iommufd: Add a selftest

Cover the essential functionality of the iommufd with a directed test from
userspace. This aims to achieve reasonable functional coverage using the
in-kernel self test framework.

A second test does a failure injection sweep of the success paths to study
error unwind behaviors.

This allows achieving high coverage of the corner cases in pages.c.

The selftest requires CONFIG_IOMMUFD_TEST to be enabled, and several huge
pages which may require:

  echo 4 > /proc/sys/vm/nr_hugepages

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/19-v6-a196d26f289e+11787-iommufd_jgg@nvidia.com
Tested-by: Nicolin Chen <nicolinc@nvidia.com>
Tested-by: Matthew Rosato <mjrosato@linux.ibm.com> # s390
Tested-by: Yi Liu <yi.l.liu@intel.com>
Tested-by: Eric Auger <eric.auger@redhat.com> # aarch64
Signed-off-by: Nicolin Chen <nicolinc@nvidia.com>
Signed-off-by: Yi Liu <yi.l.liu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com>

tools/testing/selftests/Makefile

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ TARGETS += ftrace
 TARGETS += futex
 TARGETS += gpio
 TARGETS += intel_pstate
+TARGETS += iommu
 TARGETS += ipc
 TARGETS += ir
 TARGETS += kcmp

tools/testing/selftests/iommu/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+/iommufd
+/iommufd_fail_nth

tools/testing/selftests/iommu/Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+CFLAGS += -Wall -O2 -Wno-unused-function
+CFLAGS += -I../../../../include/uapi/
+CFLAGS += -I../../../../include/
+
+CFLAGS += -D_GNU_SOURCE
+
+TEST_GEN_PROGS :=
+TEST_GEN_PROGS += iommufd
+TEST_GEN_PROGS += iommufd_fail_nth
+
+include ../lib.mk

tools/testing/selftests/iommu/config

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+CONFIG_IOMMUFD
+CONFIG_IOMMUFD_TEST

tools/testing/selftests/iommu/iommufd_fail_nth.c

@@ -0,0 +1,580 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+/* Copyright (c) 2021-2022, NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES
+ *
+ * These tests are "kernel integrity" tests. They are looking for kernel
+ * WARN/OOPS/kasn/etc splats triggered by kernel sanitizers & debugging
+ * features. It does not attempt to verify that the system calls are doing what
+ * they are supposed to do.
+ *
+ * The basic philosophy is to run a sequence of calls that will succeed and then
+ * sweep every failure injection point on that call chain to look for
+ * interesting things in error handling.
+ *
+ * This test is best run with:
+ *  echo 1 > /proc/sys/kernel/panic_on_warn
+ * If something is actually going wrong.
+ */
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <dirent.h>
+
+#define __EXPORTED_HEADERS__
+#include <linux/vfio.h>
+
+#include "iommufd_utils.h"
+
+static bool have_fault_injection;
+
+static int writeat(int dfd, const char *fn, const char *val)
+{
+	size_t val_len = strlen(val);
+	ssize_t res;
+	int fd;
+
+	fd = openat(dfd, fn, O_WRONLY);
+	if (fd == -1)
+		return -1;
+	res = write(fd, val, val_len);
+	assert(res == val_len);
+	close(fd);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static __attribute__((constructor)) void setup_buffer(void)
+{
+	BUFFER_SIZE = 2*1024*1024;
+
+	buffer = mmap(0, BUFFER_SIZE, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
+		      MAP_SHARED | MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * This sets up fail_injection in a way that is useful for this test.
+ * It does not attempt to restore things back to how they were.
+ */
+static __attribute__((constructor)) void setup_fault_injection(void)
+{
+	DIR *debugfs = opendir("/sys/kernel/debug/");
+	struct dirent *dent;
+
+	if (!debugfs)
+		return;
+
+	/* Allow any allocation call to be fault injected */
+	if (writeat(dirfd(debugfs), "failslab/ignore-gfp-wait", "N"))
+		return;
+	writeat(dirfd(debugfs), "fail_page_alloc/ignore-gfp-wait", "N");
+	writeat(dirfd(debugfs), "fail_page_alloc/ignore-gfp-highmem", "N");
+
+	while ((dent = readdir(debugfs))) {
+		char fn[300];
+
+		if (strncmp(dent->d_name, "fail", 4) != 0)
+			continue;
+
+		/* We are looking for kernel splats, quiet down the log */
+		snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn), "%s/verbose", dent->d_name);
+		writeat(dirfd(debugfs), fn, "0");
+	}
+	closedir(debugfs);
+	have_fault_injection = true;
+}
+
+struct fail_nth_state {
+	int proc_fd;
+	unsigned int iteration;
+};
+
+static void fail_nth_first(struct __test_metadata *_metadata,
+			   struct fail_nth_state *nth_state)
+{
+	char buf[300];
+
+	snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/proc/self/task/%u/fail-nth", getpid());
+	nth_state->proc_fd = open(buf, O_RDWR);
+	ASSERT_NE(-1, nth_state->proc_fd);
+}
+
+static bool fail_nth_next(struct __test_metadata *_metadata,
+			  struct fail_nth_state *nth_state,
+			  int test_result)
+{
+	static const char disable_nth[] = "0";
+	char buf[300];
+
+	/*
+	 * This is just an arbitrary limit based on the current kernel
+	 * situation. Changes in the kernel can dramtically change the number of
+	 * required fault injection sites, so if this hits it doesn't
+	 * necessarily mean a test failure, just that the limit has to be made
+	 * bigger.
+	 */
+	ASSERT_GT(400, nth_state->iteration);
+	if (nth_state->iteration != 0) {
+		ssize_t res;
+		ssize_t res2;
+
+		buf[0] = 0;
+		/*
+		 * Annoyingly disabling the nth can also fail. This means
+		 * the test passed without triggering failure
+		 */
+		res = pread(nth_state->proc_fd, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
+		if (res == -1 && errno == EFAULT) {
+			buf[0] = '1';
+			buf[1] = '\n';
+			res = 2;
+		}
+
+		res2 = pwrite(nth_state->proc_fd, disable_nth,
+			      ARRAY_SIZE(disable_nth) - 1, 0);
+		if (res2 == -1 && errno == EFAULT) {
+			res2 = pwrite(nth_state->proc_fd, disable_nth,
+				      ARRAY_SIZE(disable_nth) - 1, 0);
+			buf[0] = '1';
+			buf[1] = '\n';
+		}
+		ASSERT_EQ(ARRAY_SIZE(disable_nth) - 1, res2);
+
+		/* printf("  nth %u result=%d nth=%u\n", nth_state->iteration,
+		       test_result, atoi(buf)); */
+		fflush(stdout);
+		ASSERT_LT(1, res);
+		if (res != 2 || buf[0] != '0' || buf[1] != '\n')
+			return false;
+	} else {
+		/* printf("  nth %u result=%d\n", nth_state->iteration,
+		       test_result); */
+	}
+	nth_state->iteration++;
+	return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This is called during the test to start failure injection. It allows the test
+ * to do some setup that has already been swept and thus reduce the required
+ * iterations.
+ */
+void __fail_nth_enable(struct __test_metadata *_metadata,
+		       struct fail_nth_state *nth_state)
+{
+	char buf[300];
+	size_t len;
+
+	if (!nth_state->iteration)
+		return;
+
+	len = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%u", nth_state->iteration);
+	ASSERT_EQ(len, pwrite(nth_state->proc_fd, buf, len, 0));
+}
+#define fail_nth_enable() __fail_nth_enable(_metadata, _nth_state)
+
+#define TEST_FAIL_NTH(fixture_name, name)                                           \
+	static int test_nth_##name(struct __test_metadata *_metadata,               \
+				   FIXTURE_DATA(fixture_name) *self,                \
+				   const FIXTURE_VARIANT(fixture_name)              \
+					   *variant,                                \
+				   struct fail_nth_state *_nth_state);              \
+	TEST_F(fixture_name, name)                                                  \
+	{                                                                           \
+		struct fail_nth_state nth_state = {};                               \
+		int test_result = 0;                                                \
+										    \
+		if (!have_fault_injection)                                          \
+			SKIP(return,                                                \
+				   "fault injection is not enabled in the kernel"); \
+		fail_nth_first(_metadata, &nth_state);                              \
+		ASSERT_EQ(0, test_nth_##name(_metadata, self, variant,              \
+					     &nth_state));                          \
+		while (fail_nth_next(_metadata, &nth_state, test_result)) {         \
+			fixture_name##_teardown(_metadata, self, variant);          \
+			fixture_name##_setup(_metadata, self, variant);             \
+			test_result = test_nth_##name(_metadata, self,              \
+						      variant, &nth_state);         \
+		};                                                                  \
+		ASSERT_EQ(0, test_result);                                          \
+	}                                                                           \
+	static int test_nth_##name(                                                 \
+		struct __test_metadata __attribute__((unused)) *_metadata,          \
+		FIXTURE_DATA(fixture_name) __attribute__((unused)) *self,           \
+		const FIXTURE_VARIANT(fixture_name) __attribute__((unused))         \
+			*variant,                                                   \
+		struct fail_nth_state *_nth_state)
+
+FIXTURE(basic_fail_nth)
+{
+	int fd;
+	uint32_t access_id;
+};
+
+FIXTURE_SETUP(basic_fail_nth)
+{
+	self->fd = -1;
+	self->access_id = 0;
+}
+
+FIXTURE_TEARDOWN(basic_fail_nth)
+{
+	int rc;
+
+	if (self->access_id) {
+		/* The access FD holds the iommufd open until it closes */
+		rc = _test_cmd_destroy_access(self->access_id);
+		assert(rc == 0);
+	}
+	teardown_iommufd(self->fd, _metadata);
+}
+
+/* Cover ioas.c */
+TEST_FAIL_NTH(basic_fail_nth, basic)
+{
+	struct iommu_iova_range ranges[10];
+	uint32_t ioas_id;
+	__u64 iova;
+
+	fail_nth_enable();
+
+	self->fd = open("/dev/iommu", O_RDWR);
+	if (self->fd == -1)
+		return -1;
+
+	if (_test_ioctl_ioas_alloc(self->fd, &ioas_id))
+		return -1;
+
+	{
+		struct iommu_ioas_iova_ranges ranges_cmd = {
+			.size = sizeof(ranges_cmd),
+			.num_iovas = ARRAY_SIZE(ranges),
+			.ioas_id = ioas_id,
+			.allowed_iovas = (uintptr_t)ranges,
+		};
+		if (ioctl(self->fd, IOMMU_IOAS_IOVA_RANGES, &ranges_cmd))
+			return -1;
+	}
+
+	{
+		struct iommu_ioas_allow_iovas allow_cmd = {
+			.size = sizeof(allow_cmd),
+			.ioas_id = ioas_id,
+			.num_iovas = 1,
+			.allowed_iovas = (uintptr_t)ranges,
+		};
+
+		ranges[0].start = 16*1024;
+		ranges[0].last = BUFFER_SIZE + 16 * 1024 * 600 - 1;
+		if (ioctl(self->fd, IOMMU_IOAS_ALLOW_IOVAS, &allow_cmd))
+			return -1;
+	}
+
+	if (_test_ioctl_ioas_map(self->fd, ioas_id, buffer, BUFFER_SIZE, &iova,
+				 IOMMU_IOAS_MAP_WRITEABLE |
+					 IOMMU_IOAS_MAP_READABLE))
+		return -1;
+
+	{
+		struct iommu_ioas_copy copy_cmd = {
+			.size = sizeof(copy_cmd),
+			.flags = IOMMU_IOAS_MAP_WRITEABLE |
+				 IOMMU_IOAS_MAP_READABLE,
+			.dst_ioas_id = ioas_id,
+			.src_ioas_id = ioas_id,
+			.src_iova = iova,
+			.length = sizeof(ranges),
+		};
+
+		if (ioctl(self->fd, IOMMU_IOAS_COPY, &copy_cmd))
+			return -1;
+	}
+
+	if (_test_ioctl_ioas_unmap(self->fd, ioas_id, iova, BUFFER_SIZE,
+				   NULL))
+		return -1;
+	/* Failure path of no IOVA to unmap */
+	_test_ioctl_ioas_unmap(self->fd, ioas_id, iova, BUFFER_SIZE, NULL);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* iopt_area_fill_domains() and iopt_area_fill_domain() */
+TEST_FAIL_NTH(basic_fail_nth, map_domain)
+{
+	uint32_t ioas_id;
+	__u32 device_id;
+	__u32 hwpt_id;
+	__u64 iova;
+
+	self->fd = open("/dev/iommu", O_RDWR);
+	if (self->fd == -1)
+		return -1;
+
+	if (_test_ioctl_ioas_alloc(self->fd, &ioas_id))
+		return -1;
+
+	if (_test_ioctl_set_temp_memory_limit(self->fd, 32))
+		return -1;
+
+	fail_nth_enable();
+
+	if (_test_cmd_mock_domain(self->fd, ioas_id, &device_id, &hwpt_id))
+		return -1;
+
+	if (_test_ioctl_ioas_map(self->fd, ioas_id, buffer, 262144, &iova,
+				 IOMMU_IOAS_MAP_WRITEABLE |
+					 IOMMU_IOAS_MAP_READABLE))
+		return -1;
+
+	if (_test_ioctl_destroy(self->fd, device_id))
+		return -1;
+	if (_test_ioctl_destroy(self->fd, hwpt_id))
+		return -1;
+
+	if (_test_cmd_mock_domain(self->fd, ioas_id, &device_id, &hwpt_id))
+		return -1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+TEST_FAIL_NTH(basic_fail_nth, map_two_domains)
+{
+	uint32_t ioas_id;
+	__u32 device_id2;
+	__u32 device_id;
+	__u32 hwpt_id2;
+	__u32 hwpt_id;
+	__u64 iova;
+
+	self->fd = open("/dev/iommu", O_RDWR);
+	if (self->fd == -1)
+		return -1;
+
+	if (_test_ioctl_ioas_alloc(self->fd, &ioas_id))
+		return -1;
+
+	if (_test_ioctl_set_temp_memory_limit(self->fd, 32))
+		return -1;
+
+	if (_test_cmd_mock_domain(self->fd, ioas_id, &device_id, &hwpt_id))
+		return -1;
+
+	fail_nth_enable();
+
+	if (_test_cmd_mock_domain(self->fd, ioas_id, &device_id2, &hwpt_id2))
+		return -1;
+
+	if (_test_ioctl_ioas_map(self->fd, ioas_id, buffer, 262144, &iova,
+				 IOMMU_IOAS_MAP_WRITEABLE |
+					 IOMMU_IOAS_MAP_READABLE))
+		return -1;
+
+	if (_test_ioctl_destroy(self->fd, device_id))
+		return -1;
+	if (_test_ioctl_destroy(self->fd, hwpt_id))
+		return -1;
+
+	if (_test_ioctl_destroy(self->fd, device_id2))
+		return -1;
+	if (_test_ioctl_destroy(self->fd, hwpt_id2))
+		return -1;
+
+	if (_test_cmd_mock_domain(self->fd, ioas_id, &device_id, &hwpt_id))
+		return -1;
+	if (_test_cmd_mock_domain(self->fd, ioas_id, &device_id2, &hwpt_id2))
+		return -1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+TEST_FAIL_NTH(basic_fail_nth, access_rw)
+{
+	uint64_t tmp_big[4096];
+	uint32_t ioas_id;
+	uint16_t tmp[32];
+	__u64 iova;
+
+	self->fd = open("/dev/iommu", O_RDWR);
+	if (self->fd == -1)
+		return -1;
+
+	if (_test_ioctl_ioas_alloc(self->fd, &ioas_id))
+		return -1;
+
+	if (_test_ioctl_set_temp_memory_limit(self->fd, 32))
+		return -1;
+
+	if (_test_ioctl_ioas_map(self->fd, ioas_id, buffer, 262144, &iova,
+				 IOMMU_IOAS_MAP_WRITEABLE |
+					 IOMMU_IOAS_MAP_READABLE))
+		return -1;
+
+	fail_nth_enable();
+
+	if (_test_cmd_create_access(self->fd, ioas_id, &self->access_id, 0))
+		return -1;
+
+	{
+		struct iommu_test_cmd access_cmd = {
+			.size = sizeof(access_cmd),
+			.op = IOMMU_TEST_OP_ACCESS_RW,
+			.id = self->access_id,
+			.access_rw = { .iova = iova,
+				       .length = sizeof(tmp),
+				       .uptr = (uintptr_t)tmp },
+		};
+
+		// READ
+		if (ioctl(self->fd, _IOMMU_TEST_CMD(IOMMU_TEST_OP_ACCESS_RW),
+			  &access_cmd))
+			return -1;
+
+		access_cmd.access_rw.flags = MOCK_ACCESS_RW_WRITE;
+		if (ioctl(self->fd, _IOMMU_TEST_CMD(IOMMU_TEST_OP_ACCESS_RW),
+			  &access_cmd))
+			return -1;
+
+		access_cmd.access_rw.flags = MOCK_ACCESS_RW_SLOW_PATH;
+		if (ioctl(self->fd, _IOMMU_TEST_CMD(IOMMU_TEST_OP_ACCESS_RW),
+			  &access_cmd))
+			return -1;
+		access_cmd.access_rw.flags = MOCK_ACCESS_RW_SLOW_PATH |
+					     MOCK_ACCESS_RW_WRITE;
+		if (ioctl(self->fd, _IOMMU_TEST_CMD(IOMMU_TEST_OP_ACCESS_RW),
+			  &access_cmd))
+			return -1;
+	}
+
+	{
+		struct iommu_test_cmd access_cmd = {
+			.size = sizeof(access_cmd),
+			.op = IOMMU_TEST_OP_ACCESS_RW,
+			.id = self->access_id,
+			.access_rw = { .iova = iova,
+				       .flags = MOCK_ACCESS_RW_SLOW_PATH,
+				       .length = sizeof(tmp_big),
+				       .uptr = (uintptr_t)tmp_big },
+		};
+
+		if (ioctl(self->fd, _IOMMU_TEST_CMD(IOMMU_TEST_OP_ACCESS_RW),
+			  &access_cmd))
+			return -1;
+	}
+	if (_test_cmd_destroy_access(self->access_id))
+		return -1;
+	self->access_id = 0;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* pages.c access functions */
+TEST_FAIL_NTH(basic_fail_nth, access_pin)
+{
+	uint32_t access_pages_id;
+	uint32_t ioas_id;
+	__u64 iova;
+
+	self->fd = open("/dev/iommu", O_RDWR);
+	if (self->fd == -1)
+		return -1;
+
+	if (_test_ioctl_ioas_alloc(self->fd, &ioas_id))
+		return -1;
+
+	if (_test_ioctl_set_temp_memory_limit(self->fd, 32))
+		return -1;
+
+	if (_test_ioctl_ioas_map(self->fd, ioas_id, buffer, BUFFER_SIZE, &iova,
+				 IOMMU_IOAS_MAP_WRITEABLE |
+					 IOMMU_IOAS_MAP_READABLE))
+		return -1;
+
+	if (_test_cmd_create_access(self->fd, ioas_id, &self->access_id,
+				    MOCK_FLAGS_ACCESS_CREATE_NEEDS_PIN_PAGES))
+		return -1;
+
+	fail_nth_enable();
+
+	{
+		struct iommu_test_cmd access_cmd = {
+			.size = sizeof(access_cmd),
+			.op = IOMMU_TEST_OP_ACCESS_PAGES,
+			.id = self->access_id,
+			.access_pages = { .iova = iova,
+					  .length = BUFFER_SIZE,
+					  .uptr = (uintptr_t)buffer },
+		};
+
+		if (ioctl(self->fd, _IOMMU_TEST_CMD(IOMMU_TEST_OP_ACCESS_RW),
+			  &access_cmd))
+			return -1;
+		access_pages_id = access_cmd.access_pages.out_access_pages_id;
+	}
+
+	if (_test_cmd_destroy_access_pages(self->fd, self->access_id,
+					   access_pages_id))
+		return -1;
+
+	if (_test_cmd_destroy_access(self->access_id))
+		return -1;
+	self->access_id = 0;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* iopt_pages_fill_xarray() */
+TEST_FAIL_NTH(basic_fail_nth, access_pin_domain)
+{
+	uint32_t access_pages_id;
+	uint32_t ioas_id;
+	__u32 device_id;
+	__u32 hwpt_id;
+	__u64 iova;
+
+	self->fd = open("/dev/iommu", O_RDWR);
+	if (self->fd == -1)
+		return -1;
+
+	if (_test_ioctl_ioas_alloc(self->fd, &ioas_id))
+		return -1;
+
+	if (_test_ioctl_set_temp_memory_limit(self->fd, 32))
+		return -1;
+
+	if (_test_cmd_mock_domain(self->fd, ioas_id, &device_id, &hwpt_id))
+		return -1;
+
+	if (_test_ioctl_ioas_map(self->fd, ioas_id, buffer, BUFFER_SIZE, &iova,
+				 IOMMU_IOAS_MAP_WRITEABLE |
+					 IOMMU_IOAS_MAP_READABLE))
+		return -1;
+
+	if (_test_cmd_create_access(self->fd, ioas_id, &self->access_id,
+				    MOCK_FLAGS_ACCESS_CREATE_NEEDS_PIN_PAGES))
+		return -1;
+
+	fail_nth_enable();
+
+	{
+		struct iommu_test_cmd access_cmd = {
+			.size = sizeof(access_cmd),
+			.op = IOMMU_TEST_OP_ACCESS_PAGES,
+			.id = self->access_id,
+			.access_pages = { .iova = iova,
+					  .length = BUFFER_SIZE,
+					  .uptr = (uintptr_t)buffer },
+		};
+
+		if (ioctl(self->fd, _IOMMU_TEST_CMD(IOMMU_TEST_OP_ACCESS_RW),
+			  &access_cmd))
+			return -1;
+		access_pages_id = access_cmd.access_pages.out_access_pages_id;
+	}
+
+	if (_test_cmd_destroy_access_pages(self->fd, self->access_id,
+					   access_pages_id))
+		return -1;
+
+	if (_test_cmd_destroy_access(self->access_id))
+		return -1;
+	self->access_id = 0;
+
+	if (_test_ioctl_destroy(self->fd, device_id))
+		return -1;
+	if (_test_ioctl_destroy(self->fd, hwpt_id))
+		return -1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+TEST_HARNESS_MAIN

tools/testing/selftests/iommu/iommufd_utils.h

@@ -0,0 +1,278 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only */
+/* Copyright (c) 2021-2022, NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES */
+#ifndef __SELFTEST_IOMMUFD_UTILS
+#define __SELFTEST_IOMMUFD_UTILS
+
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <sys/fcntl.h>
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+
+#include "../kselftest_harness.h"
+#include "../../../../drivers/iommu/iommufd/iommufd_test.h"
+
+/* Hack to make assertions more readable */
+#define _IOMMU_TEST_CMD(x) IOMMU_TEST_CMD
+
+static void *buffer;
+static unsigned long BUFFER_SIZE;
+
+/*
+ * Have the kernel check the refcount on pages. I don't know why a freshly
+ * mmap'd anon non-compound page starts out with a ref of 3
+ */
+#define check_refs(_ptr, _length, _refs)                                      \
+	({                                                                    \
+		struct iommu_test_cmd test_cmd = {                            \
+			.size = sizeof(test_cmd),                             \
+			.op = IOMMU_TEST_OP_MD_CHECK_REFS,                    \
+			.check_refs = { .length = _length,                    \
+					.uptr = (uintptr_t)(_ptr),            \
+					.refs = _refs },                      \
+		};                                                            \
+		ASSERT_EQ(0,                                                  \
+			  ioctl(self->fd,                                     \
+				_IOMMU_TEST_CMD(IOMMU_TEST_OP_MD_CHECK_REFS), \
+				&test_cmd));                                  \
+	})
+
+static int _test_cmd_mock_domain(int fd, unsigned int ioas_id, __u32 *device_id,
+				 __u32 *hwpt_id)
+{
+	struct iommu_test_cmd cmd = {
+		.size = sizeof(cmd),
+		.op = IOMMU_TEST_OP_MOCK_DOMAIN,
+		.id = ioas_id,
+		.mock_domain = {},
+	};
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = ioctl(fd, IOMMU_TEST_CMD, &cmd);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+	if (device_id)
+		*device_id = cmd.mock_domain.out_device_id;
+	assert(cmd.id != 0);
+	if (hwpt_id)
+		*hwpt_id = cmd.mock_domain.out_hwpt_id;
+	return 0;
+}
+#define test_cmd_mock_domain(ioas_id, device_id, hwpt_id)                \
+	ASSERT_EQ(0, _test_cmd_mock_domain(self->fd, ioas_id, device_id, \
+					   hwpt_id))
+#define test_err_mock_domain(_errno, ioas_id, device_id, hwpt_id)     \
+	EXPECT_ERRNO(_errno, _test_cmd_mock_domain(self->fd, ioas_id, \
+						   device_id, hwpt_id))
+
+static int _test_cmd_create_access(int fd, unsigned int ioas_id,
+				   __u32 *access_id, unsigned int flags)
+{
+	struct iommu_test_cmd cmd = {
+		.size = sizeof(cmd),
+		.op = IOMMU_TEST_OP_CREATE_ACCESS,
+		.id = ioas_id,
+		.create_access = { .flags = flags },
+	};
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = ioctl(fd, IOMMU_TEST_CMD, &cmd);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+	*access_id = cmd.create_access.out_access_fd;
+	return 0;
+}
+#define test_cmd_create_access(ioas_id, access_id, flags)                  \
+	ASSERT_EQ(0, _test_cmd_create_access(self->fd, ioas_id, access_id, \
+					     flags))
+
+static int _test_cmd_destroy_access(unsigned int access_id)
+{
+	return close(access_id);
+}
+#define test_cmd_destroy_access(access_id) \
+	ASSERT_EQ(0, _test_cmd_destroy_access(access_id))
+
+static int _test_cmd_destroy_access_pages(int fd, unsigned int access_id,
+					  unsigned int access_pages_id)
+{
+	struct iommu_test_cmd cmd = {
+		.size = sizeof(cmd),
+		.op = IOMMU_TEST_OP_DESTROY_ACCESS_PAGES,
+		.id = access_id,
+		.destroy_access_pages = { .access_pages_id = access_pages_id },
+	};
+	return ioctl(fd, IOMMU_TEST_CMD, &cmd);
+}
+#define test_cmd_destroy_access_pages(access_id, access_pages_id)        \
+	ASSERT_EQ(0, _test_cmd_destroy_access_pages(self->fd, access_id, \
+						    access_pages_id))
+#define test_err_destroy_access_pages(_errno, access_id, access_pages_id) \
+	EXPECT_ERRNO(_errno, _test_cmd_destroy_access_pages(              \
+				     self->fd, access_id, access_pages_id))
+
+static int _test_ioctl_destroy(int fd, unsigned int id)
+{
+	struct iommu_destroy cmd = {
+		.size = sizeof(cmd),
+		.id = id,
+	};
+	return ioctl(fd, IOMMU_DESTROY, &cmd);
+}
+#define test_ioctl_destroy(id) ASSERT_EQ(0, _test_ioctl_destroy(self->fd, id))
+
+static int _test_ioctl_ioas_alloc(int fd, __u32 *id)
+{
+	struct iommu_ioas_alloc cmd = {
+		.size = sizeof(cmd),
+	};
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = ioctl(fd, IOMMU_IOAS_ALLOC, &cmd);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+	*id = cmd.out_ioas_id;
+	return 0;
+}
+#define test_ioctl_ioas_alloc(id)                                   \
+	({                                                          \
+		ASSERT_EQ(0, _test_ioctl_ioas_alloc(self->fd, id)); \
+		ASSERT_NE(0, *(id));                                \
+	})
+
+static int _test_ioctl_ioas_map(int fd, unsigned int ioas_id, void *buffer,
+				size_t length, __u64 *iova, unsigned int flags)
+{
+	struct iommu_ioas_map cmd = {
+		.size = sizeof(cmd),
+		.flags = flags,
+		.ioas_id = ioas_id,
+		.user_va = (uintptr_t)buffer,
+		.length = length,
+	};
+	int ret;
+
+	if (flags & IOMMU_IOAS_MAP_FIXED_IOVA)
+		cmd.iova = *iova;
+
+	ret = ioctl(fd, IOMMU_IOAS_MAP, &cmd);
+	*iova = cmd.iova;
+	return ret;
+}
+#define test_ioctl_ioas_map(buffer, length, iova_p)                        \
+	ASSERT_EQ(0, _test_ioctl_ioas_map(self->fd, self->ioas_id, buffer, \
+					  length, iova_p,                  \
+					  IOMMU_IOAS_MAP_WRITEABLE |       \
+						  IOMMU_IOAS_MAP_READABLE))
+
+#define test_err_ioctl_ioas_map(_errno, buffer, length, iova_p)            \
+	EXPECT_ERRNO(_errno,                                               \
+		     _test_ioctl_ioas_map(self->fd, self->ioas_id, buffer, \
+					  length, iova_p,                  \
+					  IOMMU_IOAS_MAP_WRITEABLE |       \
+						  IOMMU_IOAS_MAP_READABLE))
+
+#define test_ioctl_ioas_map_id(ioas_id, buffer, length, iova_p)              \
+	ASSERT_EQ(0, _test_ioctl_ioas_map(self->fd, ioas_id, buffer, length, \
+					  iova_p,                            \
+					  IOMMU_IOAS_MAP_WRITEABLE |         \
+						  IOMMU_IOAS_MAP_READABLE))
+
+#define test_ioctl_ioas_map_fixed(buffer, length, iova)                       \
+	({                                                                    \
+		__u64 __iova = iova;                                          \
+		ASSERT_EQ(0, _test_ioctl_ioas_map(                            \
+				     self->fd, self->ioas_id, buffer, length, \
+				     &__iova,                                 \
+				     IOMMU_IOAS_MAP_FIXED_IOVA |              \
+					     IOMMU_IOAS_MAP_WRITEABLE |       \
+					     IOMMU_IOAS_MAP_READABLE));       \
+	})
+
+#define test_err_ioctl_ioas_map_fixed(_errno, buffer, length, iova)           \
+	({                                                                    \
+		__u64 __iova = iova;                                          \
+		EXPECT_ERRNO(_errno,                                          \
+			     _test_ioctl_ioas_map(                            \
+				     self->fd, self->ioas_id, buffer, length, \
+				     &__iova,                                 \
+				     IOMMU_IOAS_MAP_FIXED_IOVA |              \
+					     IOMMU_IOAS_MAP_WRITEABLE |       \
+					     IOMMU_IOAS_MAP_READABLE));       \
+	})
+
+static int _test_ioctl_ioas_unmap(int fd, unsigned int ioas_id, uint64_t iova,
+				  size_t length, uint64_t *out_len)
+{
+	struct iommu_ioas_unmap cmd = {
+		.size = sizeof(cmd),
+		.ioas_id = ioas_id,
+		.iova = iova,
+		.length = length,
+	};
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = ioctl(fd, IOMMU_IOAS_UNMAP, &cmd);
+	if (out_len)
+		*out_len = cmd.length;
+	return ret;
+}
+#define test_ioctl_ioas_unmap(iova, length)                                \
+	ASSERT_EQ(0, _test_ioctl_ioas_unmap(self->fd, self->ioas_id, iova, \
+					    length, NULL))
+
+#define test_ioctl_ioas_unmap_id(ioas_id, iova, length)                      \
+	ASSERT_EQ(0, _test_ioctl_ioas_unmap(self->fd, ioas_id, iova, length, \
+					    NULL))
+
+#define test_err_ioctl_ioas_unmap(_errno, iova, length)                      \
+	EXPECT_ERRNO(_errno, _test_ioctl_ioas_unmap(self->fd, self->ioas_id, \
+						    iova, length, NULL))
+
+static int _test_ioctl_set_temp_memory_limit(int fd, unsigned int limit)
+{
+	struct iommu_test_cmd memlimit_cmd = {
+		.size = sizeof(memlimit_cmd),
+		.op = IOMMU_TEST_OP_SET_TEMP_MEMORY_LIMIT,
+		.memory_limit = { .limit = limit },
+	};
+
+	return ioctl(fd, _IOMMU_TEST_CMD(IOMMU_TEST_OP_SET_TEMP_MEMORY_LIMIT),
+		     &memlimit_cmd);
+}
+
+#define test_ioctl_set_temp_memory_limit(limit) \
+	ASSERT_EQ(0, _test_ioctl_set_temp_memory_limit(self->fd, limit))
+
+#define test_ioctl_set_default_memory_limit() \
+	test_ioctl_set_temp_memory_limit(65536)
+
+static void teardown_iommufd(int fd, struct __test_metadata *_metadata)
+{
+	struct iommu_test_cmd test_cmd = {
+		.size = sizeof(test_cmd),
+		.op = IOMMU_TEST_OP_MD_CHECK_REFS,
+		.check_refs = { .length = BUFFER_SIZE,
+				.uptr = (uintptr_t)buffer },
+	};
+
+	if (fd == -1)
+		return;
+
+	EXPECT_EQ(0, close(fd));
+
+	fd = open("/dev/iommu", O_RDWR);
+	EXPECT_NE(-1, fd);
+	EXPECT_EQ(0, ioctl(fd, _IOMMU_TEST_CMD(IOMMU_TEST_OP_MD_CHECK_REFS),
+			   &test_cmd));
+	EXPECT_EQ(0, close(fd));
+}
+
+#define EXPECT_ERRNO(expected_errno, cmd)         \
+	({                                        \
+		ASSERT_EQ(-1, cmd);               \
+		EXPECT_EQ(expected_errno, errno); \
+	})
+
+#endif