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License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license. By default all files without license information are under the default license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2. Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0' SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text. This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and Philippe Ombredanne. How this work was done: Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of the use cases: - file had no licensing information it it. - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it, - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information, Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords. The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files. The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s) to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was: - Files considered eligible had to be source code files. - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5 lines of source - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5 lines). All documentation files were explicitly excluded. The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license identifiers to apply. - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was considered to have no license information in it, and the top level COPYING file license applied. For non */uapi/* files that summary was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 11139 and resulted in the first patch in this series. If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930 and resulted in the second patch in this series. - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in it (per prior point). Results summary: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------ GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270 GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17 LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15 GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14 ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5 LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4 LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1 and that resulted in the third patch in this series. - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became the concluded license(s). - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a license but the other didn't, or they both detected different licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred. - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics). - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier, the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later in time. In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so they are related. Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks in about 15000 files. In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the correct identifier. Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch version early this week with: - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected license ids and scores - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+ files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the different types of files to be modified. These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to generate the patches. Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org> Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com> Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-11-01 14:07:57 +00:00
# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
#
# Makefile for the kernel block layer
#
obj-y := bdev.o fops.o bio.o elevator.o blk-core.o blk-sysfs.o \
blk-flush.o blk-settings.o blk-ioc.o blk-map.o \
blk-exec.o blk-merge.o blk-timeout.o \
blk-lib.o blk-mq.o blk-mq-tag.o blk-stat.o \
blk-mq-sysfs.o blk-mq-cpumap.o blk-mq-sched.o ioctl.o \
genhd.o ioprio.o badblocks.o partitions/ blk-rq-qos.o \
block: Add independent access ranges support The Concurrent Positioning Ranges VPD page (for SCSI) and data log page (for ATA) contain parameters describing the set of contiguous LBAs that can be served independently by a single LUN multi-actuator hard-disk. Similarly, a logically defined block device composed of multiple disks can in some cases execute requests directed at different sector ranges in parallel. A dm-linear device aggregating 2 block devices together is an example. This patch implements support for exposing a block device independent access ranges to the user through sysfs to allow optimizing device accesses to increase performance. To describe the set of independent sector ranges of a device (actuators of a multi-actuator HDDs or table entries of a dm-linear device), The type struct blk_independent_access_ranges is introduced. This structure describes the sector ranges using an array of struct blk_independent_access_range structures. This range structure defines the start sector and number of sectors of the access range. The ranges in the array cannot overlap and must contain all sectors within the device capacity. The function disk_set_independent_access_ranges() allows a device driver to signal to the block layer that a device has multiple independent access ranges. In this case, a struct blk_independent_access_ranges is attached to the device request queue by the function disk_set_independent_access_ranges(). The function disk_alloc_independent_access_ranges() is provided for drivers to allocate this structure. struct blk_independent_access_ranges contains kobjects (struct kobject) to expose to the user through sysfs the set of independent access ranges supported by a device. When the device is initialized, sysfs registration of the ranges information is done from blk_register_queue() using the block layer internal function disk_register_independent_access_ranges(). If a driver calls disk_set_independent_access_ranges() for a registered queue, e.g. when a device is revalidated, disk_set_independent_access_ranges() will execute disk_register_independent_access_ranges() to update the sysfs attribute files. The sysfs file structure created starts from the independent_access_ranges sub-directory and contains the start sector and number of sectors of each range, with the information for each range grouped in numbered sub-directories. E.g. for a dual actuator HDD, the user sees: $ tree /sys/block/sdk/queue/independent_access_ranges/ /sys/block/sdk/queue/independent_access_ranges/ |-- 0 | |-- nr_sectors | `-- sector `-- 1 |-- nr_sectors `-- sector For a regular device with a single access range, the independent_access_ranges sysfs directory does not exist. Device revalidation may lead to changes to this structure and to the attribute values. When manipulated, the queue sysfs_lock and sysfs_dir_lock mutexes are held for atomicity, similarly to how the blk-mq and elevator sysfs queue sub-directories are protected. The code related to the management of independent access ranges is added in the new file block/blk-ia-ranges.c. Signed-off-by: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com> Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de> Reviewed-by: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com> Reviewed-by: Keith Busch <kbusch@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20211027022223.183838-2-damien.lemoal@wdc.com Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
2021-10-27 02:22:19 +00:00
disk-events.o blk-ia-ranges.o
obj-$(CONFIG_BOUNCE) += bounce.o
obj-$(CONFIG_BLK_DEV_BSG_COMMON) += bsg.o
obj-$(CONFIG_BLK_DEV_BSGLIB) += bsg-lib.o
obj-$(CONFIG_BLK_CGROUP) += blk-cgroup.o
obj-$(CONFIG_BLK_CGROUP_RWSTAT) += blk-cgroup-rwstat.o
obj-$(CONFIG_BLK_DEV_THROTTLING) += blk-throttle.o
obj-$(CONFIG_BLK_CGROUP_IOPRIO) += blk-ioprio.o
block: introduce blk-iolatency io controller Current IO controllers for the block layer are less than ideal for our use case. The io.max controller is great at hard limiting, but it is not work conserving. This patch introduces io.latency. You provide a latency target for your group and we monitor the io in short windows to make sure we are not exceeding those latency targets. This makes use of the rq-qos infrastructure and works much like the wbt stuff. There are a few differences from wbt - It's bio based, so the latency covers the whole block layer in addition to the actual io. - We will throttle all IO types that comes in here if we need to. - We use the mean latency over the 100ms window. This is because writes can be particularly fast, which could give us a false sense of the impact of other workloads on our protected workload. - By default there's no throttling, we set the queue_depth to INT_MAX so that we can have as many outstanding bio's as we're allowed to. Only at throttle time do we pay attention to the actual queue depth. - We backcharge cgroups for root cg issued IO and induce artificial delays in order to deal with cases like metadata only or swap heavy workloads. In testing this has worked out relatively well. Protected workloads will throttle noisy workloads down to 1 io at time if they are doing normal IO on their own, or induce up to a 1 second delay per syscall if they are doing a lot of root issued IO (metadata/swap IO). Our testing has revolved mostly around our production web servers where we have hhvm (the web server application) in a protected group and everything else in another group. We see slightly higher requests per second (RPS) on the test tier vs the control tier, and much more stable RPS across all machines in the test tier vs the control tier. Another test we run is a slow memory allocator in the unprotected group. Before this would eventually push us into swap and cause the whole box to die and not recover at all. With these patches we see slight RPS drops (usually 10-15%) before the memory consumer is properly killed and things recover within seconds. Signed-off-by: Josef Bacik <jbacik@fb.com> Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
2018-07-03 15:15:01 +00:00
obj-$(CONFIG_BLK_CGROUP_IOLATENCY) += blk-iolatency.o
blkcg: implement blk-iocost This patchset implements IO cost model based work-conserving proportional controller. While io.latency provides the capability to comprehensively prioritize and protect IOs depending on the cgroups, its protection is binary - the lowest latency target cgroup which is suffering is protected at the cost of all others. In many use cases including stacking multiple workload containers in a single system, it's necessary to distribute IO capacity with better granularity. One challenge of controlling IO resources is the lack of trivially observable cost metric. The most common metrics - bandwidth and iops - can be off by orders of magnitude depending on the device type and IO pattern. However, the cost isn't a complete mystery. Given several key attributes, we can make fairly reliable predictions on how expensive a given stream of IOs would be, at least compared to other IO patterns. The function which determines the cost of a given IO is the IO cost model for the device. This controller distributes IO capacity based on the costs estimated by such model. The more accurate the cost model the better but the controller adapts based on IO completion latency and as long as the relative costs across differents IO patterns are consistent and sensible, it'll adapt to the actual performance of the device. Currently, the only implemented cost model is a simple linear one with a few sets of default parameters for different classes of device. This covers most common devices reasonably well. All the infrastructure to tune and add different cost models is already in place and a later patch will also allow using bpf progs for cost models. Please see the top comment in blk-iocost.c and documentation for more details. v2: Rebased on top of RQ_ALLOC_TIME changes and folded in Rik's fix for a divide-by-zero bug in current_hweight() triggered by zero inuse_sum. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Andy Newell <newella@fb.com> Cc: Josef Bacik <jbacik@fb.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
2019-08-28 22:05:58 +00:00
obj-$(CONFIG_BLK_CGROUP_IOCOST) += blk-iocost.o
obj-$(CONFIG_MQ_IOSCHED_DEADLINE) += mq-deadline.o
blk-mq: introduce Kyber multiqueue I/O scheduler The Kyber I/O scheduler is an I/O scheduler for fast devices designed to scale to multiple queues. Users configure only two knobs, the target read and synchronous write latencies, and the scheduler tunes itself to achieve that latency goal. The implementation is based on "tokens", built on top of the scalable bitmap library. Tokens serve as a mechanism for limiting requests. There are two tiers of tokens: queueing tokens and dispatch tokens. A queueing token is required to allocate a request. In fact, these tokens are actually the blk-mq internal scheduler tags, but the scheduler manages the allocation directly in order to implement its policy. Dispatch tokens are device-wide and split up into two scheduling domains: reads vs. writes. Each hardware queue dispatches batches round-robin between the scheduling domains as long as tokens are available for that domain. These tokens can be used as the mechanism to enable various policies. The policy Kyber uses is inspired by active queue management techniques for network routing, similar to blk-wbt. The scheduler monitors latencies and scales the number of dispatch tokens accordingly. Queueing tokens are used to prevent starvation of synchronous requests by asynchronous requests. Various extensions are possible, including better heuristics and ionice support. The new scheduler isn't set as the default yet. Signed-off-by: Omar Sandoval <osandov@fb.com> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
2017-04-14 08:00:02 +00:00
obj-$(CONFIG_MQ_IOSCHED_KYBER) += kyber-iosched.o
bfq-y := bfq-iosched.o bfq-wf2q.o bfq-cgroup.o
obj-$(CONFIG_IOSCHED_BFQ) += bfq.o
obj-$(CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INTEGRITY) += bio-integrity.o blk-integrity.o
obj-$(CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INTEGRITY_T10) += t10-pi.o
obj-$(CONFIG_BLK_MQ_PCI) += blk-mq-pci.o
obj-$(CONFIG_BLK_MQ_VIRTIO) += blk-mq-virtio.o
obj-$(CONFIG_BLK_MQ_RDMA) += blk-mq-rdma.o
obj-$(CONFIG_BLK_DEV_ZONED) += blk-zoned.o
obj-$(CONFIG_BLK_WBT) += blk-wbt.o
obj-$(CONFIG_BLK_DEBUG_FS) += blk-mq-debugfs.o
obj-$(CONFIG_BLK_DEBUG_FS_ZONED)+= blk-mq-debugfs-zoned.o
obj-$(CONFIG_BLK_SED_OPAL) += sed-opal.o
obj-$(CONFIG_BLK_PM) += blk-pm.o
obj-$(CONFIG_BLK_INLINE_ENCRYPTION) += blk-crypto.o blk-crypto-profile.o
obj-$(CONFIG_BLK_INLINE_ENCRYPTION_FALLBACK) += blk-crypto-fallback.o
obj-$(CONFIG_BLOCK_HOLDER_DEPRECATED) += holder.o