diff --git a/linux-user/main.c b/linux-user/main.c
index 5ff06ac86c..75b199f274 100644
--- a/linux-user/main.c
+++ b/linux-user/main.c
@@ -2926,51 +2926,6 @@ void cpu_loop(CPUM68KState *env)
 #endif /* TARGET_M68K */
 
 #ifdef TARGET_ALPHA
-static void do_store_exclusive(CPUAlphaState *env, int reg, int quad)
-{
-    target_ulong addr, val, tmp;
-    target_siginfo_t info;
-    int ret = 0;
-
-    addr = env->lock_addr;
-    tmp = env->lock_st_addr;
-    env->lock_addr = -1;
-    env->lock_st_addr = 0;
-
-    start_exclusive();
-    mmap_lock();
-
-    if (addr == tmp) {
-        if (quad ? get_user_s64(val, addr) : get_user_s32(val, addr)) {
-            goto do_sigsegv;
-        }
-
-        if (val == env->lock_value) {
-            tmp = env->ir[reg];
-            if (quad ? put_user_u64(tmp, addr) : put_user_u32(tmp, addr)) {
-                goto do_sigsegv;
-            }
-            ret = 1;
-        }
-    }
-    env->ir[reg] = ret;
-    env->pc += 4;
-
-    mmap_unlock();
-    end_exclusive();
-    return;
-
- do_sigsegv:
-    mmap_unlock();
-    end_exclusive();
-
-    info.si_signo = TARGET_SIGSEGV;
-    info.si_errno = 0;
-    info.si_code = TARGET_SEGV_MAPERR;
-    info._sifields._sigfault._addr = addr;
-    queue_signal(env, TARGET_SIGSEGV, QEMU_SI_FAULT, &info);
-}
-
 void cpu_loop(CPUAlphaState *env)
 {
     CPUState *cs = CPU(alpha_env_get_cpu(env));
@@ -3145,10 +3100,6 @@ void cpu_loop(CPUAlphaState *env)
                 queue_signal(env, info.si_signo, QEMU_SI_FAULT, &info);
             }
             break;
-        case EXCP_STL_C:
-        case EXCP_STQ_C:
-            do_store_exclusive(env, env->error_code, trapnr - EXCP_STL_C);
-            break;
         case EXCP_INTERRUPT:
             /* Just indicate that signals should be handled asap.  */
             break;
diff --git a/target-alpha/cpu.h b/target-alpha/cpu.h
index 871d9baa35..b08d1601d1 100644
--- a/target-alpha/cpu.h
+++ b/target-alpha/cpu.h
@@ -230,7 +230,6 @@ struct CPUAlphaState {
     uint64_t pc;
     uint64_t unique;
     uint64_t lock_addr;
-    uint64_t lock_st_addr;
     uint64_t lock_value;
 
     /* The FPCR, and disassembled portions thereof.  */
@@ -346,9 +345,6 @@ enum {
     EXCP_ARITH,
     EXCP_FEN,
     EXCP_CALL_PAL,
-    /* For Usermode emulation.  */
-    EXCP_STL_C,
-    EXCP_STQ_C,
 };
 
 /* Alpha-specific interrupt pending bits.  */
diff --git a/target-alpha/helper.c b/target-alpha/helper.c
index 9ba3e1a1b8..2ef6cbe2a4 100644
--- a/target-alpha/helper.c
+++ b/target-alpha/helper.c
@@ -306,12 +306,6 @@ void alpha_cpu_do_interrupt(CPUState *cs)
         case EXCP_CALL_PAL:
             name = "call_pal";
             break;
-        case EXCP_STL_C:
-            name = "stl_c";
-            break;
-        case EXCP_STQ_C:
-            name = "stq_c";
-            break;
         }
         qemu_log("INT %6d: %s(%#x) pc=%016" PRIx64 " sp=%016" PRIx64 "\n",
                  ++count, name, env->error_code, env->pc, env->ir[IR_SP]);
diff --git a/target-alpha/machine.c b/target-alpha/machine.c
index 710b7835b4..b99a123a39 100644
--- a/target-alpha/machine.c
+++ b/target-alpha/machine.c
@@ -45,8 +45,6 @@ static VMStateField vmstate_env_fields[] = {
     VMSTATE_UINTTL(unique, CPUAlphaState),
     VMSTATE_UINTTL(lock_addr, CPUAlphaState),
     VMSTATE_UINTTL(lock_value, CPUAlphaState),
-    /* Note that lock_st_addr is not saved; it is a temporary
-       used during the execution of the st[lq]_c insns.  */
 
     VMSTATE_UINT8(ps, CPUAlphaState),
     VMSTATE_UINT8(intr_flag, CPUAlphaState),
diff --git a/target-alpha/translate.c b/target-alpha/translate.c
index a2e2a62098..03e47765ed 100644
--- a/target-alpha/translate.c
+++ b/target-alpha/translate.c
@@ -99,7 +99,6 @@ static TCGv cpu_std_ir[31];
 static TCGv cpu_fir[31];
 static TCGv cpu_pc;
 static TCGv cpu_lock_addr;
-static TCGv cpu_lock_st_addr;
 static TCGv cpu_lock_value;
 
 #ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
@@ -116,7 +115,6 @@ void alpha_translate_init(void)
     static const GlobalVar vars[] = {
         DEF_VAR(pc),
         DEF_VAR(lock_addr),
-        DEF_VAR(lock_st_addr),
         DEF_VAR(lock_value),
     };
 
@@ -198,6 +196,23 @@ static TCGv dest_sink(DisasContext *ctx)
     return ctx->sink;
 }
 
+static void free_context_temps(DisasContext *ctx)
+{
+    if (!TCGV_IS_UNUSED_I64(ctx->sink)) {
+        tcg_gen_discard_i64(ctx->sink);
+        tcg_temp_free(ctx->sink);
+        TCGV_UNUSED_I64(ctx->sink);
+    }
+    if (!TCGV_IS_UNUSED_I64(ctx->zero)) {
+        tcg_temp_free(ctx->zero);
+        TCGV_UNUSED_I64(ctx->zero);
+    }
+    if (!TCGV_IS_UNUSED_I64(ctx->lit)) {
+        tcg_temp_free(ctx->lit);
+        TCGV_UNUSED_I64(ctx->lit);
+    }
+}
+
 static TCGv load_gpr(DisasContext *ctx, unsigned reg)
 {
     if (likely(reg < 31)) {
@@ -395,56 +410,37 @@ static ExitStatus gen_store_conditional(DisasContext *ctx, int ra, int rb,
                                         int32_t disp16, int mem_idx,
                                         TCGMemOp op)
 {
-    TCGv addr;
-
-    if (ra == 31) {
-        /* ??? Don't bother storing anything.  The user can't tell
-           the difference, since the zero register always reads zero.  */
-        return NO_EXIT;
-    }
-
-#if defined(CONFIG_USER_ONLY)
-    addr = cpu_lock_st_addr;
-#else
-    addr = tcg_temp_local_new();
-#endif
+    TCGLabel *lab_fail, *lab_done;
+    TCGv addr, val;
 
+    addr = tcg_temp_new_i64();
     tcg_gen_addi_i64(addr, load_gpr(ctx, rb), disp16);
+    free_context_temps(ctx);
 
-#if defined(CONFIG_USER_ONLY)
-    /* ??? This is handled via a complicated version of compare-and-swap
-       in the cpu_loop.  Hopefully one day we'll have a real CAS opcode
-       in TCG so that this isn't necessary.  */
-    return gen_excp(ctx, (op & MO_SIZE) == MO_64 ? EXCP_STQ_C : EXCP_STL_C, ra);
-#else
-    /* ??? In system mode we are never multi-threaded, so CAS can be
-       implemented via a non-atomic load-compare-store sequence.  */
-    {
-        TCGLabel *lab_fail, *lab_done;
-        TCGv val;
+    lab_fail = gen_new_label();
+    lab_done = gen_new_label();
+    tcg_gen_brcond_i64(TCG_COND_NE, addr, cpu_lock_addr, lab_fail);
+    tcg_temp_free_i64(addr);
 
-        lab_fail = gen_new_label();
-        lab_done = gen_new_label();
-        tcg_gen_brcond_i64(TCG_COND_NE, addr, cpu_lock_addr, lab_fail);
+    val = tcg_temp_new_i64();
+    tcg_gen_atomic_cmpxchg_i64(val, cpu_lock_addr, cpu_lock_value,
+                               load_gpr(ctx, ra), mem_idx, op);
+    free_context_temps(ctx);
 
-        val = tcg_temp_new();
-        tcg_gen_qemu_ld_i64(val, addr, mem_idx, op);
-        tcg_gen_brcond_i64(TCG_COND_NE, val, cpu_lock_value, lab_fail);
-
-        tcg_gen_qemu_st_i64(ctx->ir[ra], addr, mem_idx, op);
-        tcg_gen_movi_i64(ctx->ir[ra], 1);
-        tcg_gen_br(lab_done);
-
-        gen_set_label(lab_fail);
-        tcg_gen_movi_i64(ctx->ir[ra], 0);
-
-        gen_set_label(lab_done);
-        tcg_gen_movi_i64(cpu_lock_addr, -1);
-
-        tcg_temp_free(addr);
-        return NO_EXIT;
+    if (ra != 31) {
+        tcg_gen_setcond_i64(TCG_COND_EQ, ctx->ir[ra], val, cpu_lock_value);
     }
-#endif
+    tcg_temp_free_i64(val);
+    tcg_gen_br(lab_done);
+
+    gen_set_label(lab_fail);
+    if (ra != 31) {
+        tcg_gen_movi_i64(ctx->ir[ra], 0);
+    }
+
+    gen_set_label(lab_done);
+    tcg_gen_movi_i64(cpu_lock_addr, -1);
+    return NO_EXIT;
 }
 
 static bool in_superpage(DisasContext *ctx, int64_t addr)
@@ -2914,6 +2910,10 @@ void gen_intermediate_code(CPUAlphaState *env, struct TranslationBlock *tb)
     /* Similarly for flush-to-zero.  */
     ctx.tb_ftz = -1;
 
+    TCGV_UNUSED_I64(ctx.zero);
+    TCGV_UNUSED_I64(ctx.sink);
+    TCGV_UNUSED_I64(ctx.lit);
+
     num_insns = 0;
     max_insns = tb->cflags & CF_COUNT_MASK;
     if (max_insns == 0) {
@@ -2948,23 +2948,9 @@ void gen_intermediate_code(CPUAlphaState *env, struct TranslationBlock *tb)
         }
         insn = cpu_ldl_code(env, ctx.pc);
 
-        TCGV_UNUSED_I64(ctx.zero);
-        TCGV_UNUSED_I64(ctx.sink);
-        TCGV_UNUSED_I64(ctx.lit);
-
         ctx.pc += 4;
         ret = translate_one(ctxp, insn);
-
-        if (!TCGV_IS_UNUSED_I64(ctx.sink)) {
-            tcg_gen_discard_i64(ctx.sink);
-            tcg_temp_free(ctx.sink);
-        }
-        if (!TCGV_IS_UNUSED_I64(ctx.zero)) {
-            tcg_temp_free(ctx.zero);
-        }
-        if (!TCGV_IS_UNUSED_I64(ctx.lit)) {
-            tcg_temp_free(ctx.lit);
-        }
+        free_context_temps(ctxp);
 
         /* If we reach a page boundary, are single stepping,
            or exhaust instruction count, stop generation.  */