exec: reintroduce MemoryRegion caching

MemoryRegionCache was reverted to "normal" address_space_* operations
for 2.9, due to lack of support for IOMMUs.  Reinstate the
optimizations, caching only the IOMMU translation at address_cache_init
but not the IOMMU lookup and target AddressSpace translation are not
cached; now that MemoryRegionCache supports IOMMUs, it becomes more widely
applicable too.

The inlined fast path is defined in memory_ldst_cached.inc.h, while the
slow path uses memory_ldst.inc.c as before.  The smaller fast path causes
a little code size reduction in MemoryRegionCache users:

    hw/virtio/virtio.o text size before: 32373
    hw/virtio/virtio.o text size after: 31941

Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>

exec.c

@@ -3641,33 +3641,130 @@ int64_t address_space_cache_init(MemoryRegionCache *cache,
                                  hwaddr len,
                                  bool is_write)
 {
-    cache->len = len;
-    cache->as = as;
-    cache->xlat = addr;
-    return len;
+    AddressSpaceDispatch *d;
+    hwaddr l;
+    MemoryRegion *mr;
+
+    assert(len > 0);
+
+    l = len;
+    cache->fv = address_space_get_flatview(as);
+    d = flatview_to_dispatch(cache->fv);
+    cache->mrs = *address_space_translate_internal(d, addr, &cache->xlat, &l, true);
+
+    mr = cache->mrs.mr;
+    memory_region_ref(mr);
+    if (memory_access_is_direct(mr, is_write)) {
+        l = flatview_extend_translation(cache->fv, addr, len, mr,
+                                        cache->xlat, l, is_write);
+        cache->ptr = qemu_ram_ptr_length(mr->ram_block, cache->xlat, &l, true);
+    } else {
+        cache->ptr = NULL;
+    }
+
+    cache->len = l;
+    cache->is_write = is_write;
+    return l;
 }
 
 void address_space_cache_invalidate(MemoryRegionCache *cache,
                                     hwaddr addr,
                                     hwaddr access_len)
 {
+    assert(cache->is_write);
+    if (likely(cache->ptr)) {
+        invalidate_and_set_dirty(cache->mrs.mr, addr + cache->xlat, access_len);
+    }
 }
 
 void address_space_cache_destroy(MemoryRegionCache *cache)
 {
-    cache->as = NULL;
+    if (!cache->mrs.mr) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (xen_enabled()) {
+        xen_invalidate_map_cache_entry(cache->ptr);
+    }
+    memory_region_unref(cache->mrs.mr);
+    flatview_unref(cache->fv);
+    cache->mrs.mr = NULL;
+    cache->fv = NULL;
+}
+
+/* Called from RCU critical section.  This function has the same
+ * semantics as address_space_translate, but it only works on a
+ * predefined range of a MemoryRegion that was mapped with
+ * address_space_cache_init.
+ */
+static inline MemoryRegion *address_space_translate_cached(
+    MemoryRegionCache *cache, hwaddr addr, hwaddr *xlat,
+    hwaddr *plen, bool is_write)
+{
+    MemoryRegionSection section;
+    MemoryRegion *mr;
+    IOMMUMemoryRegion *iommu_mr;
+    AddressSpace *target_as;
+
+    assert(!cache->ptr);
+    *xlat = addr + cache->xlat;
+
+    mr = cache->mrs.mr;
+    iommu_mr = memory_region_get_iommu(mr);
+    if (!iommu_mr) {
+        /* MMIO region.  */
+        return mr;
+    }
+
+    section = address_space_translate_iommu(iommu_mr, xlat, plen,
+                                            NULL, is_write, true,
+                                            &target_as);
+    return section.mr;
+}
+
+/* Called from RCU critical section. address_space_read_cached uses this
+ * out of line function when the target is an MMIO or IOMMU region.
+ */
+void
+address_space_read_cached_slow(MemoryRegionCache *cache, hwaddr addr,
+                                   void *buf, int len)
+{
+    hwaddr addr1, l;
+    MemoryRegion *mr;
+
+    l = len;
+    mr = address_space_translate_cached(cache, addr, &addr1, &l, false);
+    flatview_read_continue(cache->fv,
+                           addr, MEMTXATTRS_UNSPECIFIED, buf, len,
+                           addr1, l, mr);
+}
+
+/* Called from RCU critical section. address_space_write_cached uses this
+ * out of line function when the target is an MMIO or IOMMU region.
+ */
+void
+address_space_write_cached_slow(MemoryRegionCache *cache, hwaddr addr,
+                                    const void *buf, int len)
+{
+    hwaddr addr1, l;
+    MemoryRegion *mr;
+
+    l = len;
+    mr = address_space_translate_cached(cache, addr, &addr1, &l, true);
+    flatview_write_continue(cache->fv,
+                            addr, MEMTXATTRS_UNSPECIFIED, buf, len,
+                            addr1, l, mr);
 }
 
 #define ARG1_DECL                MemoryRegionCache *cache
 #define ARG1                     cache
-#define SUFFIX                   _cached
-#define TRANSLATE(addr, ...)     \
-    address_space_translate(cache->as, cache->xlat + (addr), __VA_ARGS__)
-#define IS_DIRECT(mr, is_write)  true
-#define MAP_RAM(mr, ofs)         qemu_map_ram_ptr((mr)->ram_block, ofs)
+#define SUFFIX                   _cached_slow
+#define TRANSLATE(...)           address_space_translate_cached(cache, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define IS_DIRECT(mr, is_write)  memory_access_is_direct(mr, is_write)
+#define MAP_RAM(mr, ofs)         (cache->ptr + (ofs - cache->xlat))
 #define INVALIDATE(mr, ofs, len) invalidate_and_set_dirty(mr, ofs, len)
-#define RCU_READ_LOCK()          rcu_read_lock()
-#define RCU_READ_UNLOCK()        rcu_read_unlock()
+#define RCU_READ_LOCK()          ((void)0)
+#define RCU_READ_UNLOCK()        ((void)0)
 #include "memory_ldst.inc.c"
 
 /* virtual memory access for debug (includes writing to ROM) */

include/exec/cpu-all.h

@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ extern unsigned long reserved_va;
 #define TARGET_ENDIANNESS
 #include "exec/memory_ldst.inc.h"
 
-#define SUFFIX       _cached
+#define SUFFIX       _cached_slow
 #define ARG1         cache
 #define ARG1_DECL    MemoryRegionCache *cache
 #define TARGET_ENDIANNESS
@@ -193,6 +193,10 @@ static inline void stl_phys_notdirty(AddressSpace *as, hwaddr addr, uint32_t val
 #define TARGET_ENDIANNESS
 #include "exec/memory_ldst_phys.inc.h"
 
+/* Inline fast path for direct RAM access.  */
+#define ENDIANNESS
+#include "exec/memory_ldst_cached.inc.h"
+
 #define SUFFIX       _cached
 #define ARG1         cache
 #define ARG1_DECL    MemoryRegionCache *cache

include/exec/memory-internal.h

@@ -31,6 +31,9 @@ static inline AddressSpaceDispatch *address_space_to_dispatch(AddressSpace *as)
     return flatview_to_dispatch(address_space_to_flatview(as));
 }
 
+FlatView *address_space_get_flatview(AddressSpace *as);
+void flatview_unref(FlatView *view);
+
 extern const MemoryRegionOps unassigned_mem_ops;
 
 bool memory_region_access_valid(MemoryRegion *mr, hwaddr addr,

include/exec/memory.h

@@ -1688,12 +1688,16 @@ MemTxResult address_space_write(AddressSpace *as, hwaddr addr,
 #include "exec/memory_ldst_phys.inc.h"
 
 struct MemoryRegionCache {
+    void *ptr;
     hwaddr xlat;
     hwaddr len;
-    AddressSpace *as;
+    FlatView *fv;
+    MemoryRegionSection mrs;
+    bool is_write;
 };
 
-#define MEMORY_REGION_CACHE_INVALID ((MemoryRegionCache) { .as = NULL })
+#define MEMORY_REGION_CACHE_INVALID ((MemoryRegionCache) { .mrs.mr = NULL })
+
 
 /* address_space_ld*_cached: load from a cached #MemoryRegion
  * address_space_st*_cached: store into a cached #MemoryRegion
@@ -1719,11 +1723,40 @@ struct MemoryRegionCache {
  *   if NULL, this information is discarded
  */
 
-#define SUFFIX       _cached
+#define SUFFIX       _cached_slow
 #define ARG1         cache
 #define ARG1_DECL    MemoryRegionCache *cache
 #include "exec/memory_ldst.inc.h"
 
+/* Inline fast path for direct RAM access.  */
+static inline uint8_t address_space_ldub_cached(MemoryRegionCache *cache,
+    hwaddr addr, MemTxAttrs attrs, MemTxResult *result)
+{
+    assert(addr < cache->len);
+    if (likely(cache->ptr)) {
+        return ldub_p(cache->ptr + addr);
+    } else {
+        return address_space_ldub_cached_slow(cache, addr, attrs, result);
+    }
+}
+
+static inline void address_space_stb_cached(MemoryRegionCache *cache,
+    hwaddr addr, uint32_t val, MemTxAttrs attrs, MemTxResult *result)
+{
+    assert(addr < cache->len);
+    if (likely(cache->ptr)) {
+        stb_p(cache->ptr + addr, val);
+    } else {
+        address_space_stb_cached_slow(cache, addr, val, attrs, result);
+    }
+}
+
+#define ENDIANNESS   _le
+#include "exec/memory_ldst_cached.inc.h"
+
+#define ENDIANNESS   _be
+#include "exec/memory_ldst_cached.inc.h"
+
 #define SUFFIX       _cached
 #define ARG1         cache
 #define ARG1_DECL    MemoryRegionCache *cache
@@ -1860,6 +1893,13 @@ MemTxResult flatview_read_continue(FlatView *fv, hwaddr addr,
                                    MemoryRegion *mr);
 void *qemu_map_ram_ptr(RAMBlock *ram_block, ram_addr_t addr);
 
+/* Internal functions, part of the implementation of address_space_read_cached
+ * and address_space_write_cached.  */
+void address_space_read_cached_slow(MemoryRegionCache *cache,
+                                    hwaddr addr, void *buf, int len);
+void address_space_write_cached_slow(MemoryRegionCache *cache,
+                                     hwaddr addr, const void *buf, int len);
+
 static inline bool memory_access_is_direct(MemoryRegion *mr, bool is_write)
 {
     if (is_write) {
@@ -1928,7 +1968,11 @@ address_space_read_cached(MemoryRegionCache *cache, hwaddr addr,
                           void *buf, int len)
 {
     assert(addr < cache->len && len <= cache->len - addr);
-    address_space_read(cache->as, cache->xlat + addr, MEMTXATTRS_UNSPECIFIED, buf, len);
+    if (likely(cache->ptr)) {
+        memcpy(buf, cache->ptr + addr, len);
+    } else {
+        address_space_read_cached_slow(cache, addr, buf, len);
+    }
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1944,7 +1988,11 @@ address_space_write_cached(MemoryRegionCache *cache, hwaddr addr,
                            void *buf, int len)
 {
     assert(addr < cache->len && len <= cache->len - addr);
-    address_space_write(cache->as, cache->xlat + addr, MEMTXATTRS_UNSPECIFIED, buf, len);
+    if (likely(cache->ptr)) {
+        memcpy(cache->ptr + addr, buf, len);
+    } else {
+        address_space_write_cached_slow(cache, addr, buf, len);
+    }
 }
 
 #endif

include/exec/memory_ldst_cached.inc.h

@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+/*
+ *  Memory access templates for MemoryRegionCache
+ *
+ *  Copyright (c) 2018 Red Hat, Inc.
+ *
+ * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License along with this library; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+
+#define ADDRESS_SPACE_LD_CACHED(size) \
+    glue(glue(address_space_ld, size), glue(ENDIANNESS, _cached))
+#define ADDRESS_SPACE_LD_CACHED_SLOW(size) \
+    glue(glue(address_space_ld, size), glue(ENDIANNESS, _cached_slow))
+#define LD_P(size) \
+    glue(glue(ld, size), glue(ENDIANNESS, _p))
+
+static inline uint32_t ADDRESS_SPACE_LD_CACHED(l)(MemoryRegionCache *cache,
+    hwaddr addr, MemTxAttrs attrs, MemTxResult *result)
+{
+    assert(addr < cache->len && 4 <= cache->len - addr);
+    if (likely(cache->ptr)) {
+        return LD_P(l)(cache->ptr + addr);
+    } else {
+        return ADDRESS_SPACE_LD_CACHED_SLOW(l)(cache, addr, attrs, result);
+    }
+}
+
+static inline uint64_t ADDRESS_SPACE_LD_CACHED(q)(MemoryRegionCache *cache,
+    hwaddr addr, MemTxAttrs attrs, MemTxResult *result)
+{
+    assert(addr < cache->len && 8 <= cache->len - addr);
+    if (likely(cache->ptr)) {
+        return LD_P(q)(cache->ptr + addr);
+    } else {
+        return ADDRESS_SPACE_LD_CACHED_SLOW(q)(cache, addr, attrs, result);
+    }
+}
+
+static inline uint32_t ADDRESS_SPACE_LD_CACHED(uw)(MemoryRegionCache *cache,
+    hwaddr addr, MemTxAttrs attrs, MemTxResult *result)
+{
+    assert(addr < cache->len && 2 <= cache->len - addr);
+    if (likely(cache->ptr)) {
+        return LD_P(uw)(cache->ptr + addr);
+    } else {
+        return ADDRESS_SPACE_LD_CACHED_SLOW(uw)(cache, addr, attrs, result);
+    }
+}
+
+#undef ADDRESS_SPACE_LD_CACHED
+#undef ADDRESS_SPACE_LD_CACHED_SLOW
+#undef LD_P
+
+#define ADDRESS_SPACE_ST_CACHED(size) \
+    glue(glue(address_space_st, size), glue(ENDIANNESS, _cached))
+#define ADDRESS_SPACE_ST_CACHED_SLOW(size) \
+    glue(glue(address_space_st, size), glue(ENDIANNESS, _cached_slow))
+#define ST_P(size) \
+    glue(glue(st, size), glue(ENDIANNESS, _p))
+
+static inline void ADDRESS_SPACE_ST_CACHED(l)(MemoryRegionCache *cache,
+    hwaddr addr, uint32_t val, MemTxAttrs attrs, MemTxResult *result)
+{
+    assert(addr < cache->len && 4 <= cache->len - addr);
+    if (likely(cache->ptr)) {
+        ST_P(l)(cache->ptr + addr, val);
+    } else {
+        ADDRESS_SPACE_ST_CACHED_SLOW(l)(cache, addr, val, attrs, result);
+    }
+}
+
+static inline void ADDRESS_SPACE_ST_CACHED(w)(MemoryRegionCache *cache,
+    hwaddr addr, uint32_t val, MemTxAttrs attrs, MemTxResult *result)
+{
+    assert(addr < cache->len && 2 <= cache->len - addr);
+    if (likely(cache->ptr)) {
+        ST_P(w)(cache->ptr + addr, val);
+    } else {
+        ADDRESS_SPACE_ST_CACHED_SLOW(w)(cache, addr, val, attrs, result);
+    }
+}
+
+static inline void ADDRESS_SPACE_ST_CACHED(q)(MemoryRegionCache *cache,
+    hwaddr addr, uint64_t val, MemTxAttrs attrs, MemTxResult *result)
+{
+    assert(addr < cache->len && 8 <= cache->len - addr);
+    if (likely(cache->ptr)) {
+        ST_P(q)(cache->ptr + addr, val);
+    } else {
+        ADDRESS_SPACE_ST_CACHED_SLOW(q)(cache, addr, val, attrs, result);
+    }
+}
+
+#undef ADDRESS_SPACE_ST_CACHED
+#undef ADDRESS_SPACE_ST_CACHED_SLOW
+#undef ST_P
+
+#undef ENDIANNESS

memory.c

@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ static bool flatview_ref(FlatView *view)
     return atomic_fetch_inc_nonzero(&view->ref) > 0;
 }
 
-static void flatview_unref(FlatView *view)
+void flatview_unref(FlatView *view)
 {
     if (atomic_fetch_dec(&view->ref) == 1) {
         trace_flatview_destroy_rcu(view, view->root);
@@ -822,7 +822,7 @@ static void address_space_add_del_ioeventfds(AddressSpace *as,
     }
 }
 
-static FlatView *address_space_get_flatview(AddressSpace *as)
+FlatView *address_space_get_flatview(AddressSpace *as)
 {
     FlatView *view;