the following areas: performance, avoiding waste of entropy, better
tracking of entropy estimates, support for non-x86 platforms that have
a register which can't be used for fine-grained timekeeping, but which
might be good enough for the random driver.
Also add some printk's so that we can see how quickly /dev/urandom can
get initialized, and when programs try to use /dev/urandom before it
is fully initialized (since this could be a security issue). This
shouldn't be an issue on x86 desktop/laptops --- a test on my Lenovo
T430s laptop shows that /dev/urandom is getting fully initialized
approximately two seconds before the root file system is mounted
read/write --- this may be an issue with ARM and MIPS embedded/mobile
systems, though. These printk's will be a useful canary before
potentially adding a future change to start blocking processes which
try to read from /dev/urandom before it is initialized, which is
something FreeBSD does already for security reasons, and which
security folks have been agitating for Linux to also adopt.
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Merge tag 'random_for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/random
Pull /dev/random changes from Ted Ts'o:
"The /dev/random changes for 3.13 including a number of improvements in
the following areas: performance, avoiding waste of entropy, better
tracking of entropy estimates, support for non-x86 platforms that have
a register which can't be used for fine-grained timekeeping, but which
might be good enough for the random driver.
Also add some printk's so that we can see how quickly /dev/urandom can
get initialized, and when programs try to use /dev/urandom before it
is fully initialized (since this could be a security issue). This
shouldn't be an issue on x86 desktop/laptops --- a test on my Lenovo
T430s laptop shows that /dev/urandom is getting fully initialized
approximately two seconds before the root file system is mounted
read/write --- this may be an issue with ARM and MIPS embedded/mobile
systems, though. These printk's will be a useful canary before
potentially adding a future change to start blocking processes which
try to read from /dev/urandom before it is initialized, which is
something FreeBSD does already for security reasons, and which
security folks have been agitating for Linux to also adopt"
* tag 'random_for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/random:
random: add debugging code to detect early use of get_random_bytes()
random: initialize the last_time field in struct timer_rand_state
random: don't zap entropy count in rand_initialize()
random: printk notifications for urandom pool initialization
random: make add_timer_randomness() fill the nonblocking pool first
random: convert DEBUG_ENT to tracepoints
random: push extra entropy to the output pools
random: drop trickle mode
random: adjust the generator polynomials in the mixing function slightly
random: speed up the fast_mix function by a factor of four
random: cap the rate which the /dev/urandom pool gets reseeded
random: optimize the entropy_store structure
random: optimize spinlock use in add_device_randomness()
random: fix the tracepoint for get_random_bytes(_arch)
random: account for entropy loss due to overwrites
random: allow fractional bits to be tracked
random: statically compute poolbitshift, poolbytes, poolbits
random: mix in architectural randomness earlier in extract_buf()
some robustness fixes for broken virtio devices, plus minor tweaks.
[vs last pull request: added the virtio-scsi broken vq escape patch, which
I somehow lost.]
Cheers,
Rusty.
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Merge tag 'virtio-next-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rusty/linux
Pull virtio updates from Rusty Russell:
"Nothing really exciting: some groundwork for changing virtio endian,
and some robustness fixes for broken virtio devices, plus minor
tweaks"
* tag 'virtio-next-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rusty/linux:
virtio_scsi: verify if queue is broken after virtqueue_get_buf()
x86, asmlinkage, lguest: Pass in globals into assembler statement
virtio: mmio: fix signature checking for BE guests
virtio_ring: adapt to notify() returning bool
virtio_net: verify if queue is broken after virtqueue_get_buf()
virtio_console: verify if queue is broken after virtqueue_get_buf()
virtio_blk: verify if queue is broken after virtqueue_get_buf()
virtio_ring: add new function virtqueue_is_broken()
virtio_test: verify if virtqueue_kick() succeeded
virtio_net: verify if virtqueue_kick() succeeded
virtio_ring: let virtqueue_{kick()/notify()} return a bool
virtio_ring: change host notification API
virtio_config: remove virtio_config_val
virtio: use size-based config accessors.
virtio_config: introduce size-based accessors.
virtio_ring: plug kmemleak false positive.
virtio: pm: use CONFIG_PM_SLEEP instead of CONFIG_PM
Use this new function to make code more comprehensible, since we are
reinitialzing the completion, not initializing.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: linux-next resyncs]
Signed-off-by: Wolfram Sang <wsa@the-dreams.de>
Acked-by: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org> (personally at LCE13)
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pull networking updates from David Miller:
1) The addition of nftables. No longer will we need protocol aware
firewall filtering modules, it can all live in userspace.
At the core of nftables is a, for lack of a better term, virtual
machine that executes byte codes to inspect packet or metadata
(arriving interface index, etc.) and make verdict decisions.
Besides support for loading packet contents and comparing them, the
interpreter supports lookups in various datastructures as
fundamental operations. For example sets are supports, and
therefore one could create a set of whitelist IP address entries
which have ACCEPT verdicts attached to them, and use the appropriate
byte codes to do such lookups.
Since the interpreted code is composed in userspace, userspace can
do things like optimize things before giving it to the kernel.
Another major improvement is the capability of atomically updating
portions of the ruleset. In the existing netfilter implementation,
one has to update the entire rule set in order to make a change and
this is very expensive.
Userspace tools exist to create nftables rules using existing
netfilter rule sets, but both kernel implementations will need to
co-exist for quite some time as we transition from the old to the
new stuff.
Kudos to Patrick McHardy, Pablo Neira Ayuso, and others who have
worked so hard on this.
2) Daniel Borkmann and Hannes Frederic Sowa made several improvements
to our pseudo-random number generator, mostly used for things like
UDP port randomization and netfitler, amongst other things.
In particular the taus88 generater is updated to taus113, and test
cases are added.
3) Support 64-bit rates in HTB and TBF schedulers, from Eric Dumazet
and Yang Yingliang.
4) Add support for new 577xx tigon3 chips to tg3 driver, from Nithin
Sujir.
5) Fix two fatal flaws in TCP dynamic right sizing, from Eric Dumazet,
Neal Cardwell, and Yuchung Cheng.
6) Allow IP_TOS and IP_TTL to be specified in sendmsg() ancillary
control message data, much like other socket option attributes.
From Francesco Fusco.
7) Allow applications to specify a cap on the rate computed
automatically by the kernel for pacing flows, via a new
SO_MAX_PACING_RATE socket option. From Eric Dumazet.
8) Make the initial autotuned send buffer sizing in TCP more closely
reflect actual needs, from Eric Dumazet.
9) Currently early socket demux only happens for TCP sockets, but we
can do it for connected UDP sockets too. Implementation from Shawn
Bohrer.
10) Refactor inet socket demux with the goal of improving hash demux
performance for listening sockets. With the main goals being able
to use RCU lookups on even request sockets, and eliminating the
listening lock contention. From Eric Dumazet.
11) The bonding layer has many demuxes in it's fast path, and an RCU
conversion was started back in 3.11, several changes here extend the
RCU usage to even more locations. From Ding Tianhong and Wang
Yufen, based upon suggestions by Nikolay Aleksandrov and Veaceslav
Falico.
12) Allow stackability of segmentation offloads to, in particular, allow
segmentation offloading over tunnels. From Eric Dumazet.
13) Significantly improve the handling of secret keys we input into the
various hash functions in the inet hashtables, TCP fast open, as
well as syncookies. From Hannes Frederic Sowa. The key fundamental
operation is "net_get_random_once()" which uses static keys.
Hannes even extended this to ipv4/ipv6 fragmentation handling and
our generic flow dissector.
14) The generic driver layer takes care now to set the driver data to
NULL on device removal, so it's no longer necessary for drivers to
explicitly set it to NULL any more. Many drivers have been cleaned
up in this way, from Jingoo Han.
15) Add a BPF based packet scheduler classifier, from Daniel Borkmann.
16) Improve CRC32 interfaces and generic SKB checksum iterators so that
SCTP's checksumming can more cleanly be handled. Also from Daniel
Borkmann.
17) Add a new PMTU discovery mode, IP_PMTUDISC_INTERFACE, which forces
using the interface MTU value. This helps avoid PMTU attacks,
particularly on DNS servers. From Hannes Frederic Sowa.
18) Use generic XPS for transmit queue steering rather than internal
(re-)implementation in virtio-net. From Jason Wang.
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/net-next: (1622 commits)
random32: add test cases for taus113 implementation
random32: upgrade taus88 generator to taus113 from errata paper
random32: move rnd_state to linux/random.h
random32: add prandom_reseed_late() and call when nonblocking pool becomes initialized
random32: add periodic reseeding
random32: fix off-by-one in seeding requirement
PHY: Add RTL8201CP phy_driver to realtek
xtsonic: add missing platform_set_drvdata() in xtsonic_probe()
macmace: add missing platform_set_drvdata() in mace_probe()
ethernet/arc/arc_emac: add missing platform_set_drvdata() in arc_emac_probe()
ipv6: protect for_each_sk_fl_rcu in mem_check with rcu_read_lock_bh
vlan: Implement vlan_dev_get_egress_qos_mask as an inline.
ixgbe: add warning when max_vfs is out of range.
igb: Update link modes display in ethtool
netfilter: push reasm skb through instead of original frag skbs
ip6_output: fragment outgoing reassembled skb properly
MAINTAINERS: mv643xx_eth: take over maintainership from Lennart
net_sched: tbf: support of 64bit rates
ixgbe: deleting dfwd stations out of order can cause null ptr deref
ixgbe: fix build err, num_rx_queues is only available with CONFIG_RPS
...
Merge first patch-bomb from Andrew Morton:
"Quite a lot of other stuff is banked up awaiting further
next->mainline merging, but this batch contains:
- Lots of random misc patches
- OCFS2
- Most of MM
- backlight updates
- lib/ updates
- printk updates
- checkpatch updates
- epoll tweaking
- rtc updates
- hfs
- hfsplus
- documentation
- procfs
- update gcov to gcc-4.7 format
- IPC"
* emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (269 commits)
ipc, msg: fix message length check for negative values
ipc/util.c: remove unnecessary work pending test
devpts: plug the memory leak in kill_sb
./Makefile: export initial ramdisk compression config option
init/Kconfig: add option to disable kernel compression
drivers: w1: make w1_slave::flags long to avoid memory corruption
drivers/w1/masters/ds1wm.cuse dev_get_platdata()
drivers/memstick/core/ms_block.c: fix unreachable state in h_msb_read_page()
drivers/memstick/core/mspro_block.c: fix attributes array allocation
drivers/pps/clients/pps-gpio.c: remove redundant of_match_ptr
kernel/panic.c: reduce 1 byte usage for print tainted buffer
gcov: reuse kbasename helper
kernel/gcov/fs.c: use pr_warn()
kernel/module.c: use pr_foo()
gcov: compile specific gcov implementation based on gcc version
gcov: add support for gcc 4.7 gcov format
gcov: move gcov structs definitions to a gcc version specific file
kernel/taskstats.c: return -ENOMEM when alloc memory fails in add_del_listener()
kernel/taskstats.c: add nla_nest_cancel() for failure processing between nla_nest_start() and nla_nest_end()
kernel/sysctl_binary.c: use scnprintf() instead of snprintf()
...
Pull vfs updates from Al Viro:
"All kinds of stuff this time around; some more notable parts:
- RCU'd vfsmounts handling
- new primitives for coredump handling
- files_lock is gone
- Bruce's delegations handling series
- exportfs fixes
plus misc stuff all over the place"
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs: (101 commits)
ecryptfs: ->f_op is never NULL
locks: break delegations on any attribute modification
locks: break delegations on link
locks: break delegations on rename
locks: helper functions for delegation breaking
locks: break delegations on unlink
namei: minor vfs_unlink cleanup
locks: implement delegations
locks: introduce new FL_DELEG lock flag
vfs: take i_mutex on renamed file
vfs: rename I_MUTEX_QUOTA now that it's not used for quotas
vfs: don't use PARENT/CHILD lock classes for non-directories
vfs: pull ext4's double-i_mutex-locking into common code
exportfs: fix quadratic behavior in filehandle lookup
exportfs: better variable name
exportfs: move most of reconnect_path to helper function
exportfs: eliminate unused "noprogress" counter
exportfs: stop retrying once we race with rename/remove
exportfs: clear DISCONNECTED on all parents sooner
exportfs: more detailed comment for path_reconnect
...
The CONFIG_HPET_MMAP Kconfig option exposes the memory map of the HPET
registers to userspace. The Kconfig help points out that in some cases
this can be a security risk as some systems may erroneously configure the
map such that additional data is exposed to userspace.
This is a problem for distributions -- some users want the MMAP
functionality but it comes with a significant security risk. In an effort
to mitigate this risk, and due to the low number of users of the MMAP
functionality, I've introduced a kernel parameter, hpet_mmap_enable, that
is required in order to actually have the HPET MMAP exposed.
Signed-off-by: Prarit Bhargava <prarit@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Matt Wilson <msw@amazon.com>
Signed-off-by: Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Cc: Tomas Winkler <tomas.winkler@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
usual for this cycle with lots of clean-up.
- Cross arch clean-up and consolidation of early DT scanning code.
- Clean-up and removal of arch prom.h headers. Makes arch specific
prom.h optional on all but Sparc.
- Addition of interrupts-extended property for devices connected to
multiple interrupt controllers.
- Refactoring of DT interrupt parsing code in preparation for deferred
probe of interrupts.
- ARM cpu and cpu topology bindings documentation.
- Various DT vendor binding documentation updates.
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Merge tag 'devicetree-for-3.13' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/robh/linux
Pull devicetree updates from Rob Herring:
"DeviceTree updates for 3.13. This is a bit larger pull request than
usual for this cycle with lots of clean-up.
- Cross arch clean-up and consolidation of early DT scanning code.
- Clean-up and removal of arch prom.h headers. Makes arch specific
prom.h optional on all but Sparc.
- Addition of interrupts-extended property for devices connected to
multiple interrupt controllers.
- Refactoring of DT interrupt parsing code in preparation for
deferred probe of interrupts.
- ARM cpu and cpu topology bindings documentation.
- Various DT vendor binding documentation updates"
* tag 'devicetree-for-3.13' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/robh/linux: (82 commits)
powerpc: add missing explicit OF includes for ppc
dt/irq: add empty of_irq_count for !OF_IRQ
dt: disable self-tests for !OF_IRQ
of: irq: Fix interrupt-map entry matching
MIPS: Netlogic: replace early_init_devtree() call
of: Add Panasonic Corporation vendor prefix
of: Add Chunghwa Picture Tubes Ltd. vendor prefix
of: Add AU Optronics Corporation vendor prefix
of/irq: Fix potential buffer overflow
of/irq: Fix bug in interrupt parsing refactor.
of: set dma_mask to point to coherent_dma_mask
of: add vendor prefix for PHYTEC Messtechnik GmbH
DT: sort vendor-prefixes.txt
of: Add vendor prefix for Cadence
of: Add empty for_each_available_child_of_node() macro definition
arm/versatile: Fix versatile irq specifications.
of/irq: create interrupts-extended property
microblaze/pci: Drop PowerPC-ism from irq parsing
of/irq: Create of_irq_parse_and_map_pci() to consolidate arch code.
of/irq: Use irq_of_parse_and_map()
...
Pull powerpc updates from Benjamin Herrenschmidt:
"The bulk of this is LE updates. One should now be able to build an LE
kernel and even run some things in it.
I'm still sitting on a handful of patches to enable the new ABI that I
*might* still send this merge window around, but due to the
incertainty (they are pretty fresh) I want to keep them separate.
Other notable changes are some infrastructure bits to better handle
PCI pass-through under KVM, some bits and pieces added to the new
PowerNV platform support such as access to the CPU SCOM bus via sysfs,
and support for EEH error handling on PHB3 (Power8 PCIe).
We also grew arch_get_random_long() for both pseries and powernv when
running on P7+ and P8, exploiting the HW rng.
And finally various embedded updates from freescale"
* 'next' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/benh/powerpc: (154 commits)
powerpc: Fix fatal SLB miss when restoring PPR
powerpc/powernv: Reserve the correct PE number
powerpc/powernv: Add PE to its own PELTV
powerpc/powernv: Add support for indirect XSCOM via debugfs
powerpc/scom: Improve debugfs interface
powerpc/scom: Enable 64-bit addresses
powerpc/boot: Properly handle the base "of" boot wrapper
powerpc/bpf: Support MOD operation
powerpc/bpf: Fix DIVWU instruction opcode
of: Move definition of of_find_next_cache_node into common code.
powerpc: Remove big endianness assumption in of_find_next_cache_node
powerpc/tm: Remove interrupt disable in __switch_to()
powerpc: word-at-a-time optimization for 64-bit Little Endian
powerpc/bpf: BPF JIT compiler for 64-bit Little Endian
powerpc: Only save/restore SDR1 if in hypervisor mode
powerpc/pmu: Fix ADB_PMU_LED_IDE dependencies
powerpc/nvram: Fix endian issue when using the partition length
powerpc/nvram: Fix endian issue when reading the NVRAM size
powerpc/nvram: Scan partitions only once
powerpc/mpc512x: remove unnecessary #if
...
The Tausworthe PRNG is initialized at late_initcall time. At that time the
entropy pool serving get_random_bytes is not filled sufficiently. This
patch adds an additional reseeding step as soon as the nonblocking pool
gets marked as initialized.
On some machines it might be possible that late_initcall gets called after
the pool has been initialized. In this situation we won't reseed again.
(A call to prandom_seed_late blocks later invocations of early reseed
attempts.)
Joint work with Daniel Borkmann.
Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Cc: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: Hannes Frederic Sowa <hannes@stressinduktion.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com>
Acked-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Commit b5b4bb3f6a (of: only include prom.h on sparc) removed implicit
includes of of_*.h headers by powerpc's prom.h. Some components were
missed in initial clean-up patch, so add the necessary includes to fix
powerpc builds.
Signed-off-by: Rob Herring <rob.herring@calxeda.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
Cc: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Vinod Koul <vinod.koul@intel.com>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
Cc: linux-ide@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
Since we initialize jiffies to wrap five minutes before boot (see
INITIAL_JIFFIES defined in include/linux/jiffies.h) it's important to
make sure the last_time field is initialized to INITIAL_JIFFIES.
Otherwise, the entropy estimator will overestimate the amount of
entropy resulting from the first call to add_timer_randomness(),
generally by about 8 bits.
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
The rand_initialize() function was being run fairly late in the kernel
boot sequence. This was unfortunate, since it zero'ed the entropy
counters, thus throwing away credit that was accumulated earlier in
the boot sequence, and it also meant that initcall functions run
before rand_initialize were using a minimally initialized pool.
To fix this, fix init_std_data() to no longer zap the entropy counter;
it wasn't necessary, and move rand_initialize() to be an early
initcall.
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Print a notification to the console when the nonblocking pool is
initialized. Also printk a warning when a process tries reading from
/dev/urandom before it is fully initialized.
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Change add_timer_randomness() so that it directs incoming entropy to
the nonblocking pool first if it hasn't been fully initialized yet.
This matches the strategy we use in add_interrupt_randomness(), which
allows us to push the randomness where we need it the most during when
the system is first booting up, so that get_random_bytes() and
/dev/urandom become safe to use as soon as possible.
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
If virtqueue_get_buf() returns with a NULL pointer it should be verified
if the virtqueue is broken, in order to avoid loop calling cpu_relax().
Signed-off-by: Heinz Graalfs <graalfs@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
This lets the transport do endian conversion if necessary, and insulates
the drivers from the difference.
Most drivers can use the simple helpers virtio_cread() and virtio_cwrite().
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
This patch proposes to remove the use of the IRQF_DISABLED flag
It's a NOOP since 2.6.35 and it will be removed one day.
Signed-off-by: Michael Opdenacker <michael.opdenacker@free-electrons.com>
Acked-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
This patch proposes to remove the use of the IRQF_DISABLED flag
It's a NOOP since 2.6.35 and it will be removed one day.
Signed-off-by: Michael Opdenacker <michael.opdenacker@free-electrons.com>
Acked-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
This patch proposes to remove the use of the IRQF_DISABLED flag
It's a NOOP since 2.6.35 and it will be removed one day.
Signed-off-by: Michael Opdenacker <michael.opdenacker@free-electrons.com>
Acked-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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Merge tag 'stable/for-linus-3.12-rc4-tag' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/xen/tip
Pull Xen fixes from Stefano Stabellini:
"A small fix for Xen on x86_32 and a build fix for xen-tpmfront on
arm64"
* tag 'stable/for-linus-3.12-rc4-tag' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/xen/tip:
xen: Fix possible user space selector corruption
tpm: xen-tpmfront: fix missing declaration of xen_domain
Add a driver for the hwrng found in power7+ systems, based on the
existing code for the arch_get_random_long() hook.
We only register a single instance of the driver, not one per device,
because we use the existing per_cpu array of devices in the arch code.
This means we always read from the "closest" device, avoiding inter-chip
memory traffic.
Signed-off-by: Guo Chao <yan@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <michael@ellerman.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
We don't expect to get errors from the hypervisor when reading the rng,
but if we do we should pass the error up to the hwrng driver. Otherwise
the hwrng driver will continue calling us forever.
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <michael@ellerman.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
non-x86 platforms, in particular MIPS and ARM.
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Merge tag 'random_for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/random
Pull /dev/random changes from Ted Ts'o:
"These patches are designed to enable improvements to /dev/random for
non-x86 platforms, in particular MIPS and ARM"
* tag 'random_for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/random:
random: allow architectures to optionally define random_get_entropy()
random: run random_int_secret_init() run after all late_initcalls
Instead of using the random driver's ad-hoc DEBUG_ENT() mechanism, use
tracepoints instead. This allows for a much more fine-grained control
of which debugging mechanism which a developer might need, and unifies
the debugging messages with all of the existing tracepoints.
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
As the input pool gets filled, start transfering entropy to the output
pools until they get filled. This allows us to use the output pools
to store more system entropy. Waste not, want not....
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
The add_timer_randomness() used to drop into trickle mode when entropy
pool was estimated to be 87.5% full. This was important when
add_timer_randomness() was used to sample interrupts. It's not used
for this any more --- add_interrupt_randomness() now uses fast_mix()
instead. By elimitating trickle mode, it allows us to fully utilize
entropy provided by add_input_randomness() and add_disk_randomness()
even when the input pool is above the old trickle threshold of 87.5%.
This helps to answer the criticism in [1] in their hypothetical
scenario where our entropy estimator was inaccurate, even though the
measurements in [2] seem to indicate that our entropy estimator given
real-life entropy collection is actually pretty good, albeit on the
conservative side (which was as it was designed).
[1] http://eprint.iacr.org/2013/338.pdf
[2] http://eprint.iacr.org/2012/251.pdf
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Our mixing functions were analyzed by Lacharme, Roeck, Strubel, and
Videau in their paper, "The Linux Pseudorandom Number Generator
Revisited" (see: http://eprint.iacr.org/2012/251.pdf).
They suggested a slight change to improve our mixing functions
slightly. I also adjusted the comments to better explain what is
going on, and to document why the polynomials were changed.
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
By mixing the entropy in chunks of 32-bit words instead of byte by
byte, we can speed up the fast_mix function significantly. Since it
is called on every single interrupt, on systems with a very heavy
interrupt load, this can make a noticeable difference.
Also fix a compilation warning in add_interrupt_randomness() and avoid
xor'ing cycles and jiffies together just in case we have an
architecture which tries to define random_get_entropy() by returning
jiffies.
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Reported-by: Jörn Engel <joern@logfs.org>
In order to avoid draining the input pool of its entropy at too high
of a rate, enforce a minimum time interval between reseedings of the
urandom pool. This is set to 60 seconds by default.
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
The add_device_randomness() function calls mix_pool_bytes() twice for
the input pool and the non-blocking pool, for a total of four times.
By using _mix_pool_byte() and taking the spinlock in
add_device_randomness(), we can halve the number of times we need
take each pool's spinlock.
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Fix a problem where get_random_bytes_arch() was calling the tracepoint
get_random_bytes(). So add a new tracepoint for
get_random_bytes_arch(), and make get_random_bytes() and
get_random_bytes_arch() call their correct tracepoint.
Also, add a new tracepoint for add_device_randomness()
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
When we write entropy into a non-empty pool, we currently don't
account at all for the fact that we will probabilistically overwrite
some of the entropy in that pool. This means that unless the pool is
fully empty, we are currently *guaranteed* to overestimate the amount
of entropy in the pool!
Assuming Shannon entropy with zero correlations we end up with an
exponentally decaying value of new entropy added:
entropy <- entropy + (pool_size - entropy) *
(1 - exp(-add_entropy/pool_size))
However, calculations involving fractional exponentials are not
practical in the kernel, so apply a piecewise linearization:
For add_entropy <= pool_size/2 then
(1 - exp(-add_entropy/pool_size)) >= (add_entropy/pool_size)*0.7869...
... so we can approximate the exponential with
3/4*add_entropy/pool_size and still be on the
safe side by adding at most pool_size/2 at a time.
In order for the loop not to take arbitrary amounts of time if a bad
ioctl is received, terminate if we are within one bit of full. This
way the loop is guaranteed to terminate after no more than
log2(poolsize) iterations, no matter what the input value is. The
vast majority of the time the loop will be executed exactly once.
The piecewise linearization is very conservative, approaching 3/4 of
the usable input value for small inputs, however, our entropy
estimation is pretty weak at best, especially for small values; we
have no handle on correlation; and the Shannon entropy measure (Rényi
entropy of order 1) is not the correct one to use in the first place,
but rather the correct entropy measure is the min-entropy, the Rényi
entropy of infinite order.
As such, this conservatism seems more than justified.
This does introduce fractional bit values. I have left it to have 3
bits of fraction, so that with a pool of 2^12 bits the multiply in
credit_entropy_bits() can still fit into an int, as 2*(3+12) < 31. It
is definitely possible to allow for more fractional accounting, but
that multiply then would have to be turned into a 32*32 -> 64 multiply.
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: DJ Johnston <dj.johnston@intel.com>
Allow fractional bits of entropy to be tracked by scaling the entropy
counter (fixed point). This will be used in a subsequent patch that
accounts for entropy lost due to overwrites.
[ Modified by tytso to fix up a few missing places where the
entropy_count wasn't properly converted from fractional bits to
bits. ]
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Use a macro to statically compute poolbitshift (will be used in a
subsequent patch), poolbytes, and poolbits. On virtually all
architectures the cost of a memory load with an offset is the same as
the one of a memory load.
It is still possible for this to generate worse code since the C
compiler doesn't know the fixed relationship between these fields, but
that is somewhat unlikely.
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Previously if CPU chip had a built-in random number generator (i.e.,
RDRAND on newer x86 chips), we mixed it in at the very end of
extract_buf() using an XOR operation.
We now mix it in right after the calculate a hash across the entire
pool. This has the advantage that any contribution of entropy from
the CPU's HWRNG will get mixed back into the pool. In addition, it
means that if the HWRNG has any defects (either accidentally or
maliciously introduced), this will be mitigated via the non-linear
transform of the SHA-1 hash function before we hand out generated
output.
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Allow architectures which have a disabled get_cycles() function to
provide a random_get_entropy() function which provides a fine-grained,
rapidly changing counter that can be used by the /dev/random driver.
For example, an architecture might have a rapidly changing register
used to control random TLB cache eviction, or DRAM refresh that
doesn't meet the requirements of get_cycles(), but which is good
enough for the needs of the random driver.
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
xen-tpmfront fails to build on arm64 with the following error:
drivers/char/tpm/xen-tpmfront.c: In function ‘xen_tpmfront_init’:
drivers/char/tpm/xen-tpmfront.c:422:2: error: implicit declaration of function ‘xen_domain’ [-Werror=implicit-function-declaration]
Add include of xen/xen.h to fix this.
Signed-off-by: Rob Herring <rob.herring@calxeda.com>
Signed-off-by: Stefano Stabellini <stefano.stabellini@eu.citrix.com>
Reviewed-by: Ashley Lai <adlai@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Ashley Lai <adlai@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Leonidas Da Silva Barbosa <leosilva@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Rajiv Andrade <mail@srajiv.net>
Cc: Marcel Selhorst <tpmdd@selhorst.net>
Cc: Sirrix AG <tpmdd@sirrix.com>
Cc: tpmdd-devel@lists.sourceforge.net
Powerpc is a mess of implicit includes by prom.h. Add the necessary
explicit includes to drivers in preparation of prom.h cleanup.
Signed-off-by: Rob Herring <rob.herring@calxeda.com>
Acked-by: Grant Likely <grant.likely@linaro.org>
Driver core clears the driver data to NULL after device_release
or on probe failure, so just remove it from here.
Signed-off-by: Michal Simek <michal.simek@xilinx.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
We need/want the mei fixes in here so we can apply other updates that
are depending on them.
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
This change improves code readability & is less error-prone.
For example: case adding more error paths one should remember to call 'mutex_unlock'
Signed-off-by: Elad Wexler <elad.wexler@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Casting the return value which is a void pointer is redundant.
The conversion from void pointer to any other pointer type is
guaranteed by the C programming language.
Signed-off-by: Jingoo Han <jg1.han@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
fixmem32 is assigned to address of res->data member
so the address is always valid
Actually since we are not checking for res != NULL
static analyzing is complaining about referencing the pointer
and consequent check for null.
The code snippet looks confusing also for human eyes.
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Tomas Winkler <tomas.winkler@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
- Fix PV spinlocks triggering jump_label code bug
- Remove extraneous code in the tpm front driver
- Fix ballooning out of pages when non-preemptible
- Fix deadlock when using a 32-bit initial domain with large amount of memory.
- Add xen_nopvpsin parameter to the documentation
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Merge tag 'stable/for-linus-3.12-rc2-tag' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/xen/tip
Pull Xen fixes from Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk:
"Bug-fixes and one update to the kernel-paramters.txt documentation.
- Fix PV spinlocks triggering jump_label code bug
- Remove extraneous code in the tpm front driver
- Fix ballooning out of pages when non-preemptible
- Fix deadlock when using a 32-bit initial domain with large amount
of memory
- Add xen_nopvpsin parameter to the documentation"
* tag 'stable/for-linus-3.12-rc2-tag' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/xen/tip:
xen/spinlock: Document the xen_nopvspin parameter.
xen/p2m: check MFN is in range before using the m2p table
xen/balloon: don't alloc page while non-preemptible
xen: Do not enable spinlocks before jump_label_init() has executed
tpm: xen-tpmfront: Remove the locality sysfs attribute
tpm: xen-tpmfront: Fix default durations
