linux/arch/x86/kernel/tsc_64.c
Thomas Gleixner d8bb6f4c16 x86: tsc prevent time going backwards
We already catch most of the TSC problems by sanity checks, but there
is a subtle bug which has been in the code forever. This can cause
time jumps in the range of hours.

This was reported in:
     http://lkml.org/lkml/2007/8/23/96
and
     http://lkml.org/lkml/2008/3/31/23

I was able to reproduce the problem with a gettimeofday loop test on a
dual core and a quad core machine which both have sychronized
TSCs. The TSCs seems not to be perfectly in sync though, but the
kernel is not able to detect the slight delta in the sync check. Still
there exists an extremly small window where this delta can be observed
with a real big time jump. So far I was only able to reproduce this
with the vsyscall gettimeofday implementation, but in theory this
might be observable with the syscall based version as well.

CPU 0 updates the clock source variables under xtime/vyscall lock and
CPU1, where the TSC is slighty behind CPU0, is reading the time right
after the seqlock was unlocked.

The clocksource reference data was updated with the TSC from CPU0 and
the value which is read from TSC on CPU1 is less than the reference
data. This results in a huge delta value due to the unsigned
subtraction of the TSC value and the reference value. This algorithm
can not be changed due to the support of wrapping clock sources like
pm timer.

The huge delta is converted to nanoseconds and added to xtime, which
is then observable by the caller. The next gettimeofday call on CPU1
will show the correct time again as now the TSC has advanced above the
reference value.

To prevent this TSC specific wreckage we need to compare the TSC value
against the reference value and return the latter when it is larger
than the actual TSC value.

I pondered to mark the TSC unstable when the readout is smaller than
the reference value, but this would render an otherwise good and fast
clocksource unusable without a real good reason.

Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-04-19 19:19:55 +02:00

357 lines
8.4 KiB
C

#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/clocksource.h>
#include <linux/time.h>
#include <linux/acpi.h>
#include <linux/cpufreq.h>
#include <linux/acpi_pmtmr.h>
#include <asm/hpet.h>
#include <asm/timex.h>
#include <asm/timer.h>
#include <asm/vgtod.h>
static int notsc __initdata = 0;
unsigned int cpu_khz; /* TSC clocks / usec, not used here */
EXPORT_SYMBOL(cpu_khz);
unsigned int tsc_khz;
EXPORT_SYMBOL(tsc_khz);
/* Accelerators for sched_clock()
* convert from cycles(64bits) => nanoseconds (64bits)
* basic equation:
* ns = cycles / (freq / ns_per_sec)
* ns = cycles * (ns_per_sec / freq)
* ns = cycles * (10^9 / (cpu_khz * 10^3))
* ns = cycles * (10^6 / cpu_khz)
*
* Then we use scaling math (suggested by george@mvista.com) to get:
* ns = cycles * (10^6 * SC / cpu_khz) / SC
* ns = cycles * cyc2ns_scale / SC
*
* And since SC is a constant power of two, we can convert the div
* into a shift.
*
* We can use khz divisor instead of mhz to keep a better precision, since
* cyc2ns_scale is limited to 10^6 * 2^10, which fits in 32 bits.
* (mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca)
*
* -johnstul@us.ibm.com "math is hard, lets go shopping!"
*/
DEFINE_PER_CPU(unsigned long, cyc2ns);
static void set_cyc2ns_scale(unsigned long cpu_khz, int cpu)
{
unsigned long long tsc_now, ns_now;
unsigned long flags, *scale;
local_irq_save(flags);
sched_clock_idle_sleep_event();
scale = &per_cpu(cyc2ns, cpu);
rdtscll(tsc_now);
ns_now = __cycles_2_ns(tsc_now);
if (cpu_khz)
*scale = (NSEC_PER_MSEC << CYC2NS_SCALE_FACTOR)/cpu_khz;
sched_clock_idle_wakeup_event(0);
local_irq_restore(flags);
}
unsigned long long native_sched_clock(void)
{
unsigned long a = 0;
/* Could do CPU core sync here. Opteron can execute rdtsc speculatively,
* which means it is not completely exact and may not be monotonous
* between CPUs. But the errors should be too small to matter for
* scheduling purposes.
*/
rdtscll(a);
return cycles_2_ns(a);
}
/* We need to define a real function for sched_clock, to override the
weak default version */
#ifdef CONFIG_PARAVIRT
unsigned long long sched_clock(void)
{
return paravirt_sched_clock();
}
#else
unsigned long long
sched_clock(void) __attribute__((alias("native_sched_clock")));
#endif
static int tsc_unstable;
int check_tsc_unstable(void)
{
return tsc_unstable;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(check_tsc_unstable);
#ifdef CONFIG_CPU_FREQ
/* Frequency scaling support. Adjust the TSC based timer when the cpu frequency
* changes.
*
* RED-PEN: On SMP we assume all CPUs run with the same frequency. It's
* not that important because current Opteron setups do not support
* scaling on SMP anyroads.
*
* Should fix up last_tsc too. Currently gettimeofday in the
* first tick after the change will be slightly wrong.
*/
static unsigned int ref_freq;
static unsigned long loops_per_jiffy_ref;
static unsigned long tsc_khz_ref;
static int time_cpufreq_notifier(struct notifier_block *nb, unsigned long val,
void *data)
{
struct cpufreq_freqs *freq = data;
unsigned long *lpj, dummy;
if (cpu_has(&cpu_data(freq->cpu), X86_FEATURE_CONSTANT_TSC))
return 0;
lpj = &dummy;
if (!(freq->flags & CPUFREQ_CONST_LOOPS))
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
lpj = &cpu_data(freq->cpu).loops_per_jiffy;
#else
lpj = &boot_cpu_data.loops_per_jiffy;
#endif
if (!ref_freq) {
ref_freq = freq->old;
loops_per_jiffy_ref = *lpj;
tsc_khz_ref = tsc_khz;
}
if ((val == CPUFREQ_PRECHANGE && freq->old < freq->new) ||
(val == CPUFREQ_POSTCHANGE && freq->old > freq->new) ||
(val == CPUFREQ_RESUMECHANGE)) {
*lpj =
cpufreq_scale(loops_per_jiffy_ref, ref_freq, freq->new);
tsc_khz = cpufreq_scale(tsc_khz_ref, ref_freq, freq->new);
if (!(freq->flags & CPUFREQ_CONST_LOOPS))
mark_tsc_unstable("cpufreq changes");
}
set_cyc2ns_scale(tsc_khz_ref, freq->cpu);
return 0;
}
static struct notifier_block time_cpufreq_notifier_block = {
.notifier_call = time_cpufreq_notifier
};
static int __init cpufreq_tsc(void)
{
cpufreq_register_notifier(&time_cpufreq_notifier_block,
CPUFREQ_TRANSITION_NOTIFIER);
return 0;
}
core_initcall(cpufreq_tsc);
#endif
#define MAX_RETRIES 5
#define SMI_TRESHOLD 50000
/*
* Read TSC and the reference counters. Take care of SMI disturbance
*/
static unsigned long __init tsc_read_refs(unsigned long *pm,
unsigned long *hpet)
{
unsigned long t1, t2;
int i;
for (i = 0; i < MAX_RETRIES; i++) {
t1 = get_cycles();
if (hpet)
*hpet = hpet_readl(HPET_COUNTER) & 0xFFFFFFFF;
else
*pm = acpi_pm_read_early();
t2 = get_cycles();
if ((t2 - t1) < SMI_TRESHOLD)
return t2;
}
return ULONG_MAX;
}
/**
* tsc_calibrate - calibrate the tsc on boot
*/
void __init tsc_calibrate(void)
{
unsigned long flags, tsc1, tsc2, tr1, tr2, pm1, pm2, hpet1, hpet2;
int hpet = is_hpet_enabled(), cpu;
local_irq_save(flags);
tsc1 = tsc_read_refs(&pm1, hpet ? &hpet1 : NULL);
outb((inb(0x61) & ~0x02) | 0x01, 0x61);
outb(0xb0, 0x43);
outb((CLOCK_TICK_RATE / (1000 / 50)) & 0xff, 0x42);
outb((CLOCK_TICK_RATE / (1000 / 50)) >> 8, 0x42);
tr1 = get_cycles();
while ((inb(0x61) & 0x20) == 0);
tr2 = get_cycles();
tsc2 = tsc_read_refs(&pm2, hpet ? &hpet2 : NULL);
local_irq_restore(flags);
/*
* Preset the result with the raw and inaccurate PIT
* calibration value
*/
tsc_khz = (tr2 - tr1) / 50;
/* hpet or pmtimer available ? */
if (!hpet && !pm1 && !pm2) {
printk(KERN_INFO "TSC calibrated against PIT\n");
return;
}
/* Check, whether the sampling was disturbed by an SMI */
if (tsc1 == ULONG_MAX || tsc2 == ULONG_MAX) {
printk(KERN_WARNING "TSC calibration disturbed by SMI, "
"using PIT calibration result\n");
return;
}
tsc2 = (tsc2 - tsc1) * 1000000L;
if (hpet) {
printk(KERN_INFO "TSC calibrated against HPET\n");
if (hpet2 < hpet1)
hpet2 += 0x100000000;
hpet2 -= hpet1;
tsc1 = (hpet2 * hpet_readl(HPET_PERIOD)) / 1000000;
} else {
printk(KERN_INFO "TSC calibrated against PM_TIMER\n");
if (pm2 < pm1)
pm2 += ACPI_PM_OVRRUN;
pm2 -= pm1;
tsc1 = (pm2 * 1000000000) / PMTMR_TICKS_PER_SEC;
}
tsc_khz = tsc2 / tsc1;
for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
set_cyc2ns_scale(tsc_khz, cpu);
}
/*
* Make an educated guess if the TSC is trustworthy and synchronized
* over all CPUs.
*/
__cpuinit int unsynchronized_tsc(void)
{
if (tsc_unstable)
return 1;
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
if (apic_is_clustered_box())
return 1;
#endif
if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_CONSTANT_TSC))
return 0;
/* Assume multi socket systems are not synchronized */
return num_present_cpus() > 1;
}
int __init notsc_setup(char *s)
{
notsc = 1;
return 1;
}
__setup("notsc", notsc_setup);
static struct clocksource clocksource_tsc;
/*
* We compare the TSC to the cycle_last value in the clocksource
* structure to avoid a nasty time-warp. This can be observed in a
* very small window right after one CPU updated cycle_last under
* xtime/vsyscall_gtod lock and the other CPU reads a TSC value which
* is smaller than the cycle_last reference value due to a TSC which
* is slighty behind. This delta is nowhere else observable, but in
* that case it results in a forward time jump in the range of hours
* due to the unsigned delta calculation of the time keeping core
* code, which is necessary to support wrapping clocksources like pm
* timer.
*/
static cycle_t read_tsc(void)
{
cycle_t ret = (cycle_t)get_cycles();
return ret >= clocksource_tsc.cycle_last ?
ret : clocksource_tsc.cycle_last;
}
static cycle_t __vsyscall_fn vread_tsc(void)
{
cycle_t ret = (cycle_t)vget_cycles();
return ret >= __vsyscall_gtod_data.clock.cycle_last ?
ret : __vsyscall_gtod_data.clock.cycle_last;
}
static struct clocksource clocksource_tsc = {
.name = "tsc",
.rating = 300,
.read = read_tsc,
.mask = CLOCKSOURCE_MASK(64),
.shift = 22,
.flags = CLOCK_SOURCE_IS_CONTINUOUS |
CLOCK_SOURCE_MUST_VERIFY,
.vread = vread_tsc,
};
void mark_tsc_unstable(char *reason)
{
if (!tsc_unstable) {
tsc_unstable = 1;
printk("Marking TSC unstable due to %s\n", reason);
/* Change only the rating, when not registered */
if (clocksource_tsc.mult)
clocksource_change_rating(&clocksource_tsc, 0);
else
clocksource_tsc.rating = 0;
}
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mark_tsc_unstable);
void __init init_tsc_clocksource(void)
{
if (!notsc) {
clocksource_tsc.mult = clocksource_khz2mult(tsc_khz,
clocksource_tsc.shift);
if (check_tsc_unstable())
clocksource_tsc.rating = 0;
clocksource_register(&clocksource_tsc);
}
}