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https://github.com/systemd/systemd
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579 lines
18 KiB
Python
579 lines
18 KiB
Python
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#!/usr/bin/env python3
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# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later
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# Convert ELF static PIE to PE/EFI image.
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# To do so we simply copy desired ELF sections while preserving their memory layout to ensure that
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# code still runs as expected. We then translate ELF relocations to PE relocations so that the EFI
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# loader/firmware can properly load the binary to any address at runtime.
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#
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# To make this as painless as possible we only operate on static PIEs as they should only contain
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# base relocations that are easy to handle as they have a one-to-one mapping to PE relocations.
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#
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# EDK2 does a similar process using their GenFw tool. The main difference is that they use the
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# --emit-relocs linker flag, which emits a lot of different (static) ELF relocation types that have
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# to be handled differently for each architecture and is overall more work than its worth.
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#
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# Note that on arches where binutils has PE support (x86/x86_64 mostly, aarch64 only recently)
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# objcopy can be used to convert ELF to PE. But this will still not convert ELF relocations, making
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# the resulting binary useless. gnu-efi relies on this method and contains a stub that performs the
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# ELF dynamic relocations at runtime.
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# pylint: disable=missing-docstring,invalid-name,attribute-defined-outside-init
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import argparse
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import hashlib
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import io
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import os
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import pathlib
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import time
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from ctypes import (
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c_char,
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c_uint8,
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c_uint16,
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c_uint32,
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c_uint64,
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LittleEndianStructure,
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sizeof,
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)
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from elftools.elf.constants import SH_FLAGS
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from elftools.elf.elffile import ELFFile, Section as ELFSection
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from elftools.elf.enums import (
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ENUM_DT_FLAGS_1,
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ENUM_RELOC_TYPE_AARCH64,
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ENUM_RELOC_TYPE_ARM,
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ENUM_RELOC_TYPE_i386,
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ENUM_RELOC_TYPE_x64,
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)
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from elftools.elf.relocation import (
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Relocation as ElfRelocation,
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RelocationTable as ElfRelocationTable,
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)
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class PeCoffHeader(LittleEndianStructure):
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_fields_ = (
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("Machine", c_uint16),
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("NumberOfSections", c_uint16),
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("TimeDateStamp", c_uint32),
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("PointerToSymbolTable", c_uint32),
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("NumberOfSymbols", c_uint32),
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("SizeOfOptionalHeader", c_uint16),
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("Characteristics", c_uint16),
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)
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class PeDataDirectory(LittleEndianStructure):
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_fields_ = (
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("VirtualAddress", c_uint32),
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("Size", c_uint32),
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)
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class PeRelocationBlock(LittleEndianStructure):
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_fields_ = (
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("PageRVA", c_uint32),
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("BlockSize", c_uint32),
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)
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def __init__(self, PageRVA: int):
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super().__init__(PageRVA)
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self.entries: list[PeRelocationEntry] = []
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class PeRelocationEntry(LittleEndianStructure):
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_fields_ = (
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("Offset", c_uint16, 12),
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("Type", c_uint16, 4),
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)
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class PeOptionalHeaderStart(LittleEndianStructure):
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_fields_ = (
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("Magic", c_uint16),
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("MajorLinkerVersion", c_uint8),
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("MinorLinkerVersion", c_uint8),
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("SizeOfCode", c_uint32),
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("SizeOfInitializedData", c_uint32),
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("SizeOfUninitializedData", c_uint32),
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("AddressOfEntryPoint", c_uint32),
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("BaseOfCode", c_uint32),
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)
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class PeOptionalHeaderMiddle(LittleEndianStructure):
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_fields_ = (
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("SectionAlignment", c_uint32),
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("FileAlignment", c_uint32),
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("MajorOperatingSystemVersion", c_uint16),
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("MinorOperatingSystemVersion", c_uint16),
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("MajorImageVersion", c_uint16),
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("MinorImageVersion", c_uint16),
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("MajorSubsystemVersion", c_uint16),
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("MinorSubsystemVersion", c_uint16),
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("Win32VersionValue", c_uint32),
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("SizeOfImage", c_uint32),
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("SizeOfHeaders", c_uint32),
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("CheckSum", c_uint32),
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("Subsystem", c_uint16),
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("DllCharacteristics", c_uint16),
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)
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class PeOptionalHeaderEnd(LittleEndianStructure):
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_fields_ = (
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("LoaderFlags", c_uint32),
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("NumberOfRvaAndSizes", c_uint32),
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("ExportTable", PeDataDirectory),
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("ImportTable", PeDataDirectory),
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("ResourceTable", PeDataDirectory),
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("ExceptionTable", PeDataDirectory),
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("CertificateTable", PeDataDirectory),
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("BaseRelocationTable", PeDataDirectory),
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("Debug", PeDataDirectory),
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("Architecture", PeDataDirectory),
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("GlobalPtr", PeDataDirectory),
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("TLSTable", PeDataDirectory),
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("LoadConfigTable", PeDataDirectory),
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("BoundImport", PeDataDirectory),
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("IAT", PeDataDirectory),
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("DelayImportDescriptor", PeDataDirectory),
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("CLRRuntimeHeader", PeDataDirectory),
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("Reserved", PeDataDirectory),
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)
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class PeOptionalHeader(LittleEndianStructure):
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pass
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class PeOptionalHeader32(PeOptionalHeader):
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_anonymous_ = ("Start", "Middle", "End")
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_fields_ = (
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("Start", PeOptionalHeaderStart),
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("BaseOfData", c_uint32),
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("ImageBase", c_uint32),
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("Middle", PeOptionalHeaderMiddle),
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("SizeOfStackReserve", c_uint32),
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("SizeOfStackCommit", c_uint32),
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("SizeOfHeapReserve", c_uint32),
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("SizeOfHeapCommit", c_uint32),
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("End", PeOptionalHeaderEnd),
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)
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class PeOptionalHeader32Plus(PeOptionalHeader):
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_anonymous_ = ("Start", "Middle", "End")
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_fields_ = (
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("Start", PeOptionalHeaderStart),
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("ImageBase", c_uint64),
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("Middle", PeOptionalHeaderMiddle),
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("SizeOfStackReserve", c_uint64),
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("SizeOfStackCommit", c_uint64),
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("SizeOfHeapReserve", c_uint64),
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("SizeOfHeapCommit", c_uint64),
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("End", PeOptionalHeaderEnd),
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)
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class PeSection(LittleEndianStructure):
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_fields_ = (
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("Name", c_char * 8),
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("VirtualSize", c_uint32),
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("VirtualAddress", c_uint32),
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("SizeOfRawData", c_uint32),
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("PointerToRawData", c_uint32),
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("PointerToRelocations", c_uint32),
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("PointerToLinenumbers", c_uint32),
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("NumberOfRelocations", c_uint16),
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("NumberOfLinenumbers", c_uint16),
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("Characteristics", c_uint32),
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)
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def __init__(self):
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super().__init__()
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self.data = bytearray()
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N_DATA_DIRECTORY_ENTRIES = 16
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assert sizeof(PeSection) == 40
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assert sizeof(PeCoffHeader) == 20
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assert sizeof(PeOptionalHeader32) == 224
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assert sizeof(PeOptionalHeader32Plus) == 240
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# EFI mandates 4KiB memory pages.
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SECTION_ALIGNMENT = 4096
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FILE_ALIGNMENT = 512
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# Nobody cares about DOS headers, so put the PE header right after.
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PE_OFFSET = 64
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def align_to(x: int, align: int) -> int:
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return (x + align - 1) & ~(align - 1)
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def use_section(elf_s: ELFSection) -> bool:
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# These sections are either needed during conversion to PE or are otherwise not needed
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# in the final PE image.
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IGNORE_SECTIONS = [
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".ARM.exidx",
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".dynamic",
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".dynstr",
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".dynsym",
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".eh_frame_hdr",
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".eh_frame",
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".gnu.hash",
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".hash",
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".note.gnu.build-id",
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".rel.dyn",
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".rela.dyn",
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]
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# Known sections we care about and want to be in the final PE.
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COPY_SECTIONS = [
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".data",
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".osrel",
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".rodata",
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".sbat",
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".sdmagic",
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".text",
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]
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# By only dealing with allocating sections we effectively filter out debug sections.
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if not elf_s["sh_flags"] & SH_FLAGS.SHF_ALLOC:
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return False
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if elf_s.name in IGNORE_SECTIONS:
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return False
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# For paranoia we only handle sections we know of. Any new sections that come up should
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# be added to IGNORE_SECTIONS/COPY_SECTIONS and/or the linker script.
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if elf_s.name not in COPY_SECTIONS:
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raise RuntimeError(f"Unknown section {elf_s.name}, refusing.")
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if elf_s["sh_addr"] % SECTION_ALIGNMENT != 0:
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raise RuntimeError(f"Section {elf_s.name} is not aligned.")
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if len(elf_s.name) > 8:
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raise RuntimeError(f"ELF section name {elf_s.name} too long.")
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return True
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def convert_elf_section(elf_s: ELFSection) -> PeSection:
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pe_s = PeSection()
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pe_s.Name = elf_s.name.encode()
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pe_s.VirtualSize = elf_s.data_size
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pe_s.VirtualAddress = elf_s["sh_addr"]
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pe_s.SizeOfRawData = align_to(elf_s.data_size, FILE_ALIGNMENT)
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pe_s.data = bytearray(elf_s.data())
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if elf_s["sh_flags"] & SH_FLAGS.SHF_EXECINSTR:
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pe_s.Characteristics = 0x60000020 # CNT_CODE|MEM_READ|MEM_EXECUTE
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elif elf_s["sh_flags"] & SH_FLAGS.SHF_WRITE:
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pe_s.Characteristics = 0xC0000040 # CNT_INITIALIZED_DATA|MEM_READ|MEM_WRITE
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else:
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pe_s.Characteristics = 0x40000040 # CNT_INITIALIZED_DATA|MEM_READ
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return pe_s
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def copy_sections(elf: ELFFile, opt: PeOptionalHeader) -> list[PeSection]:
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sections = []
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for elf_s in elf.iter_sections():
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if not use_section(elf_s):
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continue
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pe_s = convert_elf_section(elf_s)
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if pe_s.Name == b".text":
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opt.BaseOfCode = pe_s.VirtualAddress
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opt.SizeOfCode += pe_s.VirtualSize
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else:
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opt.SizeOfInitializedData += pe_s.VirtualSize
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if pe_s.Name == b".data" and isinstance(opt, PeOptionalHeader32):
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opt.BaseOfData = pe_s.VirtualAddress
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sections.append(pe_s)
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return sections
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def apply_elf_relative_relocation(
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reloc: ElfRelocation, image_base: int, sections: list[PeSection], addend_size: int
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):
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# fmt: off
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[target] = [
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pe_s for pe_s in sections
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if pe_s.VirtualAddress <= reloc["r_offset"] < pe_s.VirtualAddress + len(pe_s.data)
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]
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# fmt: on
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addend_offset = reloc["r_offset"] - target.VirtualAddress
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if reloc.is_RELA():
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addend = reloc["r_addend"]
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else:
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addend = target.data[addend_offset : addend_offset + addend_size]
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addend = int.from_bytes(addend, byteorder="little")
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# This currently assumes that the ELF file has an image base of 0.
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value = (image_base + addend).to_bytes(addend_size, byteorder="little")
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target.data[addend_offset : addend_offset + addend_size] = value
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def convert_elf_reloc_table(
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elf: ELFFile,
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elf_reloc_table: ElfRelocationTable,
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image_base: int,
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sections: list[PeSection],
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pe_reloc_blocks: dict[int, PeRelocationBlock],
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):
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NONE_RELOC = {
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"EM_386": ENUM_RELOC_TYPE_i386["R_386_NONE"],
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"EM_AARCH64": ENUM_RELOC_TYPE_AARCH64["R_AARCH64_NONE"],
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"EM_ARM": ENUM_RELOC_TYPE_ARM["R_ARM_NONE"],
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"EM_RISCV": 0,
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"EM_X86_64": ENUM_RELOC_TYPE_x64["R_X86_64_NONE"],
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}[elf["e_machine"]]
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RELATIVE_RELOC = {
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"EM_386": ENUM_RELOC_TYPE_i386["R_386_RELATIVE"],
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"EM_AARCH64": ENUM_RELOC_TYPE_AARCH64["R_AARCH64_RELATIVE"],
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"EM_ARM": ENUM_RELOC_TYPE_ARM["R_ARM_RELATIVE"],
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"EM_RISCV": 3,
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"EM_X86_64": ENUM_RELOC_TYPE_x64["R_X86_64_RELATIVE"],
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}[elf["e_machine"]]
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for reloc in elf_reloc_table.iter_relocations():
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if reloc["r_info_type"] == NONE_RELOC:
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continue
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if reloc["r_info_type"] == RELATIVE_RELOC:
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apply_elf_relative_relocation(
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reloc, image_base, sections, elf.elfclass // 8
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)
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# Now that the ELF relocation has been applied, we can create a PE relocation.
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block_rva = reloc["r_offset"] & ~0xFFF
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if block_rva not in pe_reloc_blocks:
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pe_reloc_blocks[block_rva] = PeRelocationBlock(block_rva)
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entry = PeRelocationEntry()
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entry.Offset = reloc["r_offset"] & 0xFFF
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# REL_BASED_HIGHLOW or REL_BASED_DIR64
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entry.Type = 3 if elf.elfclass == 32 else 10
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pe_reloc_blocks[block_rva].entries.append(entry)
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continue
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raise RuntimeError(f"Unsupported relocation {reloc}")
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def convert_elf_relocations(
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elf: ELFFile, opt: PeOptionalHeader, sections: list[PeSection]
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) -> PeSection:
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dynamic = elf.get_section_by_name(".dynamic")
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if dynamic is None:
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raise RuntimeError("ELF .dynamic section is missing.")
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[flags_tag] = dynamic.iter_tags("DT_FLAGS_1")
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if not flags_tag["d_val"] & ENUM_DT_FLAGS_1["DF_1_PIE"]:
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raise RuntimeError("ELF file is not a PIE.")
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pe_reloc_blocks: dict[int, PeRelocationBlock] = {}
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for reloc_type, reloc_table in dynamic.get_relocation_tables().items():
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if reloc_type not in ["REL", "RELA"]:
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raise RuntimeError("Unsupported relocation type {elf_reloc_type}.")
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convert_elf_reloc_table(
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elf, reloc_table, opt.ImageBase, sections, pe_reloc_blocks
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)
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data = bytearray()
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for rva in sorted(pe_reloc_blocks):
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block = pe_reloc_blocks[rva]
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n_relocs = len(block.entries)
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# Each block must start on a 32-bit boundary. Because each entry is 16 bits
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# the len has to be even. We pad by adding a none relocation.
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if n_relocs % 2 != 0:
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n_relocs += 1
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block.entries.append(PeRelocationEntry())
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block.BlockSize = (
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sizeof(PeRelocationBlock) + sizeof(PeRelocationEntry) * n_relocs
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)
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data += block
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for entry in sorted(block.entries, key=lambda e: e.Offset):
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data += entry
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pe_reloc_s = PeSection()
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pe_reloc_s.Name = b".reloc"
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pe_reloc_s.data = data
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pe_reloc_s.VirtualSize = len(data)
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pe_reloc_s.SizeOfRawData = align_to(len(data), FILE_ALIGNMENT)
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pe_reloc_s.VirtualAddress = align_to(
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||
|
sections[-1].VirtualAddress + sections[-1].VirtualSize, SECTION_ALIGNMENT
|
||
|
)
|
||
|
# CNT_INITIALIZED_DATA|MEM_READ|MEM_DISCARDABLE
|
||
|
pe_reloc_s.Characteristics = 0x42000040
|
||
|
|
||
|
sections.append(pe_reloc_s)
|
||
|
opt.SizeOfInitializedData += pe_reloc_s.VirtualSize
|
||
|
return pe_reloc_s
|
||
|
|
||
|
|
||
|
def write_pe(
|
||
|
file, coff: PeCoffHeader, opt: PeOptionalHeader, sections: list[PeSection]
|
||
|
):
|
||
|
file.write(b"MZ")
|
||
|
file.seek(0x3C, io.SEEK_SET)
|
||
|
file.write(PE_OFFSET.to_bytes(2, byteorder="little"))
|
||
|
file.seek(PE_OFFSET, io.SEEK_SET)
|
||
|
file.write(b"PE\0\0")
|
||
|
file.write(coff)
|
||
|
file.write(opt)
|
||
|
|
||
|
offset = opt.SizeOfHeaders
|
||
|
for pe_s in sorted(sections, key=lambda s: s.VirtualAddress):
|
||
|
if pe_s.VirtualAddress < opt.SizeOfHeaders:
|
||
|
# Linker script should make sure this does not happen.
|
||
|
raise RuntimeError(f"Section {pe_s.Name} overlapping PE headers.")
|
||
|
|
||
|
pe_s.PointerToRawData = offset
|
||
|
file.write(pe_s)
|
||
|
offset = align_to(offset + len(pe_s.data), FILE_ALIGNMENT)
|
||
|
|
||
|
for pe_s in sections:
|
||
|
file.seek(pe_s.PointerToRawData, io.SEEK_SET)
|
||
|
file.write(pe_s.data)
|
||
|
|
||
|
file.truncate(offset)
|
||
|
|
||
|
|
||
|
def elf2efi(args: argparse.Namespace):
|
||
|
elf = ELFFile(args.ELF)
|
||
|
if not elf.little_endian:
|
||
|
raise RuntimeError("ELF file is not little-endian.")
|
||
|
if elf["e_type"] not in ["ET_DYN", "ET_EXEC"]:
|
||
|
raise RuntimeError("Unsupported ELF type.")
|
||
|
|
||
|
pe_arch = {
|
||
|
"EM_386": 0x014C,
|
||
|
"EM_AARCH64": 0xAA64,
|
||
|
"EM_ARM": 0x01C2,
|
||
|
"EM_RISCV": 0x5064,
|
||
|
"EM_X86_64": 0x8664,
|
||
|
}.get(elf["e_machine"])
|
||
|
if pe_arch is None:
|
||
|
raise RuntimeError(f"Unuspported ELF arch {elf['e_machine']}")
|
||
|
|
||
|
coff = PeCoffHeader()
|
||
|
opt = PeOptionalHeader32() if elf.elfclass == 32 else PeOptionalHeader32Plus()
|
||
|
|
||
|
# We relocate to a unique image base to reduce the chances for runtime relocation to occur.
|
||
|
base_name = pathlib.Path(args.PE.name).name.encode()
|
||
|
opt.ImageBase = int(hashlib.sha1(base_name).hexdigest()[0:8], 16)
|
||
|
if elf.elfclass == 32:
|
||
|
opt.ImageBase = (0x400000 + opt.ImageBase) & 0xFFFF0000
|
||
|
else:
|
||
|
opt.ImageBase = (0x100000000 + opt.ImageBase) & 0x1FFFF0000
|
||
|
|
||
|
sections = copy_sections(elf, opt)
|
||
|
pe_reloc_s = convert_elf_relocations(elf, opt, sections)
|
||
|
|
||
|
coff.Machine = pe_arch
|
||
|
coff.NumberOfSections = len(sections)
|
||
|
coff.TimeDateStamp = int(os.environ.get("SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH", time.time()))
|
||
|
coff.SizeOfOptionalHeader = sizeof(opt)
|
||
|
# EXECUTABLE_IMAGE|LINE_NUMS_STRIPPED|LOCAL_SYMS_STRIPPED|DEBUG_STRIPPED
|
||
|
# and (32BIT_MACHINE or LARGE_ADDRESS_AWARE)
|
||
|
coff.Characteristics = 0x30E if elf.elfclass == 32 else 0x22E
|
||
|
|
||
|
opt.AddressOfEntryPoint = elf["e_entry"]
|
||
|
opt.SectionAlignment = SECTION_ALIGNMENT
|
||
|
opt.FileAlignment = FILE_ALIGNMENT
|
||
|
opt.MajorImageVersion = args.version_major
|
||
|
opt.MinorImageVersion = args.version_minor
|
||
|
opt.MajorSubsystemVersion = args.efi_major
|
||
|
opt.MinorSubsystemVersion = args.efi_minor
|
||
|
opt.Subsystem = args.subsystem
|
||
|
opt.Magic = 0x10B if elf.elfclass == 32 else 0x20B
|
||
|
opt.SizeOfImage = align_to(
|
||
|
sections[-1].VirtualAddress + sections[-1].VirtualSize, SECTION_ALIGNMENT
|
||
|
)
|
||
|
opt.SizeOfHeaders = align_to(
|
||
|
PE_OFFSET
|
||
|
+ coff.SizeOfOptionalHeader
|
||
|
+ sizeof(PeSection) * coff.NumberOfSections,
|
||
|
FILE_ALIGNMENT,
|
||
|
)
|
||
|
# DYNAMIC_BASE|NX_COMPAT|HIGH_ENTROPY_VA or DYNAMIC_BASE|NX_COMPAT
|
||
|
opt.DllCharacteristics = 0x160 if elf.elfclass == 64 else 0x140
|
||
|
|
||
|
# These values are taken from a natively built PE binary (although, unused by EDK2/EFI).
|
||
|
opt.SizeOfStackReserve = 0x100000
|
||
|
opt.SizeOfStackCommit = 0x001000
|
||
|
opt.SizeOfHeapReserve = 0x100000
|
||
|
opt.SizeOfHeapCommit = 0x001000
|
||
|
|
||
|
opt.NumberOfRvaAndSizes = N_DATA_DIRECTORY_ENTRIES
|
||
|
opt.BaseRelocationTable = PeDataDirectory(
|
||
|
pe_reloc_s.VirtualAddress, pe_reloc_s.VirtualSize
|
||
|
)
|
||
|
|
||
|
write_pe(args.PE, coff, opt, sections)
|
||
|
|
||
|
|
||
|
def main():
|
||
|
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Convert ELF binaries to PE/EFI")
|
||
|
parser.add_argument(
|
||
|
"--version-major",
|
||
|
type=int,
|
||
|
default=0,
|
||
|
help="Major image version of EFI image",
|
||
|
)
|
||
|
parser.add_argument(
|
||
|
"--version-minor",
|
||
|
type=int,
|
||
|
default=0,
|
||
|
help="Minor image version of EFI image",
|
||
|
)
|
||
|
parser.add_argument(
|
||
|
"--efi-major",
|
||
|
type=int,
|
||
|
default=0,
|
||
|
help="Minimum major EFI subsystem version",
|
||
|
)
|
||
|
parser.add_argument(
|
||
|
"--efi-minor",
|
||
|
type=int,
|
||
|
default=0,
|
||
|
help="Minimum minor EFI subsystem version",
|
||
|
)
|
||
|
parser.add_argument(
|
||
|
"--subsystem",
|
||
|
type=int,
|
||
|
default=10,
|
||
|
help="PE subsystem",
|
||
|
)
|
||
|
parser.add_argument(
|
||
|
"ELF",
|
||
|
type=argparse.FileType("rb"),
|
||
|
help="Input ELF file",
|
||
|
)
|
||
|
parser.add_argument(
|
||
|
"PE",
|
||
|
type=argparse.FileType("wb"),
|
||
|
help="Output PE/EFI file",
|
||
|
)
|
||
|
|
||
|
elf2efi(parser.parse_args())
|
||
|
|
||
|
|
||
|
if __name__ == "__main__":
|
||
|
main()
|