination with the existing --size= makes the tool particularly
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useful for easily growing disk images in a single command invocation,
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following the declarative rules included in the image itself.
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* systemd-repart's partition configuration files gained support for a
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new switch MakeDirectories= which may be used to create arbitrary
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directories inside file systems that are created, before registering
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them in the partition table. This is useful in particular if root
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partitions are created that way to create mount point directories for
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other partitions included in the image. For example, a disk image
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that is created to contain a /home/ and a /var/ partition in addition
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to a root partition may MakeDirectories= to create /home/ and /var/
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as empty directories in the root file system on creation so that the
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resulting image can mounted immediately, even in read-only mode.
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* systemd-repart's CopyBlocks= setting gained support for a special
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value "auto". If used a suitable, matching partition on the booted OS
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is found as source to copy blocks from. This is useful for
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implementing replicating installers, that are booted from one medium
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and then stream their own root partition on the target medium.
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* systemd-repart's partition configuration files gained support for a
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Flags= and a ReadOnly= setting, allowing control of the GPT partition
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flags for the created partitions: this is useful for marking newly
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created partitions as read-only from the start.
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* The /etc/os-release file has been extended with two new (optional)
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variables IMAGE_VERSION= and IMAGE_ID=, for carrying identification
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and versioning information for OS images that are updated
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consistently, comprehensively and atomically as one image. The two
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new specifiers %M, %A now resolve to these two fields in the various
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configuration options that resolve specifiers.
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* portablectl gained a new switch --extension= for enabling portable
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service images with extensions that follow the extension image
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concept introduced with v248.
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* systemd-coredump will now extract ELF build-id information from
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processes dumping core and include it in the coredump
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report. Moreover, if will look for ELF .note.package sections that
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may carry distribution packaging meta-information about the crashing
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process. This is useful to directly embed the RPM or Debian (or any
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other) package name and version in the ELF files where they originate
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from, making it easy to match up coredump reports with the software
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versions they were found it. This is particular useful on
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environments with ELF files form multiple vendors, different
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distributions and versions, as it is common today, in particular in a
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containerized and sand-boxed world. For further information, see:
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https://systemd.io/COREDUMP_PACKAGE_METADATA
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* A new udev hwdb has been added for Firewire audio devices
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* sd-bus' sd_bus_is_ready() and sd_bus_is_open() calls now accept a
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NULL bus object, for which they will return false. Or in other words,
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an unallocated bus connection is neither ready nor open.
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* The native Journal protocol has been documented. Clients may talk
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this as alternative to the classic BSD syslog protocol for locally
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delivering log records to the Journal. The protocol has been stable
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since a long time and in fact been implemented already in a variety
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of alternative client libraries. This documentation makes the support
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for that official:
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https://systemd.io/JOURNAL_NATIVE_PROTOCOL
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* A new BPFProgram= setting has been added to service files. It may be
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set to a path to a loaded kernel BPF program, i.e. a path to a bpffs
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file, or a bind mount or symlink to one. This may be used to upload
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and manage BPF programs externally and then hook arbitrary systemd
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services into them.
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* The "home.arpa" domain that has been officially declared as the
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choice for domain for local home networks per RFC 8375 has been added
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to the default NTA list of resolved, since DNSSEC is generally not
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available on private domains.
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* The CPUAffinity= setting of unit files now resolves "%" specifiers.
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* A new ManageForeignRoutingPolicyRules= setting has been added to
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.network files which may be used to exclude foreign-created routing
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policy rules from systemd-networkd management.
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* systemd-network-wait-online gained two new switches -4 and -6 that
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may be used to tweak whether to wait for only IPv4 or only IPv6
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connectivity.
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* .network files gained a new RequiredFamilyForOnline= setting to
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fine-tune whether to require an IPv4 or IPv6 address in order to
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consider an interface "online".
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* The RestrictAddressFamilies= setting in service files now supports a
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new special value "none". If specified sockets of all address
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families will be made unavailable to services configured that way.
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* The DHCP server logic configured in .network files gained a new
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setting RelayTarget= that turns the server into a DHCP server relay.
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* The sd-device API acquired a new API function
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sd_device_get_usec_initialized() that returns the monotonic timestamp
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when a udev device appeared in the database first.
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* systemd-fstab-generator and systemd-repart have been updated to
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support booting from disks that carry only a /usr/ partition but no
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root partition yet, but where systemd-repart can add them in on first
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boot. This is useful for implementing systems that ship with a single
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/usr/ file system and whose root file system shall be set up on a
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LUKS encrypted volume whose key is generated locally (and possibly
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enrolled in TPM), and which is set up and formatted during first
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boot.
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* The [Address] section of .network files now accepts a new
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RouteMetric= setting that configures the routing metric to use for
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the prefix route created as effect of the address
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configuration. Similar, the [DHCPv6PrefixDelegation] and [IPv6Prefix]
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sections gained matching settings for their prefix routes. (The
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option of the same name of the [DHCPv6] section is moved to
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[IPv6AcceptRA], since it conceptually belongs there; the old option
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is still understood for compatibility.)
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* The DHCPv6 IAID and DUID are now explicitly configurable in .network
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files.
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* A new udev property ID_NET_DHCP_BROADCAST on network interface
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devices is not honoured by systemd-networkd, that controls whether to
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issue DHCP offers via broadcasting. This is used to ensure that s390
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layer 3 network interfaces work out-of-the-box with systemd-networkd.
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* nss-myhostname and systemd-resolved will now synthesize address
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records for a new special hostname "_outbound". The name will always
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resolve to the local IP addresses most likely used for outbound
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connections towards the default route. On multi-homed hosts this is
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useful to have a stable handle referring to "the" local IP address
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that matters most, to the point where this is defined.
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* The Discoverable Partition Specification has been updated with a new
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GPT partition flag defined its partition types: a "growfs"
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flag. Whenever partitions with this flag set are automatically
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mounted (i.e. via systemd-gpt-auto-generator or the --image= switch
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of systemd-nspawn or other tools; and as opposed to explicit mounting
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via /etc/fstab), the file system within the partition is
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automatically grown to the full size of the partition should it be
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smaller. If the file system size already matches the partition size
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this flag has no effect. Previously, this functionality has been
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available via the explicit x-systemd.growfs mount option, and this
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new flag extends this to automatically discovered mounts. A new
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GrowFileSystem= setting has been added to systemd-repart drop-in
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files that allows configuring this partition flag. This new flag
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defaults to on for partitions automatically created by
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systemd-repart, except if they are marked read-only. See the
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specification for further details:
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https://systemd.io/DISCOVERABLE_PARTITIONS
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* .network files gained a new setting RoutToNTP= in the [DHCPv4]
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section. If enabled (which is the default), and an NTP server address
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is acquired through a DHCP lease on this interface an explicit route
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to this address is created on this interface to ensure that NTP
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traffic to the NTP server acquired on an interface is also routed
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trough that interface. The pre-existing RoutesToDNS= setting that
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implements the same for DNS servers is now enabled by default.
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* A pair of service settings SocketBindAllow= + SocketBindDeny= have
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been added that may be used to restrict the network interfaces
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sockets created by the service may be bound to. This is implemented
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via BPF.
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* A new ConditionFirmware= condition type has been added to unit
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files. It may be used to detect certain firmware features. At the
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moment it may check whether running on an UEFI system, a device.tree
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system or if the system is compatible with some specified device-tree
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feature.
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* hostnamed gained a new Describe() D-Bus method that returns a JSON
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serialization of the host data it exposes. This is exposed via
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"hostnamectl --json=" to acquire a host identity description in
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JSON. It's our intention to add a similar concept to most services
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and objects systemd manages, in order to simplify integration with
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program code the consumes JSON.
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* hostnamectl's various set-xyz verbs (e.g. "hostnamectl set-hostname")
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have been renamed to just xyz (e.g. "hostnamectl hostname") and may
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now be used to acquire the indicated data in terse form, instead of
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only setting it. The old names continue to be supported for
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compatibility.
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* systemd-detect-virt and ConditionVirtualization= are now able to
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correctly identify Amazon EC2 environments.
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* The LogLevelMax= setting of unit files now applies not only to log
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messages generated *by* the service, but also to log messages
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generated *about* the service by PID 1. To suppress logs concerning a
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specific service comprehensively, set this option to a high log
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level.
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* bootctl gained support for a new --make-machine-id-directory= switch
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that allows precise control on whether to create the top-level
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per-machine directory in the boot partition that typically contain
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Type #1 boot loader entries.
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…
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CHANGES WITH 248:
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* A concept of system extension images is introduced. Such images may
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