linux/mm/page_idle.c

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License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license. By default all files without license information are under the default license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2. Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0' SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text. This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and Philippe Ombredanne. How this work was done: Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of the use cases: - file had no licensing information it it. - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it, - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information, Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords. The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files. The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s) to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was: - Files considered eligible had to be source code files. - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5 lines of source - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5 lines). All documentation files were explicitly excluded. The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license identifiers to apply. - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was considered to have no license information in it, and the top level COPYING file license applied. For non */uapi/* files that summary was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 11139 and resulted in the first patch in this series. If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930 and resulted in the second patch in this series. - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in it (per prior point). Results summary: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------ GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270 GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17 LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15 GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14 ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5 LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4 LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1 and that resulted in the third patch in this series. - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became the concluded license(s). - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a license but the other didn't, or they both detected different licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred. - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics). - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier, the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later in time. In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so they are related. Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks in about 15000 files. In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the correct identifier. Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch version early this week with: - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected license ids and scores - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+ files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the different types of files to be modified. These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to generate the patches. Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org> Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com> Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-11-01 14:07:57 +00:00
// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
mm: introduce idle page tracking Knowing the portion of memory that is not used by a certain application or memory cgroup (idle memory) can be useful for partitioning the system efficiently, e.g. by setting memory cgroup limits appropriately. Currently, the only means to estimate the amount of idle memory provided by the kernel is /proc/PID/{clear_refs,smaps}: the user can clear the access bit for all pages mapped to a particular process by writing 1 to clear_refs, wait for some time, and then count smaps:Referenced. However, this method has two serious shortcomings: - it does not count unmapped file pages - it affects the reclaimer logic To overcome these drawbacks, this patch introduces two new page flags, Idle and Young, and a new sysfs file, /sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap. A page's Idle flag can only be set from userspace by setting bit in /sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap at the offset corresponding to the page, and it is cleared whenever the page is accessed either through page tables (it is cleared in page_referenced() in this case) or using the read(2) system call (mark_page_accessed()). Thus by setting the Idle flag for pages of a particular workload, which can be found e.g. by reading /proc/PID/pagemap, waiting for some time to let the workload access its working set, and then reading the bitmap file, one can estimate the amount of pages that are not used by the workload. The Young page flag is used to avoid interference with the memory reclaimer. A page's Young flag is set whenever the Access bit of a page table entry pointing to the page is cleared by writing to the bitmap file. If page_referenced() is called on a Young page, it will add 1 to its return value, therefore concealing the fact that the Access bit was cleared. Note, since there is no room for extra page flags on 32 bit, this feature uses extended page flags when compiled on 32 bit. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: kpageidle requires an MMU] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: decouple from page-flags rework] Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com> Reviewed-by: Andres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Raghavendra K T <raghavendra.kt@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com> Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com> Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-09-09 22:35:45 +00:00
#include <linux/init.h>
mm: remove include/linux/bootmem.h Move remaining definitions and declarations from include/linux/bootmem.h into include/linux/memblock.h and remove the redundant header. The includes were replaced with the semantic patch below and then semi-automated removal of duplicated '#include <linux/memblock.h> @@ @@ - #include <linux/bootmem.h> + #include <linux/memblock.h> [sfr@canb.auug.org.au: dma-direct: fix up for the removal of linux/bootmem.h] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20181002185342.133d1680@canb.auug.org.au [sfr@canb.auug.org.au: powerpc: fix up for removal of linux/bootmem.h] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20181005161406.73ef8727@canb.auug.org.au [sfr@canb.auug.org.au: x86/kaslr, ACPI/NUMA: fix for linux/bootmem.h removal] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20181008190341.5e396491@canb.auug.org.au Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1536927045-23536-30-git-send-email-rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com Signed-off-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: Chris Zankel <chris@zankel.net> Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Cc: Greentime Hu <green.hu@gmail.com> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: Guan Xuetao <gxt@pku.edu.cn> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: "James E.J. Bottomley" <jejb@parisc-linux.org> Cc: Jonas Bonn <jonas@southpole.se> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Ley Foon Tan <lftan@altera.com> Cc: Mark Salter <msalter@redhat.com> Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com> Cc: Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Michal Simek <monstr@monstr.eu> Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@sifive.com> Cc: Paul Burton <paul.burton@mips.com> Cc: Richard Kuo <rkuo@codeaurora.org> Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at> Cc: Rich Felker <dalias@libc.org> Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk> Cc: Serge Semin <fancer.lancer@gmail.com> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com> Cc: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.sourceforge.jp> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2018-10-30 22:09:49 +00:00
#include <linux/memblock.h>
mm: introduce idle page tracking Knowing the portion of memory that is not used by a certain application or memory cgroup (idle memory) can be useful for partitioning the system efficiently, e.g. by setting memory cgroup limits appropriately. Currently, the only means to estimate the amount of idle memory provided by the kernel is /proc/PID/{clear_refs,smaps}: the user can clear the access bit for all pages mapped to a particular process by writing 1 to clear_refs, wait for some time, and then count smaps:Referenced. However, this method has two serious shortcomings: - it does not count unmapped file pages - it affects the reclaimer logic To overcome these drawbacks, this patch introduces two new page flags, Idle and Young, and a new sysfs file, /sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap. A page's Idle flag can only be set from userspace by setting bit in /sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap at the offset corresponding to the page, and it is cleared whenever the page is accessed either through page tables (it is cleared in page_referenced() in this case) or using the read(2) system call (mark_page_accessed()). Thus by setting the Idle flag for pages of a particular workload, which can be found e.g. by reading /proc/PID/pagemap, waiting for some time to let the workload access its working set, and then reading the bitmap file, one can estimate the amount of pages that are not used by the workload. The Young page flag is used to avoid interference with the memory reclaimer. A page's Young flag is set whenever the Access bit of a page table entry pointing to the page is cleared by writing to the bitmap file. If page_referenced() is called on a Young page, it will add 1 to its return value, therefore concealing the fact that the Access bit was cleared. Note, since there is no room for extra page flags on 32 bit, this feature uses extended page flags when compiled on 32 bit. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: kpageidle requires an MMU] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: decouple from page-flags rework] Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com> Reviewed-by: Andres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Raghavendra K T <raghavendra.kt@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com> Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com> Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-09-09 22:35:45 +00:00
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/sysfs.h>
#include <linux/kobject.h>
#include <linux/memory_hotplug.h>
mm: introduce idle page tracking Knowing the portion of memory that is not used by a certain application or memory cgroup (idle memory) can be useful for partitioning the system efficiently, e.g. by setting memory cgroup limits appropriately. Currently, the only means to estimate the amount of idle memory provided by the kernel is /proc/PID/{clear_refs,smaps}: the user can clear the access bit for all pages mapped to a particular process by writing 1 to clear_refs, wait for some time, and then count smaps:Referenced. However, this method has two serious shortcomings: - it does not count unmapped file pages - it affects the reclaimer logic To overcome these drawbacks, this patch introduces two new page flags, Idle and Young, and a new sysfs file, /sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap. A page's Idle flag can only be set from userspace by setting bit in /sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap at the offset corresponding to the page, and it is cleared whenever the page is accessed either through page tables (it is cleared in page_referenced() in this case) or using the read(2) system call (mark_page_accessed()). Thus by setting the Idle flag for pages of a particular workload, which can be found e.g. by reading /proc/PID/pagemap, waiting for some time to let the workload access its working set, and then reading the bitmap file, one can estimate the amount of pages that are not used by the workload. The Young page flag is used to avoid interference with the memory reclaimer. A page's Young flag is set whenever the Access bit of a page table entry pointing to the page is cleared by writing to the bitmap file. If page_referenced() is called on a Young page, it will add 1 to its return value, therefore concealing the fact that the Access bit was cleared. Note, since there is no room for extra page flags on 32 bit, this feature uses extended page flags when compiled on 32 bit. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: kpageidle requires an MMU] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: decouple from page-flags rework] Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com> Reviewed-by: Andres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Raghavendra K T <raghavendra.kt@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com> Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com> Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-09-09 22:35:45 +00:00
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/mmzone.h>
#include <linux/pagemap.h>
#include <linux/rmap.h>
#include <linux/mmu_notifier.h>
#include <linux/page_ext.h>
#include <linux/page_idle.h>
#include "internal.h"
mm: introduce idle page tracking Knowing the portion of memory that is not used by a certain application or memory cgroup (idle memory) can be useful for partitioning the system efficiently, e.g. by setting memory cgroup limits appropriately. Currently, the only means to estimate the amount of idle memory provided by the kernel is /proc/PID/{clear_refs,smaps}: the user can clear the access bit for all pages mapped to a particular process by writing 1 to clear_refs, wait for some time, and then count smaps:Referenced. However, this method has two serious shortcomings: - it does not count unmapped file pages - it affects the reclaimer logic To overcome these drawbacks, this patch introduces two new page flags, Idle and Young, and a new sysfs file, /sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap. A page's Idle flag can only be set from userspace by setting bit in /sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap at the offset corresponding to the page, and it is cleared whenever the page is accessed either through page tables (it is cleared in page_referenced() in this case) or using the read(2) system call (mark_page_accessed()). Thus by setting the Idle flag for pages of a particular workload, which can be found e.g. by reading /proc/PID/pagemap, waiting for some time to let the workload access its working set, and then reading the bitmap file, one can estimate the amount of pages that are not used by the workload. The Young page flag is used to avoid interference with the memory reclaimer. A page's Young flag is set whenever the Access bit of a page table entry pointing to the page is cleared by writing to the bitmap file. If page_referenced() is called on a Young page, it will add 1 to its return value, therefore concealing the fact that the Access bit was cleared. Note, since there is no room for extra page flags on 32 bit, this feature uses extended page flags when compiled on 32 bit. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: kpageidle requires an MMU] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: decouple from page-flags rework] Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com> Reviewed-by: Andres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Raghavendra K T <raghavendra.kt@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com> Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com> Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-09-09 22:35:45 +00:00
#define BITMAP_CHUNK_SIZE sizeof(u64)
#define BITMAP_CHUNK_BITS (BITMAP_CHUNK_SIZE * BITS_PER_BYTE)
/*
* Idle page tracking only considers user memory pages, for other types of
* pages the idle flag is always unset and an attempt to set it is silently
* ignored.
*
* We treat a page as a user memory page if it is on an LRU list, because it is
* always safe to pass such a page to rmap_walk(), which is essential for idle
* page tracking. With such an indicator of user pages we can skip isolated
* pages, but since there are not usually many of them, it will hardly affect
* the overall result.
*
* This function tries to get a user memory page by pfn as described above.
*/
static struct page *page_idle_get_page(unsigned long pfn)
{
struct page *page = pfn_to_online_page(pfn);
mm: introduce idle page tracking Knowing the portion of memory that is not used by a certain application or memory cgroup (idle memory) can be useful for partitioning the system efficiently, e.g. by setting memory cgroup limits appropriately. Currently, the only means to estimate the amount of idle memory provided by the kernel is /proc/PID/{clear_refs,smaps}: the user can clear the access bit for all pages mapped to a particular process by writing 1 to clear_refs, wait for some time, and then count smaps:Referenced. However, this method has two serious shortcomings: - it does not count unmapped file pages - it affects the reclaimer logic To overcome these drawbacks, this patch introduces two new page flags, Idle and Young, and a new sysfs file, /sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap. A page's Idle flag can only be set from userspace by setting bit in /sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap at the offset corresponding to the page, and it is cleared whenever the page is accessed either through page tables (it is cleared in page_referenced() in this case) or using the read(2) system call (mark_page_accessed()). Thus by setting the Idle flag for pages of a particular workload, which can be found e.g. by reading /proc/PID/pagemap, waiting for some time to let the workload access its working set, and then reading the bitmap file, one can estimate the amount of pages that are not used by the workload. The Young page flag is used to avoid interference with the memory reclaimer. A page's Young flag is set whenever the Access bit of a page table entry pointing to the page is cleared by writing to the bitmap file. If page_referenced() is called on a Young page, it will add 1 to its return value, therefore concealing the fact that the Access bit was cleared. Note, since there is no room for extra page flags on 32 bit, this feature uses extended page flags when compiled on 32 bit. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: kpageidle requires an MMU] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: decouple from page-flags rework] Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com> Reviewed-by: Andres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Raghavendra K T <raghavendra.kt@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com> Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com> Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-09-09 22:35:45 +00:00
if (!page || !PageLRU(page) ||
!get_page_unless_zero(page))
return NULL;
if (unlikely(!PageLRU(page))) {
put_page(page);
page = NULL;
}
return page;
}
static bool page_idle_clear_pte_refs_one(struct folio *folio,
mm: introduce idle page tracking Knowing the portion of memory that is not used by a certain application or memory cgroup (idle memory) can be useful for partitioning the system efficiently, e.g. by setting memory cgroup limits appropriately. Currently, the only means to estimate the amount of idle memory provided by the kernel is /proc/PID/{clear_refs,smaps}: the user can clear the access bit for all pages mapped to a particular process by writing 1 to clear_refs, wait for some time, and then count smaps:Referenced. However, this method has two serious shortcomings: - it does not count unmapped file pages - it affects the reclaimer logic To overcome these drawbacks, this patch introduces two new page flags, Idle and Young, and a new sysfs file, /sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap. A page's Idle flag can only be set from userspace by setting bit in /sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap at the offset corresponding to the page, and it is cleared whenever the page is accessed either through page tables (it is cleared in page_referenced() in this case) or using the read(2) system call (mark_page_accessed()). Thus by setting the Idle flag for pages of a particular workload, which can be found e.g. by reading /proc/PID/pagemap, waiting for some time to let the workload access its working set, and then reading the bitmap file, one can estimate the amount of pages that are not used by the workload. The Young page flag is used to avoid interference with the memory reclaimer. A page's Young flag is set whenever the Access bit of a page table entry pointing to the page is cleared by writing to the bitmap file. If page_referenced() is called on a Young page, it will add 1 to its return value, therefore concealing the fact that the Access bit was cleared. Note, since there is no room for extra page flags on 32 bit, this feature uses extended page flags when compiled on 32 bit. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: kpageidle requires an MMU] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: decouple from page-flags rework] Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com> Reviewed-by: Andres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Raghavendra K T <raghavendra.kt@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com> Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com> Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-09-09 22:35:45 +00:00
struct vm_area_struct *vma,
unsigned long addr, void *arg)
{
DEFINE_FOLIO_VMA_WALK(pvmw, folio, vma, addr, 0);
mm: introduce idle page tracking Knowing the portion of memory that is not used by a certain application or memory cgroup (idle memory) can be useful for partitioning the system efficiently, e.g. by setting memory cgroup limits appropriately. Currently, the only means to estimate the amount of idle memory provided by the kernel is /proc/PID/{clear_refs,smaps}: the user can clear the access bit for all pages mapped to a particular process by writing 1 to clear_refs, wait for some time, and then count smaps:Referenced. However, this method has two serious shortcomings: - it does not count unmapped file pages - it affects the reclaimer logic To overcome these drawbacks, this patch introduces two new page flags, Idle and Young, and a new sysfs file, /sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap. A page's Idle flag can only be set from userspace by setting bit in /sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap at the offset corresponding to the page, and it is cleared whenever the page is accessed either through page tables (it is cleared in page_referenced() in this case) or using the read(2) system call (mark_page_accessed()). Thus by setting the Idle flag for pages of a particular workload, which can be found e.g. by reading /proc/PID/pagemap, waiting for some time to let the workload access its working set, and then reading the bitmap file, one can estimate the amount of pages that are not used by the workload. The Young page flag is used to avoid interference with the memory reclaimer. A page's Young flag is set whenever the Access bit of a page table entry pointing to the page is cleared by writing to the bitmap file. If page_referenced() is called on a Young page, it will add 1 to its return value, therefore concealing the fact that the Access bit was cleared. Note, since there is no room for extra page flags on 32 bit, this feature uses extended page flags when compiled on 32 bit. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: kpageidle requires an MMU] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: decouple from page-flags rework] Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com> Reviewed-by: Andres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Raghavendra K T <raghavendra.kt@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com> Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com> Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-09-09 22:35:45 +00:00
bool referenced = false;
while (page_vma_mapped_walk(&pvmw)) {
addr = pvmw.address;
if (pvmw.pte) {
/*
* For PTE-mapped THP, one sub page is referenced,
* the whole THP is referenced.
*/
if (ptep_clear_young_notify(vma, addr, pvmw.pte))
referenced = true;
} else if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE)) {
if (pmdp_clear_young_notify(vma, addr, pvmw.pmd))
referenced = true;
} else {
/* unexpected pmd-mapped page? */
WARN_ON_ONCE(1);
}
mm: introduce idle page tracking Knowing the portion of memory that is not used by a certain application or memory cgroup (idle memory) can be useful for partitioning the system efficiently, e.g. by setting memory cgroup limits appropriately. Currently, the only means to estimate the amount of idle memory provided by the kernel is /proc/PID/{clear_refs,smaps}: the user can clear the access bit for all pages mapped to a particular process by writing 1 to clear_refs, wait for some time, and then count smaps:Referenced. However, this method has two serious shortcomings: - it does not count unmapped file pages - it affects the reclaimer logic To overcome these drawbacks, this patch introduces two new page flags, Idle and Young, and a new sysfs file, /sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap. A page's Idle flag can only be set from userspace by setting bit in /sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap at the offset corresponding to the page, and it is cleared whenever the page is accessed either through page tables (it is cleared in page_referenced() in this case) or using the read(2) system call (mark_page_accessed()). Thus by setting the Idle flag for pages of a particular workload, which can be found e.g. by reading /proc/PID/pagemap, waiting for some time to let the workload access its working set, and then reading the bitmap file, one can estimate the amount of pages that are not used by the workload. The Young page flag is used to avoid interference with the memory reclaimer. A page's Young flag is set whenever the Access bit of a page table entry pointing to the page is cleared by writing to the bitmap file. If page_referenced() is called on a Young page, it will add 1 to its return value, therefore concealing the fact that the Access bit was cleared. Note, since there is no room for extra page flags on 32 bit, this feature uses extended page flags when compiled on 32 bit. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: kpageidle requires an MMU] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: decouple from page-flags rework] Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com> Reviewed-by: Andres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Raghavendra K T <raghavendra.kt@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com> Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com> Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-09-09 22:35:45 +00:00
}
mm: introduce idle page tracking Knowing the portion of memory that is not used by a certain application or memory cgroup (idle memory) can be useful for partitioning the system efficiently, e.g. by setting memory cgroup limits appropriately. Currently, the only means to estimate the amount of idle memory provided by the kernel is /proc/PID/{clear_refs,smaps}: the user can clear the access bit for all pages mapped to a particular process by writing 1 to clear_refs, wait for some time, and then count smaps:Referenced. However, this method has two serious shortcomings: - it does not count unmapped file pages - it affects the reclaimer logic To overcome these drawbacks, this patch introduces two new page flags, Idle and Young, and a new sysfs file, /sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap. A page's Idle flag can only be set from userspace by setting bit in /sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap at the offset corresponding to the page, and it is cleared whenever the page is accessed either through page tables (it is cleared in page_referenced() in this case) or using the read(2) system call (mark_page_accessed()). Thus by setting the Idle flag for pages of a particular workload, which can be found e.g. by reading /proc/PID/pagemap, waiting for some time to let the workload access its working set, and then reading the bitmap file, one can estimate the amount of pages that are not used by the workload. The Young page flag is used to avoid interference with the memory reclaimer. A page's Young flag is set whenever the Access bit of a page table entry pointing to the page is cleared by writing to the bitmap file. If page_referenced() is called on a Young page, it will add 1 to its return value, therefore concealing the fact that the Access bit was cleared. Note, since there is no room for extra page flags on 32 bit, this feature uses extended page flags when compiled on 32 bit. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: kpageidle requires an MMU] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: decouple from page-flags rework] Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com> Reviewed-by: Andres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Raghavendra K T <raghavendra.kt@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com> Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com> Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-09-09 22:35:45 +00:00
if (referenced) {
folio_clear_idle(folio);
mm: introduce idle page tracking Knowing the portion of memory that is not used by a certain application or memory cgroup (idle memory) can be useful for partitioning the system efficiently, e.g. by setting memory cgroup limits appropriately. Currently, the only means to estimate the amount of idle memory provided by the kernel is /proc/PID/{clear_refs,smaps}: the user can clear the access bit for all pages mapped to a particular process by writing 1 to clear_refs, wait for some time, and then count smaps:Referenced. However, this method has two serious shortcomings: - it does not count unmapped file pages - it affects the reclaimer logic To overcome these drawbacks, this patch introduces two new page flags, Idle and Young, and a new sysfs file, /sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap. A page's Idle flag can only be set from userspace by setting bit in /sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap at the offset corresponding to the page, and it is cleared whenever the page is accessed either through page tables (it is cleared in page_referenced() in this case) or using the read(2) system call (mark_page_accessed()). Thus by setting the Idle flag for pages of a particular workload, which can be found e.g. by reading /proc/PID/pagemap, waiting for some time to let the workload access its working set, and then reading the bitmap file, one can estimate the amount of pages that are not used by the workload. The Young page flag is used to avoid interference with the memory reclaimer. A page's Young flag is set whenever the Access bit of a page table entry pointing to the page is cleared by writing to the bitmap file. If page_referenced() is called on a Young page, it will add 1 to its return value, therefore concealing the fact that the Access bit was cleared. Note, since there is no room for extra page flags on 32 bit, this feature uses extended page flags when compiled on 32 bit. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: kpageidle requires an MMU] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: decouple from page-flags rework] Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com> Reviewed-by: Andres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Raghavendra K T <raghavendra.kt@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com> Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com> Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-09-09 22:35:45 +00:00
/*
* We cleared the referenced bit in a mapping to this page. To
* avoid interference with page reclaim, mark it young so that
* folio_referenced() will return > 0.
mm: introduce idle page tracking Knowing the portion of memory that is not used by a certain application or memory cgroup (idle memory) can be useful for partitioning the system efficiently, e.g. by setting memory cgroup limits appropriately. Currently, the only means to estimate the amount of idle memory provided by the kernel is /proc/PID/{clear_refs,smaps}: the user can clear the access bit for all pages mapped to a particular process by writing 1 to clear_refs, wait for some time, and then count smaps:Referenced. However, this method has two serious shortcomings: - it does not count unmapped file pages - it affects the reclaimer logic To overcome these drawbacks, this patch introduces two new page flags, Idle and Young, and a new sysfs file, /sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap. A page's Idle flag can only be set from userspace by setting bit in /sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap at the offset corresponding to the page, and it is cleared whenever the page is accessed either through page tables (it is cleared in page_referenced() in this case) or using the read(2) system call (mark_page_accessed()). Thus by setting the Idle flag for pages of a particular workload, which can be found e.g. by reading /proc/PID/pagemap, waiting for some time to let the workload access its working set, and then reading the bitmap file, one can estimate the amount of pages that are not used by the workload. The Young page flag is used to avoid interference with the memory reclaimer. A page's Young flag is set whenever the Access bit of a page table entry pointing to the page is cleared by writing to the bitmap file. If page_referenced() is called on a Young page, it will add 1 to its return value, therefore concealing the fact that the Access bit was cleared. Note, since there is no room for extra page flags on 32 bit, this feature uses extended page flags when compiled on 32 bit. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: kpageidle requires an MMU] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: decouple from page-flags rework] Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com> Reviewed-by: Andres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Raghavendra K T <raghavendra.kt@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com> Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com> Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-09-09 22:35:45 +00:00
*/
folio_set_young(folio);
mm: introduce idle page tracking Knowing the portion of memory that is not used by a certain application or memory cgroup (idle memory) can be useful for partitioning the system efficiently, e.g. by setting memory cgroup limits appropriately. Currently, the only means to estimate the amount of idle memory provided by the kernel is /proc/PID/{clear_refs,smaps}: the user can clear the access bit for all pages mapped to a particular process by writing 1 to clear_refs, wait for some time, and then count smaps:Referenced. However, this method has two serious shortcomings: - it does not count unmapped file pages - it affects the reclaimer logic To overcome these drawbacks, this patch introduces two new page flags, Idle and Young, and a new sysfs file, /sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap. A page's Idle flag can only be set from userspace by setting bit in /sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap at the offset corresponding to the page, and it is cleared whenever the page is accessed either through page tables (it is cleared in page_referenced() in this case) or using the read(2) system call (mark_page_accessed()). Thus by setting the Idle flag for pages of a particular workload, which can be found e.g. by reading /proc/PID/pagemap, waiting for some time to let the workload access its working set, and then reading the bitmap file, one can estimate the amount of pages that are not used by the workload. The Young page flag is used to avoid interference with the memory reclaimer. A page's Young flag is set whenever the Access bit of a page table entry pointing to the page is cleared by writing to the bitmap file. If page_referenced() is called on a Young page, it will add 1 to its return value, therefore concealing the fact that the Access bit was cleared. Note, since there is no room for extra page flags on 32 bit, this feature uses extended page flags when compiled on 32 bit. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: kpageidle requires an MMU] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: decouple from page-flags rework] Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com> Reviewed-by: Andres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Raghavendra K T <raghavendra.kt@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com> Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com> Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-09-09 22:35:45 +00:00
}
return true;
mm: introduce idle page tracking Knowing the portion of memory that is not used by a certain application or memory cgroup (idle memory) can be useful for partitioning the system efficiently, e.g. by setting memory cgroup limits appropriately. Currently, the only means to estimate the amount of idle memory provided by the kernel is /proc/PID/{clear_refs,smaps}: the user can clear the access bit for all pages mapped to a particular process by writing 1 to clear_refs, wait for some time, and then count smaps:Referenced. However, this method has two serious shortcomings: - it does not count unmapped file pages - it affects the reclaimer logic To overcome these drawbacks, this patch introduces two new page flags, Idle and Young, and a new sysfs file, /sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap. A page's Idle flag can only be set from userspace by setting bit in /sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap at the offset corresponding to the page, and it is cleared whenever the page is accessed either through page tables (it is cleared in page_referenced() in this case) or using the read(2) system call (mark_page_accessed()). Thus by setting the Idle flag for pages of a particular workload, which can be found e.g. by reading /proc/PID/pagemap, waiting for some time to let the workload access its working set, and then reading the bitmap file, one can estimate the amount of pages that are not used by the workload. The Young page flag is used to avoid interference with the memory reclaimer. A page's Young flag is set whenever the Access bit of a page table entry pointing to the page is cleared by writing to the bitmap file. If page_referenced() is called on a Young page, it will add 1 to its return value, therefore concealing the fact that the Access bit was cleared. Note, since there is no room for extra page flags on 32 bit, this feature uses extended page flags when compiled on 32 bit. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: kpageidle requires an MMU] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: decouple from page-flags rework] Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com> Reviewed-by: Andres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Raghavendra K T <raghavendra.kt@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com> Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com> Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-09-09 22:35:45 +00:00
}
static void page_idle_clear_pte_refs(struct page *page)
{
struct folio *folio = page_folio(page);
mm: don't be stuck to rmap lock on reclaim path The rmap locks(i_mmap_rwsem and anon_vma->root->rwsem) could be contended under memory pressure if processes keep working on their vmas(e.g., fork, mmap, munmap). It makes reclaim path stuck. In our real workload traces, we see kswapd is waiting the lock for 300ms+(worst case, a sec) and it makes other processes entering direct reclaim, which were also stuck on the lock. This patch makes lru aging path try_lock mode like shink_page_list so the reclaim context will keep working with next lru pages without being stuck. if it found the rmap lock contended, it rotates the page back to head of lru in both active/inactive lrus to make them consistent behavior, which is basic starting point rather than adding more heristic. Since this patch introduces a new "contended" field as out-param along with try_lock in-param in rmap_walk_control, it's not immutable any longer if the try_lock is set so remove const keywords on rmap related functions. Since rmap walking is already expensive operation, I doubt the const would help sizable benefit( And we didn't have it until 5.17). In a heavy app workload in Android, trace shows following statistics. It almost removes rmap lock contention from reclaim path. Martin Liu reported: Before: max_dur(ms) min_dur(ms) max-min(dur)ms avg_dur(ms) sum_dur(ms) count blocked_function 1632 0 1631 151.542173 31672 209 page_lock_anon_vma_read 601 0 601 145.544681 28817 198 rmap_walk_file After: max_dur(ms) min_dur(ms) max-min(dur)ms avg_dur(ms) sum_dur(ms) count blocked_function NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 0.0 NaN 0 0 0 0.127645 1 12 rmap_walk_file [minchan@kernel.org: add comment, per Matthew] Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/YnNqeB5tUf6LZ57b@google.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220510215423.164547-1-minchan@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: John Dias <joaodias@google.com> Cc: Tim Murray <timmurray@google.com> Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com> Cc: Martin Liu <liumartin@google.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2022-05-19 21:08:54 +00:00
mm: introduce idle page tracking Knowing the portion of memory that is not used by a certain application or memory cgroup (idle memory) can be useful for partitioning the system efficiently, e.g. by setting memory cgroup limits appropriately. Currently, the only means to estimate the amount of idle memory provided by the kernel is /proc/PID/{clear_refs,smaps}: the user can clear the access bit for all pages mapped to a particular process by writing 1 to clear_refs, wait for some time, and then count smaps:Referenced. However, this method has two serious shortcomings: - it does not count unmapped file pages - it affects the reclaimer logic To overcome these drawbacks, this patch introduces two new page flags, Idle and Young, and a new sysfs file, /sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap. A page's Idle flag can only be set from userspace by setting bit in /sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap at the offset corresponding to the page, and it is cleared whenever the page is accessed either through page tables (it is cleared in page_referenced() in this case) or using the read(2) system call (mark_page_accessed()). Thus by setting the Idle flag for pages of a particular workload, which can be found e.g. by reading /proc/PID/pagemap, waiting for some time to let the workload access its working set, and then reading the bitmap file, one can estimate the amount of pages that are not used by the workload. The Young page flag is used to avoid interference with the memory reclaimer. A page's Young flag is set whenever the Access bit of a page table entry pointing to the page is cleared by writing to the bitmap file. If page_referenced() is called on a Young page, it will add 1 to its return value, therefore concealing the fact that the Access bit was cleared. Note, since there is no room for extra page flags on 32 bit, this feature uses extended page flags when compiled on 32 bit. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: kpageidle requires an MMU] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: decouple from page-flags rework] Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com> Reviewed-by: Andres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Raghavendra K T <raghavendra.kt@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com> Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com> Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-09-09 22:35:45 +00:00
/*
mm: don't be stuck to rmap lock on reclaim path The rmap locks(i_mmap_rwsem and anon_vma->root->rwsem) could be contended under memory pressure if processes keep working on their vmas(e.g., fork, mmap, munmap). It makes reclaim path stuck. In our real workload traces, we see kswapd is waiting the lock for 300ms+(worst case, a sec) and it makes other processes entering direct reclaim, which were also stuck on the lock. This patch makes lru aging path try_lock mode like shink_page_list so the reclaim context will keep working with next lru pages without being stuck. if it found the rmap lock contended, it rotates the page back to head of lru in both active/inactive lrus to make them consistent behavior, which is basic starting point rather than adding more heristic. Since this patch introduces a new "contended" field as out-param along with try_lock in-param in rmap_walk_control, it's not immutable any longer if the try_lock is set so remove const keywords on rmap related functions. Since rmap walking is already expensive operation, I doubt the const would help sizable benefit( And we didn't have it until 5.17). In a heavy app workload in Android, trace shows following statistics. It almost removes rmap lock contention from reclaim path. Martin Liu reported: Before: max_dur(ms) min_dur(ms) max-min(dur)ms avg_dur(ms) sum_dur(ms) count blocked_function 1632 0 1631 151.542173 31672 209 page_lock_anon_vma_read 601 0 601 145.544681 28817 198 rmap_walk_file After: max_dur(ms) min_dur(ms) max-min(dur)ms avg_dur(ms) sum_dur(ms) count blocked_function NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 0.0 NaN 0 0 0 0.127645 1 12 rmap_walk_file [minchan@kernel.org: add comment, per Matthew] Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/YnNqeB5tUf6LZ57b@google.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220510215423.164547-1-minchan@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: John Dias <joaodias@google.com> Cc: Tim Murray <timmurray@google.com> Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com> Cc: Martin Liu <liumartin@google.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2022-05-19 21:08:54 +00:00
* Since rwc.try_lock is unused, rwc is effectively immutable, so we
* can make it static to save some cycles and stack.
mm: introduce idle page tracking Knowing the portion of memory that is not used by a certain application or memory cgroup (idle memory) can be useful for partitioning the system efficiently, e.g. by setting memory cgroup limits appropriately. Currently, the only means to estimate the amount of idle memory provided by the kernel is /proc/PID/{clear_refs,smaps}: the user can clear the access bit for all pages mapped to a particular process by writing 1 to clear_refs, wait for some time, and then count smaps:Referenced. However, this method has two serious shortcomings: - it does not count unmapped file pages - it affects the reclaimer logic To overcome these drawbacks, this patch introduces two new page flags, Idle and Young, and a new sysfs file, /sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap. A page's Idle flag can only be set from userspace by setting bit in /sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap at the offset corresponding to the page, and it is cleared whenever the page is accessed either through page tables (it is cleared in page_referenced() in this case) or using the read(2) system call (mark_page_accessed()). Thus by setting the Idle flag for pages of a particular workload, which can be found e.g. by reading /proc/PID/pagemap, waiting for some time to let the workload access its working set, and then reading the bitmap file, one can estimate the amount of pages that are not used by the workload. The Young page flag is used to avoid interference with the memory reclaimer. A page's Young flag is set whenever the Access bit of a page table entry pointing to the page is cleared by writing to the bitmap file. If page_referenced() is called on a Young page, it will add 1 to its return value, therefore concealing the fact that the Access bit was cleared. Note, since there is no room for extra page flags on 32 bit, this feature uses extended page flags when compiled on 32 bit. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: kpageidle requires an MMU] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: decouple from page-flags rework] Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com> Reviewed-by: Andres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Raghavendra K T <raghavendra.kt@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com> Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com> Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-09-09 22:35:45 +00:00
*/
mm: don't be stuck to rmap lock on reclaim path The rmap locks(i_mmap_rwsem and anon_vma->root->rwsem) could be contended under memory pressure if processes keep working on their vmas(e.g., fork, mmap, munmap). It makes reclaim path stuck. In our real workload traces, we see kswapd is waiting the lock for 300ms+(worst case, a sec) and it makes other processes entering direct reclaim, which were also stuck on the lock. This patch makes lru aging path try_lock mode like shink_page_list so the reclaim context will keep working with next lru pages without being stuck. if it found the rmap lock contended, it rotates the page back to head of lru in both active/inactive lrus to make them consistent behavior, which is basic starting point rather than adding more heristic. Since this patch introduces a new "contended" field as out-param along with try_lock in-param in rmap_walk_control, it's not immutable any longer if the try_lock is set so remove const keywords on rmap related functions. Since rmap walking is already expensive operation, I doubt the const would help sizable benefit( And we didn't have it until 5.17). In a heavy app workload in Android, trace shows following statistics. It almost removes rmap lock contention from reclaim path. Martin Liu reported: Before: max_dur(ms) min_dur(ms) max-min(dur)ms avg_dur(ms) sum_dur(ms) count blocked_function 1632 0 1631 151.542173 31672 209 page_lock_anon_vma_read 601 0 601 145.544681 28817 198 rmap_walk_file After: max_dur(ms) min_dur(ms) max-min(dur)ms avg_dur(ms) sum_dur(ms) count blocked_function NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 0.0 NaN 0 0 0 0.127645 1 12 rmap_walk_file [minchan@kernel.org: add comment, per Matthew] Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/YnNqeB5tUf6LZ57b@google.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220510215423.164547-1-minchan@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: John Dias <joaodias@google.com> Cc: Tim Murray <timmurray@google.com> Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com> Cc: Martin Liu <liumartin@google.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2022-05-19 21:08:54 +00:00
static struct rmap_walk_control rwc = {
mm: introduce idle page tracking Knowing the portion of memory that is not used by a certain application or memory cgroup (idle memory) can be useful for partitioning the system efficiently, e.g. by setting memory cgroup limits appropriately. Currently, the only means to estimate the amount of idle memory provided by the kernel is /proc/PID/{clear_refs,smaps}: the user can clear the access bit for all pages mapped to a particular process by writing 1 to clear_refs, wait for some time, and then count smaps:Referenced. However, this method has two serious shortcomings: - it does not count unmapped file pages - it affects the reclaimer logic To overcome these drawbacks, this patch introduces two new page flags, Idle and Young, and a new sysfs file, /sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap. A page's Idle flag can only be set from userspace by setting bit in /sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap at the offset corresponding to the page, and it is cleared whenever the page is accessed either through page tables (it is cleared in page_referenced() in this case) or using the read(2) system call (mark_page_accessed()). Thus by setting the Idle flag for pages of a particular workload, which can be found e.g. by reading /proc/PID/pagemap, waiting for some time to let the workload access its working set, and then reading the bitmap file, one can estimate the amount of pages that are not used by the workload. The Young page flag is used to avoid interference with the memory reclaimer. A page's Young flag is set whenever the Access bit of a page table entry pointing to the page is cleared by writing to the bitmap file. If page_referenced() is called on a Young page, it will add 1 to its return value, therefore concealing the fact that the Access bit was cleared. Note, since there is no room for extra page flags on 32 bit, this feature uses extended page flags when compiled on 32 bit. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: kpageidle requires an MMU] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: decouple from page-flags rework] Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com> Reviewed-by: Andres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Raghavendra K T <raghavendra.kt@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com> Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com> Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-09-09 22:35:45 +00:00
.rmap_one = page_idle_clear_pte_refs_one,
.anon_lock = folio_lock_anon_vma_read,
mm: introduce idle page tracking Knowing the portion of memory that is not used by a certain application or memory cgroup (idle memory) can be useful for partitioning the system efficiently, e.g. by setting memory cgroup limits appropriately. Currently, the only means to estimate the amount of idle memory provided by the kernel is /proc/PID/{clear_refs,smaps}: the user can clear the access bit for all pages mapped to a particular process by writing 1 to clear_refs, wait for some time, and then count smaps:Referenced. However, this method has two serious shortcomings: - it does not count unmapped file pages - it affects the reclaimer logic To overcome these drawbacks, this patch introduces two new page flags, Idle and Young, and a new sysfs file, /sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap. A page's Idle flag can only be set from userspace by setting bit in /sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap at the offset corresponding to the page, and it is cleared whenever the page is accessed either through page tables (it is cleared in page_referenced() in this case) or using the read(2) system call (mark_page_accessed()). Thus by setting the Idle flag for pages of a particular workload, which can be found e.g. by reading /proc/PID/pagemap, waiting for some time to let the workload access its working set, and then reading the bitmap file, one can estimate the amount of pages that are not used by the workload. The Young page flag is used to avoid interference with the memory reclaimer. A page's Young flag is set whenever the Access bit of a page table entry pointing to the page is cleared by writing to the bitmap file. If page_referenced() is called on a Young page, it will add 1 to its return value, therefore concealing the fact that the Access bit was cleared. Note, since there is no room for extra page flags on 32 bit, this feature uses extended page flags when compiled on 32 bit. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: kpageidle requires an MMU] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: decouple from page-flags rework] Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com> Reviewed-by: Andres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Raghavendra K T <raghavendra.kt@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com> Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com> Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-09-09 22:35:45 +00:00
};
bool need_lock;
if (!folio_mapped(folio) || !folio_raw_mapping(folio))
mm: introduce idle page tracking Knowing the portion of memory that is not used by a certain application or memory cgroup (idle memory) can be useful for partitioning the system efficiently, e.g. by setting memory cgroup limits appropriately. Currently, the only means to estimate the amount of idle memory provided by the kernel is /proc/PID/{clear_refs,smaps}: the user can clear the access bit for all pages mapped to a particular process by writing 1 to clear_refs, wait for some time, and then count smaps:Referenced. However, this method has two serious shortcomings: - it does not count unmapped file pages - it affects the reclaimer logic To overcome these drawbacks, this patch introduces two new page flags, Idle and Young, and a new sysfs file, /sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap. A page's Idle flag can only be set from userspace by setting bit in /sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap at the offset corresponding to the page, and it is cleared whenever the page is accessed either through page tables (it is cleared in page_referenced() in this case) or using the read(2) system call (mark_page_accessed()). Thus by setting the Idle flag for pages of a particular workload, which can be found e.g. by reading /proc/PID/pagemap, waiting for some time to let the workload access its working set, and then reading the bitmap file, one can estimate the amount of pages that are not used by the workload. The Young page flag is used to avoid interference with the memory reclaimer. A page's Young flag is set whenever the Access bit of a page table entry pointing to the page is cleared by writing to the bitmap file. If page_referenced() is called on a Young page, it will add 1 to its return value, therefore concealing the fact that the Access bit was cleared. Note, since there is no room for extra page flags on 32 bit, this feature uses extended page flags when compiled on 32 bit. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: kpageidle requires an MMU] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: decouple from page-flags rework] Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com> Reviewed-by: Andres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Raghavendra K T <raghavendra.kt@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com> Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com> Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-09-09 22:35:45 +00:00
return;
need_lock = !folio_test_anon(folio) || folio_test_ksm(folio);
if (need_lock && !folio_trylock(folio))
mm: introduce idle page tracking Knowing the portion of memory that is not used by a certain application or memory cgroup (idle memory) can be useful for partitioning the system efficiently, e.g. by setting memory cgroup limits appropriately. Currently, the only means to estimate the amount of idle memory provided by the kernel is /proc/PID/{clear_refs,smaps}: the user can clear the access bit for all pages mapped to a particular process by writing 1 to clear_refs, wait for some time, and then count smaps:Referenced. However, this method has two serious shortcomings: - it does not count unmapped file pages - it affects the reclaimer logic To overcome these drawbacks, this patch introduces two new page flags, Idle and Young, and a new sysfs file, /sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap. A page's Idle flag can only be set from userspace by setting bit in /sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap at the offset corresponding to the page, and it is cleared whenever the page is accessed either through page tables (it is cleared in page_referenced() in this case) or using the read(2) system call (mark_page_accessed()). Thus by setting the Idle flag for pages of a particular workload, which can be found e.g. by reading /proc/PID/pagemap, waiting for some time to let the workload access its working set, and then reading the bitmap file, one can estimate the amount of pages that are not used by the workload. The Young page flag is used to avoid interference with the memory reclaimer. A page's Young flag is set whenever the Access bit of a page table entry pointing to the page is cleared by writing to the bitmap file. If page_referenced() is called on a Young page, it will add 1 to its return value, therefore concealing the fact that the Access bit was cleared. Note, since there is no room for extra page flags on 32 bit, this feature uses extended page flags when compiled on 32 bit. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: kpageidle requires an MMU] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: decouple from page-flags rework] Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com> Reviewed-by: Andres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Raghavendra K T <raghavendra.kt@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com> Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com> Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-09-09 22:35:45 +00:00
return;
rmap_walk(folio, &rwc);
mm: introduce idle page tracking Knowing the portion of memory that is not used by a certain application or memory cgroup (idle memory) can be useful for partitioning the system efficiently, e.g. by setting memory cgroup limits appropriately. Currently, the only means to estimate the amount of idle memory provided by the kernel is /proc/PID/{clear_refs,smaps}: the user can clear the access bit for all pages mapped to a particular process by writing 1 to clear_refs, wait for some time, and then count smaps:Referenced. However, this method has two serious shortcomings: - it does not count unmapped file pages - it affects the reclaimer logic To overcome these drawbacks, this patch introduces two new page flags, Idle and Young, and a new sysfs file, /sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap. A page's Idle flag can only be set from userspace by setting bit in /sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap at the offset corresponding to the page, and it is cleared whenever the page is accessed either through page tables (it is cleared in page_referenced() in this case) or using the read(2) system call (mark_page_accessed()). Thus by setting the Idle flag for pages of a particular workload, which can be found e.g. by reading /proc/PID/pagemap, waiting for some time to let the workload access its working set, and then reading the bitmap file, one can estimate the amount of pages that are not used by the workload. The Young page flag is used to avoid interference with the memory reclaimer. A page's Young flag is set whenever the Access bit of a page table entry pointing to the page is cleared by writing to the bitmap file. If page_referenced() is called on a Young page, it will add 1 to its return value, therefore concealing the fact that the Access bit was cleared. Note, since there is no room for extra page flags on 32 bit, this feature uses extended page flags when compiled on 32 bit. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: kpageidle requires an MMU] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: decouple from page-flags rework] Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com> Reviewed-by: Andres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Raghavendra K T <raghavendra.kt@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com> Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com> Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-09-09 22:35:45 +00:00
if (need_lock)
folio_unlock(folio);
mm: introduce idle page tracking Knowing the portion of memory that is not used by a certain application or memory cgroup (idle memory) can be useful for partitioning the system efficiently, e.g. by setting memory cgroup limits appropriately. Currently, the only means to estimate the amount of idle memory provided by the kernel is /proc/PID/{clear_refs,smaps}: the user can clear the access bit for all pages mapped to a particular process by writing 1 to clear_refs, wait for some time, and then count smaps:Referenced. However, this method has two serious shortcomings: - it does not count unmapped file pages - it affects the reclaimer logic To overcome these drawbacks, this patch introduces two new page flags, Idle and Young, and a new sysfs file, /sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap. A page's Idle flag can only be set from userspace by setting bit in /sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap at the offset corresponding to the page, and it is cleared whenever the page is accessed either through page tables (it is cleared in page_referenced() in this case) or using the read(2) system call (mark_page_accessed()). Thus by setting the Idle flag for pages of a particular workload, which can be found e.g. by reading /proc/PID/pagemap, waiting for some time to let the workload access its working set, and then reading the bitmap file, one can estimate the amount of pages that are not used by the workload. The Young page flag is used to avoid interference with the memory reclaimer. A page's Young flag is set whenever the Access bit of a page table entry pointing to the page is cleared by writing to the bitmap file. If page_referenced() is called on a Young page, it will add 1 to its return value, therefore concealing the fact that the Access bit was cleared. Note, since there is no room for extra page flags on 32 bit, this feature uses extended page flags when compiled on 32 bit. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: kpageidle requires an MMU] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: decouple from page-flags rework] Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com> Reviewed-by: Andres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Raghavendra K T <raghavendra.kt@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com> Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com> Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-09-09 22:35:45 +00:00
}
static ssize_t page_idle_bitmap_read(struct file *file, struct kobject *kobj,
struct bin_attribute *attr, char *buf,
loff_t pos, size_t count)
{
u64 *out = (u64 *)buf;
struct page *page;
unsigned long pfn, end_pfn;
int bit;
if (pos % BITMAP_CHUNK_SIZE || count % BITMAP_CHUNK_SIZE)
return -EINVAL;
pfn = pos * BITS_PER_BYTE;
if (pfn >= max_pfn)
return 0;
end_pfn = pfn + count * BITS_PER_BYTE;
if (end_pfn > max_pfn)
mm/page_idle.c: fix oops because end_pfn is larger than max_pfn Currently the calcuation of end_pfn can round up the pfn number to more than the actual maximum number of pfns, causing an Oops. Fix this by ensuring end_pfn is never more than max_pfn. This can be easily triggered when on systems where the end_pfn gets rounded up to more than max_pfn using the idle-page stress-ng stress test: sudo stress-ng --idle-page 0 BUG: unable to handle kernel paging request at 00000000000020d8 #PF error: [normal kernel read fault] PGD 0 P4D 0 Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP PTI CPU: 1 PID: 11039 Comm: stress-ng-idle- Not tainted 5.0.0-5-generic #6-Ubuntu Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.10.2-1ubuntu1 04/01/2014 RIP: 0010:page_idle_get_page+0xc8/0x1a0 Code: 0f b1 0a 75 7d 48 8b 03 48 89 c2 48 c1 e8 33 83 e0 07 48 c1 ea 36 48 8d 0c 40 4c 8d 24 88 49 c1 e4 07 4c 03 24 d5 00 89 c3 be <49> 8b 44 24 58 48 8d b8 80 a1 02 00 e8 07 d5 77 00 48 8b 53 08 48 RSP: 0018:ffffafd7c672fde8 EFLAGS: 00010202 RAX: 0000000000000005 RBX: ffffe36341fff700 RCX: 000000000000000f RDX: 0000000000000284 RSI: 0000000000000275 RDI: 0000000001fff700 RBP: ffffafd7c672fe00 R08: ffffa0bc34056410 R09: 0000000000000276 R10: ffffa0bc754e9b40 R11: ffffa0bc330f6400 R12: 0000000000002080 R13: ffffe36341fff700 R14: 0000000000080000 R15: ffffa0bc330f6400 FS: 00007f0ec1ea5740(0000) GS:ffffa0bc7db00000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 CR2: 00000000000020d8 CR3: 0000000077d68000 CR4: 00000000000006e0 Call Trace: page_idle_bitmap_write+0x8c/0x140 sysfs_kf_bin_write+0x5c/0x70 kernfs_fop_write+0x12e/0x1b0 __vfs_write+0x1b/0x40 vfs_write+0xab/0x1b0 ksys_write+0x55/0xc0 __x64_sys_write+0x1a/0x20 do_syscall_64+0x5a/0x110 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x44/0xa9 Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190618124352.28307-1-colin.king@canonical.com Fixes: 33c3fc71c8cf ("mm: introduce idle page tracking") Signed-off-by: Colin Ian King <colin.king@canonical.com> Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Acked-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au> Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2019-06-28 19:07:05 +00:00
end_pfn = max_pfn;
mm: introduce idle page tracking Knowing the portion of memory that is not used by a certain application or memory cgroup (idle memory) can be useful for partitioning the system efficiently, e.g. by setting memory cgroup limits appropriately. Currently, the only means to estimate the amount of idle memory provided by the kernel is /proc/PID/{clear_refs,smaps}: the user can clear the access bit for all pages mapped to a particular process by writing 1 to clear_refs, wait for some time, and then count smaps:Referenced. However, this method has two serious shortcomings: - it does not count unmapped file pages - it affects the reclaimer logic To overcome these drawbacks, this patch introduces two new page flags, Idle and Young, and a new sysfs file, /sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap. A page's Idle flag can only be set from userspace by setting bit in /sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap at the offset corresponding to the page, and it is cleared whenever the page is accessed either through page tables (it is cleared in page_referenced() in this case) or using the read(2) system call (mark_page_accessed()). Thus by setting the Idle flag for pages of a particular workload, which can be found e.g. by reading /proc/PID/pagemap, waiting for some time to let the workload access its working set, and then reading the bitmap file, one can estimate the amount of pages that are not used by the workload. The Young page flag is used to avoid interference with the memory reclaimer. A page's Young flag is set whenever the Access bit of a page table entry pointing to the page is cleared by writing to the bitmap file. If page_referenced() is called on a Young page, it will add 1 to its return value, therefore concealing the fact that the Access bit was cleared. Note, since there is no room for extra page flags on 32 bit, this feature uses extended page flags when compiled on 32 bit. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: kpageidle requires an MMU] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: decouple from page-flags rework] Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com> Reviewed-by: Andres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Raghavendra K T <raghavendra.kt@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com> Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com> Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-09-09 22:35:45 +00:00
for (; pfn < end_pfn; pfn++) {
bit = pfn % BITMAP_CHUNK_BITS;
if (!bit)
*out = 0ULL;
page = page_idle_get_page(pfn);
if (page) {
if (page_is_idle(page)) {
/*
* The page might have been referenced via a
* pte, in which case it is not idle. Clear
* refs and recheck.
*/
page_idle_clear_pte_refs(page);
if (page_is_idle(page))
*out |= 1ULL << bit;
}
put_page(page);
}
if (bit == BITMAP_CHUNK_BITS - 1)
out++;
cond_resched();
}
return (char *)out - buf;
}
static ssize_t page_idle_bitmap_write(struct file *file, struct kobject *kobj,
struct bin_attribute *attr, char *buf,
loff_t pos, size_t count)
{
const u64 *in = (u64 *)buf;
struct page *page;
unsigned long pfn, end_pfn;
int bit;
if (pos % BITMAP_CHUNK_SIZE || count % BITMAP_CHUNK_SIZE)
return -EINVAL;
pfn = pos * BITS_PER_BYTE;
if (pfn >= max_pfn)
return -ENXIO;
end_pfn = pfn + count * BITS_PER_BYTE;
if (end_pfn > max_pfn)
mm/page_idle.c: fix oops because end_pfn is larger than max_pfn Currently the calcuation of end_pfn can round up the pfn number to more than the actual maximum number of pfns, causing an Oops. Fix this by ensuring end_pfn is never more than max_pfn. This can be easily triggered when on systems where the end_pfn gets rounded up to more than max_pfn using the idle-page stress-ng stress test: sudo stress-ng --idle-page 0 BUG: unable to handle kernel paging request at 00000000000020d8 #PF error: [normal kernel read fault] PGD 0 P4D 0 Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP PTI CPU: 1 PID: 11039 Comm: stress-ng-idle- Not tainted 5.0.0-5-generic #6-Ubuntu Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.10.2-1ubuntu1 04/01/2014 RIP: 0010:page_idle_get_page+0xc8/0x1a0 Code: 0f b1 0a 75 7d 48 8b 03 48 89 c2 48 c1 e8 33 83 e0 07 48 c1 ea 36 48 8d 0c 40 4c 8d 24 88 49 c1 e4 07 4c 03 24 d5 00 89 c3 be <49> 8b 44 24 58 48 8d b8 80 a1 02 00 e8 07 d5 77 00 48 8b 53 08 48 RSP: 0018:ffffafd7c672fde8 EFLAGS: 00010202 RAX: 0000000000000005 RBX: ffffe36341fff700 RCX: 000000000000000f RDX: 0000000000000284 RSI: 0000000000000275 RDI: 0000000001fff700 RBP: ffffafd7c672fe00 R08: ffffa0bc34056410 R09: 0000000000000276 R10: ffffa0bc754e9b40 R11: ffffa0bc330f6400 R12: 0000000000002080 R13: ffffe36341fff700 R14: 0000000000080000 R15: ffffa0bc330f6400 FS: 00007f0ec1ea5740(0000) GS:ffffa0bc7db00000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 CR2: 00000000000020d8 CR3: 0000000077d68000 CR4: 00000000000006e0 Call Trace: page_idle_bitmap_write+0x8c/0x140 sysfs_kf_bin_write+0x5c/0x70 kernfs_fop_write+0x12e/0x1b0 __vfs_write+0x1b/0x40 vfs_write+0xab/0x1b0 ksys_write+0x55/0xc0 __x64_sys_write+0x1a/0x20 do_syscall_64+0x5a/0x110 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x44/0xa9 Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190618124352.28307-1-colin.king@canonical.com Fixes: 33c3fc71c8cf ("mm: introduce idle page tracking") Signed-off-by: Colin Ian King <colin.king@canonical.com> Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Acked-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au> Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2019-06-28 19:07:05 +00:00
end_pfn = max_pfn;
mm: introduce idle page tracking Knowing the portion of memory that is not used by a certain application or memory cgroup (idle memory) can be useful for partitioning the system efficiently, e.g. by setting memory cgroup limits appropriately. Currently, the only means to estimate the amount of idle memory provided by the kernel is /proc/PID/{clear_refs,smaps}: the user can clear the access bit for all pages mapped to a particular process by writing 1 to clear_refs, wait for some time, and then count smaps:Referenced. However, this method has two serious shortcomings: - it does not count unmapped file pages - it affects the reclaimer logic To overcome these drawbacks, this patch introduces two new page flags, Idle and Young, and a new sysfs file, /sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap. A page's Idle flag can only be set from userspace by setting bit in /sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap at the offset corresponding to the page, and it is cleared whenever the page is accessed either through page tables (it is cleared in page_referenced() in this case) or using the read(2) system call (mark_page_accessed()). Thus by setting the Idle flag for pages of a particular workload, which can be found e.g. by reading /proc/PID/pagemap, waiting for some time to let the workload access its working set, and then reading the bitmap file, one can estimate the amount of pages that are not used by the workload. The Young page flag is used to avoid interference with the memory reclaimer. A page's Young flag is set whenever the Access bit of a page table entry pointing to the page is cleared by writing to the bitmap file. If page_referenced() is called on a Young page, it will add 1 to its return value, therefore concealing the fact that the Access bit was cleared. Note, since there is no room for extra page flags on 32 bit, this feature uses extended page flags when compiled on 32 bit. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: kpageidle requires an MMU] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: decouple from page-flags rework] Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com> Reviewed-by: Andres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Raghavendra K T <raghavendra.kt@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com> Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com> Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-09-09 22:35:45 +00:00
for (; pfn < end_pfn; pfn++) {
bit = pfn % BITMAP_CHUNK_BITS;
if ((*in >> bit) & 1) {
page = page_idle_get_page(pfn);
if (page) {
page_idle_clear_pte_refs(page);
set_page_idle(page);
put_page(page);
}
}
if (bit == BITMAP_CHUNK_BITS - 1)
in++;
cond_resched();
}
return (char *)in - buf;
}
static struct bin_attribute page_idle_bitmap_attr =
__BIN_ATTR(bitmap, 0600,
mm: introduce idle page tracking Knowing the portion of memory that is not used by a certain application or memory cgroup (idle memory) can be useful for partitioning the system efficiently, e.g. by setting memory cgroup limits appropriately. Currently, the only means to estimate the amount of idle memory provided by the kernel is /proc/PID/{clear_refs,smaps}: the user can clear the access bit for all pages mapped to a particular process by writing 1 to clear_refs, wait for some time, and then count smaps:Referenced. However, this method has two serious shortcomings: - it does not count unmapped file pages - it affects the reclaimer logic To overcome these drawbacks, this patch introduces two new page flags, Idle and Young, and a new sysfs file, /sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap. A page's Idle flag can only be set from userspace by setting bit in /sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap at the offset corresponding to the page, and it is cleared whenever the page is accessed either through page tables (it is cleared in page_referenced() in this case) or using the read(2) system call (mark_page_accessed()). Thus by setting the Idle flag for pages of a particular workload, which can be found e.g. by reading /proc/PID/pagemap, waiting for some time to let the workload access its working set, and then reading the bitmap file, one can estimate the amount of pages that are not used by the workload. The Young page flag is used to avoid interference with the memory reclaimer. A page's Young flag is set whenever the Access bit of a page table entry pointing to the page is cleared by writing to the bitmap file. If page_referenced() is called on a Young page, it will add 1 to its return value, therefore concealing the fact that the Access bit was cleared. Note, since there is no room for extra page flags on 32 bit, this feature uses extended page flags when compiled on 32 bit. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: kpageidle requires an MMU] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: decouple from page-flags rework] Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com> Reviewed-by: Andres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Raghavendra K T <raghavendra.kt@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com> Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com> Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-09-09 22:35:45 +00:00
page_idle_bitmap_read, page_idle_bitmap_write, 0);
static struct bin_attribute *page_idle_bin_attrs[] = {
&page_idle_bitmap_attr,
NULL,
};
static const struct attribute_group page_idle_attr_group = {
mm: introduce idle page tracking Knowing the portion of memory that is not used by a certain application or memory cgroup (idle memory) can be useful for partitioning the system efficiently, e.g. by setting memory cgroup limits appropriately. Currently, the only means to estimate the amount of idle memory provided by the kernel is /proc/PID/{clear_refs,smaps}: the user can clear the access bit for all pages mapped to a particular process by writing 1 to clear_refs, wait for some time, and then count smaps:Referenced. However, this method has two serious shortcomings: - it does not count unmapped file pages - it affects the reclaimer logic To overcome these drawbacks, this patch introduces two new page flags, Idle and Young, and a new sysfs file, /sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap. A page's Idle flag can only be set from userspace by setting bit in /sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap at the offset corresponding to the page, and it is cleared whenever the page is accessed either through page tables (it is cleared in page_referenced() in this case) or using the read(2) system call (mark_page_accessed()). Thus by setting the Idle flag for pages of a particular workload, which can be found e.g. by reading /proc/PID/pagemap, waiting for some time to let the workload access its working set, and then reading the bitmap file, one can estimate the amount of pages that are not used by the workload. The Young page flag is used to avoid interference with the memory reclaimer. A page's Young flag is set whenever the Access bit of a page table entry pointing to the page is cleared by writing to the bitmap file. If page_referenced() is called on a Young page, it will add 1 to its return value, therefore concealing the fact that the Access bit was cleared. Note, since there is no room for extra page flags on 32 bit, this feature uses extended page flags when compiled on 32 bit. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: kpageidle requires an MMU] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: decouple from page-flags rework] Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com> Reviewed-by: Andres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Raghavendra K T <raghavendra.kt@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com> Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com> Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-09-09 22:35:45 +00:00
.bin_attrs = page_idle_bin_attrs,
.name = "page_idle",
};
static int __init page_idle_init(void)
{
int err;
err = sysfs_create_group(mm_kobj, &page_idle_attr_group);
if (err) {
pr_err("page_idle: register sysfs failed\n");
return err;
}
return 0;
}
subsys_initcall(page_idle_init);