qemu/aio-posix.c
Stefan Hajnoczi 82a4118694 aio: self-tune polling time
This patch is based on the algorithm for the kvm.ko halt_poll_ns
parameter in Linux.  The initial polling time is zero.

If the event loop is woken up within the maximum polling time it means
polling could be effective, so grow polling time.

If the event loop is woken up beyond the maximum polling time it means
polling is not effective, so shrink polling time.

If the event loop makes progress within the current polling time then
the sweet spot has been reached.

This algorithm adjusts the polling time so it can adapt to variations in
workloads.  The goal is to reach the sweet spot while also recognizing
when polling would hurt more than help.

Two new trace events, poll_grow and poll_shrink, are added for observing
polling time adjustment.

Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Message-id: 20161201192652.9509-13-stefanha@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
2017-01-03 16:38:50 +00:00

740 lines
19 KiB
C

/*
* QEMU aio implementation
*
* Copyright IBM, Corp. 2008
*
* Authors:
* Anthony Liguori <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
*
* This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2. See
* the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
*
* Contributions after 2012-01-13 are licensed under the terms of the
* GNU GPL, version 2 or (at your option) any later version.
*/
#include "qemu/osdep.h"
#include "qemu-common.h"
#include "block/block.h"
#include "qemu/queue.h"
#include "qemu/sockets.h"
#include "qemu/cutils.h"
#include "trace.h"
#ifdef CONFIG_EPOLL_CREATE1
#include <sys/epoll.h>
#endif
struct AioHandler
{
GPollFD pfd;
IOHandler *io_read;
IOHandler *io_write;
AioPollFn *io_poll;
IOHandler *io_poll_begin;
IOHandler *io_poll_end;
int deleted;
void *opaque;
bool is_external;
QLIST_ENTRY(AioHandler) node;
};
#ifdef CONFIG_EPOLL_CREATE1
/* The fd number threashold to switch to epoll */
#define EPOLL_ENABLE_THRESHOLD 64
static void aio_epoll_disable(AioContext *ctx)
{
ctx->epoll_available = false;
if (!ctx->epoll_enabled) {
return;
}
ctx->epoll_enabled = false;
close(ctx->epollfd);
}
static inline int epoll_events_from_pfd(int pfd_events)
{
return (pfd_events & G_IO_IN ? EPOLLIN : 0) |
(pfd_events & G_IO_OUT ? EPOLLOUT : 0) |
(pfd_events & G_IO_HUP ? EPOLLHUP : 0) |
(pfd_events & G_IO_ERR ? EPOLLERR : 0);
}
static bool aio_epoll_try_enable(AioContext *ctx)
{
AioHandler *node;
struct epoll_event event;
QLIST_FOREACH(node, &ctx->aio_handlers, node) {
int r;
if (node->deleted || !node->pfd.events) {
continue;
}
event.events = epoll_events_from_pfd(node->pfd.events);
event.data.ptr = node;
r = epoll_ctl(ctx->epollfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, node->pfd.fd, &event);
if (r) {
return false;
}
}
ctx->epoll_enabled = true;
return true;
}
static void aio_epoll_update(AioContext *ctx, AioHandler *node, bool is_new)
{
struct epoll_event event;
int r;
int ctl;
if (!ctx->epoll_enabled) {
return;
}
if (!node->pfd.events) {
ctl = EPOLL_CTL_DEL;
} else {
event.data.ptr = node;
event.events = epoll_events_from_pfd(node->pfd.events);
ctl = is_new ? EPOLL_CTL_ADD : EPOLL_CTL_MOD;
}
r = epoll_ctl(ctx->epollfd, ctl, node->pfd.fd, &event);
if (r) {
aio_epoll_disable(ctx);
}
}
static int aio_epoll(AioContext *ctx, GPollFD *pfds,
unsigned npfd, int64_t timeout)
{
AioHandler *node;
int i, ret = 0;
struct epoll_event events[128];
assert(npfd == 1);
assert(pfds[0].fd == ctx->epollfd);
if (timeout > 0) {
ret = qemu_poll_ns(pfds, npfd, timeout);
}
if (timeout <= 0 || ret > 0) {
ret = epoll_wait(ctx->epollfd, events,
sizeof(events) / sizeof(events[0]),
timeout);
if (ret <= 0) {
goto out;
}
for (i = 0; i < ret; i++) {
int ev = events[i].events;
node = events[i].data.ptr;
node->pfd.revents = (ev & EPOLLIN ? G_IO_IN : 0) |
(ev & EPOLLOUT ? G_IO_OUT : 0) |
(ev & EPOLLHUP ? G_IO_HUP : 0) |
(ev & EPOLLERR ? G_IO_ERR : 0);
}
}
out:
return ret;
}
static bool aio_epoll_enabled(AioContext *ctx)
{
/* Fall back to ppoll when external clients are disabled. */
return !aio_external_disabled(ctx) && ctx->epoll_enabled;
}
static bool aio_epoll_check_poll(AioContext *ctx, GPollFD *pfds,
unsigned npfd, int64_t timeout)
{
if (!ctx->epoll_available) {
return false;
}
if (aio_epoll_enabled(ctx)) {
return true;
}
if (npfd >= EPOLL_ENABLE_THRESHOLD) {
if (aio_epoll_try_enable(ctx)) {
return true;
} else {
aio_epoll_disable(ctx);
}
}
return false;
}
#else
static void aio_epoll_update(AioContext *ctx, AioHandler *node, bool is_new)
{
}
static int aio_epoll(AioContext *ctx, GPollFD *pfds,
unsigned npfd, int64_t timeout)
{
assert(false);
}
static bool aio_epoll_enabled(AioContext *ctx)
{
return false;
}
static bool aio_epoll_check_poll(AioContext *ctx, GPollFD *pfds,
unsigned npfd, int64_t timeout)
{
return false;
}
#endif
static AioHandler *find_aio_handler(AioContext *ctx, int fd)
{
AioHandler *node;
QLIST_FOREACH(node, &ctx->aio_handlers, node) {
if (node->pfd.fd == fd)
if (!node->deleted)
return node;
}
return NULL;
}
void aio_set_fd_handler(AioContext *ctx,
int fd,
bool is_external,
IOHandler *io_read,
IOHandler *io_write,
AioPollFn *io_poll,
void *opaque)
{
AioHandler *node;
bool is_new = false;
bool deleted = false;
node = find_aio_handler(ctx, fd);
/* Are we deleting the fd handler? */
if (!io_read && !io_write && !io_poll) {
if (node == NULL) {
return;
}
g_source_remove_poll(&ctx->source, &node->pfd);
/* If the lock is held, just mark the node as deleted */
if (ctx->walking_handlers) {
node->deleted = 1;
node->pfd.revents = 0;
} else {
/* Otherwise, delete it for real. We can't just mark it as
* deleted because deleted nodes are only cleaned up after
* releasing the walking_handlers lock.
*/
QLIST_REMOVE(node, node);
deleted = true;
}
if (!node->io_poll) {
ctx->poll_disable_cnt--;
}
} else {
if (node == NULL) {
/* Alloc and insert if it's not already there */
node = g_new0(AioHandler, 1);
node->pfd.fd = fd;
QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&ctx->aio_handlers, node, node);
g_source_add_poll(&ctx->source, &node->pfd);
is_new = true;
ctx->poll_disable_cnt += !io_poll;
} else {
ctx->poll_disable_cnt += !io_poll - !node->io_poll;
}
/* Update handler with latest information */
node->io_read = io_read;
node->io_write = io_write;
node->io_poll = io_poll;
node->opaque = opaque;
node->is_external = is_external;
node->pfd.events = (io_read ? G_IO_IN | G_IO_HUP | G_IO_ERR : 0);
node->pfd.events |= (io_write ? G_IO_OUT | G_IO_ERR : 0);
}
aio_epoll_update(ctx, node, is_new);
aio_notify(ctx);
if (deleted) {
g_free(node);
}
}
void aio_set_fd_poll(AioContext *ctx, int fd,
IOHandler *io_poll_begin,
IOHandler *io_poll_end)
{
AioHandler *node = find_aio_handler(ctx, fd);
if (!node) {
return;
}
node->io_poll_begin = io_poll_begin;
node->io_poll_end = io_poll_end;
}
void aio_set_event_notifier(AioContext *ctx,
EventNotifier *notifier,
bool is_external,
EventNotifierHandler *io_read,
AioPollFn *io_poll)
{
aio_set_fd_handler(ctx, event_notifier_get_fd(notifier), is_external,
(IOHandler *)io_read, NULL, io_poll, notifier);
}
void aio_set_event_notifier_poll(AioContext *ctx,
EventNotifier *notifier,
EventNotifierHandler *io_poll_begin,
EventNotifierHandler *io_poll_end)
{
aio_set_fd_poll(ctx, event_notifier_get_fd(notifier),
(IOHandler *)io_poll_begin,
(IOHandler *)io_poll_end);
}
static void poll_set_started(AioContext *ctx, bool started)
{
AioHandler *node;
if (started == ctx->poll_started) {
return;
}
ctx->poll_started = started;
ctx->walking_handlers++;
QLIST_FOREACH(node, &ctx->aio_handlers, node) {
IOHandler *fn;
if (node->deleted) {
continue;
}
if (started) {
fn = node->io_poll_begin;
} else {
fn = node->io_poll_end;
}
if (fn) {
fn(node->opaque);
}
}
ctx->walking_handlers--;
}
bool aio_prepare(AioContext *ctx)
{
/* Poll mode cannot be used with glib's event loop, disable it. */
poll_set_started(ctx, false);
return false;
}
bool aio_pending(AioContext *ctx)
{
AioHandler *node;
QLIST_FOREACH(node, &ctx->aio_handlers, node) {
int revents;
revents = node->pfd.revents & node->pfd.events;
if (revents & (G_IO_IN | G_IO_HUP | G_IO_ERR) && node->io_read &&
aio_node_check(ctx, node->is_external)) {
return true;
}
if (revents & (G_IO_OUT | G_IO_ERR) && node->io_write &&
aio_node_check(ctx, node->is_external)) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
/*
* Note that dispatch_fds == false has the side-effect of post-poning the
* freeing of deleted handlers.
*/
bool aio_dispatch(AioContext *ctx, bool dispatch_fds)
{
AioHandler *node = NULL;
bool progress = false;
/*
* If there are callbacks left that have been queued, we need to call them.
* Do not call select in this case, because it is possible that the caller
* does not need a complete flush (as is the case for aio_poll loops).
*/
if (aio_bh_poll(ctx)) {
progress = true;
}
/*
* We have to walk very carefully in case aio_set_fd_handler is
* called while we're walking.
*/
if (dispatch_fds) {
node = QLIST_FIRST(&ctx->aio_handlers);
}
while (node) {
AioHandler *tmp;
int revents;
ctx->walking_handlers++;
revents = node->pfd.revents & node->pfd.events;
node->pfd.revents = 0;
if (!node->deleted &&
(revents & (G_IO_IN | G_IO_HUP | G_IO_ERR)) &&
aio_node_check(ctx, node->is_external) &&
node->io_read) {
node->io_read(node->opaque);
/* aio_notify() does not count as progress */
if (node->opaque != &ctx->notifier) {
progress = true;
}
}
if (!node->deleted &&
(revents & (G_IO_OUT | G_IO_ERR)) &&
aio_node_check(ctx, node->is_external) &&
node->io_write) {
node->io_write(node->opaque);
progress = true;
}
tmp = node;
node = QLIST_NEXT(node, node);
ctx->walking_handlers--;
if (!ctx->walking_handlers && tmp->deleted) {
QLIST_REMOVE(tmp, node);
g_free(tmp);
}
}
/* Run our timers */
progress |= timerlistgroup_run_timers(&ctx->tlg);
return progress;
}
/* These thread-local variables are used only in a small part of aio_poll
* around the call to the poll() system call. In particular they are not
* used while aio_poll is performing callbacks, which makes it much easier
* to think about reentrancy!
*
* Stack-allocated arrays would be perfect but they have size limitations;
* heap allocation is expensive enough that we want to reuse arrays across
* calls to aio_poll(). And because poll() has to be called without holding
* any lock, the arrays cannot be stored in AioContext. Thread-local data
* has none of the disadvantages of these three options.
*/
static __thread GPollFD *pollfds;
static __thread AioHandler **nodes;
static __thread unsigned npfd, nalloc;
static __thread Notifier pollfds_cleanup_notifier;
static void pollfds_cleanup(Notifier *n, void *unused)
{
g_assert(npfd == 0);
g_free(pollfds);
g_free(nodes);
nalloc = 0;
}
static void add_pollfd(AioHandler *node)
{
if (npfd == nalloc) {
if (nalloc == 0) {
pollfds_cleanup_notifier.notify = pollfds_cleanup;
qemu_thread_atexit_add(&pollfds_cleanup_notifier);
nalloc = 8;
} else {
g_assert(nalloc <= INT_MAX);
nalloc *= 2;
}
pollfds = g_renew(GPollFD, pollfds, nalloc);
nodes = g_renew(AioHandler *, nodes, nalloc);
}
nodes[npfd] = node;
pollfds[npfd] = (GPollFD) {
.fd = node->pfd.fd,
.events = node->pfd.events,
};
npfd++;
}
static bool run_poll_handlers_once(AioContext *ctx)
{
bool progress = false;
AioHandler *node;
QLIST_FOREACH(node, &ctx->aio_handlers, node) {
if (!node->deleted && node->io_poll &&
node->io_poll(node->opaque)) {
progress = true;
}
/* Caller handles freeing deleted nodes. Don't do it here. */
}
return progress;
}
/* run_poll_handlers:
* @ctx: the AioContext
* @max_ns: maximum time to poll for, in nanoseconds
*
* Polls for a given time.
*
* Note that ctx->notify_me must be non-zero so this function can detect
* aio_notify().
*
* Note that the caller must have incremented ctx->walking_handlers.
*
* Returns: true if progress was made, false otherwise
*/
static bool run_poll_handlers(AioContext *ctx, int64_t max_ns)
{
bool progress;
int64_t end_time;
assert(ctx->notify_me);
assert(ctx->walking_handlers > 0);
assert(ctx->poll_disable_cnt == 0);
trace_run_poll_handlers_begin(ctx, max_ns);
end_time = qemu_clock_get_ns(QEMU_CLOCK_REALTIME) + max_ns;
do {
progress = run_poll_handlers_once(ctx);
} while (!progress && qemu_clock_get_ns(QEMU_CLOCK_REALTIME) < end_time);
trace_run_poll_handlers_end(ctx, progress);
return progress;
}
/* try_poll_mode:
* @ctx: the AioContext
* @blocking: busy polling is only attempted when blocking is true
*
* ctx->notify_me must be non-zero so this function can detect aio_notify().
*
* Note that the caller must have incremented ctx->walking_handlers.
*
* Returns: true if progress was made, false otherwise
*/
static bool try_poll_mode(AioContext *ctx, bool blocking)
{
if (blocking && ctx->poll_max_ns && ctx->poll_disable_cnt == 0) {
/* See qemu_soonest_timeout() uint64_t hack */
int64_t max_ns = MIN((uint64_t)aio_compute_timeout(ctx),
(uint64_t)ctx->poll_ns);
if (max_ns) {
poll_set_started(ctx, true);
if (run_poll_handlers(ctx, max_ns)) {
return true;
}
}
}
poll_set_started(ctx, false);
/* Even if we don't run busy polling, try polling once in case it can make
* progress and the caller will be able to avoid ppoll(2)/epoll_wait(2).
*/
return run_poll_handlers_once(ctx);
}
bool aio_poll(AioContext *ctx, bool blocking)
{
AioHandler *node;
int i;
int ret = 0;
bool progress;
int64_t timeout;
int64_t start = 0;
aio_context_acquire(ctx);
progress = false;
/* aio_notify can avoid the expensive event_notifier_set if
* everything (file descriptors, bottom halves, timers) will
* be re-evaluated before the next blocking poll(). This is
* already true when aio_poll is called with blocking == false;
* if blocking == true, it is only true after poll() returns,
* so disable the optimization now.
*/
if (blocking) {
atomic_add(&ctx->notify_me, 2);
}
ctx->walking_handlers++;
if (ctx->poll_max_ns) {
start = qemu_clock_get_ns(QEMU_CLOCK_REALTIME);
}
if (try_poll_mode(ctx, blocking)) {
progress = true;
} else {
assert(npfd == 0);
/* fill pollfds */
if (!aio_epoll_enabled(ctx)) {
QLIST_FOREACH(node, &ctx->aio_handlers, node) {
if (!node->deleted && node->pfd.events
&& aio_node_check(ctx, node->is_external)) {
add_pollfd(node);
}
}
}
timeout = blocking ? aio_compute_timeout(ctx) : 0;
/* wait until next event */
if (timeout) {
aio_context_release(ctx);
}
if (aio_epoll_check_poll(ctx, pollfds, npfd, timeout)) {
AioHandler epoll_handler;
epoll_handler.pfd.fd = ctx->epollfd;
epoll_handler.pfd.events = G_IO_IN | G_IO_OUT | G_IO_HUP | G_IO_ERR;
npfd = 0;
add_pollfd(&epoll_handler);
ret = aio_epoll(ctx, pollfds, npfd, timeout);
} else {
ret = qemu_poll_ns(pollfds, npfd, timeout);
}
if (timeout) {
aio_context_acquire(ctx);
}
}
if (blocking) {
atomic_sub(&ctx->notify_me, 2);
}
/* Adjust polling time */
if (ctx->poll_max_ns) {
int64_t block_ns = qemu_clock_get_ns(QEMU_CLOCK_REALTIME) - start;
if (block_ns <= ctx->poll_ns) {
/* This is the sweet spot, no adjustment needed */
} else if (block_ns > ctx->poll_max_ns) {
/* We'd have to poll for too long, poll less */
int64_t old = ctx->poll_ns;
if (ctx->poll_shrink) {
ctx->poll_ns /= ctx->poll_shrink;
} else {
ctx->poll_ns = 0;
}
trace_poll_shrink(ctx, old, ctx->poll_ns);
} else if (ctx->poll_ns < ctx->poll_max_ns &&
block_ns < ctx->poll_max_ns) {
/* There is room to grow, poll longer */
int64_t old = ctx->poll_ns;
int64_t grow = ctx->poll_grow;
if (grow == 0) {
grow = 2;
}
if (ctx->poll_ns) {
ctx->poll_ns *= grow;
} else {
ctx->poll_ns = 4000; /* start polling at 4 microseconds */
}
if (ctx->poll_ns > ctx->poll_max_ns) {
ctx->poll_ns = ctx->poll_max_ns;
}
trace_poll_grow(ctx, old, ctx->poll_ns);
}
}
aio_notify_accept(ctx);
/* if we have any readable fds, dispatch event */
if (ret > 0) {
for (i = 0; i < npfd; i++) {
nodes[i]->pfd.revents = pollfds[i].revents;
}
}
npfd = 0;
ctx->walking_handlers--;
/* Run dispatch even if there were no readable fds to run timers */
if (aio_dispatch(ctx, ret > 0)) {
progress = true;
}
aio_context_release(ctx);
return progress;
}
void aio_context_setup(AioContext *ctx)
{
/* TODO remove this in final patch submission */
if (getenv("QEMU_AIO_POLL_MAX_NS")) {
fprintf(stderr, "The QEMU_AIO_POLL_MAX_NS environment variable has "
"been replaced with -object iothread,poll-max-ns=NUM\n");
exit(1);
}
#ifdef CONFIG_EPOLL_CREATE1
assert(!ctx->epollfd);
ctx->epollfd = epoll_create1(EPOLL_CLOEXEC);
if (ctx->epollfd == -1) {
fprintf(stderr, "Failed to create epoll instance: %s", strerror(errno));
ctx->epoll_available = false;
} else {
ctx->epoll_available = true;
}
#endif
}
void aio_context_set_poll_params(AioContext *ctx, int64_t max_ns,
int64_t grow, int64_t shrink, Error **errp)
{
/* No thread synchronization here, it doesn't matter if an incorrect value
* is used once.
*/
ctx->poll_max_ns = max_ns;
ctx->poll_ns = 0;
ctx->poll_grow = grow;
ctx->poll_shrink = shrink;
aio_notify(ctx);
}