linux/kernel/locking/rwsem-xadd.c
Davidlohr Bueso 00eb4bab69 locking/rwsem: Use acquire/release semantics
As of 654672d4ba (locking/atomics: Add _{acquire|release|relaxed}()
variants of some atomic operations) and 6d79ef2d30 (locking, asm-generic:
Add _{relaxed|acquire|release}() variants for 'atomic_long_t'), weakly
ordered archs can benefit from more relaxed use of barriers when locking
and unlocking, instead of regular full barrier semantics. While currently
only arm64 supports such optimizations, updating corresponding locking
primitives serves for other archs to immediately benefit as well, once the
necessary machinery is implemented of course.

Signed-off-by: Davidlohr Bueso <dbueso@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul E.McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1443643395-17016-6-git-send-email-dave@stgolabs.net
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2015-10-06 17:28:24 +02:00

577 lines
16 KiB
C

/* rwsem.c: R/W semaphores: contention handling functions
*
* Written by David Howells (dhowells@redhat.com).
* Derived from arch/i386/kernel/semaphore.c
*
* Writer lock-stealing by Alex Shi <alex.shi@intel.com>
* and Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
*
* Optimistic spinning by Tim Chen <tim.c.chen@intel.com>
* and Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr@hp.com>. Based on mutexes.
*/
#include <linux/rwsem.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/export.h>
#include <linux/sched/rt.h>
#include <linux/osq_lock.h>
#include "rwsem.h"
/*
* Guide to the rw_semaphore's count field for common values.
* (32-bit case illustrated, similar for 64-bit)
*
* 0x0000000X (1) X readers active or attempting lock, no writer waiting
* X = #active_readers + #readers attempting to lock
* (X*ACTIVE_BIAS)
*
* 0x00000000 rwsem is unlocked, and no one is waiting for the lock or
* attempting to read lock or write lock.
*
* 0xffff000X (1) X readers active or attempting lock, with waiters for lock
* X = #active readers + # readers attempting lock
* (X*ACTIVE_BIAS + WAITING_BIAS)
* (2) 1 writer attempting lock, no waiters for lock
* X-1 = #active readers + #readers attempting lock
* ((X-1)*ACTIVE_BIAS + ACTIVE_WRITE_BIAS)
* (3) 1 writer active, no waiters for lock
* X-1 = #active readers + #readers attempting lock
* ((X-1)*ACTIVE_BIAS + ACTIVE_WRITE_BIAS)
*
* 0xffff0001 (1) 1 reader active or attempting lock, waiters for lock
* (WAITING_BIAS + ACTIVE_BIAS)
* (2) 1 writer active or attempting lock, no waiters for lock
* (ACTIVE_WRITE_BIAS)
*
* 0xffff0000 (1) There are writers or readers queued but none active
* or in the process of attempting lock.
* (WAITING_BIAS)
* Note: writer can attempt to steal lock for this count by adding
* ACTIVE_WRITE_BIAS in cmpxchg and checking the old count
*
* 0xfffe0001 (1) 1 writer active, or attempting lock. Waiters on queue.
* (ACTIVE_WRITE_BIAS + WAITING_BIAS)
*
* Note: Readers attempt to lock by adding ACTIVE_BIAS in down_read and checking
* the count becomes more than 0 for successful lock acquisition,
* i.e. the case where there are only readers or nobody has lock.
* (1st and 2nd case above).
*
* Writers attempt to lock by adding ACTIVE_WRITE_BIAS in down_write and
* checking the count becomes ACTIVE_WRITE_BIAS for successful lock
* acquisition (i.e. nobody else has lock or attempts lock). If
* unsuccessful, in rwsem_down_write_failed, we'll check to see if there
* are only waiters but none active (5th case above), and attempt to
* steal the lock.
*
*/
/*
* Initialize an rwsem:
*/
void __init_rwsem(struct rw_semaphore *sem, const char *name,
struct lock_class_key *key)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC
/*
* Make sure we are not reinitializing a held semaphore:
*/
debug_check_no_locks_freed((void *)sem, sizeof(*sem));
lockdep_init_map(&sem->dep_map, name, key, 0);
#endif
sem->count = RWSEM_UNLOCKED_VALUE;
raw_spin_lock_init(&sem->wait_lock);
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&sem->wait_list);
#ifdef CONFIG_RWSEM_SPIN_ON_OWNER
sem->owner = NULL;
osq_lock_init(&sem->osq);
#endif
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(__init_rwsem);
enum rwsem_waiter_type {
RWSEM_WAITING_FOR_WRITE,
RWSEM_WAITING_FOR_READ
};
struct rwsem_waiter {
struct list_head list;
struct task_struct *task;
enum rwsem_waiter_type type;
};
enum rwsem_wake_type {
RWSEM_WAKE_ANY, /* Wake whatever's at head of wait list */
RWSEM_WAKE_READERS, /* Wake readers only */
RWSEM_WAKE_READ_OWNED /* Waker thread holds the read lock */
};
/*
* handle the lock release when processes blocked on it that can now run
* - if we come here from up_xxxx(), then:
* - the 'active part' of count (&0x0000ffff) reached 0 (but may have changed)
* - the 'waiting part' of count (&0xffff0000) is -ve (and will still be so)
* - there must be someone on the queue
* - the spinlock must be held by the caller
* - woken process blocks are discarded from the list after having task zeroed
* - writers are only woken if downgrading is false
*/
static struct rw_semaphore *
__rwsem_do_wake(struct rw_semaphore *sem, enum rwsem_wake_type wake_type)
{
struct rwsem_waiter *waiter;
struct task_struct *tsk;
struct list_head *next;
long oldcount, woken, loop, adjustment;
waiter = list_entry(sem->wait_list.next, struct rwsem_waiter, list);
if (waiter->type == RWSEM_WAITING_FOR_WRITE) {
if (wake_type == RWSEM_WAKE_ANY)
/* Wake writer at the front of the queue, but do not
* grant it the lock yet as we want other writers
* to be able to steal it. Readers, on the other hand,
* will block as they will notice the queued writer.
*/
wake_up_process(waiter->task);
goto out;
}
/* Writers might steal the lock before we grant it to the next reader.
* We prefer to do the first reader grant before counting readers
* so we can bail out early if a writer stole the lock.
*/
adjustment = 0;
if (wake_type != RWSEM_WAKE_READ_OWNED) {
adjustment = RWSEM_ACTIVE_READ_BIAS;
try_reader_grant:
oldcount = rwsem_atomic_update(adjustment, sem) - adjustment;
if (unlikely(oldcount < RWSEM_WAITING_BIAS)) {
/* A writer stole the lock. Undo our reader grant. */
if (rwsem_atomic_update(-adjustment, sem) &
RWSEM_ACTIVE_MASK)
goto out;
/* Last active locker left. Retry waking readers. */
goto try_reader_grant;
}
}
/* Grant an infinite number of read locks to the readers at the front
* of the queue. Note we increment the 'active part' of the count by
* the number of readers before waking any processes up.
*/
woken = 0;
do {
woken++;
if (waiter->list.next == &sem->wait_list)
break;
waiter = list_entry(waiter->list.next,
struct rwsem_waiter, list);
} while (waiter->type != RWSEM_WAITING_FOR_WRITE);
adjustment = woken * RWSEM_ACTIVE_READ_BIAS - adjustment;
if (waiter->type != RWSEM_WAITING_FOR_WRITE)
/* hit end of list above */
adjustment -= RWSEM_WAITING_BIAS;
if (adjustment)
rwsem_atomic_add(adjustment, sem);
next = sem->wait_list.next;
loop = woken;
do {
waiter = list_entry(next, struct rwsem_waiter, list);
next = waiter->list.next;
tsk = waiter->task;
/*
* Make sure we do not wakeup the next reader before
* setting the nil condition to grant the next reader;
* otherwise we could miss the wakeup on the other
* side and end up sleeping again. See the pairing
* in rwsem_down_read_failed().
*/
smp_mb();
waiter->task = NULL;
wake_up_process(tsk);
put_task_struct(tsk);
} while (--loop);
sem->wait_list.next = next;
next->prev = &sem->wait_list;
out:
return sem;
}
/*
* Wait for the read lock to be granted
*/
__visible
struct rw_semaphore __sched *rwsem_down_read_failed(struct rw_semaphore *sem)
{
long count, adjustment = -RWSEM_ACTIVE_READ_BIAS;
struct rwsem_waiter waiter;
struct task_struct *tsk = current;
/* set up my own style of waitqueue */
waiter.task = tsk;
waiter.type = RWSEM_WAITING_FOR_READ;
get_task_struct(tsk);
raw_spin_lock_irq(&sem->wait_lock);
if (list_empty(&sem->wait_list))
adjustment += RWSEM_WAITING_BIAS;
list_add_tail(&waiter.list, &sem->wait_list);
/* we're now waiting on the lock, but no longer actively locking */
count = rwsem_atomic_update(adjustment, sem);
/* If there are no active locks, wake the front queued process(es).
*
* If there are no writers and we are first in the queue,
* wake our own waiter to join the existing active readers !
*/
if (count == RWSEM_WAITING_BIAS ||
(count > RWSEM_WAITING_BIAS &&
adjustment != -RWSEM_ACTIVE_READ_BIAS))
sem = __rwsem_do_wake(sem, RWSEM_WAKE_ANY);
raw_spin_unlock_irq(&sem->wait_lock);
/* wait to be given the lock */
while (true) {
set_task_state(tsk, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
if (!waiter.task)
break;
schedule();
}
__set_task_state(tsk, TASK_RUNNING);
return sem;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(rwsem_down_read_failed);
static inline bool rwsem_try_write_lock(long count, struct rw_semaphore *sem)
{
/*
* Try acquiring the write lock. Check count first in order
* to reduce unnecessary expensive cmpxchg() operations.
*/
if (count == RWSEM_WAITING_BIAS &&
cmpxchg_acquire(&sem->count, RWSEM_WAITING_BIAS,
RWSEM_ACTIVE_WRITE_BIAS) == RWSEM_WAITING_BIAS) {
if (!list_is_singular(&sem->wait_list))
rwsem_atomic_update(RWSEM_WAITING_BIAS, sem);
rwsem_set_owner(sem);
return true;
}
return false;
}
#ifdef CONFIG_RWSEM_SPIN_ON_OWNER
/*
* Try to acquire write lock before the writer has been put on wait queue.
*/
static inline bool rwsem_try_write_lock_unqueued(struct rw_semaphore *sem)
{
long old, count = READ_ONCE(sem->count);
while (true) {
if (!(count == 0 || count == RWSEM_WAITING_BIAS))
return false;
old = cmpxchg_acquire(&sem->count, count,
count + RWSEM_ACTIVE_WRITE_BIAS);
if (old == count) {
rwsem_set_owner(sem);
return true;
}
count = old;
}
}
static inline bool rwsem_can_spin_on_owner(struct rw_semaphore *sem)
{
struct task_struct *owner;
bool ret = true;
if (need_resched())
return false;
rcu_read_lock();
owner = READ_ONCE(sem->owner);
if (!owner) {
long count = READ_ONCE(sem->count);
/*
* If sem->owner is not set, yet we have just recently entered the
* slowpath with the lock being active, then there is a possibility
* reader(s) may have the lock. To be safe, bail spinning in these
* situations.
*/
if (count & RWSEM_ACTIVE_MASK)
ret = false;
goto done;
}
ret = owner->on_cpu;
done:
rcu_read_unlock();
return ret;
}
static noinline
bool rwsem_spin_on_owner(struct rw_semaphore *sem, struct task_struct *owner)
{
long count;
rcu_read_lock();
while (sem->owner == owner) {
/*
* Ensure we emit the owner->on_cpu, dereference _after_
* checking sem->owner still matches owner, if that fails,
* owner might point to free()d memory, if it still matches,
* the rcu_read_lock() ensures the memory stays valid.
*/
barrier();
/* abort spinning when need_resched or owner is not running */
if (!owner->on_cpu || need_resched()) {
rcu_read_unlock();
return false;
}
cpu_relax_lowlatency();
}
rcu_read_unlock();
if (READ_ONCE(sem->owner))
return true; /* new owner, continue spinning */
/*
* When the owner is not set, the lock could be free or
* held by readers. Check the counter to verify the
* state.
*/
count = READ_ONCE(sem->count);
return (count == 0 || count == RWSEM_WAITING_BIAS);
}
static bool rwsem_optimistic_spin(struct rw_semaphore *sem)
{
struct task_struct *owner;
bool taken = false;
preempt_disable();
/* sem->wait_lock should not be held when doing optimistic spinning */
if (!rwsem_can_spin_on_owner(sem))
goto done;
if (!osq_lock(&sem->osq))
goto done;
while (true) {
owner = READ_ONCE(sem->owner);
if (owner && !rwsem_spin_on_owner(sem, owner))
break;
/* wait_lock will be acquired if write_lock is obtained */
if (rwsem_try_write_lock_unqueued(sem)) {
taken = true;
break;
}
/*
* When there's no owner, we might have preempted between the
* owner acquiring the lock and setting the owner field. If
* we're an RT task that will live-lock because we won't let
* the owner complete.
*/
if (!owner && (need_resched() || rt_task(current)))
break;
/*
* The cpu_relax() call is a compiler barrier which forces
* everything in this loop to be re-loaded. We don't need
* memory barriers as we'll eventually observe the right
* values at the cost of a few extra spins.
*/
cpu_relax_lowlatency();
}
osq_unlock(&sem->osq);
done:
preempt_enable();
return taken;
}
/*
* Return true if the rwsem has active spinner
*/
static inline bool rwsem_has_spinner(struct rw_semaphore *sem)
{
return osq_is_locked(&sem->osq);
}
#else
static bool rwsem_optimistic_spin(struct rw_semaphore *sem)
{
return false;
}
static inline bool rwsem_has_spinner(struct rw_semaphore *sem)
{
return false;
}
#endif
/*
* Wait until we successfully acquire the write lock
*/
__visible
struct rw_semaphore __sched *rwsem_down_write_failed(struct rw_semaphore *sem)
{
long count;
bool waiting = true; /* any queued threads before us */
struct rwsem_waiter waiter;
/* undo write bias from down_write operation, stop active locking */
count = rwsem_atomic_update(-RWSEM_ACTIVE_WRITE_BIAS, sem);
/* do optimistic spinning and steal lock if possible */
if (rwsem_optimistic_spin(sem))
return sem;
/*
* Optimistic spinning failed, proceed to the slowpath
* and block until we can acquire the sem.
*/
waiter.task = current;
waiter.type = RWSEM_WAITING_FOR_WRITE;
raw_spin_lock_irq(&sem->wait_lock);
/* account for this before adding a new element to the list */
if (list_empty(&sem->wait_list))
waiting = false;
list_add_tail(&waiter.list, &sem->wait_list);
/* we're now waiting on the lock, but no longer actively locking */
if (waiting) {
count = READ_ONCE(sem->count);
/*
* If there were already threads queued before us and there are
* no active writers, the lock must be read owned; so we try to
* wake any read locks that were queued ahead of us.
*/
if (count > RWSEM_WAITING_BIAS)
sem = __rwsem_do_wake(sem, RWSEM_WAKE_READERS);
} else
count = rwsem_atomic_update(RWSEM_WAITING_BIAS, sem);
/* wait until we successfully acquire the lock */
set_current_state(TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
while (true) {
if (rwsem_try_write_lock(count, sem))
break;
raw_spin_unlock_irq(&sem->wait_lock);
/* Block until there are no active lockers. */
do {
schedule();
set_current_state(TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
} while ((count = sem->count) & RWSEM_ACTIVE_MASK);
raw_spin_lock_irq(&sem->wait_lock);
}
__set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);
list_del(&waiter.list);
raw_spin_unlock_irq(&sem->wait_lock);
return sem;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(rwsem_down_write_failed);
/*
* handle waking up a waiter on the semaphore
* - up_read/up_write has decremented the active part of count if we come here
*/
__visible
struct rw_semaphore *rwsem_wake(struct rw_semaphore *sem)
{
unsigned long flags;
/*
* If a spinner is present, it is not necessary to do the wakeup.
* Try to do wakeup only if the trylock succeeds to minimize
* spinlock contention which may introduce too much delay in the
* unlock operation.
*
* spinning writer up_write/up_read caller
* --------------- -----------------------
* [S] osq_unlock() [L] osq
* MB RMB
* [RmW] rwsem_try_write_lock() [RmW] spin_trylock(wait_lock)
*
* Here, it is important to make sure that there won't be a missed
* wakeup while the rwsem is free and the only spinning writer goes
* to sleep without taking the rwsem. Even when the spinning writer
* is just going to break out of the waiting loop, it will still do
* a trylock in rwsem_down_write_failed() before sleeping. IOW, if
* rwsem_has_spinner() is true, it will guarantee at least one
* trylock attempt on the rwsem later on.
*/
if (rwsem_has_spinner(sem)) {
/*
* The smp_rmb() here is to make sure that the spinner
* state is consulted before reading the wait_lock.
*/
smp_rmb();
if (!raw_spin_trylock_irqsave(&sem->wait_lock, flags))
return sem;
goto locked;
}
raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&sem->wait_lock, flags);
locked:
/* do nothing if list empty */
if (!list_empty(&sem->wait_list))
sem = __rwsem_do_wake(sem, RWSEM_WAKE_ANY);
raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sem->wait_lock, flags);
return sem;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(rwsem_wake);
/*
* downgrade a write lock into a read lock
* - caller incremented waiting part of count and discovered it still negative
* - just wake up any readers at the front of the queue
*/
__visible
struct rw_semaphore *rwsem_downgrade_wake(struct rw_semaphore *sem)
{
unsigned long flags;
raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&sem->wait_lock, flags);
/* do nothing if list empty */
if (!list_empty(&sem->wait_list))
sem = __rwsem_do_wake(sem, RWSEM_WAKE_READ_OWNED);
raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sem->wait_lock, flags);
return sem;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(rwsem_downgrade_wake);