linux/drivers/base/memory.c
Vitaly Kuznetsov 31bc3858ea memory-hotplug: add automatic onlining policy for the newly added memory
Currently, all newly added memory blocks remain in 'offline' state
unless someone onlines them, some linux distributions carry special udev
rules like:

  SUBSYSTEM=="memory", ACTION=="add", ATTR{state}=="offline", ATTR{state}="online"

to make this happen automatically.  This is not a great solution for
virtual machines where memory hotplug is being used to address high
memory pressure situations as such onlining is slow and a userspace
process doing this (udev) has a chance of being killed by the OOM killer
as it will probably require to allocate some memory.

Introduce default policy for the newly added memory blocks in
/sys/devices/system/memory/auto_online_blocks file with two possible
values: "offline" which preserves the current behavior and "online"
which causes all newly added memory blocks to go online as soon as
they're added.  The default is "offline".

Signed-off-by: Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: Tang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Vrabel <david.vrabel@citrix.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Xishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: "K. Y. Srinivasan" <kys@microsoft.com>
Cc: Igor Mammedov <imammedo@redhat.com>
Cc: Kay Sievers <kay@vrfy.org>
Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Cc: Boris Ostrovsky <boris.ostrovsky@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-03-15 16:55:16 -07:00

827 lines
20 KiB
C

/*
* Memory subsystem support
*
* Written by Matt Tolentino <matthew.e.tolentino@intel.com>
* Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com>
*
* This file provides the necessary infrastructure to represent
* a SPARSEMEM-memory-model system's physical memory in /sysfs.
* All arch-independent code that assumes MEMORY_HOTPLUG requires
* SPARSEMEM should be contained here, or in mm/memory_hotplug.c.
*/
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/topology.h>
#include <linux/capability.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/memory.h>
#include <linux/memory_hotplug.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/mutex.h>
#include <linux/stat.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/atomic.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
static DEFINE_MUTEX(mem_sysfs_mutex);
#define MEMORY_CLASS_NAME "memory"
#define to_memory_block(dev) container_of(dev, struct memory_block, dev)
static int sections_per_block;
static inline int base_memory_block_id(int section_nr)
{
return section_nr / sections_per_block;
}
static int memory_subsys_online(struct device *dev);
static int memory_subsys_offline(struct device *dev);
static struct bus_type memory_subsys = {
.name = MEMORY_CLASS_NAME,
.dev_name = MEMORY_CLASS_NAME,
.online = memory_subsys_online,
.offline = memory_subsys_offline,
};
static BLOCKING_NOTIFIER_HEAD(memory_chain);
int register_memory_notifier(struct notifier_block *nb)
{
return blocking_notifier_chain_register(&memory_chain, nb);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(register_memory_notifier);
void unregister_memory_notifier(struct notifier_block *nb)
{
blocking_notifier_chain_unregister(&memory_chain, nb);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(unregister_memory_notifier);
static ATOMIC_NOTIFIER_HEAD(memory_isolate_chain);
int register_memory_isolate_notifier(struct notifier_block *nb)
{
return atomic_notifier_chain_register(&memory_isolate_chain, nb);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(register_memory_isolate_notifier);
void unregister_memory_isolate_notifier(struct notifier_block *nb)
{
atomic_notifier_chain_unregister(&memory_isolate_chain, nb);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(unregister_memory_isolate_notifier);
static void memory_block_release(struct device *dev)
{
struct memory_block *mem = to_memory_block(dev);
kfree(mem);
}
unsigned long __weak memory_block_size_bytes(void)
{
return MIN_MEMORY_BLOCK_SIZE;
}
static unsigned long get_memory_block_size(void)
{
unsigned long block_sz;
block_sz = memory_block_size_bytes();
/* Validate blk_sz is a power of 2 and not less than section size */
if ((block_sz & (block_sz - 1)) || (block_sz < MIN_MEMORY_BLOCK_SIZE)) {
WARN_ON(1);
block_sz = MIN_MEMORY_BLOCK_SIZE;
}
return block_sz;
}
/*
* use this as the physical section index that this memsection
* uses.
*/
static ssize_t show_mem_start_phys_index(struct device *dev,
struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
{
struct memory_block *mem = to_memory_block(dev);
unsigned long phys_index;
phys_index = mem->start_section_nr / sections_per_block;
return sprintf(buf, "%08lx\n", phys_index);
}
/*
* Show whether the section of memory is likely to be hot-removable
*/
static ssize_t show_mem_removable(struct device *dev,
struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
{
unsigned long i, pfn;
int ret = 1;
struct memory_block *mem = to_memory_block(dev);
for (i = 0; i < sections_per_block; i++) {
if (!present_section_nr(mem->start_section_nr + i))
continue;
pfn = section_nr_to_pfn(mem->start_section_nr + i);
ret &= is_mem_section_removable(pfn, PAGES_PER_SECTION);
}
return sprintf(buf, "%d\n", ret);
}
/*
* online, offline, going offline, etc.
*/
static ssize_t show_mem_state(struct device *dev,
struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
{
struct memory_block *mem = to_memory_block(dev);
ssize_t len = 0;
/*
* We can probably put these states in a nice little array
* so that they're not open-coded
*/
switch (mem->state) {
case MEM_ONLINE:
len = sprintf(buf, "online\n");
break;
case MEM_OFFLINE:
len = sprintf(buf, "offline\n");
break;
case MEM_GOING_OFFLINE:
len = sprintf(buf, "going-offline\n");
break;
default:
len = sprintf(buf, "ERROR-UNKNOWN-%ld\n",
mem->state);
WARN_ON(1);
break;
}
return len;
}
int memory_notify(unsigned long val, void *v)
{
return blocking_notifier_call_chain(&memory_chain, val, v);
}
int memory_isolate_notify(unsigned long val, void *v)
{
return atomic_notifier_call_chain(&memory_isolate_chain, val, v);
}
/*
* The probe routines leave the pages reserved, just as the bootmem code does.
* Make sure they're still that way.
*/
static bool pages_correctly_reserved(unsigned long start_pfn)
{
int i, j;
struct page *page;
unsigned long pfn = start_pfn;
/*
* memmap between sections is not contiguous except with
* SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP. We lookup the page once per section
* and assume memmap is contiguous within each section
*/
for (i = 0; i < sections_per_block; i++, pfn += PAGES_PER_SECTION) {
if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!pfn_valid(pfn)))
return false;
page = pfn_to_page(pfn);
for (j = 0; j < PAGES_PER_SECTION; j++) {
if (PageReserved(page + j))
continue;
printk(KERN_WARNING "section number %ld page number %d "
"not reserved, was it already online?\n",
pfn_to_section_nr(pfn), j);
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
/*
* MEMORY_HOTPLUG depends on SPARSEMEM in mm/Kconfig, so it is
* OK to have direct references to sparsemem variables in here.
* Must already be protected by mem_hotplug_begin().
*/
static int
memory_block_action(unsigned long phys_index, unsigned long action, int online_type)
{
unsigned long start_pfn;
unsigned long nr_pages = PAGES_PER_SECTION * sections_per_block;
struct page *first_page;
int ret;
start_pfn = section_nr_to_pfn(phys_index);
first_page = pfn_to_page(start_pfn);
switch (action) {
case MEM_ONLINE:
if (!pages_correctly_reserved(start_pfn))
return -EBUSY;
ret = online_pages(start_pfn, nr_pages, online_type);
break;
case MEM_OFFLINE:
ret = offline_pages(start_pfn, nr_pages);
break;
default:
WARN(1, KERN_WARNING "%s(%ld, %ld) unknown action: "
"%ld\n", __func__, phys_index, action, action);
ret = -EINVAL;
}
return ret;
}
int memory_block_change_state(struct memory_block *mem,
unsigned long to_state, unsigned long from_state_req)
{
int ret = 0;
if (mem->state != from_state_req)
return -EINVAL;
if (to_state == MEM_OFFLINE)
mem->state = MEM_GOING_OFFLINE;
ret = memory_block_action(mem->start_section_nr, to_state,
mem->online_type);
mem->state = ret ? from_state_req : to_state;
return ret;
}
/* The device lock serializes operations on memory_subsys_[online|offline] */
static int memory_subsys_online(struct device *dev)
{
struct memory_block *mem = to_memory_block(dev);
int ret;
if (mem->state == MEM_ONLINE)
return 0;
/*
* If we are called from store_mem_state(), online_type will be
* set >= 0 Otherwise we were called from the device online
* attribute and need to set the online_type.
*/
if (mem->online_type < 0)
mem->online_type = MMOP_ONLINE_KEEP;
/* Already under protection of mem_hotplug_begin() */
ret = memory_block_change_state(mem, MEM_ONLINE, MEM_OFFLINE);
/* clear online_type */
mem->online_type = -1;
return ret;
}
static int memory_subsys_offline(struct device *dev)
{
struct memory_block *mem = to_memory_block(dev);
if (mem->state == MEM_OFFLINE)
return 0;
/* Can't offline block with non-present sections */
if (mem->section_count != sections_per_block)
return -EINVAL;
return memory_block_change_state(mem, MEM_OFFLINE, MEM_ONLINE);
}
static ssize_t
store_mem_state(struct device *dev,
struct device_attribute *attr, const char *buf, size_t count)
{
struct memory_block *mem = to_memory_block(dev);
int ret, online_type;
ret = lock_device_hotplug_sysfs();
if (ret)
return ret;
if (sysfs_streq(buf, "online_kernel"))
online_type = MMOP_ONLINE_KERNEL;
else if (sysfs_streq(buf, "online_movable"))
online_type = MMOP_ONLINE_MOVABLE;
else if (sysfs_streq(buf, "online"))
online_type = MMOP_ONLINE_KEEP;
else if (sysfs_streq(buf, "offline"))
online_type = MMOP_OFFLINE;
else {
ret = -EINVAL;
goto err;
}
/*
* Memory hotplug needs to hold mem_hotplug_begin() for probe to find
* the correct memory block to online before doing device_online(dev),
* which will take dev->mutex. Take the lock early to prevent an
* inversion, memory_subsys_online() callbacks will be implemented by
* assuming it's already protected.
*/
mem_hotplug_begin();
switch (online_type) {
case MMOP_ONLINE_KERNEL:
case MMOP_ONLINE_MOVABLE:
case MMOP_ONLINE_KEEP:
mem->online_type = online_type;
ret = device_online(&mem->dev);
break;
case MMOP_OFFLINE:
ret = device_offline(&mem->dev);
break;
default:
ret = -EINVAL; /* should never happen */
}
mem_hotplug_done();
err:
unlock_device_hotplug();
if (ret)
return ret;
return count;
}
/*
* phys_device is a bad name for this. What I really want
* is a way to differentiate between memory ranges that
* are part of physical devices that constitute
* a complete removable unit or fru.
* i.e. do these ranges belong to the same physical device,
* s.t. if I offline all of these sections I can then
* remove the physical device?
*/
static ssize_t show_phys_device(struct device *dev,
struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
{
struct memory_block *mem = to_memory_block(dev);
return sprintf(buf, "%d\n", mem->phys_device);
}
#ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTREMOVE
static ssize_t show_valid_zones(struct device *dev,
struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
{
struct memory_block *mem = to_memory_block(dev);
unsigned long start_pfn, end_pfn;
unsigned long nr_pages = PAGES_PER_SECTION * sections_per_block;
struct page *first_page;
struct zone *zone;
start_pfn = section_nr_to_pfn(mem->start_section_nr);
end_pfn = start_pfn + nr_pages;
first_page = pfn_to_page(start_pfn);
/* The block contains more than one zone can not be offlined. */
if (!test_pages_in_a_zone(start_pfn, end_pfn))
return sprintf(buf, "none\n");
zone = page_zone(first_page);
if (zone_idx(zone) == ZONE_MOVABLE - 1) {
/*The mem block is the last memoryblock of this zone.*/
if (end_pfn == zone_end_pfn(zone))
return sprintf(buf, "%s %s\n",
zone->name, (zone + 1)->name);
}
if (zone_idx(zone) == ZONE_MOVABLE) {
/*The mem block is the first memoryblock of ZONE_MOVABLE.*/
if (start_pfn == zone->zone_start_pfn)
return sprintf(buf, "%s %s\n",
zone->name, (zone - 1)->name);
}
return sprintf(buf, "%s\n", zone->name);
}
static DEVICE_ATTR(valid_zones, 0444, show_valid_zones, NULL);
#endif
static DEVICE_ATTR(phys_index, 0444, show_mem_start_phys_index, NULL);
static DEVICE_ATTR(state, 0644, show_mem_state, store_mem_state);
static DEVICE_ATTR(phys_device, 0444, show_phys_device, NULL);
static DEVICE_ATTR(removable, 0444, show_mem_removable, NULL);
/*
* Block size attribute stuff
*/
static ssize_t
print_block_size(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr,
char *buf)
{
return sprintf(buf, "%lx\n", get_memory_block_size());
}
static DEVICE_ATTR(block_size_bytes, 0444, print_block_size, NULL);
/*
* Memory auto online policy.
*/
static ssize_t
show_auto_online_blocks(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr,
char *buf)
{
if (memhp_auto_online)
return sprintf(buf, "online\n");
else
return sprintf(buf, "offline\n");
}
static ssize_t
store_auto_online_blocks(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr,
const char *buf, size_t count)
{
if (sysfs_streq(buf, "online"))
memhp_auto_online = true;
else if (sysfs_streq(buf, "offline"))
memhp_auto_online = false;
else
return -EINVAL;
return count;
}
static DEVICE_ATTR(auto_online_blocks, 0644, show_auto_online_blocks,
store_auto_online_blocks);
/*
* Some architectures will have custom drivers to do this, and
* will not need to do it from userspace. The fake hot-add code
* as well as ppc64 will do all of their discovery in userspace
* and will require this interface.
*/
#ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_MEMORY_PROBE
static ssize_t
memory_probe_store(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr,
const char *buf, size_t count)
{
u64 phys_addr;
int nid, ret;
unsigned long pages_per_block = PAGES_PER_SECTION * sections_per_block;
ret = kstrtoull(buf, 0, &phys_addr);
if (ret)
return ret;
if (phys_addr & ((pages_per_block << PAGE_SHIFT) - 1))
return -EINVAL;
nid = memory_add_physaddr_to_nid(phys_addr);
ret = add_memory(nid, phys_addr,
MIN_MEMORY_BLOCK_SIZE * sections_per_block);
if (ret)
goto out;
ret = count;
out:
return ret;
}
static DEVICE_ATTR(probe, S_IWUSR, NULL, memory_probe_store);
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_FAILURE
/*
* Support for offlining pages of memory
*/
/* Soft offline a page */
static ssize_t
store_soft_offline_page(struct device *dev,
struct device_attribute *attr,
const char *buf, size_t count)
{
int ret;
u64 pfn;
if (!capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN))
return -EPERM;
if (kstrtoull(buf, 0, &pfn) < 0)
return -EINVAL;
pfn >>= PAGE_SHIFT;
if (!pfn_valid(pfn))
return -ENXIO;
ret = soft_offline_page(pfn_to_page(pfn), 0);
return ret == 0 ? count : ret;
}
/* Forcibly offline a page, including killing processes. */
static ssize_t
store_hard_offline_page(struct device *dev,
struct device_attribute *attr,
const char *buf, size_t count)
{
int ret;
u64 pfn;
if (!capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN))
return -EPERM;
if (kstrtoull(buf, 0, &pfn) < 0)
return -EINVAL;
pfn >>= PAGE_SHIFT;
ret = memory_failure(pfn, 0, 0);
return ret ? ret : count;
}
static DEVICE_ATTR(soft_offline_page, S_IWUSR, NULL, store_soft_offline_page);
static DEVICE_ATTR(hard_offline_page, S_IWUSR, NULL, store_hard_offline_page);
#endif
/*
* Note that phys_device is optional. It is here to allow for
* differentiation between which *physical* devices each
* section belongs to...
*/
int __weak arch_get_memory_phys_device(unsigned long start_pfn)
{
return 0;
}
/*
* A reference for the returned object is held and the reference for the
* hinted object is released.
*/
struct memory_block *find_memory_block_hinted(struct mem_section *section,
struct memory_block *hint)
{
int block_id = base_memory_block_id(__section_nr(section));
struct device *hintdev = hint ? &hint->dev : NULL;
struct device *dev;
dev = subsys_find_device_by_id(&memory_subsys, block_id, hintdev);
if (hint)
put_device(&hint->dev);
if (!dev)
return NULL;
return to_memory_block(dev);
}
/*
* For now, we have a linear search to go find the appropriate
* memory_block corresponding to a particular phys_index. If
* this gets to be a real problem, we can always use a radix
* tree or something here.
*
* This could be made generic for all device subsystems.
*/
struct memory_block *find_memory_block(struct mem_section *section)
{
return find_memory_block_hinted(section, NULL);
}
static struct attribute *memory_memblk_attrs[] = {
&dev_attr_phys_index.attr,
&dev_attr_state.attr,
&dev_attr_phys_device.attr,
&dev_attr_removable.attr,
#ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTREMOVE
&dev_attr_valid_zones.attr,
#endif
NULL
};
static struct attribute_group memory_memblk_attr_group = {
.attrs = memory_memblk_attrs,
};
static const struct attribute_group *memory_memblk_attr_groups[] = {
&memory_memblk_attr_group,
NULL,
};
/*
* register_memory - Setup a sysfs device for a memory block
*/
static
int register_memory(struct memory_block *memory)
{
memory->dev.bus = &memory_subsys;
memory->dev.id = memory->start_section_nr / sections_per_block;
memory->dev.release = memory_block_release;
memory->dev.groups = memory_memblk_attr_groups;
memory->dev.offline = memory->state == MEM_OFFLINE;
return device_register(&memory->dev);
}
static int init_memory_block(struct memory_block **memory,
struct mem_section *section, unsigned long state)
{
struct memory_block *mem;
unsigned long start_pfn;
int scn_nr;
int ret = 0;
mem = kzalloc(sizeof(*mem), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!mem)
return -ENOMEM;
scn_nr = __section_nr(section);
mem->start_section_nr =
base_memory_block_id(scn_nr) * sections_per_block;
mem->end_section_nr = mem->start_section_nr + sections_per_block - 1;
mem->state = state;
start_pfn = section_nr_to_pfn(mem->start_section_nr);
mem->phys_device = arch_get_memory_phys_device(start_pfn);
ret = register_memory(mem);
*memory = mem;
return ret;
}
static int add_memory_block(int base_section_nr)
{
struct memory_block *mem;
int i, ret, section_count = 0, section_nr;
for (i = base_section_nr;
(i < base_section_nr + sections_per_block) && i < NR_MEM_SECTIONS;
i++) {
if (!present_section_nr(i))
continue;
if (section_count == 0)
section_nr = i;
section_count++;
}
if (section_count == 0)
return 0;
ret = init_memory_block(&mem, __nr_to_section(section_nr), MEM_ONLINE);
if (ret)
return ret;
mem->section_count = section_count;
return 0;
}
static bool is_zone_device_section(struct mem_section *ms)
{
struct page *page;
page = sparse_decode_mem_map(ms->section_mem_map, __section_nr(ms));
return is_zone_device_page(page);
}
/*
* need an interface for the VM to add new memory regions,
* but without onlining it.
*/
int register_new_memory(int nid, struct mem_section *section)
{
int ret = 0;
struct memory_block *mem;
if (is_zone_device_section(section))
return 0;
mutex_lock(&mem_sysfs_mutex);
mem = find_memory_block(section);
if (mem) {
mem->section_count++;
put_device(&mem->dev);
} else {
ret = init_memory_block(&mem, section, MEM_OFFLINE);
if (ret)
goto out;
mem->section_count++;
}
if (mem->section_count == sections_per_block)
ret = register_mem_sect_under_node(mem, nid);
out:
mutex_unlock(&mem_sysfs_mutex);
return ret;
}
#ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTREMOVE
static void
unregister_memory(struct memory_block *memory)
{
BUG_ON(memory->dev.bus != &memory_subsys);
/* drop the ref. we got in remove_memory_block() */
put_device(&memory->dev);
device_unregister(&memory->dev);
}
static int remove_memory_section(unsigned long node_id,
struct mem_section *section, int phys_device)
{
struct memory_block *mem;
if (is_zone_device_section(section))
return 0;
mutex_lock(&mem_sysfs_mutex);
mem = find_memory_block(section);
unregister_mem_sect_under_nodes(mem, __section_nr(section));
mem->section_count--;
if (mem->section_count == 0)
unregister_memory(mem);
else
put_device(&mem->dev);
mutex_unlock(&mem_sysfs_mutex);
return 0;
}
int unregister_memory_section(struct mem_section *section)
{
if (!present_section(section))
return -EINVAL;
return remove_memory_section(0, section, 0);
}
#endif /* CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTREMOVE */
/* return true if the memory block is offlined, otherwise, return false */
bool is_memblock_offlined(struct memory_block *mem)
{
return mem->state == MEM_OFFLINE;
}
static struct attribute *memory_root_attrs[] = {
#ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_MEMORY_PROBE
&dev_attr_probe.attr,
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_FAILURE
&dev_attr_soft_offline_page.attr,
&dev_attr_hard_offline_page.attr,
#endif
&dev_attr_block_size_bytes.attr,
&dev_attr_auto_online_blocks.attr,
NULL
};
static struct attribute_group memory_root_attr_group = {
.attrs = memory_root_attrs,
};
static const struct attribute_group *memory_root_attr_groups[] = {
&memory_root_attr_group,
NULL,
};
/*
* Initialize the sysfs support for memory devices...
*/
int __init memory_dev_init(void)
{
unsigned int i;
int ret;
int err;
unsigned long block_sz;
ret = subsys_system_register(&memory_subsys, memory_root_attr_groups);
if (ret)
goto out;
block_sz = get_memory_block_size();
sections_per_block = block_sz / MIN_MEMORY_BLOCK_SIZE;
/*
* Create entries for memory sections that were found
* during boot and have been initialized
*/
mutex_lock(&mem_sysfs_mutex);
for (i = 0; i < NR_MEM_SECTIONS; i += sections_per_block) {
err = add_memory_block(i);
if (!ret)
ret = err;
}
mutex_unlock(&mem_sysfs_mutex);
out:
if (ret)
printk(KERN_ERR "%s() failed: %d\n", __func__, ret);
return ret;
}