linux/fs/ext4/dir.c
Gabriel Krisman Bertazi b886ee3e77 ext4: Support case-insensitive file name lookups
This patch implements the actual support for case-insensitive file name
lookups in ext4, based on the feature bit and the encoding stored in the
superblock.

A filesystem that has the casefold feature set is able to configure
directories with the +F (EXT4_CASEFOLD_FL) attribute, enabling lookups
to succeed in that directory in a case-insensitive fashion, i.e: match
a directory entry even if the name used by userspace is not a byte per
byte match with the disk name, but is an equivalent case-insensitive
version of the Unicode string.  This operation is called a
case-insensitive file name lookup.

The feature is configured as an inode attribute applied to directories
and inherited by its children.  This attribute can only be enabled on
empty directories for filesystems that support the encoding feature,
thus preventing collision of file names that only differ by case.

* dcache handling:

For a +F directory, Ext4 only stores the first equivalent name dentry
used in the dcache. This is done to prevent unintentional duplication of
dentries in the dcache, while also allowing the VFS code to quickly find
the right entry in the cache despite which equivalent string was used in
a previous lookup, without having to resort to ->lookup().

d_hash() of casefolded directories is implemented as the hash of the
casefolded string, such that we always have a well-known bucket for all
the equivalencies of the same string. d_compare() uses the
utf8_strncasecmp() infrastructure, which handles the comparison of
equivalent, same case, names as well.

For now, negative lookups are not inserted in the dcache, since they
would need to be invalidated anyway, because we can't trust missing file
dentries.  This is bad for performance but requires some leveraging of
the vfs layer to fix.  We can live without that for now, and so does
everyone else.

* on-disk data:

Despite using a specific version of the name as the internal
representation within the dcache, the name stored and fetched from the
disk is a byte-per-byte match with what the user requested, making this
implementation 'name-preserving'. i.e. no actual information is lost
when writing to storage.

DX is supported by modifying the hashes used in +F directories to make
them case/encoding-aware.  The new disk hashes are calculated as the
hash of the full casefolded string, instead of the string directly.
This allows us to efficiently search for file names in the htree without
requiring the user to provide an exact name.

* Dealing with invalid sequences:

By default, when a invalid UTF-8 sequence is identified, ext4 will treat
it as an opaque byte sequence, ignoring the encoding and reverting to
the old behavior for that unique file.  This means that case-insensitive
file name lookup will not work only for that file.  An optional bit can
be set in the superblock telling the filesystem code and userspace tools
to enforce the encoding.  When that optional bit is set, any attempt to
create a file name using an invalid UTF-8 sequence will fail and return
an error to userspace.

* Normalization algorithm:

The UTF-8 algorithms used to compare strings in ext4 is implemented
lives in fs/unicode, and is based on a previous version developed by
SGI.  It implements the Canonical decomposition (NFD) algorithm
described by the Unicode specification 12.1, or higher, combined with
the elimination of ignorable code points (NFDi) and full
case-folding (CF) as documented in fs/unicode/utf8_norm.c.

NFD seems to be the best normalization method for EXT4 because:

  - It has a lower cost than NFC/NFKC (which requires
    decomposing to NFD as an intermediary step)
  - It doesn't eliminate important semantic meaning like
    compatibility decompositions.

Although:

  - This implementation is not completely linguistic accurate, because
  different languages have conflicting rules, which would require the
  specialization of the filesystem to a given locale, which brings all
  sorts of problems for removable media and for users who use more than
  one language.

Signed-off-by: Gabriel Krisman Bertazi <krisman@collabora.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
2019-04-25 14:12:08 -04:00

711 lines
18 KiB
C

// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
/*
* linux/fs/ext4/dir.c
*
* Copyright (C) 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995
* Remy Card (card@masi.ibp.fr)
* Laboratoire MASI - Institut Blaise Pascal
* Universite Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris VI)
*
* from
*
* linux/fs/minix/dir.c
*
* Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds
*
* ext4 directory handling functions
*
* Big-endian to little-endian byte-swapping/bitmaps by
* David S. Miller (davem@caip.rutgers.edu), 1995
*
* Hash Tree Directory indexing (c) 2001 Daniel Phillips
*
*/
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/buffer_head.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/iversion.h>
#include <linux/unicode.h>
#include "ext4.h"
#include "xattr.h"
static int ext4_dx_readdir(struct file *, struct dir_context *);
/**
* Check if the given dir-inode refers to an htree-indexed directory
* (or a directory which could potentially get converted to use htree
* indexing).
*
* Return 1 if it is a dx dir, 0 if not
*/
static int is_dx_dir(struct inode *inode)
{
struct super_block *sb = inode->i_sb;
if (ext4_has_feature_dir_index(inode->i_sb) &&
((ext4_test_inode_flag(inode, EXT4_INODE_INDEX)) ||
((inode->i_size >> sb->s_blocksize_bits) == 1) ||
ext4_has_inline_data(inode)))
return 1;
return 0;
}
/*
* Return 0 if the directory entry is OK, and 1 if there is a problem
*
* Note: this is the opposite of what ext2 and ext3 historically returned...
*
* bh passed here can be an inode block or a dir data block, depending
* on the inode inline data flag.
*/
int __ext4_check_dir_entry(const char *function, unsigned int line,
struct inode *dir, struct file *filp,
struct ext4_dir_entry_2 *de,
struct buffer_head *bh, char *buf, int size,
unsigned int offset)
{
const char *error_msg = NULL;
const int rlen = ext4_rec_len_from_disk(de->rec_len,
dir->i_sb->s_blocksize);
if (unlikely(rlen < EXT4_DIR_REC_LEN(1)))
error_msg = "rec_len is smaller than minimal";
else if (unlikely(rlen % 4 != 0))
error_msg = "rec_len % 4 != 0";
else if (unlikely(rlen < EXT4_DIR_REC_LEN(de->name_len)))
error_msg = "rec_len is too small for name_len";
else if (unlikely(((char *) de - buf) + rlen > size))
error_msg = "directory entry overrun";
else if (unlikely(le32_to_cpu(de->inode) >
le32_to_cpu(EXT4_SB(dir->i_sb)->s_es->s_inodes_count)))
error_msg = "inode out of bounds";
else
return 0;
if (filp)
ext4_error_file(filp, function, line, bh->b_blocknr,
"bad entry in directory: %s - offset=%u, "
"inode=%u, rec_len=%d, name_len=%d, size=%d",
error_msg, offset, le32_to_cpu(de->inode),
rlen, de->name_len, size);
else
ext4_error_inode(dir, function, line, bh->b_blocknr,
"bad entry in directory: %s - offset=%u, "
"inode=%u, rec_len=%d, name_len=%d, size=%d",
error_msg, offset, le32_to_cpu(de->inode),
rlen, de->name_len, size);
return 1;
}
static int ext4_readdir(struct file *file, struct dir_context *ctx)
{
unsigned int offset;
int i;
struct ext4_dir_entry_2 *de;
int err;
struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);
struct super_block *sb = inode->i_sb;
struct buffer_head *bh = NULL;
int dir_has_error = 0;
struct fscrypt_str fstr = FSTR_INIT(NULL, 0);
if (IS_ENCRYPTED(inode)) {
err = fscrypt_get_encryption_info(inode);
if (err && err != -ENOKEY)
return err;
}
if (is_dx_dir(inode)) {
err = ext4_dx_readdir(file, ctx);
if (err != ERR_BAD_DX_DIR) {
return err;
}
/*
* We don't set the inode dirty flag since it's not
* critical that it get flushed back to the disk.
*/
ext4_clear_inode_flag(file_inode(file),
EXT4_INODE_INDEX);
}
if (ext4_has_inline_data(inode)) {
int has_inline_data = 1;
err = ext4_read_inline_dir(file, ctx,
&has_inline_data);
if (has_inline_data)
return err;
}
if (IS_ENCRYPTED(inode)) {
err = fscrypt_fname_alloc_buffer(inode, EXT4_NAME_LEN, &fstr);
if (err < 0)
return err;
}
offset = ctx->pos & (sb->s_blocksize - 1);
while (ctx->pos < inode->i_size) {
struct ext4_map_blocks map;
if (fatal_signal_pending(current)) {
err = -ERESTARTSYS;
goto errout;
}
cond_resched();
map.m_lblk = ctx->pos >> EXT4_BLOCK_SIZE_BITS(sb);
map.m_len = 1;
err = ext4_map_blocks(NULL, inode, &map, 0);
if (err > 0) {
pgoff_t index = map.m_pblk >>
(PAGE_SHIFT - inode->i_blkbits);
if (!ra_has_index(&file->f_ra, index))
page_cache_sync_readahead(
sb->s_bdev->bd_inode->i_mapping,
&file->f_ra, file,
index, 1);
file->f_ra.prev_pos = (loff_t)index << PAGE_SHIFT;
bh = ext4_bread(NULL, inode, map.m_lblk, 0);
if (IS_ERR(bh)) {
err = PTR_ERR(bh);
bh = NULL;
goto errout;
}
}
if (!bh) {
if (!dir_has_error) {
EXT4_ERROR_FILE(file, 0,
"directory contains a "
"hole at offset %llu",
(unsigned long long) ctx->pos);
dir_has_error = 1;
}
/* corrupt size? Maybe no more blocks to read */
if (ctx->pos > inode->i_blocks << 9)
break;
ctx->pos += sb->s_blocksize - offset;
continue;
}
/* Check the checksum */
if (!buffer_verified(bh) &&
!ext4_dirent_csum_verify(inode,
(struct ext4_dir_entry *)bh->b_data)) {
EXT4_ERROR_FILE(file, 0, "directory fails checksum "
"at offset %llu",
(unsigned long long)ctx->pos);
ctx->pos += sb->s_blocksize - offset;
brelse(bh);
bh = NULL;
continue;
}
set_buffer_verified(bh);
/* If the dir block has changed since the last call to
* readdir(2), then we might be pointing to an invalid
* dirent right now. Scan from the start of the block
* to make sure. */
if (!inode_eq_iversion(inode, file->f_version)) {
for (i = 0; i < sb->s_blocksize && i < offset; ) {
de = (struct ext4_dir_entry_2 *)
(bh->b_data + i);
/* It's too expensive to do a full
* dirent test each time round this
* loop, but we do have to test at
* least that it is non-zero. A
* failure will be detected in the
* dirent test below. */
if (ext4_rec_len_from_disk(de->rec_len,
sb->s_blocksize) < EXT4_DIR_REC_LEN(1))
break;
i += ext4_rec_len_from_disk(de->rec_len,
sb->s_blocksize);
}
offset = i;
ctx->pos = (ctx->pos & ~(sb->s_blocksize - 1))
| offset;
file->f_version = inode_query_iversion(inode);
}
while (ctx->pos < inode->i_size
&& offset < sb->s_blocksize) {
de = (struct ext4_dir_entry_2 *) (bh->b_data + offset);
if (ext4_check_dir_entry(inode, file, de, bh,
bh->b_data, bh->b_size,
offset)) {
/*
* On error, skip to the next block
*/
ctx->pos = (ctx->pos |
(sb->s_blocksize - 1)) + 1;
break;
}
offset += ext4_rec_len_from_disk(de->rec_len,
sb->s_blocksize);
if (le32_to_cpu(de->inode)) {
if (!IS_ENCRYPTED(inode)) {
if (!dir_emit(ctx, de->name,
de->name_len,
le32_to_cpu(de->inode),
get_dtype(sb, de->file_type)))
goto done;
} else {
int save_len = fstr.len;
struct fscrypt_str de_name =
FSTR_INIT(de->name,
de->name_len);
/* Directory is encrypted */
err = fscrypt_fname_disk_to_usr(inode,
0, 0, &de_name, &fstr);
de_name = fstr;
fstr.len = save_len;
if (err)
goto errout;
if (!dir_emit(ctx,
de_name.name, de_name.len,
le32_to_cpu(de->inode),
get_dtype(sb, de->file_type)))
goto done;
}
}
ctx->pos += ext4_rec_len_from_disk(de->rec_len,
sb->s_blocksize);
}
if ((ctx->pos < inode->i_size) && !dir_relax_shared(inode))
goto done;
brelse(bh);
bh = NULL;
offset = 0;
}
done:
err = 0;
errout:
fscrypt_fname_free_buffer(&fstr);
brelse(bh);
return err;
}
static inline int is_32bit_api(void)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT
return in_compat_syscall();
#else
return (BITS_PER_LONG == 32);
#endif
}
/*
* These functions convert from the major/minor hash to an f_pos
* value for dx directories
*
* Upper layer (for example NFS) should specify FMODE_32BITHASH or
* FMODE_64BITHASH explicitly. On the other hand, we allow ext4 to be mounted
* directly on both 32-bit and 64-bit nodes, under such case, neither
* FMODE_32BITHASH nor FMODE_64BITHASH is specified.
*/
static inline loff_t hash2pos(struct file *filp, __u32 major, __u32 minor)
{
if ((filp->f_mode & FMODE_32BITHASH) ||
(!(filp->f_mode & FMODE_64BITHASH) && is_32bit_api()))
return major >> 1;
else
return ((__u64)(major >> 1) << 32) | (__u64)minor;
}
static inline __u32 pos2maj_hash(struct file *filp, loff_t pos)
{
if ((filp->f_mode & FMODE_32BITHASH) ||
(!(filp->f_mode & FMODE_64BITHASH) && is_32bit_api()))
return (pos << 1) & 0xffffffff;
else
return ((pos >> 32) << 1) & 0xffffffff;
}
static inline __u32 pos2min_hash(struct file *filp, loff_t pos)
{
if ((filp->f_mode & FMODE_32BITHASH) ||
(!(filp->f_mode & FMODE_64BITHASH) && is_32bit_api()))
return 0;
else
return pos & 0xffffffff;
}
/*
* Return 32- or 64-bit end-of-file for dx directories
*/
static inline loff_t ext4_get_htree_eof(struct file *filp)
{
if ((filp->f_mode & FMODE_32BITHASH) ||
(!(filp->f_mode & FMODE_64BITHASH) && is_32bit_api()))
return EXT4_HTREE_EOF_32BIT;
else
return EXT4_HTREE_EOF_64BIT;
}
/*
* ext4_dir_llseek() calls generic_file_llseek_size to handle htree
* directories, where the "offset" is in terms of the filename hash
* value instead of the byte offset.
*
* Because we may return a 64-bit hash that is well beyond offset limits,
* we need to pass the max hash as the maximum allowable offset in
* the htree directory case.
*
* For non-htree, ext4_llseek already chooses the proper max offset.
*/
static loff_t ext4_dir_llseek(struct file *file, loff_t offset, int whence)
{
struct inode *inode = file->f_mapping->host;
int dx_dir = is_dx_dir(inode);
loff_t ret, htree_max = ext4_get_htree_eof(file);
if (likely(dx_dir))
ret = generic_file_llseek_size(file, offset, whence,
htree_max, htree_max);
else
ret = ext4_llseek(file, offset, whence);
file->f_version = inode_peek_iversion(inode) - 1;
return ret;
}
/*
* This structure holds the nodes of the red-black tree used to store
* the directory entry in hash order.
*/
struct fname {
__u32 hash;
__u32 minor_hash;
struct rb_node rb_hash;
struct fname *next;
__u32 inode;
__u8 name_len;
__u8 file_type;
char name[0];
};
/*
* This functoin implements a non-recursive way of freeing all of the
* nodes in the red-black tree.
*/
static void free_rb_tree_fname(struct rb_root *root)
{
struct fname *fname, *next;
rbtree_postorder_for_each_entry_safe(fname, next, root, rb_hash)
while (fname) {
struct fname *old = fname;
fname = fname->next;
kfree(old);
}
*root = RB_ROOT;
}
static struct dir_private_info *ext4_htree_create_dir_info(struct file *filp,
loff_t pos)
{
struct dir_private_info *p;
p = kzalloc(sizeof(*p), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!p)
return NULL;
p->curr_hash = pos2maj_hash(filp, pos);
p->curr_minor_hash = pos2min_hash(filp, pos);
return p;
}
void ext4_htree_free_dir_info(struct dir_private_info *p)
{
free_rb_tree_fname(&p->root);
kfree(p);
}
/*
* Given a directory entry, enter it into the fname rb tree.
*
* When filename encryption is enabled, the dirent will hold the
* encrypted filename, while the htree will hold decrypted filename.
* The decrypted filename is passed in via ent_name. parameter.
*/
int ext4_htree_store_dirent(struct file *dir_file, __u32 hash,
__u32 minor_hash,
struct ext4_dir_entry_2 *dirent,
struct fscrypt_str *ent_name)
{
struct rb_node **p, *parent = NULL;
struct fname *fname, *new_fn;
struct dir_private_info *info;
int len;
info = dir_file->private_data;
p = &info->root.rb_node;
/* Create and allocate the fname structure */
len = sizeof(struct fname) + ent_name->len + 1;
new_fn = kzalloc(len, GFP_KERNEL);
if (!new_fn)
return -ENOMEM;
new_fn->hash = hash;
new_fn->minor_hash = minor_hash;
new_fn->inode = le32_to_cpu(dirent->inode);
new_fn->name_len = ent_name->len;
new_fn->file_type = dirent->file_type;
memcpy(new_fn->name, ent_name->name, ent_name->len);
new_fn->name[ent_name->len] = 0;
while (*p) {
parent = *p;
fname = rb_entry(parent, struct fname, rb_hash);
/*
* If the hash and minor hash match up, then we put
* them on a linked list. This rarely happens...
*/
if ((new_fn->hash == fname->hash) &&
(new_fn->minor_hash == fname->minor_hash)) {
new_fn->next = fname->next;
fname->next = new_fn;
return 0;
}
if (new_fn->hash < fname->hash)
p = &(*p)->rb_left;
else if (new_fn->hash > fname->hash)
p = &(*p)->rb_right;
else if (new_fn->minor_hash < fname->minor_hash)
p = &(*p)->rb_left;
else /* if (new_fn->minor_hash > fname->minor_hash) */
p = &(*p)->rb_right;
}
rb_link_node(&new_fn->rb_hash, parent, p);
rb_insert_color(&new_fn->rb_hash, &info->root);
return 0;
}
/*
* This is a helper function for ext4_dx_readdir. It calls filldir
* for all entres on the fname linked list. (Normally there is only
* one entry on the linked list, unless there are 62 bit hash collisions.)
*/
static int call_filldir(struct file *file, struct dir_context *ctx,
struct fname *fname)
{
struct dir_private_info *info = file->private_data;
struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);
struct super_block *sb = inode->i_sb;
if (!fname) {
ext4_msg(sb, KERN_ERR, "%s:%d: inode #%lu: comm %s: "
"called with null fname?!?", __func__, __LINE__,
inode->i_ino, current->comm);
return 0;
}
ctx->pos = hash2pos(file, fname->hash, fname->minor_hash);
while (fname) {
if (!dir_emit(ctx, fname->name,
fname->name_len,
fname->inode,
get_dtype(sb, fname->file_type))) {
info->extra_fname = fname;
return 1;
}
fname = fname->next;
}
return 0;
}
static int ext4_dx_readdir(struct file *file, struct dir_context *ctx)
{
struct dir_private_info *info = file->private_data;
struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);
struct fname *fname;
int ret;
if (!info) {
info = ext4_htree_create_dir_info(file, ctx->pos);
if (!info)
return -ENOMEM;
file->private_data = info;
}
if (ctx->pos == ext4_get_htree_eof(file))
return 0; /* EOF */
/* Some one has messed with f_pos; reset the world */
if (info->last_pos != ctx->pos) {
free_rb_tree_fname(&info->root);
info->curr_node = NULL;
info->extra_fname = NULL;
info->curr_hash = pos2maj_hash(file, ctx->pos);
info->curr_minor_hash = pos2min_hash(file, ctx->pos);
}
/*
* If there are any leftover names on the hash collision
* chain, return them first.
*/
if (info->extra_fname) {
if (call_filldir(file, ctx, info->extra_fname))
goto finished;
info->extra_fname = NULL;
goto next_node;
} else if (!info->curr_node)
info->curr_node = rb_first(&info->root);
while (1) {
/*
* Fill the rbtree if we have no more entries,
* or the inode has changed since we last read in the
* cached entries.
*/
if ((!info->curr_node) ||
!inode_eq_iversion(inode, file->f_version)) {
info->curr_node = NULL;
free_rb_tree_fname(&info->root);
file->f_version = inode_query_iversion(inode);
ret = ext4_htree_fill_tree(file, info->curr_hash,
info->curr_minor_hash,
&info->next_hash);
if (ret < 0)
return ret;
if (ret == 0) {
ctx->pos = ext4_get_htree_eof(file);
break;
}
info->curr_node = rb_first(&info->root);
}
fname = rb_entry(info->curr_node, struct fname, rb_hash);
info->curr_hash = fname->hash;
info->curr_minor_hash = fname->minor_hash;
if (call_filldir(file, ctx, fname))
break;
next_node:
info->curr_node = rb_next(info->curr_node);
if (info->curr_node) {
fname = rb_entry(info->curr_node, struct fname,
rb_hash);
info->curr_hash = fname->hash;
info->curr_minor_hash = fname->minor_hash;
} else {
if (info->next_hash == ~0) {
ctx->pos = ext4_get_htree_eof(file);
break;
}
info->curr_hash = info->next_hash;
info->curr_minor_hash = 0;
}
}
finished:
info->last_pos = ctx->pos;
return 0;
}
static int ext4_dir_open(struct inode * inode, struct file * filp)
{
if (IS_ENCRYPTED(inode))
return fscrypt_get_encryption_info(inode) ? -EACCES : 0;
return 0;
}
static int ext4_release_dir(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
if (filp->private_data)
ext4_htree_free_dir_info(filp->private_data);
return 0;
}
int ext4_check_all_de(struct inode *dir, struct buffer_head *bh, void *buf,
int buf_size)
{
struct ext4_dir_entry_2 *de;
int rlen;
unsigned int offset = 0;
char *top;
de = (struct ext4_dir_entry_2 *)buf;
top = buf + buf_size;
while ((char *) de < top) {
if (ext4_check_dir_entry(dir, NULL, de, bh,
buf, buf_size, offset))
return -EFSCORRUPTED;
rlen = ext4_rec_len_from_disk(de->rec_len, buf_size);
de = (struct ext4_dir_entry_2 *)((char *)de + rlen);
offset += rlen;
}
if ((char *) de > top)
return -EFSCORRUPTED;
return 0;
}
const struct file_operations ext4_dir_operations = {
.llseek = ext4_dir_llseek,
.read = generic_read_dir,
.iterate_shared = ext4_readdir,
.unlocked_ioctl = ext4_ioctl,
#ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT
.compat_ioctl = ext4_compat_ioctl,
#endif
.fsync = ext4_sync_file,
.open = ext4_dir_open,
.release = ext4_release_dir,
};
#ifdef CONFIG_UNICODE
static int ext4_d_compare(const struct dentry *dentry, unsigned int len,
const char *str, const struct qstr *name)
{
struct qstr qstr = {.name = str, .len = len };
if (!IS_CASEFOLDED(dentry->d_parent->d_inode)) {
if (len != name->len)
return -1;
return !memcmp(str, name, len);
}
return ext4_ci_compare(dentry->d_parent->d_inode, name, &qstr);
}
static int ext4_d_hash(const struct dentry *dentry, struct qstr *str)
{
const struct ext4_sb_info *sbi = EXT4_SB(dentry->d_sb);
const struct unicode_map *um = sbi->s_encoding;
unsigned char *norm;
int len, ret = 0;
if (!IS_CASEFOLDED(dentry->d_inode))
return 0;
norm = kmalloc(PATH_MAX, GFP_ATOMIC);
if (!norm)
return -ENOMEM;
len = utf8_casefold(um, str, norm, PATH_MAX);
if (len < 0) {
if (ext4_has_strict_mode(sbi))
ret = -EINVAL;
goto out;
}
str->hash = full_name_hash(dentry, norm, len);
out:
kfree(norm);
return ret;
}
const struct dentry_operations ext4_dentry_ops = {
.d_hash = ext4_d_hash,
.d_compare = ext4_d_compare,
};
#endif