linux/mm/page_owner.c
Joonsoo Kim f2ca0b5571 mm/page_owner: use stackdepot to store stacktrace
Currently, we store each page's allocation stacktrace on corresponding
page_ext structure and it requires a lot of memory.  This causes the
problem that memory tight system doesn't work well if page_owner is
enabled.  Moreover, even with this large memory consumption, we cannot
get full stacktrace because we allocate memory at boot time and just
maintain 8 stacktrace slots to balance memory consumption.  We could
increase it to more but it would make system unusable or change system
behaviour.

To solve the problem, this patch uses stackdepot to store stacktrace.
It obviously provides memory saving but there is a drawback that
stackdepot could fail.

stackdepot allocates memory at runtime so it could fail if system has
not enough memory.  But, most of allocation stack are generated at very
early time and there are much memory at this time.  So, failure would
not happen easily.  And, one failure means that we miss just one page's
allocation stacktrace so it would not be a big problem.  In this patch,
when memory allocation failure happens, we store special stracktrace
handle to the page that is failed to save stacktrace.  With it, user can
guess memory usage properly even if failure happens.

Memory saving looks as following.  (4GB memory system with page_owner)
(before the patch -> after the patch)

static allocation:
92274688 bytes -> 25165824 bytes

dynamic allocation after boot + kernel build:
0 bytes -> 327680 bytes

total:
92274688 bytes -> 25493504 bytes

72% reduction in total.

Note that implementation looks complex than someone would imagine
because there is recursion issue.  stackdepot uses page allocator and
page_owner is called at page allocation.  Using stackdepot in page_owner
could re-call page allcator and then page_owner.  That is a recursion.
To detect and avoid it, whenever we obtain stacktrace, recursion is
checked and page_owner is set to dummy information if found.  Dummy
information means that this page is allocated for page_owner feature
itself (such as stackdepot) and it's understandable behavior for user.

[iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com: mm-page_owner-use-stackdepot-to-store-stacktrace-v3]
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1464230275-25791-6-git-send-email-iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com
  Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1466150259-27727-7-git-send-email-iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1464230275-25791-6-git-send-email-iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-07-26 16:19:19 -07:00

514 lines
12 KiB
C

#include <linux/debugfs.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/bootmem.h>
#include <linux/stacktrace.h>
#include <linux/page_owner.h>
#include <linux/jump_label.h>
#include <linux/migrate.h>
#include <linux/stackdepot.h>
#include "internal.h"
/*
* TODO: teach PAGE_OWNER_STACK_DEPTH (__dump_page_owner and save_stack)
* to use off stack temporal storage
*/
#define PAGE_OWNER_STACK_DEPTH (16)
static bool page_owner_disabled = true;
DEFINE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE(page_owner_inited);
static depot_stack_handle_t dummy_handle;
static depot_stack_handle_t failure_handle;
static void init_early_allocated_pages(void);
static int early_page_owner_param(char *buf)
{
if (!buf)
return -EINVAL;
if (strcmp(buf, "on") == 0)
page_owner_disabled = false;
return 0;
}
early_param("page_owner", early_page_owner_param);
static bool need_page_owner(void)
{
if (page_owner_disabled)
return false;
return true;
}
static noinline void register_dummy_stack(void)
{
unsigned long entries[4];
struct stack_trace dummy;
dummy.nr_entries = 0;
dummy.max_entries = ARRAY_SIZE(entries);
dummy.entries = &entries[0];
dummy.skip = 0;
save_stack_trace(&dummy);
dummy_handle = depot_save_stack(&dummy, GFP_KERNEL);
}
static noinline void register_failure_stack(void)
{
unsigned long entries[4];
struct stack_trace failure;
failure.nr_entries = 0;
failure.max_entries = ARRAY_SIZE(entries);
failure.entries = &entries[0];
failure.skip = 0;
save_stack_trace(&failure);
failure_handle = depot_save_stack(&failure, GFP_KERNEL);
}
static void init_page_owner(void)
{
if (page_owner_disabled)
return;
register_dummy_stack();
register_failure_stack();
static_branch_enable(&page_owner_inited);
init_early_allocated_pages();
}
struct page_ext_operations page_owner_ops = {
.need = need_page_owner,
.init = init_page_owner,
};
void __reset_page_owner(struct page *page, unsigned int order)
{
int i;
struct page_ext *page_ext;
for (i = 0; i < (1 << order); i++) {
page_ext = lookup_page_ext(page + i);
if (unlikely(!page_ext))
continue;
__clear_bit(PAGE_EXT_OWNER, &page_ext->flags);
}
}
static inline bool check_recursive_alloc(struct stack_trace *trace,
unsigned long ip)
{
int i, count;
if (!trace->nr_entries)
return false;
for (i = 0, count = 0; i < trace->nr_entries; i++) {
if (trace->entries[i] == ip && ++count == 2)
return true;
}
return false;
}
static noinline depot_stack_handle_t save_stack(gfp_t flags)
{
unsigned long entries[PAGE_OWNER_STACK_DEPTH];
struct stack_trace trace = {
.nr_entries = 0,
.entries = entries,
.max_entries = PAGE_OWNER_STACK_DEPTH,
.skip = 0
};
depot_stack_handle_t handle;
save_stack_trace(&trace);
if (trace.nr_entries != 0 &&
trace.entries[trace.nr_entries-1] == ULONG_MAX)
trace.nr_entries--;
/*
* We need to check recursion here because our request to stackdepot
* could trigger memory allocation to save new entry. New memory
* allocation would reach here and call depot_save_stack() again
* if we don't catch it. There is still not enough memory in stackdepot
* so it would try to allocate memory again and loop forever.
*/
if (check_recursive_alloc(&trace, _RET_IP_))
return dummy_handle;
handle = depot_save_stack(&trace, flags);
if (!handle)
handle = failure_handle;
return handle;
}
noinline void __set_page_owner(struct page *page, unsigned int order,
gfp_t gfp_mask)
{
struct page_ext *page_ext = lookup_page_ext(page);
if (unlikely(!page_ext))
return;
page_ext->handle = save_stack(gfp_mask);
page_ext->order = order;
page_ext->gfp_mask = gfp_mask;
page_ext->last_migrate_reason = -1;
__set_bit(PAGE_EXT_OWNER, &page_ext->flags);
}
void __set_page_owner_migrate_reason(struct page *page, int reason)
{
struct page_ext *page_ext = lookup_page_ext(page);
if (unlikely(!page_ext))
return;
page_ext->last_migrate_reason = reason;
}
void __split_page_owner(struct page *page, unsigned int order)
{
int i;
struct page_ext *page_ext = lookup_page_ext(page);
if (unlikely(!page_ext))
return;
page_ext->order = 0;
for (i = 1; i < (1 << order); i++)
__copy_page_owner(page, page + i);
}
void __copy_page_owner(struct page *oldpage, struct page *newpage)
{
struct page_ext *old_ext = lookup_page_ext(oldpage);
struct page_ext *new_ext = lookup_page_ext(newpage);
if (unlikely(!old_ext || !new_ext))
return;
new_ext->order = old_ext->order;
new_ext->gfp_mask = old_ext->gfp_mask;
new_ext->last_migrate_reason = old_ext->last_migrate_reason;
new_ext->handle = old_ext->handle;
/*
* We don't clear the bit on the oldpage as it's going to be freed
* after migration. Until then, the info can be useful in case of
* a bug, and the overal stats will be off a bit only temporarily.
* Also, migrate_misplaced_transhuge_page() can still fail the
* migration and then we want the oldpage to retain the info. But
* in that case we also don't need to explicitly clear the info from
* the new page, which will be freed.
*/
__set_bit(PAGE_EXT_OWNER, &new_ext->flags);
}
static ssize_t
print_page_owner(char __user *buf, size_t count, unsigned long pfn,
struct page *page, struct page_ext *page_ext,
depot_stack_handle_t handle)
{
int ret;
int pageblock_mt, page_mt;
char *kbuf;
unsigned long entries[PAGE_OWNER_STACK_DEPTH];
struct stack_trace trace = {
.nr_entries = 0,
.entries = entries,
.max_entries = PAGE_OWNER_STACK_DEPTH,
.skip = 0
};
kbuf = kmalloc(count, GFP_KERNEL);
if (!kbuf)
return -ENOMEM;
ret = snprintf(kbuf, count,
"Page allocated via order %u, mask %#x(%pGg)\n",
page_ext->order, page_ext->gfp_mask,
&page_ext->gfp_mask);
if (ret >= count)
goto err;
/* Print information relevant to grouping pages by mobility */
pageblock_mt = get_pageblock_migratetype(page);
page_mt = gfpflags_to_migratetype(page_ext->gfp_mask);
ret += snprintf(kbuf + ret, count - ret,
"PFN %lu type %s Block %lu type %s Flags %#lx(%pGp)\n",
pfn,
migratetype_names[page_mt],
pfn >> pageblock_order,
migratetype_names[pageblock_mt],
page->flags, &page->flags);
if (ret >= count)
goto err;
depot_fetch_stack(handle, &trace);
ret += snprint_stack_trace(kbuf + ret, count - ret, &trace, 0);
if (ret >= count)
goto err;
if (page_ext->last_migrate_reason != -1) {
ret += snprintf(kbuf + ret, count - ret,
"Page has been migrated, last migrate reason: %s\n",
migrate_reason_names[page_ext->last_migrate_reason]);
if (ret >= count)
goto err;
}
ret += snprintf(kbuf + ret, count - ret, "\n");
if (ret >= count)
goto err;
if (copy_to_user(buf, kbuf, ret))
ret = -EFAULT;
kfree(kbuf);
return ret;
err:
kfree(kbuf);
return -ENOMEM;
}
void __dump_page_owner(struct page *page)
{
struct page_ext *page_ext = lookup_page_ext(page);
unsigned long entries[PAGE_OWNER_STACK_DEPTH];
struct stack_trace trace = {
.nr_entries = 0,
.entries = entries,
.max_entries = PAGE_OWNER_STACK_DEPTH,
.skip = 0
};
depot_stack_handle_t handle;
gfp_t gfp_mask;
int mt;
if (unlikely(!page_ext)) {
pr_alert("There is not page extension available.\n");
return;
}
gfp_mask = page_ext->gfp_mask;
mt = gfpflags_to_migratetype(gfp_mask);
if (!test_bit(PAGE_EXT_OWNER, &page_ext->flags)) {
pr_alert("page_owner info is not active (free page?)\n");
return;
}
handle = READ_ONCE(page_ext->handle);
if (!handle) {
pr_alert("page_owner info is not active (free page?)\n");
return;
}
depot_fetch_stack(handle, &trace);
pr_alert("page allocated via order %u, migratetype %s, gfp_mask %#x(%pGg)\n",
page_ext->order, migratetype_names[mt], gfp_mask, &gfp_mask);
print_stack_trace(&trace, 0);
if (page_ext->last_migrate_reason != -1)
pr_alert("page has been migrated, last migrate reason: %s\n",
migrate_reason_names[page_ext->last_migrate_reason]);
}
static ssize_t
read_page_owner(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
{
unsigned long pfn;
struct page *page;
struct page_ext *page_ext;
depot_stack_handle_t handle;
if (!static_branch_unlikely(&page_owner_inited))
return -EINVAL;
page = NULL;
pfn = min_low_pfn + *ppos;
/* Find a valid PFN or the start of a MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES area */
while (!pfn_valid(pfn) && (pfn & (MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES - 1)) != 0)
pfn++;
drain_all_pages(NULL);
/* Find an allocated page */
for (; pfn < max_pfn; pfn++) {
/*
* If the new page is in a new MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES area,
* validate the area as existing, skip it if not
*/
if ((pfn & (MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES - 1)) == 0 && !pfn_valid(pfn)) {
pfn += MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES - 1;
continue;
}
/* Check for holes within a MAX_ORDER area */
if (!pfn_valid_within(pfn))
continue;
page = pfn_to_page(pfn);
if (PageBuddy(page)) {
unsigned long freepage_order = page_order_unsafe(page);
if (freepage_order < MAX_ORDER)
pfn += (1UL << freepage_order) - 1;
continue;
}
page_ext = lookup_page_ext(page);
if (unlikely(!page_ext))
continue;
/*
* Some pages could be missed by concurrent allocation or free,
* because we don't hold the zone lock.
*/
if (!test_bit(PAGE_EXT_OWNER, &page_ext->flags))
continue;
/*
* Access to page_ext->handle isn't synchronous so we should
* be careful to access it.
*/
handle = READ_ONCE(page_ext->handle);
if (!handle)
continue;
/* Record the next PFN to read in the file offset */
*ppos = (pfn - min_low_pfn) + 1;
return print_page_owner(buf, count, pfn, page,
page_ext, handle);
}
return 0;
}
static void init_pages_in_zone(pg_data_t *pgdat, struct zone *zone)
{
struct page *page;
struct page_ext *page_ext;
unsigned long pfn = zone->zone_start_pfn, block_end_pfn;
unsigned long end_pfn = pfn + zone->spanned_pages;
unsigned long count = 0;
/* Scan block by block. First and last block may be incomplete */
pfn = zone->zone_start_pfn;
/*
* Walk the zone in pageblock_nr_pages steps. If a page block spans
* a zone boundary, it will be double counted between zones. This does
* not matter as the mixed block count will still be correct
*/
for (; pfn < end_pfn; ) {
if (!pfn_valid(pfn)) {
pfn = ALIGN(pfn + 1, MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES);
continue;
}
block_end_pfn = ALIGN(pfn + 1, pageblock_nr_pages);
block_end_pfn = min(block_end_pfn, end_pfn);
page = pfn_to_page(pfn);
for (; pfn < block_end_pfn; pfn++) {
if (!pfn_valid_within(pfn))
continue;
page = pfn_to_page(pfn);
if (page_zone(page) != zone)
continue;
/*
* We are safe to check buddy flag and order, because
* this is init stage and only single thread runs.
*/
if (PageBuddy(page)) {
pfn += (1UL << page_order(page)) - 1;
continue;
}
if (PageReserved(page))
continue;
page_ext = lookup_page_ext(page);
if (unlikely(!page_ext))
continue;
/* Maybe overraping zone */
if (test_bit(PAGE_EXT_OWNER, &page_ext->flags))
continue;
/* Found early allocated page */
set_page_owner(page, 0, 0);
count++;
}
}
pr_info("Node %d, zone %8s: page owner found early allocated %lu pages\n",
pgdat->node_id, zone->name, count);
}
static void init_zones_in_node(pg_data_t *pgdat)
{
struct zone *zone;
struct zone *node_zones = pgdat->node_zones;
unsigned long flags;
for (zone = node_zones; zone - node_zones < MAX_NR_ZONES; ++zone) {
if (!populated_zone(zone))
continue;
spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags);
init_pages_in_zone(pgdat, zone);
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
}
}
static void init_early_allocated_pages(void)
{
pg_data_t *pgdat;
drain_all_pages(NULL);
for_each_online_pgdat(pgdat)
init_zones_in_node(pgdat);
}
static const struct file_operations proc_page_owner_operations = {
.read = read_page_owner,
};
static int __init pageowner_init(void)
{
struct dentry *dentry;
if (!static_branch_unlikely(&page_owner_inited)) {
pr_info("page_owner is disabled\n");
return 0;
}
dentry = debugfs_create_file("page_owner", S_IRUSR, NULL,
NULL, &proc_page_owner_operations);
if (IS_ERR(dentry))
return PTR_ERR(dentry);
return 0;
}
late_initcall(pageowner_init)