LibGUI: Make Application's construction fallible

The pattern to construct `Application` was to use the `try_create`
method from the `C_OBJECT` macro. While being safe from an OOM
perspective, this method doesn't propagate errors from the constructor.
This patch make `Application` use the `C_OBJECT_ABSTRACT` and manually
define a `create` method that can bubble up errors from the
construction stage.

This commit also removes the ability to use `argc` and `argv` to
create an `Application`, only `Main`'s `Arguments` can be used.

From a user point of view, the patch renames `try_create` => `create`,
hence the huge number of modified files.

Base/res/devel/templates/serenity-application/main.cpp

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 {
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio recvfd sendfd rpath wpath cpath unix"));
 
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
 
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio recvfd sendfd rpath"));
 

Userland/Applets/Audio/main.cpp

@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 {
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio recvfd sendfd rpath wpath cpath unix thread"));
 
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
     Config::pledge_domain("AudioApplet");
     TRY(Core::System::unveil("/tmp/session/%sid/portal/audio", "rw"));
     TRY(Core::System::unveil("/res", "r"));

Userland/Applets/ClipboardHistory/main.cpp

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 {
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio recvfd sendfd rpath unix"));
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
 
     Config::pledge_domain("ClipboardHistory");
     Config::monitor_domain("ClipboardHistory");

Userland/Applets/Keymap/main.cpp

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 {
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio recvfd sendfd rpath unix getkeymap proc exec"));
 
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
 
     auto window = TRY(KeymapStatusWindow::try_create());
     window->set_has_alpha_channel(true);

Userland/Applets/Network/main.cpp

@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ private:
 ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 {
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio recvfd sendfd rpath unix proc exec"));
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
 
     TRY(Core::System::unveil("/tmp/session/%sid/portal/notify", "rw"));
     TRY(Core::System::unveil("/res", "r"));

Userland/Applets/ResourceGraph/main.cpp

@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 {
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio recvfd sendfd proc exec rpath unix"));
 
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
 
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio recvfd sendfd proc exec rpath"));
 

Userland/Applets/WorkspacePicker/main.cpp

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 {
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio recvfd sendfd rpath proc exec unix"));
 
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
     app->set_quit_when_last_window_deleted(false);
 
     // We need to obtain the WM connection here as well before the pledge shortening.

Userland/Applications/3DFileViewer/main.cpp

@@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ bool GLContextWidget::load_file(String const& filename, NonnullOwnPtr<Core::File
 
 ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 {
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
 
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio thread recvfd sendfd rpath unix prot_exec map_fixed"));
 

Userland/Applications/About/main.cpp

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 {
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio recvfd sendfd rpath unix"));
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
 
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio recvfd sendfd rpath"));
     TRY(Core::System::unveil("/res", "r"));

Userland/Applications/AnalogClock/main.cpp

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 
 ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 {
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
 
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio recvfd sendfd rpath"));
     TRY(Core::System::unveil("/etc/timezone", "r"));

Userland/Applications/Assistant/main.cpp

@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
         return 0;
     }
 
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
     auto window = GUI::Window::construct();
     window->set_minimizable(false);
 

Userland/Applications/Browser/main.cpp

@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 
     args_parser.parse(arguments);
 
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
 
     Config::pledge_domain("Browser");
     Config::monitor_domain("Browser");

Userland/Applications/BrowserSettings/main.cpp

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 {
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio rpath wpath cpath recvfd sendfd unix"));
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
     Config::pledge_domain("Browser");
 
     StringView selected_tab;

Userland/Applications/Calculator/main.cpp

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 {
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio recvfd sendfd rpath unix"));
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
 
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio recvfd sendfd rpath"));
     TRY(Core::System::unveil("/res", "r"));

Userland/Applications/Calendar/main.cpp

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 {
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio recvfd sendfd rpath proc exec unix"));
 
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
 
     Config::pledge_domain("Calendar");
     Config::monitor_domain("Calendar");

Userland/Applications/CalendarSettings/main.cpp

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 {
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio rpath recvfd sendfd unix"));
 
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
 
     Config::pledge_domain("Calendar");
 

Userland/Applications/CertificateSettings/main.cpp

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments args)
 {
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio rpath wpath cpath recvfd sendfd unix"));
 
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(args));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(args));
 
     TRY(Core::System::unveil(TRY(String::formatted("{}/.config/certs.pem", Core::StandardPaths::home_directory())), "rwc"_short_string));
     TRY(Core::System::unveil("/tmp/session/%sid/portal/filesystemaccess", "rw"));

Userland/Applications/CharacterMap/main.cpp

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 {
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio recvfd sendfd rpath unix"));
 
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
     Config::pledge_domain("CharacterMap");
 
     TRY(Desktop::Launcher::add_allowed_handler_with_only_specific_urls("/bin/Help", { URL::create_with_file_scheme("/usr/share/man/man1/Applications/CharacterMap.md") }));

Userland/Applications/ClockSettings/main.cpp

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 {
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio rpath recvfd sendfd unix proc exec"));
 
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
 
     Config::pledge_domain("Taskbar");
 

Userland/Applications/CrashReporter/main.cpp

@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 {
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio recvfd sendfd cpath rpath unix proc exec thread"));
 
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
 
     DeprecatedString coredump_path {};
     bool unlink_on_exit = false;

Userland/Applications/DisplaySettings/main.cpp

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 {
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio thread recvfd sendfd rpath cpath wpath unix proc exec"));
 
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
     Config::pledge_domain("WindowManager");
 
     StringView selected_tab;

Userland/Applications/Escalator/main.cpp

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio recvfd sendfd thread cpath rpath wpath unix proc exec id"));
 
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
 
     auto executable_path = FileSystem::resolve_executable_from_environment(command[0]);
     if (executable_path.is_error()) {

Userland/Applications/FileManager/main.cpp

@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
     args_parser.add_positional_argument(initial_location, "Path to open", "path", Core::ArgsParser::Required::No);
     args_parser.parse(arguments);
 
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
 
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio thread recvfd sendfd cpath rpath wpath fattr proc exec unix"));
 

Userland/Applications/FontEditor/main.cpp

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 {
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio recvfd sendfd thread rpath unix cpath wpath"));
 
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
 
     TRY(Desktop::Launcher::add_allowed_handler_with_only_specific_urls("/bin/Help", { URL::create_with_file_scheme("/usr/share/man/man1/Applications/FontEditor.md") }));
     TRY(Desktop::Launcher::seal_allowlist());

Userland/Applications/GamesSettings/main.cpp

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 {
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio rpath recvfd sendfd unix thread"));
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
     Config::pledge_domain("Games");
 
     StringView selected_tab;

Userland/Applications/Help/main.cpp

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ using namespace Help;
 ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 {
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio recvfd sendfd rpath unix"));
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
 
     TRY(Core::System::unveil("/res", "r"));
     // We specifically don't want to load this path from a library, as that can be hijacked with LD_PRELOAD.

Userland/Applications/HexEditor/main.cpp

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 {
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio recvfd sendfd rpath unix cpath wpath thread"));
 
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
 
     TRY(Desktop::Launcher::add_allowed_handler_with_only_specific_urls("/bin/Help", { URL::create_with_file_scheme("/usr/share/man/man1/Applications/HexEditor.md") }));
     TRY(Desktop::Launcher::seal_allowlist());

Userland/Applications/ImageViewer/main.cpp

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 {
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio recvfd sendfd rpath wpath cpath unix thread"));
 
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
 
     Config::pledge_domains({ "ImageViewer", "WindowManager" });
 

Userland/Applications/KeyboardMapper/main.cpp

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio getkeymap thread rpath cpath wpath recvfd sendfd unix"));
 
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
 
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio getkeymap thread rpath cpath wpath recvfd sendfd"));
 

Userland/Applications/KeyboardSettings/main.cpp

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 {
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio rpath recvfd sendfd unix proc exec"));
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
     Config::pledge_domain("KeyboardSettings");
 
     StringView selected_tab;

Userland/Applications/Magnifier/main.cpp

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ static ErrorOr<ByteBuffer> dump_bitmap(RefPtr<Gfx::Bitmap> bitmap, AK::StringVie
 ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 {
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio cpath rpath recvfd sendfd unix"));
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
 
     TRY(Desktop::Launcher::add_allowed_handler_with_only_specific_urls("/bin/Help", { URL::create_with_file_scheme("/usr/share/man/man1/Applications/Magnifier.md") }));
     TRY(Desktop::Launcher::seal_allowlist());

Userland/Applications/Mail/main.cpp

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 {
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio recvfd sendfd rpath unix inet"));
 
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
 
     Config::pledge_domain("Mail");
 

Userland/Applications/MailSettings/main.cpp

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 {
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio rpath recvfd sendfd unix"));
 
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
 
     Config::pledge_domain("Mail");
 

Userland/Applications/MouseSettings/main.cpp

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 {
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio cpath rpath recvfd sendfd unix"));
 
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
 
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio cpath rpath recvfd sendfd"));
 

Userland/Applications/NetworkSettings/main.cpp

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments args)
     parser.add_positional_argument(adapter, "Adapter to display settings for", "adapter", Core::ArgsParser::Required::No);
     parser.parse(args);
 
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(args));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(args));
 
     if (getuid() != 0) {
         GUI::MessageBox::show_error(nullptr, "You need to be root to run Network Settings!"sv);

Userland/Applications/PDFViewer/main.cpp

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
     args_parser.add_positional_argument(file_path, "PDF file to open", "path", Core::ArgsParser::Required::No);
     args_parser.parse(arguments);
 
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
     auto app_icon = GUI::Icon::default_icon("app-pdf-viewer"sv);
 
     Config::pledge_domain("PDFViewer");

Userland/Applications/PartitionEditor/main.cpp

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio recvfd sendfd rpath unix"));
 
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
 
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio recvfd sendfd rpath"));
 

Userland/Applications/Piano/main.cpp

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 {
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio thread proc rpath cpath wpath recvfd sendfd unix"));
 
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
 
     TrackManager track_manager;
 

Userland/Applications/PixelPaint/main.cpp

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 {
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio thread recvfd sendfd rpath unix wpath cpath"));
 
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
     Config::pledge_domain("PixelPaint");
     app->set_config_domain(TRY(String::from_utf8("PixelPaint"sv)));
 

Userland/Applications/Presenter/main.cpp

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
     argument_parser.add_positional_argument(file_to_load, "Presentation to load", "file", Core::ArgsParser::Required::No);
     argument_parser.parse(arguments);
 
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
     auto window = TRY(GUI::Window::try_create());
     window->set_title("Presenter");
     window->set_icon(GUI::Icon::default_icon("app-presenter"sv).bitmap_for_size(16));

Userland/Applications/Run/main.cpp

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 {
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio recvfd sendfd thread cpath rpath wpath unix proc exec"));
 
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
     auto window = TRY(RunWindow::try_create());
 
     window->move_to(16, GUI::Desktop::the().rect().bottom() - GUI::Desktop::the().taskbar_height() - 16 - window->height());

Userland/Applications/Settings/main.cpp

@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 {
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio thread recvfd sendfd rpath cpath wpath unix proc exec"));
 
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
 
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio thread recvfd sendfd rpath cpath wpath proc exec"));
 

Userland/Applications/SoundPlayer/main.cpp

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
     args_parser.add_positional_argument(file_path, "Path to audio file to play", "file", Core::ArgsParser::Required::No);
     args_parser.parse(arguments);
 
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
     auto audio_client = TRY(Audio::ConnectionToServer::try_create());
     auto decoder_client = TRY(ImageDecoderClient::Client::try_create());
 

Userland/Applications/SpaceAnalyzer/main.cpp

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ static DeprecatedString get_absolute_path_to_selected_node(SpaceAnalyzer::TreeMa
 
 ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 {
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
 
     // Configure application window.
     auto app_icon = GUI::Icon::default_icon("app-space-analyzer"sv);

Userland/Applications/Spreadsheet/main.cpp

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 {
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio recvfd sendfd rpath fattr unix cpath wpath thread"));
 
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
 
     StringView filename;
 

Userland/Applications/SystemMonitor/main.cpp

@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio thread proc recvfd sendfd rpath exec unix"));
 
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
 
     Config::pledge_domain("SystemMonitor");
 

Userland/Applications/Terminal/main.cpp

@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 
     TRY(Core::System::sigaction(SIGCHLD, &act, nullptr));
 
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
 
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio tty rpath cpath wpath recvfd sendfd proc exec unix"));
 

Userland/Applications/TerminalSettings/main.cpp

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 {
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio rpath recvfd sendfd unix"));
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
     Config::pledge_domain("Terminal");
 
     StringView selected_tab;

Userland/Applications/TextEditor/main.cpp

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 {
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio recvfd sendfd thread rpath cpath wpath unix"));
 
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
 
     Config::pledge_domain("TextEditor");
 

Userland/Applications/ThemeEditor/main.cpp

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 {
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio recvfd sendfd thread rpath cpath wpath unix"));
 
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
 
     StringView file_to_edit;
 

Userland/Applications/VideoPlayer/main.cpp

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
     args_parser.add_positional_argument(filename, "The video file to display.", "filename", Core::ArgsParser::Required::No);
     args_parser.parse(arguments);
 
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
     auto window = TRY(GUI::Window::try_create());
     window->resize(640, 480);
     window->set_resizable(true);

Userland/Applications/Welcome/main.cpp

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 {
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio recvfd sendfd rpath unix proc exec"));
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
 
     Config::pledge_domain("SystemServer");
 

Userland/Demos/CatDog/main.cpp

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 {
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio recvfd sendfd rpath wpath cpath unix"));
 
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
     auto app_icon = TRY(GUI::Icon::try_create_default_icon("app-catdog"sv));
 
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio recvfd sendfd rpath"));

Userland/Demos/Eyes/main.cpp

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio recvfd sendfd rpath unix cpath wpath thread"));
 
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
 
     TRY(Core::System::unveil("/tmp/session/%sid/portal/launch", "rw"));
     TRY(Core::System::unveil("/res", "r"));

Userland/Demos/Gradient/Gradient.cpp

@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 {
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio rpath recvfd sendfd unix"));
 
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
 
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio rpath recvfd sendfd"));
     TRY(Core::System::unveil("/res", "r"));

Userland/Demos/LibGfxDemo/main.cpp

@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ void Canvas::draw()
 
 ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 {
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
 
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio recvfd sendfd rpath"));
     TRY(Core::System::unveil("/res", "r"));

Userland/Demos/LibGfxScaleDemo/main.cpp

@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ void Canvas::draw(Gfx::Painter& painter)
 
 ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 {
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
 
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio recvfd sendfd rpath"));
     TRY(Core::System::unveil("/res", "r"));

Userland/Demos/Mandelbrot/Mandelbrot.cpp

@@ -396,7 +396,7 @@ ErrorOr<void> Mandelbrot::export_image(DeprecatedString const& export_path, Imag
 
 ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 {
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
 
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio thread recvfd sendfd rpath wpath cpath"));
 

Userland/Demos/ModelGallery/main.cpp

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 {
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio recvfd sendfd rpath wpath cpath unix"));
 
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
 
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio recvfd sendfd rpath"));
 

Userland/Demos/Screensaver/main.cpp

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 {
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio thread recvfd sendfd rpath cpath wpath unix proc exec"));
 
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
 
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio thread recvfd sendfd rpath cpath wpath proc exec"));
 

Userland/Demos/Starfield/Starfield.cpp

@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
     args_parser.add_option(speed, "Speed (default = 1)", "speed", 's', "number");
     args_parser.parse(arguments);
 
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
 
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio recvfd sendfd rpath"));
 

Userland/Demos/Tubes/main.cpp

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
     args_parser.add_option(refresh_rate, "Refresh rate", "rate", 'r', "milliseconds");
     args_parser.parse(arguments);
 
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
 
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio recvfd sendfd rpath prot_exec map_fixed"));
 

Userland/Demos/WidgetGallery/main.cpp

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 {
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio recvfd sendfd rpath unix thread"));
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
 
     TRY(Core::System::unveil("/tmp/session/%sid/portal/filesystemaccess", "rw"));
     TRY(Core::System::unveil("/res", "r"));

Userland/DevTools/GMLPlayground/main.cpp

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ void UnregisteredWidget::paint_event(GUI::PaintEvent& event)
 ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 {
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio thread recvfd sendfd cpath rpath wpath unix"));
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
 
     Config::pledge_domains({ "GMLPlayground", "Calendar" });
     app->set_config_domain(TRY("GMLPlayground"_string));

Userland/DevTools/HackStudio/main.cpp

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 {
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio recvfd sendfd tty rpath cpath wpath proc exec unix fattr thread ptrace"));
 
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
     Config::pledge_domains({ "HackStudio", "Terminal", "FileManager" });
 
     auto window = GUI::Window::construct();

Userland/DevTools/Profiler/main.cpp

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
         return 1;
     }
 
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
     auto app_icon = TRY(GUI::Icon::try_create_default_icon("app-profiler"sv));
 
     DeprecatedString perfcore_file;

Userland/DevTools/SQLStudio/main.cpp

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
     args_parser.add_positional_argument(file_to_open, "Path to SQL script or DB", "file", Core::ArgsParser::Required::No);
     args_parser.parse(arguments);
 
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
 
     auto app_icon = GUI::Icon::default_icon("app-sql-studio"sv);
 

Userland/Games/2048/main.cpp

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 
     srand(time(nullptr));
 
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
     auto app_icon = TRY(GUI::Icon::try_create_default_icon("app-2048"sv));
 
     auto window = TRY(GUI::Window::try_create());

Userland/Games/BrickGame/main.cpp

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 {
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio rpath recvfd sendfd unix"));
 
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
 
     auto const app_name = "BrickGame"sv;
     auto const title = "Brick Game"sv;

Userland/Games/Chess/main.cpp

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 {
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio rpath recvfd sendfd thread proc exec unix"));
 
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
 
     Config::pledge_domain("Games");
     Config::monitor_domain("Games");

Userland/Games/ColorLines/main.cpp

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 {
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio rpath recvfd sendfd unix"));
 
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
 
     auto const app_name = "ColorLines"sv;
     auto const title = "Color Lines"sv;

Userland/Games/FlappyBug/main.cpp

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 {
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio rpath recvfd sendfd unix"));
 
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
 
     Config::pledge_domain("FlappyBug");
 

Userland/Games/Flood/main.cpp

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ static int get_number_of_moves_from_ai(Board const& board)
 ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 {
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio rpath recvfd sendfd unix"));
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
     auto app_icon = TRY(GUI::Icon::try_create_default_icon("app-flood"sv));
 
     auto window = TRY(GUI::Window::try_create());

Userland/Games/GameOfLife/main.cpp

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 {
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio rpath recvfd sendfd unix"));
 
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
 
     TRY(Desktop::Launcher::add_allowed_handler_with_only_specific_urls("/bin/Help", { URL::create_with_file_scheme("/usr/share/man/man6/GameOfLife.md") }));
     TRY(Desktop::Launcher::seal_allowlist());

Userland/Games/Hearts/main.cpp

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 
 ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 {
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
     auto app_icon = TRY(GUI::Icon::try_create_default_icon("app-hearts"sv));
 
     Config::pledge_domains({ "Games", "Hearts" });

Userland/Games/MasterWord/main.cpp

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 {
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio rpath recvfd sendfd unix"));
 
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
 
     Config::pledge_domain("MasterWord");
 

Userland/Games/Minesweeper/main.cpp

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 {
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio rpath recvfd sendfd unix"));
 
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
 
     Config::pledge_domain("Minesweeper");
 

Userland/Games/Snake/main.cpp

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 {
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio rpath recvfd sendfd unix"));
 
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
 
     Config::pledge_domain("Snake");
     Config::monitor_domain("Snake");

Userland/Games/Solitaire/main.cpp

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 {
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio recvfd sendfd rpath unix proc exec"));
 
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
     auto app_icon = TRY(GUI::Icon::try_create_default_icon("app-solitaire"sv));
 
     auto const man_file = "/usr/share/man/man6/Solitaire.md"sv;

Userland/Games/Spider/main.cpp

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 {
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio recvfd sendfd rpath unix proc exec"));
 
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
     auto app_icon = TRY(GUI::Icon::try_create_default_icon("app-spider"sv));
 
     Config::pledge_domains({ "Games", "Spider" });

Userland/Libraries/LibGUI/Application.cpp

@@ -68,37 +68,43 @@ Application* Application::the()
     return *s_the;
 }
 
-Application::Application(int argc, char** argv)
+ErrorOr<NonnullRefPtr<Application>> Application::create(Main::Arguments const& arguments)
 {
-    VERIFY(!*s_the);
-    *s_the = *this;
-    m_event_loop = make<Core::EventLoop>();
+    if (*s_the)
+        return Error::from_string_literal("An Application has already been created for this process!");
+
+    auto application = TRY(adopt_nonnull_ref_or_enomem(new (nothrow) Application {}));
+    *s_the = *application;
+
+    application->m_event_loop = TRY(try_make<Core::EventLoop>());
+
     ConnectionToWindowServer::the();
     Clipboard::initialize({});
-    if (argc > 0)
-        m_invoked_as = argv[0];
+
+    if (arguments.argc > 0)
+        application->m_invoked_as = arguments.argv[0];
 
     if (getenv("GUI_FOCUS_DEBUG"))
-        m_focus_debugging_enabled = true;
+        application->m_focus_debugging_enabled = true;
 
     if (getenv("GUI_HOVER_DEBUG"))
-        m_hover_debugging_enabled = true;
+        application->m_hover_debugging_enabled = true;
 
     if (getenv("GUI_DND_DEBUG"))
-        m_dnd_debugging_enabled = true;
+        application->m_dnd_debugging_enabled = true;
 
-    for (int i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
-        DeprecatedString arg(argv[i]);
-        m_args.append(move(arg));
-    }
+    for (auto arg : arguments.strings.slice(1))
+        TRY(application->m_args.try_append(arg));
 
-    m_tooltip_show_timer = Core::Timer::create_single_shot(700, [this] {
-        request_tooltip_show();
-    }).release_value_but_fixme_should_propagate_errors();
+    application->m_tooltip_show_timer = TRY(Core::Timer::create_single_shot(700, [weak_application = application->make_weak_ptr<Application>()] {
+        weak_application->request_tooltip_show();
+    }));
 
-    m_tooltip_hide_timer = Core::Timer::create_single_shot(50, [this] {
-        tooltip_hide_timer_did_fire();
-    }).release_value_but_fixme_should_propagate_errors();
+    application->m_tooltip_hide_timer = TRY(Core::Timer::create_single_shot(50, [weak_application = application->make_weak_ptr<Application>()] {
+        weak_application->tooltip_hide_timer_did_fire();
+    }));
+
+    return application;
 }
 
 static bool s_in_teardown;

Userland/Libraries/LibGUI/Application.h

@@ -22,11 +22,13 @@
 namespace GUI {
 
 class Application : public Core::Object {
-    C_OBJECT(Application);
+    C_OBJECT_ABSTRACT(Application);
 
 public:
     static Application* the();
 
+    static ErrorOr<NonnullRefPtr<Application>> create(Main::Arguments const& arguments);
+
     ~Application();
 
     static bool in_teardown();
@@ -97,11 +99,7 @@ public:
     void register_recent_file_actions(Badge<GUI::Menu>, Vector<NonnullRefPtr<GUI::Action>>);
 
 private:
-    Application(int argc, char** argv);
-    Application(Main::Arguments const& arguments)
-        : Application(arguments.argc, arguments.argv)
-    {
-    }
+    Application() = default;
 
     virtual void event(Core::Event&) override;
 

Userland/Services/FileSystemAccessServer/main.cpp

@@ -10,11 +10,11 @@
 #include <LibIPC/SingleServer.h>
 #include <LibMain/Main.h>
 
-ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments)
+ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 {
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio recvfd sendfd rpath cpath wpath unix thread"));
 
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(0, nullptr));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
     app->set_quit_when_last_window_deleted(false);
 
     auto client = TRY(IPC::take_over_accepted_client_from_system_server<FileSystemAccessServer::ConnectionFromClient>());

Userland/Services/LoginServer/main.cpp

@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ static void login(Core::Account const& account, LoginWindow& window)
 
 ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 {
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
 
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio recvfd sendfd cpath chown rpath exec proc id"));
     TRY(Core::System::unveil("/home", "r"));

Userland/Services/NotificationServer/main.cpp

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 {
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio recvfd sendfd accept rpath unix"));
 
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
     auto server = TRY(IPC::MultiServer<NotificationServer::ConnectionFromClient>::try_create());
 
     TRY(Core::System::unveil("/res", "r"));

Userland/Services/Taskbar/main.cpp

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ static ErrorOr<NonnullRefPtr<GUI::Menu>> build_system_menu(GUI::Window&);
 ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 {
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio recvfd sendfd proc exec rpath unix sigaction"));
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
     Config::pledge_domains({ "Taskbar", "Calendar" });
     Config::monitor_domain("Taskbar");
     Config::monitor_domain("Calendar");

Userland/Utilities/chres.cpp

@@ -25,8 +25,7 @@ ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
     args_parser.parse(arguments);
 
     // A Core::EventLoop is all we need, but ConnectionToWindowServer needs a full Application object.
-    char* dummy_argv[] = { arguments.argv[0] };
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(1, dummy_argv));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
     auto screen_layout = GUI::ConnectionToWindowServer::the().get_screen_layout();
     if (screen < 0 || (size_t)screen >= screen_layout.screens.size()) {
         warnln("invalid screen index: {}", screen);

Userland/Utilities/copy.cpp

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ static ErrorOr<Options> parse_options(Main::Arguments arguments)
 
 ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 {
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
 
     Options options = TRY(parse_options(arguments));
 

Userland/Utilities/notify.cpp

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 {
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
 
     Core::ArgsParser args_parser;
     StringView title {};

Userland/Utilities/paste.cpp

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
     args_parser.add_positional_argument(watch_command, "Command to run in watch mode", "command", Core::ArgsParser::Required::No);
     args_parser.parse(arguments);
 
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
 
     auto& clipboard = GUI::Clipboard::the();
 

Userland/Utilities/shot.cpp

@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
         output_path = Core::DateTime::now().to_deprecated_string("screenshot-%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M-%S.png"sv);
     }
 
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
     Optional<Gfx::IntRect> crop_region;
     if (select_region) {
         auto window = GUI::Window::construct();

Userland/Utilities/wallpaper.cpp

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
     args_parser.add_positional_argument(path, "Wallpaper to set", "path", Core::ArgsParser::Required::No);
     args_parser.parse(arguments);
 
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
 
     TRY(Core::System::pledge("stdio rpath unix sendfd"));
 

Userland/Utilities/wsctl.cpp

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 
 ErrorOr<int> serenity_main(Main::Arguments arguments)
 {
-    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::try_create(arguments));
+    auto app = TRY(GUI::Application::create(arguments));
 
     int flash_flush = -1;
     Core::ArgsParser args_parser;