2012-01-25 01:20:38 +00:00
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systemd System and Service Manager
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2010-05-13 01:30:21 +00:00
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DETAILS:
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http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/systemd.html
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WEB SITE:
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2017-02-21 14:56:04 +00:00
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https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd
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2010-05-13 01:30:21 +00:00
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GIT:
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2015-06-02 22:57:50 +00:00
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git@github.com:systemd/systemd.git
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https://github.com/systemd/systemd
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2010-05-13 01:30:21 +00:00
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MAILING LIST:
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2017-02-21 14:56:04 +00:00
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https://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/systemd-devel
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2010-05-13 01:30:21 +00:00
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IRC:
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#systemd on irc.freenode.org
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BUG REPORTS:
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2015-06-02 22:57:50 +00:00
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https://github.com/systemd/systemd/issues
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2010-05-13 01:30:21 +00:00
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AUTHOR:
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2012-04-11 22:20:58 +00:00
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Lennart Poettering
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Kay Sievers
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...and many others
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2010-05-13 01:30:21 +00:00
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2011-07-14 21:53:53 +00:00
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LICENSE:
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2012-04-11 22:20:58 +00:00
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LGPLv2.1+ for all code
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2015-06-09 12:27:33 +00:00
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- except src/basic/MurmurHash2.c which is Public Domain
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- except src/basic/siphash24.c which is CC0 Public Domain
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2013-08-14 20:58:21 +00:00
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- except src/journal/lookup3.c which is Public Domain
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- except src/udev/* which is (currently still) GPLv2, GPLv2+
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2019-10-06 15:59:53 +00:00
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- except tools/chromiumos/* which is BSD-style
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2011-07-14 21:53:53 +00:00
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2010-05-13 01:30:21 +00:00
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REQUIREMENTS:
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2017-03-02 18:11:37 +00:00
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Linux kernel >= 3.13
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2015-09-06 13:58:20 +00:00
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Linux kernel >= 4.2 for unified cgroup hierarchy support
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2020-06-02 14:35:58 +00:00
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Linux kernel >= 5.4 for signed Verity images support
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2014-03-22 17:27:35 +00:00
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Kernel Config Options:
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2013-03-06 18:36:39 +00:00
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CONFIG_DEVTMPFS
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2014-05-03 17:15:23 +00:00
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CONFIG_CGROUPS (it is OK to disable all controllers)
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2013-03-06 18:36:39 +00:00
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CONFIG_INOTIFY_USER
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CONFIG_SIGNALFD
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CONFIG_TIMERFD
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CONFIG_EPOLL
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2013-03-06 18:51:52 +00:00
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CONFIG_NET
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2013-03-06 18:36:39 +00:00
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CONFIG_SYSFS
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2013-12-09 15:04:06 +00:00
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CONFIG_PROC_FS
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2014-02-15 16:21:49 +00:00
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CONFIG_FHANDLE (libudev, mount and bind mount handling)
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2013-03-06 18:36:39 +00:00
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2017-02-26 03:42:27 +00:00
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Kernel crypto/hash API
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CONFIG_CRYPTO_USER_API_HASH
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CONFIG_CRYPTO_HMAC
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CONFIG_CRYPTO_SHA256
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2014-08-30 09:34:20 +00:00
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udev will fail to work with the legacy sysfs layout:
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2013-03-06 19:01:45 +00:00
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CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED=n
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2013-03-06 18:36:39 +00:00
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Legacy hotplug slows down the system and confuses udev:
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CONFIG_UEVENT_HELPER_PATH=""
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2014-08-30 09:34:20 +00:00
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Userspace firmware loading is not supported and should
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be disabled in the kernel:
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2013-03-06 18:36:39 +00:00
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CONFIG_FW_LOADER_USER_HELPER=n
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Some udev rules and virtualization detection relies on it:
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CONFIG_DMIID
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2013-09-15 05:29:25 +00:00
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Support for some SCSI devices serial number retrieval, to
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create additional symlinks in /dev/disk/ and /dev/tape:
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CONFIG_BLK_DEV_BSG
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2018-01-15 16:55:11 +00:00
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Required for PrivateNetwork= in service units:
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2014-03-31 18:28:23 +00:00
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CONFIG_NET_NS
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2014-12-30 14:57:01 +00:00
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Note that systemd-localed.service and other systemd units use
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2018-01-15 16:55:11 +00:00
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PrivateNetwork so this is effectively required.
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2014-03-31 18:28:23 +00:00
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2017-02-06 20:13:21 +00:00
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Required for PrivateUsers= in service units:
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2017-01-24 02:18:07 +00:00
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CONFIG_USER_NS
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2013-03-06 18:36:39 +00:00
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Optional but strongly recommended:
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CONFIG_IPV6
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CONFIG_AUTOFS4_FS
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CONFIG_TMPFS_XATTR
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2018-01-04 07:53:44 +00:00
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CONFIG_{TMPFS,EXT4_FS,XFS,BTRFS_FS,...}_POSIX_ACL
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2013-03-06 19:01:45 +00:00
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CONFIG_SECCOMP
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2016-09-05 22:16:13 +00:00
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CONFIG_SECCOMP_FILTER (required for seccomp support)
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2015-05-18 14:35:24 +00:00
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CONFIG_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE (for the kcmp() syscall)
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2013-03-06 18:36:39 +00:00
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2015-07-11 17:18:35 +00:00
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Required for CPUShares= in resource control unit settings
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2014-06-10 21:29:30 +00:00
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CONFIG_CGROUP_SCHED
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CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED
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2015-07-11 17:18:35 +00:00
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Required for CPUQuota= in resource control unit settings
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2014-11-18 15:13:43 +00:00
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CONFIG_CFS_BANDWIDTH
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2017-11-21 22:54:20 +00:00
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Required for IPAddressDeny= and IPAddressAllow= in resource control
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unit settings
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CONFIG_CGROUP_BPF
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2013-03-06 19:01:45 +00:00
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For UEFI systems:
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2014-03-22 00:41:12 +00:00
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CONFIG_EFIVAR_FS
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2013-03-06 19:01:45 +00:00
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CONFIG_EFI_PARTITION
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2020-06-02 14:35:58 +00:00
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Required for signed Verity images support:
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CONFIG_DM_VERITY_VERIFY_ROOTHASH_SIG
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2015-07-11 17:18:35 +00:00
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We recommend to turn off Real-Time group scheduling in the
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kernel when using systemd. RT group scheduling effectively
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makes RT scheduling unavailable for most userspace, since it
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requires explicit assignment of RT budgets to each unit whose
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processes making use of RT. As there's no sensible way to
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assign these budgets automatically this cannot really be
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fixed, and it's best to disable group scheduling hence.
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CONFIG_RT_GROUP_SCHED=n
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2017-07-24 09:28:04 +00:00
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It's a good idea to disable the implicit creation of networking bonding
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devices by the kernel networking bonding module, so that the
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automatically created "bond0" interface doesn't conflict with any such
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2017-08-02 12:41:18 +00:00
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device created by systemd-networkd (or other tools). Ideally there
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would be a kernel compile-time option for this, but there currently
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isn't. The next best thing is to make this change through a modprobe.d
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drop-in. This is shipped by default, see modprobe.d/systemd.conf.
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2017-07-24 09:28:04 +00:00
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2018-01-15 16:55:11 +00:00
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Required for systemd-nspawn:
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CONFIG_DEVPTS_MULTIPLE_INSTANCES or Linux kernel >= 4.7
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2013-05-09 22:14:12 +00:00
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Note that kernel auditing is broken when used with systemd's
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container code. When using systemd in conjunction with
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2013-10-21 23:50:48 +00:00
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containers, please make sure to either turn off auditing at
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2013-05-09 22:14:12 +00:00
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runtime using the kernel command line option "audit=0", or
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turn it off at kernel compile time using:
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CONFIG_AUDIT=n
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2014-03-11 04:40:36 +00:00
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If systemd is compiled with libseccomp support on
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architectures which do not use socketcall() and where seccomp
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is supported (this effectively means x86-64 and ARM, but
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2014-05-03 17:15:24 +00:00
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excludes 32-bit x86!), then nspawn will now install a
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2014-03-11 04:40:36 +00:00
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work-around seccomp filter that makes containers boot even
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with audit being enabled. This works correctly only on kernels
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3.14 and newer though. TL;DR: turn audit off, still.
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2013-05-09 22:14:12 +00:00
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2015-04-10 17:39:17 +00:00
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glibc >= 2.16
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2011-02-16 18:09:11 +00:00
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libcap
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2017-09-15 12:47:57 +00:00
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libmount >= 2.30 (from util-linux)
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(util-linux *must* be built without --enable-libmount-support-mtab)
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2016-10-05 11:58:55 +00:00
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libseccomp >= 2.3.1 (optional)
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2014-12-13 00:56:56 +00:00
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libblkid >= 2.24 (from util-linux) (optional)
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2013-10-17 17:49:19 +00:00
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libkmod >= 15 (optional)
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2011-02-16 18:09:11 +00:00
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PAM >= 1.1.2 (optional)
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2020-06-02 14:35:58 +00:00
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libcryptsetup (optional), >= 2.3.0 required for signed Verity images support
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2011-02-16 18:09:11 +00:00
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libaudit (optional)
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2011-07-12 11:57:48 +00:00
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libacl (optional)
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2011-02-16 18:09:11 +00:00
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libselinux (optional)
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2011-07-12 11:57:48 +00:00
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liblzma (optional)
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2018-10-29 17:32:51 +00:00
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liblz4 >= 1.3.0 / 130 (optional)
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2020-04-11 23:09:05 +00:00
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libzstd >= 1.4.0 (optional)
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2012-09-27 22:46:32 +00:00
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libgcrypt (optional)
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libqrencode (optional)
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libmicrohttpd (optional)
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2012-11-22 14:30:50 +00:00
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libpython (optional)
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2017-05-10 01:56:34 +00:00
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libidn2 or libidn (optional)
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2019-10-29 19:26:05 +00:00
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gnutls >= 3.1.4 (optional, >= 3.6.0 is required to support DNS-over-TLS with gnutls)
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2018-07-26 21:47:50 +00:00
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openssl >= 1.1.0 (optional, required to support DNS-over-TLS with openssl)
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2014-06-23 10:42:17 +00:00
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elfutils >= 158 (optional)
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2017-11-13 20:54:45 +00:00
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polkit (optional)
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2019-02-28 14:37:06 +00:00
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tzdata >= 2014f (optional)
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2017-07-03 00:21:34 +00:00
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pkg-config
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2017-08-05 22:30:37 +00:00
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gperf
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2017-07-03 00:21:34 +00:00
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docbook-xsl (optional, required for documentation)
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xsltproc (optional, required for documentation)
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python-lxml (optional, required to build the indices)
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2019-01-13 00:42:28 +00:00
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python >= 3.5
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meson >= 0.46 (>= 0.49 is required to build position-independent executables)
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ninja
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2017-07-03 00:21:34 +00:00
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gcc, awk, sed, grep, m4, and similar tools
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2012-11-22 14:30:50 +00:00
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2013-10-21 23:50:48 +00:00
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During runtime, you need the following additional
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dependencies:
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2012-11-22 14:30:50 +00:00
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2015-11-02 16:05:20 +00:00
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util-linux >= v2.27.1 required
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2019-12-20 11:26:17 +00:00
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dbus >= 1.4.0 (strictly speaking optional, but recommended)
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NOTE: If using dbus < 1.9.18, you should override the default
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policy directory (--with-dbuspolicydir=/etc/dbus-1/system.d).
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2012-11-22 14:30:50 +00:00
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dracut (optional)
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2018-07-16 10:44:24 +00:00
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polkit (optional)
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2011-02-16 18:09:11 +00:00
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2017-04-19 01:52:30 +00:00
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To build in directory build/:
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meson build/ && ninja -C build
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2019-04-27 00:22:40 +00:00
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Any configuration options can be specified as -Darg=value... arguments
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2017-04-19 01:52:30 +00:00
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to meson. After the build directory is initially configured, meson will
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refuse to run again, and options must be changed with:
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mesonconf -Darg=value...
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mesonconf without any arguments will print out available options and
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their current values.
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Useful commands:
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ninja -v some/target
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ninja test
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sudo ninja install
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DESTDIR=... ninja install
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2017-07-03 00:21:34 +00:00
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A tarball can be created with:
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2015-06-23 11:40:53 +00:00
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git archive --format=tar --prefix=systemd-222/ v222 | xz > systemd-222.tar.xz
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2013-10-21 23:50:48 +00:00
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When systemd-hostnamed is used, it is strongly recommended to
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install nss-myhostname to ensure that, in a world of
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dynamically changing hostnames, the hostname stays resolvable
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2011-05-17 17:35:56 +00:00
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under all circumstances. In fact, systemd-hostnamed will warn
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2013-01-24 09:31:34 +00:00
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if nss-myhostname is not installed.
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2011-05-17 17:35:56 +00:00
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2017-11-17 10:39:14 +00:00
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nss-systemd must be enabled on systemd systems, as that's required for
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DynamicUser= to work. Note that we ship services out-of-the-box that
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make use of DynamicUser= now, hence enabling nss-systemd is not
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optional.
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2018-07-16 10:18:36 +00:00
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Note that the build prefix for systemd must be /usr. (Moreover,
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packages systemd relies on — such as D-Bus — really should use the same
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prefix, otherwise you are on your own.) -Dsplit-usr=false (which is the
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default and does not need to be specified) is the recommended setting,
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and -Dsplit-usr=true should be used on systems which have /usr on a
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separate partition.
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2017-11-17 10:39:14 +00:00
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2016-10-16 00:51:19 +00:00
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Additional packages are necessary to run some tests:
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- busybox (used by test/TEST-13-NSPAWN-SMOKE)
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- nc (used by test/TEST-12-ISSUE-3171)
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- python3-pyparsing
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- python3-evdev (used by hwdb parsing tests)
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- strace (used by test/test-functions)
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2017-02-12 05:22:20 +00:00
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- capsh (optional, used by test-execute)
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2016-10-16 00:51:19 +00:00
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2013-03-05 17:53:21 +00:00
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USERS AND GROUPS:
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2013-03-05 18:15:31 +00:00
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Default udev rules use the following standard system group
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names, which need to be resolvable by getgrnam() at any time,
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even in the very early boot stages, where no other databases
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and network are available:
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2017-11-20 11:30:42 +00:00
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audio, cdrom, dialout, disk, input, kmem, kvm, lp, render, tape, tty, video
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2013-03-05 18:04:48 +00:00
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2013-10-21 23:50:48 +00:00
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During runtime, the journal daemon requires the
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2013-03-05 18:19:26 +00:00
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"systemd-journal" system group to exist. New journal files will
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2013-10-21 23:50:48 +00:00
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be readable by this group (but not writable), which may be used
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2015-01-18 20:05:40 +00:00
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to grant specific users read access. In addition, system
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groups "wheel" and "adm" will be given read-only access to
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journal files using systemd-tmpfiles.service.
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2013-03-05 17:53:21 +00:00
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2018-05-01 06:15:44 +00:00
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The journal remote daemon requires the
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"systemd-journal-remote" system user and group to
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2013-03-05 18:15:31 +00:00
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exist. During execution this network facing service will drop
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privileges and assume this uid/gid for security reasons.
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2014-06-27 22:48:28 +00:00
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Similarly, the network management daemon requires the
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2014-06-04 09:17:32 +00:00
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"systemd-network" system user and group to exist.
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2014-06-27 22:48:28 +00:00
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Similarly, the name resolution daemon requires the
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2014-06-04 09:17:32 +00:00
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"systemd-resolve" system user and group to exist.
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2016-02-08 22:35:24 +00:00
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Similarly, the coredump support requires the
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"systemd-coredump" system user and group to exist.
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2014-08-19 19:55:10 +00:00
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NSS:
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2016-07-14 17:19:49 +00:00
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systemd ships with four glibc NSS modules:
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2014-08-19 19:55:10 +00:00
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2020-07-07 19:58:12 +00:00
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nss-myhostname resolves the local hostname to locally configured IP
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addresses, as well as "localhost" to 127.0.0.1/::1.
|
2014-08-19 19:55:10 +00:00
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|
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|
2020-07-07 19:58:12 +00:00
|
|
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nss-resolve enables DNS resolution via the systemd-resolved DNS/LLMNR
|
|
|
|
caching stub resolver "systemd-resolved".
|
2014-08-19 19:55:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2016-07-14 17:19:49 +00:00
|
|
|
nss-mymachines enables resolution of all local containers registered
|
2020-07-07 19:58:12 +00:00
|
|
|
with machined to their respective IP addresses.
|
2014-08-19 19:55:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2020-07-07 19:58:12 +00:00
|
|
|
nss-systemd enables resolution of users/group registered via the
|
|
|
|
User/Group Record Lookup API (https://systemd.io/USER_GROUP_API/),
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|
|
|
including all dynamically allocated service users. (See the
|
|
|
|
DynamicUser= setting in unit files.)
|
2014-08-19 19:55:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2016-07-14 17:19:49 +00:00
|
|
|
To make use of these NSS modules, please add them to the "hosts:",
|
|
|
|
"passwd:" and "group:" lines in /etc/nsswitch.conf. The "resolve"
|
|
|
|
module should replace the glibc "dns" module in this file (and don't
|
|
|
|
worry, it chain-loads the "dns" module if it can't talk to resolved).
|
2014-08-19 19:55:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2016-07-14 17:19:49 +00:00
|
|
|
The four modules should be used in the following order:
|
|
|
|
|
2020-07-07 19:58:12 +00:00
|
|
|
passwd: compat systemd
|
|
|
|
group: compat systemd
|
2018-05-01 06:18:10 +00:00
|
|
|
hosts: files mymachines resolve [!UNAVAIL=return] dns myhostname
|
2014-08-19 19:55:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2015-05-27 15:04:49 +00:00
|
|
|
SYSV INIT.D SCRIPTS:
|
|
|
|
When calling "systemctl enable/disable/is-enabled" on a unit which is a
|
|
|
|
SysV init.d script, it calls /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install;
|
|
|
|
this needs to translate the action into the distribution specific
|
|
|
|
mechanism such as chkconfig or update-rc.d. Packagers need to provide
|
|
|
|
this script if you need this functionality (you don't if you disabled
|
|
|
|
SysV init support).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Please see src/systemctl/systemd-sysv-install.SKELETON for how this
|
|
|
|
needs to look like, and provide an implementation at the marked places.
|
|
|
|
|
2011-02-23 00:12:07 +00:00
|
|
|
WARNINGS:
|
2017-11-17 10:39:48 +00:00
|
|
|
systemd will warn during early boot if /usr is not already mounted at
|
|
|
|
this point (that means: either located on the same file system as / or
|
|
|
|
already mounted in the initrd). While in systemd itself very little
|
|
|
|
will break if /usr is on a separate, late-mounted partition, many of
|
|
|
|
its dependencies very likely will break sooner or later in one form or
|
|
|
|
another. For example, udev rules tend to refer to binaries in /usr,
|
|
|
|
binaries that link to libraries in /usr or binaries that refer to data
|
|
|
|
files in /usr. Since these breakages are not always directly visible,
|
|
|
|
systemd will warn about this, since this kind of file system setup is
|
|
|
|
not really supported anymore by the basic set of Linux OS components.
|
2011-03-01 22:44:26 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2014-02-26 01:54:37 +00:00
|
|
|
systemd requires that the /run mount point exists. systemd also
|
2015-05-30 08:31:41 +00:00
|
|
|
requires that /var/run is a symlink to /run.
|
2014-02-26 01:54:37 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2011-03-04 04:07:01 +00:00
|
|
|
For more information on this issue consult
|
2017-02-21 17:26:23 +00:00
|
|
|
https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/separate-usr-is-broken
|
2011-03-04 04:07:01 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2018-05-13 20:28:24 +00:00
|
|
|
To run systemd under valgrind, compile with meson option
|
|
|
|
-Dvalgrind=true and have valgrind development headers installed
|
|
|
|
(i.e. valgrind-devel or equivalent). Otherwise, false positives will be
|
|
|
|
triggered by code which violates some rules but is actually safe. Note
|
|
|
|
that valgrind generates nice output only on exit(), hence on shutdown
|
|
|
|
we don't execve() systemd-shutdown.
|
2014-11-06 14:27:13 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2019-02-15 19:05:04 +00:00
|
|
|
STABLE BRANCHES AND BACKPORTS:
|
2018-03-26 08:40:45 +00:00
|
|
|
Stable branches with backported patches are available in the
|
|
|
|
systemd-stable repo at https://github.com/systemd/systemd-stable.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stable branches are started for certain releases of systemd and named
|
|
|
|
after them, e.g. v238-stable. Stable branches are managed by
|
|
|
|
distribution maintainers on an as needed basis. See
|
|
|
|
https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/Backports/ for some
|
|
|
|
more information and examples.
|
|
|
|
|
2015-12-10 10:57:08 +00:00
|
|
|
ENGINEERING AND CONSULTING SERVICES:
|
|
|
|
Kinvolk (https://kinvolk.io) offers professional engineering
|
|
|
|
and consulting services for systemd. Please contact Chris Kühl
|
|
|
|
<chris@kinvolk.io> for more information.
|