linux/arch/x86/mm/tlb.c
Andy Lutomirski e37e43a497 x86/mm/64: Enable vmapped stacks (CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_VMAP_STACK=y)
This allows x86_64 kernels to enable vmapped stacks by setting
HAVE_ARCH_VMAP_STACK=y - which enables the CONFIG_VMAP_STACK=y
high level Kconfig option.

There are a couple of interesting bits:

First, x86 lazily faults in top-level paging entries for the vmalloc
area.  This won't work if we get a page fault while trying to access
the stack: the CPU will promote it to a double-fault and we'll die.
To avoid this problem, probe the new stack when switching stacks and
forcibly populate the pgd entry for the stack when switching mms.

Second, once we have guard pages around the stack, we'll want to
detect and handle stack overflow.

I didn't enable it on x86_32.  We'd need to rework the double-fault
code a bit and I'm concerned about running out of vmalloc virtual
addresses under some workloads.

This patch, by itself, will behave somewhat erratically when the
stack overflows while RSP is still more than a few tens of bytes
above the bottom of the stack.  Specifically, we'll get #PF and make
it to no_context and them oops without reliably triggering a
double-fault, and no_context doesn't know about stack overflows.
The next patch will improve that case.

Thank you to Nadav and Brian for helping me pay enough attention to
the SDM to hopefully get this right.

Signed-off-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Nadav Amit <nadav.amit@gmail.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/c88f3e2920b18e6cc621d772a04a62c06869037e.1470907718.git.luto@kernel.org
[ Minor edits. ]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2016-08-24 12:11:42 +02:00

487 lines
13 KiB
C

#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/spinlock.h>
#include <linux/smp.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/export.h>
#include <linux/cpu.h>
#include <asm/tlbflush.h>
#include <asm/mmu_context.h>
#include <asm/cache.h>
#include <asm/apic.h>
#include <asm/uv/uv.h>
#include <linux/debugfs.h>
/*
* Smarter SMP flushing macros.
* c/o Linus Torvalds.
*
* These mean you can really definitely utterly forget about
* writing to user space from interrupts. (Its not allowed anyway).
*
* Optimizations Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
*
* More scalable flush, from Andi Kleen
*
* Implement flush IPI by CALL_FUNCTION_VECTOR, Alex Shi
*/
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
struct flush_tlb_info {
struct mm_struct *flush_mm;
unsigned long flush_start;
unsigned long flush_end;
};
/*
* We cannot call mmdrop() because we are in interrupt context,
* instead update mm->cpu_vm_mask.
*/
void leave_mm(int cpu)
{
struct mm_struct *active_mm = this_cpu_read(cpu_tlbstate.active_mm);
if (this_cpu_read(cpu_tlbstate.state) == TLBSTATE_OK)
BUG();
if (cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, mm_cpumask(active_mm))) {
cpumask_clear_cpu(cpu, mm_cpumask(active_mm));
load_cr3(swapper_pg_dir);
/*
* This gets called in the idle path where RCU
* functions differently. Tracing normally
* uses RCU, so we have to call the tracepoint
* specially here.
*/
trace_tlb_flush_rcuidle(TLB_FLUSH_ON_TASK_SWITCH, TLB_FLUSH_ALL);
}
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(leave_mm);
#endif /* CONFIG_SMP */
void switch_mm(struct mm_struct *prev, struct mm_struct *next,
struct task_struct *tsk)
{
unsigned long flags;
local_irq_save(flags);
switch_mm_irqs_off(prev, next, tsk);
local_irq_restore(flags);
}
void switch_mm_irqs_off(struct mm_struct *prev, struct mm_struct *next,
struct task_struct *tsk)
{
unsigned cpu = smp_processor_id();
if (likely(prev != next)) {
if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_VMAP_STACK)) {
/*
* If our current stack is in vmalloc space and isn't
* mapped in the new pgd, we'll double-fault. Forcibly
* map it.
*/
unsigned int stack_pgd_index = pgd_index(current_stack_pointer());
pgd_t *pgd = next->pgd + stack_pgd_index;
if (unlikely(pgd_none(*pgd)))
set_pgd(pgd, init_mm.pgd[stack_pgd_index]);
}
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
this_cpu_write(cpu_tlbstate.state, TLBSTATE_OK);
this_cpu_write(cpu_tlbstate.active_mm, next);
#endif
cpumask_set_cpu(cpu, mm_cpumask(next));
/*
* Re-load page tables.
*
* This logic has an ordering constraint:
*
* CPU 0: Write to a PTE for 'next'
* CPU 0: load bit 1 in mm_cpumask. if nonzero, send IPI.
* CPU 1: set bit 1 in next's mm_cpumask
* CPU 1: load from the PTE that CPU 0 writes (implicit)
*
* We need to prevent an outcome in which CPU 1 observes
* the new PTE value and CPU 0 observes bit 1 clear in
* mm_cpumask. (If that occurs, then the IPI will never
* be sent, and CPU 0's TLB will contain a stale entry.)
*
* The bad outcome can occur if either CPU's load is
* reordered before that CPU's store, so both CPUs must
* execute full barriers to prevent this from happening.
*
* Thus, switch_mm needs a full barrier between the
* store to mm_cpumask and any operation that could load
* from next->pgd. TLB fills are special and can happen
* due to instruction fetches or for no reason at all,
* and neither LOCK nor MFENCE orders them.
* Fortunately, load_cr3() is serializing and gives the
* ordering guarantee we need.
*
*/
load_cr3(next->pgd);
trace_tlb_flush(TLB_FLUSH_ON_TASK_SWITCH, TLB_FLUSH_ALL);
/* Stop flush ipis for the previous mm */
cpumask_clear_cpu(cpu, mm_cpumask(prev));
/* Load per-mm CR4 state */
load_mm_cr4(next);
#ifdef CONFIG_MODIFY_LDT_SYSCALL
/*
* Load the LDT, if the LDT is different.
*
* It's possible that prev->context.ldt doesn't match
* the LDT register. This can happen if leave_mm(prev)
* was called and then modify_ldt changed
* prev->context.ldt but suppressed an IPI to this CPU.
* In this case, prev->context.ldt != NULL, because we
* never set context.ldt to NULL while the mm still
* exists. That means that next->context.ldt !=
* prev->context.ldt, because mms never share an LDT.
*/
if (unlikely(prev->context.ldt != next->context.ldt))
load_mm_ldt(next);
#endif
}
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
else {
this_cpu_write(cpu_tlbstate.state, TLBSTATE_OK);
BUG_ON(this_cpu_read(cpu_tlbstate.active_mm) != next);
if (!cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, mm_cpumask(next))) {
/*
* On established mms, the mm_cpumask is only changed
* from irq context, from ptep_clear_flush() while in
* lazy tlb mode, and here. Irqs are blocked during
* schedule, protecting us from simultaneous changes.
*/
cpumask_set_cpu(cpu, mm_cpumask(next));
/*
* We were in lazy tlb mode and leave_mm disabled
* tlb flush IPI delivery. We must reload CR3
* to make sure to use no freed page tables.
*
* As above, load_cr3() is serializing and orders TLB
* fills with respect to the mm_cpumask write.
*/
load_cr3(next->pgd);
trace_tlb_flush(TLB_FLUSH_ON_TASK_SWITCH, TLB_FLUSH_ALL);
load_mm_cr4(next);
load_mm_ldt(next);
}
}
#endif
}
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
/*
* The flush IPI assumes that a thread switch happens in this order:
* [cpu0: the cpu that switches]
* 1) switch_mm() either 1a) or 1b)
* 1a) thread switch to a different mm
* 1a1) set cpu_tlbstate to TLBSTATE_OK
* Now the tlb flush NMI handler flush_tlb_func won't call leave_mm
* if cpu0 was in lazy tlb mode.
* 1a2) update cpu active_mm
* Now cpu0 accepts tlb flushes for the new mm.
* 1a3) cpu_set(cpu, new_mm->cpu_vm_mask);
* Now the other cpus will send tlb flush ipis.
* 1a4) change cr3.
* 1a5) cpu_clear(cpu, old_mm->cpu_vm_mask);
* Stop ipi delivery for the old mm. This is not synchronized with
* the other cpus, but flush_tlb_func ignore flush ipis for the wrong
* mm, and in the worst case we perform a superfluous tlb flush.
* 1b) thread switch without mm change
* cpu active_mm is correct, cpu0 already handles flush ipis.
* 1b1) set cpu_tlbstate to TLBSTATE_OK
* 1b2) test_and_set the cpu bit in cpu_vm_mask.
* Atomically set the bit [other cpus will start sending flush ipis],
* and test the bit.
* 1b3) if the bit was 0: leave_mm was called, flush the tlb.
* 2) switch %%esp, ie current
*
* The interrupt must handle 2 special cases:
* - cr3 is changed before %%esp, ie. it cannot use current->{active_,}mm.
* - the cpu performs speculative tlb reads, i.e. even if the cpu only
* runs in kernel space, the cpu could load tlb entries for user space
* pages.
*
* The good news is that cpu_tlbstate is local to each cpu, no
* write/read ordering problems.
*/
/*
* TLB flush funcation:
* 1) Flush the tlb entries if the cpu uses the mm that's being flushed.
* 2) Leave the mm if we are in the lazy tlb mode.
*/
static void flush_tlb_func(void *info)
{
struct flush_tlb_info *f = info;
inc_irq_stat(irq_tlb_count);
if (f->flush_mm && f->flush_mm != this_cpu_read(cpu_tlbstate.active_mm))
return;
count_vm_tlb_event(NR_TLB_REMOTE_FLUSH_RECEIVED);
if (this_cpu_read(cpu_tlbstate.state) == TLBSTATE_OK) {
if (f->flush_end == TLB_FLUSH_ALL) {
local_flush_tlb();
trace_tlb_flush(TLB_REMOTE_SHOOTDOWN, TLB_FLUSH_ALL);
} else {
unsigned long addr;
unsigned long nr_pages =
(f->flush_end - f->flush_start) / PAGE_SIZE;
addr = f->flush_start;
while (addr < f->flush_end) {
__flush_tlb_single(addr);
addr += PAGE_SIZE;
}
trace_tlb_flush(TLB_REMOTE_SHOOTDOWN, nr_pages);
}
} else
leave_mm(smp_processor_id());
}
void native_flush_tlb_others(const struct cpumask *cpumask,
struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long start,
unsigned long end)
{
struct flush_tlb_info info;
if (end == 0)
end = start + PAGE_SIZE;
info.flush_mm = mm;
info.flush_start = start;
info.flush_end = end;
count_vm_tlb_event(NR_TLB_REMOTE_FLUSH);
if (end == TLB_FLUSH_ALL)
trace_tlb_flush(TLB_REMOTE_SEND_IPI, TLB_FLUSH_ALL);
else
trace_tlb_flush(TLB_REMOTE_SEND_IPI,
(end - start) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
if (is_uv_system()) {
unsigned int cpu;
cpu = smp_processor_id();
cpumask = uv_flush_tlb_others(cpumask, mm, start, end, cpu);
if (cpumask)
smp_call_function_many(cpumask, flush_tlb_func,
&info, 1);
return;
}
smp_call_function_many(cpumask, flush_tlb_func, &info, 1);
}
void flush_tlb_current_task(void)
{
struct mm_struct *mm = current->mm;
preempt_disable();
count_vm_tlb_event(NR_TLB_LOCAL_FLUSH_ALL);
/* This is an implicit full barrier that synchronizes with switch_mm. */
local_flush_tlb();
trace_tlb_flush(TLB_LOCAL_SHOOTDOWN, TLB_FLUSH_ALL);
if (cpumask_any_but(mm_cpumask(mm), smp_processor_id()) < nr_cpu_ids)
flush_tlb_others(mm_cpumask(mm), mm, 0UL, TLB_FLUSH_ALL);
preempt_enable();
}
/*
* See Documentation/x86/tlb.txt for details. We choose 33
* because it is large enough to cover the vast majority (at
* least 95%) of allocations, and is small enough that we are
* confident it will not cause too much overhead. Each single
* flush is about 100 ns, so this caps the maximum overhead at
* _about_ 3,000 ns.
*
* This is in units of pages.
*/
static unsigned long tlb_single_page_flush_ceiling __read_mostly = 33;
void flush_tlb_mm_range(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long start,
unsigned long end, unsigned long vmflag)
{
unsigned long addr;
/* do a global flush by default */
unsigned long base_pages_to_flush = TLB_FLUSH_ALL;
preempt_disable();
if (current->active_mm != mm) {
/* Synchronize with switch_mm. */
smp_mb();
goto out;
}
if (!current->mm) {
leave_mm(smp_processor_id());
/* Synchronize with switch_mm. */
smp_mb();
goto out;
}
if ((end != TLB_FLUSH_ALL) && !(vmflag & VM_HUGETLB))
base_pages_to_flush = (end - start) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
/*
* Both branches below are implicit full barriers (MOV to CR or
* INVLPG) that synchronize with switch_mm.
*/
if (base_pages_to_flush > tlb_single_page_flush_ceiling) {
base_pages_to_flush = TLB_FLUSH_ALL;
count_vm_tlb_event(NR_TLB_LOCAL_FLUSH_ALL);
local_flush_tlb();
} else {
/* flush range by one by one 'invlpg' */
for (addr = start; addr < end; addr += PAGE_SIZE) {
count_vm_tlb_event(NR_TLB_LOCAL_FLUSH_ONE);
__flush_tlb_single(addr);
}
}
trace_tlb_flush(TLB_LOCAL_MM_SHOOTDOWN, base_pages_to_flush);
out:
if (base_pages_to_flush == TLB_FLUSH_ALL) {
start = 0UL;
end = TLB_FLUSH_ALL;
}
if (cpumask_any_but(mm_cpumask(mm), smp_processor_id()) < nr_cpu_ids)
flush_tlb_others(mm_cpumask(mm), mm, start, end);
preempt_enable();
}
void flush_tlb_page(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long start)
{
struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm;
preempt_disable();
if (current->active_mm == mm) {
if (current->mm) {
/*
* Implicit full barrier (INVLPG) that synchronizes
* with switch_mm.
*/
__flush_tlb_one(start);
} else {
leave_mm(smp_processor_id());
/* Synchronize with switch_mm. */
smp_mb();
}
}
if (cpumask_any_but(mm_cpumask(mm), smp_processor_id()) < nr_cpu_ids)
flush_tlb_others(mm_cpumask(mm), mm, start, 0UL);
preempt_enable();
}
static void do_flush_tlb_all(void *info)
{
count_vm_tlb_event(NR_TLB_REMOTE_FLUSH_RECEIVED);
__flush_tlb_all();
if (this_cpu_read(cpu_tlbstate.state) == TLBSTATE_LAZY)
leave_mm(smp_processor_id());
}
void flush_tlb_all(void)
{
count_vm_tlb_event(NR_TLB_REMOTE_FLUSH);
on_each_cpu(do_flush_tlb_all, NULL, 1);
}
static void do_kernel_range_flush(void *info)
{
struct flush_tlb_info *f = info;
unsigned long addr;
/* flush range by one by one 'invlpg' */
for (addr = f->flush_start; addr < f->flush_end; addr += PAGE_SIZE)
__flush_tlb_single(addr);
}
void flush_tlb_kernel_range(unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
{
/* Balance as user space task's flush, a bit conservative */
if (end == TLB_FLUSH_ALL ||
(end - start) > tlb_single_page_flush_ceiling * PAGE_SIZE) {
on_each_cpu(do_flush_tlb_all, NULL, 1);
} else {
struct flush_tlb_info info;
info.flush_start = start;
info.flush_end = end;
on_each_cpu(do_kernel_range_flush, &info, 1);
}
}
static ssize_t tlbflush_read_file(struct file *file, char __user *user_buf,
size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
{
char buf[32];
unsigned int len;
len = sprintf(buf, "%ld\n", tlb_single_page_flush_ceiling);
return simple_read_from_buffer(user_buf, count, ppos, buf, len);
}
static ssize_t tlbflush_write_file(struct file *file,
const char __user *user_buf, size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
{
char buf[32];
ssize_t len;
int ceiling;
len = min(count, sizeof(buf) - 1);
if (copy_from_user(buf, user_buf, len))
return -EFAULT;
buf[len] = '\0';
if (kstrtoint(buf, 0, &ceiling))
return -EINVAL;
if (ceiling < 0)
return -EINVAL;
tlb_single_page_flush_ceiling = ceiling;
return count;
}
static const struct file_operations fops_tlbflush = {
.read = tlbflush_read_file,
.write = tlbflush_write_file,
.llseek = default_llseek,
};
static int __init create_tlb_single_page_flush_ceiling(void)
{
debugfs_create_file("tlb_single_page_flush_ceiling", S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR,
arch_debugfs_dir, NULL, &fops_tlbflush);
return 0;
}
late_initcall(create_tlb_single_page_flush_ceiling);
#endif /* CONFIG_SMP */