perf auxtrace: Add compat_auxtrace_mmap__{read_head|write_tail}

When perf runs in compat mode (kernel in 64-bit mode and the perf is in
32-bit mode), the 64-bit value atomicity in the user space cannot be
assured, E.g. on some architectures, the 64-bit value accessing is split
into two instructions, one is for the low 32-bit word accessing and
another is for the high 32-bit word.

This patch introduces weak functions compat_auxtrace_mmap__read_head()
and compat_auxtrace_mmap__write_tail(), as their naming indicates, when
perf tool works in compat mode, it uses these two functions to access
the AUX head and tail.  These two functions can allow the perf tool to
work properly in certain conditions, e.g. when perf tool works in
snapshot mode with only using AUX head pointer, or perf tool uses the
AUX buffer and the incremented tail is not bigger than 4GB.

When perf tool cannot handle the case when the AUX tail is bigger than
4GB, the function compat_auxtrace_mmap__write_tail() returns -1 and
tells the caller to bail out for the error.

These two functions are declared as weak attribute, this allows to
implement arch specific functions if any arch can support the 64-bit
value atomicity in compat mode.

Suggested-by: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Leo Yan <leo.yan@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: James Clark <james.clark@arm.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: John Garry <john.garry@huawei.com>
Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Cc: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
Cc: Mike Leach <mike.leach@linaro.org>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: "Russell King (oracle)" <linux@armlinux.org.uk>
Cc: Suzuki Poulouse <suzuki.poulose@arm.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Cc: coresight@lists.linaro.org
Cc: linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org
Link: http://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20210829102238.19693-2-leo.yan@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

tools/perf/util/auxtrace.c

@@ -1669,6 +1669,82 @@ int perf_event__process_auxtrace_error(struct perf_session *session,
 	return 0;
 }
 
+/*
+ * In the compat mode kernel runs in 64-bit and perf tool runs in 32-bit mode,
+ * 32-bit perf tool cannot access 64-bit value atomically, which might lead to
+ * the issues caused by the below sequence on multiple CPUs: when perf tool
+ * accesses either the load operation or the store operation for 64-bit value,
+ * on some architectures the operation is divided into two instructions, one
+ * is for accessing the low 32-bit value and another is for the high 32-bit;
+ * thus these two user operations can give the kernel chances to access the
+ * 64-bit value, and thus leads to the unexpected load values.
+ *
+ *   kernel (64-bit)                        user (32-bit)
+ *
+ *   if (LOAD ->aux_tail) { --,             LOAD ->aux_head_lo
+ *       STORE $aux_data      |       ,--->
+ *       FLUSH $aux_data      |       |     LOAD ->aux_head_hi
+ *       STORE ->aux_head   --|-------`     smp_rmb()
+ *   }                        |             LOAD $data
+ *                            |             smp_mb()
+ *                            |             STORE ->aux_tail_lo
+ *                            `----------->
+ *                                          STORE ->aux_tail_hi
+ *
+ * For this reason, it's impossible for the perf tool to work correctly when
+ * the AUX head or tail is bigger than 4GB (more than 32 bits length); and we
+ * can not simply limit the AUX ring buffer to less than 4GB, the reason is
+ * the pointers can be increased monotonically, whatever the buffer size it is,
+ * at the end the head and tail can be bigger than 4GB and carry out to the
+ * high 32-bit.
+ *
+ * To mitigate the issues and improve the user experience, we can allow the
+ * perf tool working in certain conditions and bail out with error if detect
+ * any overflow cannot be handled.
+ *
+ * For reading the AUX head, it reads out the values for three times, and
+ * compares the high 4 bytes of the values between the first time and the last
+ * time, if there has no change for high 4 bytes injected by the kernel during
+ * the user reading sequence, it's safe for use the second value.
+ *
+ * When compat_auxtrace_mmap__write_tail() detects any carrying in the high
+ * 32 bits, it means there have two store operations in user space and it cannot
+ * promise the atomicity for 64-bit write, so return '-1' in this case to tell
+ * the caller an overflow error has happened.
+ */
+u64 __weak compat_auxtrace_mmap__read_head(struct auxtrace_mmap *mm)
+{
+	struct perf_event_mmap_page *pc = mm->userpg;
+	u64 first, second, last;
+	u64 mask = (u64)(UINT32_MAX) << 32;
+
+	do {
+		first = READ_ONCE(pc->aux_head);
+		/* Ensure all reads are done after we read the head */
+		smp_rmb();
+		second = READ_ONCE(pc->aux_head);
+		/* Ensure all reads are done after we read the head */
+		smp_rmb();
+		last = READ_ONCE(pc->aux_head);
+	} while ((first & mask) != (last & mask));
+
+	return second;
+}
+
+int __weak compat_auxtrace_mmap__write_tail(struct auxtrace_mmap *mm, u64 tail)
+{
+	struct perf_event_mmap_page *pc = mm->userpg;
+	u64 mask = (u64)(UINT32_MAX) << 32;
+
+	if (tail & mask)
+		return -1;
+
+	/* Ensure all reads are done before we write the tail out */
+	smp_mb();
+	WRITE_ONCE(pc->aux_tail, tail);
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static int __auxtrace_mmap__read(struct mmap *map,
 				 struct auxtrace_record *itr,
 				 struct perf_tool *tool, process_auxtrace_t fn,
@@ -1680,8 +1756,9 @@ static int __auxtrace_mmap__read(struct mmap *map,
 	size_t size, head_off, old_off, len1, len2, padding;
 	union perf_event ev;
 	void *data1, *data2;
+	int kernel_is_64_bit = perf_env__kernel_is_64_bit(evsel__env(NULL));
 
-	head = auxtrace_mmap__read_head(mm);
+	head = auxtrace_mmap__read_head(mm, kernel_is_64_bit);
 
 	if (snapshot &&
 	    auxtrace_record__find_snapshot(itr, mm->idx, mm, data, &head, &old))
@@ -1764,10 +1841,13 @@ static int __auxtrace_mmap__read(struct mmap *map,
 	mm->prev = head;
 
 	if (!snapshot) {
-		auxtrace_mmap__write_tail(mm, head);
-		if (itr->read_finish) {
-			int err;
+		int err;
 
+		err = auxtrace_mmap__write_tail(mm, head, kernel_is_64_bit);
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
+
+		if (itr->read_finish) {
 			err = itr->read_finish(itr, mm->idx);
 			if (err < 0)
 				return err;

tools/perf/util/auxtrace.h

@@ -440,23 +440,39 @@ struct auxtrace_cache;
 
 #ifdef HAVE_AUXTRACE_SUPPORT
 
-static inline u64 auxtrace_mmap__read_head(struct auxtrace_mmap *mm)
+u64 compat_auxtrace_mmap__read_head(struct auxtrace_mmap *mm);
+int compat_auxtrace_mmap__write_tail(struct auxtrace_mmap *mm, u64 tail);
+
+static inline u64 auxtrace_mmap__read_head(struct auxtrace_mmap *mm,
+					   int kernel_is_64_bit __maybe_unused)
 {
 	struct perf_event_mmap_page *pc = mm->userpg;
-	u64 head = READ_ONCE(pc->aux_head);
+	u64 head;
+
+#if BITS_PER_LONG == 32
+	if (kernel_is_64_bit)
+		return compat_auxtrace_mmap__read_head(mm);
+#endif
+	head = READ_ONCE(pc->aux_head);
 
 	/* Ensure all reads are done after we read the head */
 	smp_rmb();
 	return head;
 }
 
-static inline void auxtrace_mmap__write_tail(struct auxtrace_mmap *mm, u64 tail)
+static inline int auxtrace_mmap__write_tail(struct auxtrace_mmap *mm, u64 tail,
+					    int kernel_is_64_bit __maybe_unused)
 {
 	struct perf_event_mmap_page *pc = mm->userpg;
 
+#if BITS_PER_LONG == 32
+	if (kernel_is_64_bit)
+		return compat_auxtrace_mmap__write_tail(mm, tail);
+#endif
 	/* Ensure all reads are done before we write the tail out */
 	smp_mb();
 	WRITE_ONCE(pc->aux_tail, tail);
+	return 0;
 }
 
 int auxtrace_mmap__mmap(struct auxtrace_mmap *mm,