linux/block/blk-core.c

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
/*
* Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds
* Copyright (C) 1994, Karl Keyte: Added support for disk statistics
* Elevator latency, (C) 2000 Andrea Arcangeli <andrea@suse.de> SuSE
* Queue request tables / lock, selectable elevator, Jens Axboe <axboe@suse.de>
* kernel-doc documentation started by NeilBrown <neilb@cse.unsw.edu.au>
* - July2000
* bio rewrite, highmem i/o, etc, Jens Axboe <axboe@suse.de> - may 2001
*/
/*
* This handles all read/write requests to block devices
*/
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/bio.h>
#include <linux/blkdev.h>
scsi: block: Do not accept any requests while suspended blk_queue_enter() accepts BLK_MQ_REQ_PM requests independent of the runtime power management state. Now that SCSI domain validation no longer depends on this behavior, modify the behavior of blk_queue_enter() as follows: - Do not accept any requests while suspended. - Only process power management requests while suspending or resuming. Submitting BLK_MQ_REQ_PM requests to a device that is runtime suspended causes runtime-suspended devices not to resume as they should. The request which should cause a runtime resume instead gets issued directly, without resuming the device first. Of course the device can't handle it properly, the I/O fails, and the device remains suspended. The problem is fixed by checking that the queue's runtime-PM status isn't RPM_SUSPENDED before allowing a request to be issued, and queuing a runtime-resume request if it is. In particular, the inline blk_pm_request_resume() routine is renamed blk_pm_resume_queue() and the code is unified by merging the surrounding checks into the routine. If the queue isn't set up for runtime PM, or there currently is no restriction on allowed requests, the request is allowed. Likewise if the BLK_MQ_REQ_PM flag is set and the status isn't RPM_SUSPENDED. Otherwise a runtime resume is queued and the request is blocked until conditions are more suitable. [ bvanassche: modified commit message and removed Cc: stable because without the previous patches from this series this patch would break parallel SCSI domain validation + introduced queue_rpm_status() ] Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20201209052951.16136-9-bvanassche@acm.org Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Cc: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de> Cc: Can Guo <cang@codeaurora.org> Cc: Stanley Chu <stanley.chu@mediatek.com> Cc: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com> Cc: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com> Reported-and-tested-by: Martin Kepplinger <martin.kepplinger@puri.sm> Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de> Reviewed-by: Can Guo <cang@codeaurora.org> Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu> Signed-off-by: Bart Van Assche <bvanassche@acm.org> Signed-off-by: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
2020-12-09 05:29:51 +00:00
#include <linux/blk-pm.h>
#include <linux/blk-integrity.h>
#include <linux/highmem.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
mm: move readahead prototypes from mm.h Patch series "Change readahead API", v11. This series adds a readahead address_space operation to replace the readpages operation. The key difference is that pages are added to the page cache as they are allocated (and then looked up by the filesystem) instead of passing them on a list to the readpages operation and having the filesystem add them to the page cache. It's a net reduction in code for each implementation, more efficient than walking a list, and solves the direct-write vs buffered-read problem reported by yu kuai at http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200116063601.39201-1-yukuai3@huawei.com The only unconverted filesystems are those which use fscache. Their conversion is pending Dave Howells' rewrite which will make the conversion substantially easier. This should be completed by the end of the year. I want to thank the reviewers/testers; Dave Chinner, John Hubbard, Eric Biggers, Johannes Thumshirn, Dave Sterba, Zi Yan, Christoph Hellwig and Miklos Szeredi have done a marvellous job of providing constructive criticism. These patches pass an xfstests run on ext4, xfs & btrfs with no regressions that I can tell (some of the tests seem a little flaky before and remain flaky afterwards). This patch (of 25): The readahead code is part of the page cache so should be found in the pagemap.h file. force_page_cache_readahead is only used within mm, so move it to mm/internal.h instead. Remove the parameter names where they add no value, and rename the ones which were actively misleading. Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Reviewed-by: John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com> Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Reviewed-by: William Kucharski <william.kucharski@oracle.com> Reviewed-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com> Cc: Chao Yu <yuchao0@huawei.com> Cc: Cong Wang <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com> Cc: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com> Cc: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com> Cc: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com> Cc: Gao Xiang <gaoxiang25@huawei.com> Cc: Jaegeuk Kim <jaegeuk@kernel.org> Cc: Joseph Qi <joseph.qi@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: Junxiao Bi <junxiao.bi@oracle.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Cc: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@redhat.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200414150233.24495-1-willy@infradead.org Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200414150233.24495-2-willy@infradead.org Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2020-06-02 04:46:07 +00:00
#include <linux/pagemap.h>
#include <linux/kernel_stat.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/completion.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/swap.h>
#include <linux/writeback.h>
#include <linux/task_io_accounting_ops.h>
#include <linux/fault-inject.h>
#include <linux/list_sort.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/ratelimit.h>
#include <linux/pm_runtime.h>
#include <linux/t10-pi.h>
#include <linux/debugfs.h>
#include <linux/bpf.h>
#include <linux/part_stat.h>
#include <linux/sched/sysctl.h>
block: Inline encryption support for blk-mq We must have some way of letting a storage device driver know what encryption context it should use for en/decrypting a request. However, it's the upper layers (like the filesystem/fscrypt) that know about and manages encryption contexts. As such, when the upper layer submits a bio to the block layer, and this bio eventually reaches a device driver with support for inline encryption, the device driver will need to have been told the encryption context for that bio. We want to communicate the encryption context from the upper layer to the storage device along with the bio, when the bio is submitted to the block layer. To do this, we add a struct bio_crypt_ctx to struct bio, which can represent an encryption context (note that we can't use the bi_private field in struct bio to do this because that field does not function to pass information across layers in the storage stack). We also introduce various functions to manipulate the bio_crypt_ctx and make the bio/request merging logic aware of the bio_crypt_ctx. We also make changes to blk-mq to make it handle bios with encryption contexts. blk-mq can merge many bios into the same request. These bios need to have contiguous data unit numbers (the necessary changes to blk-merge are also made to ensure this) - as such, it suffices to keep the data unit number of just the first bio, since that's all a storage driver needs to infer the data unit number to use for each data block in each bio in a request. blk-mq keeps track of the encryption context to be used for all the bios in a request with the request's rq_crypt_ctx. When the first bio is added to an empty request, blk-mq will program the encryption context of that bio into the request_queue's keyslot manager, and store the returned keyslot in the request's rq_crypt_ctx. All the functions to operate on encryption contexts are in blk-crypto.c. Upper layers only need to call bio_crypt_set_ctx with the encryption key, algorithm and data_unit_num; they don't have to worry about getting a keyslot for each encryption context, as blk-mq/blk-crypto handles that. Blk-crypto also makes it possible for request-based layered devices like dm-rq to make use of inline encryption hardware by cloning the rq_crypt_ctx and programming a keyslot in the new request_queue when necessary. Note that any user of the block layer can submit bios with an encryption context, such as filesystems, device-mapper targets, etc. Signed-off-by: Satya Tangirala <satyat@google.com> Reviewed-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com> Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
2020-05-14 00:37:18 +00:00
#include <linux/blk-crypto.h>
tracing/events: convert block trace points to TRACE_EVENT() TRACE_EVENT is a more generic way to define tracepoints. Doing so adds these new capabilities to this tracepoint: - zero-copy and per-cpu splice() tracing - binary tracing without printf overhead - structured logging records exposed under /debug/tracing/events - trace events embedded in function tracer output and other plugins - user-defined, per tracepoint filter expressions ... Cons: - no dev_t info for the output of plug, unplug_timer and unplug_io events. no dev_t info for getrq and sleeprq events if bio == NULL. no dev_t info for rq_abort,...,rq_requeue events if rq->rq_disk == NULL. This is mainly because we can't get the deivce from a request queue. But this may change in the future. - A packet command is converted to a string in TP_assign, not TP_print. While blktrace do the convertion just before output. Since pc requests should be rather rare, this is not a big issue. - In blktrace, an event can have 2 different print formats, but a TRACE_EVENT has a unique format, which means we have some unused data in a trace entry. The overhead is minimized by using __dynamic_array() instead of __array(). I've benchmarked the ioctl blktrace vs the splice based TRACE_EVENT tracing: dd dd + ioctl blktrace dd + TRACE_EVENT (splice) 1 7.36s, 42.7 MB/s 7.50s, 42.0 MB/s 7.41s, 42.5 MB/s 2 7.43s, 42.3 MB/s 7.48s, 42.1 MB/s 7.43s, 42.4 MB/s 3 7.38s, 42.6 MB/s 7.45s, 42.2 MB/s 7.41s, 42.5 MB/s So the overhead of tracing is very small, and no regression when using those trace events vs blktrace. And the binary output of TRACE_EVENT is much smaller than blktrace: # ls -l -h -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 8.8M 06-09 13:24 sda.blktrace.0 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 195K 06-09 13:24 sda.blktrace.1 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2.7M 06-09 13:25 trace_splice.out Following are some comparisons between TRACE_EVENT and blktrace: plug: kjournald-480 [000] 303.084981: block_plug: [kjournald] kjournald-480 [000] 303.084981: 8,0 P N [kjournald] unplug_io: kblockd/0-118 [000] 300.052973: block_unplug_io: [kblockd/0] 1 kblockd/0-118 [000] 300.052974: 8,0 U N [kblockd/0] 1 remap: kjournald-480 [000] 303.085042: block_remap: 8,0 W 102736992 + 8 <- (8,8) 33384 kjournald-480 [000] 303.085043: 8,0 A W 102736992 + 8 <- (8,8) 33384 bio_backmerge: kjournald-480 [000] 303.085086: block_bio_backmerge: 8,0 W 102737032 + 8 [kjournald] kjournald-480 [000] 303.085086: 8,0 M W 102737032 + 8 [kjournald] getrq: kjournald-480 [000] 303.084974: block_getrq: 8,0 W 102736984 + 8 [kjournald] kjournald-480 [000] 303.084975: 8,0 G W 102736984 + 8 [kjournald] bash-2066 [001] 1072.953770: 8,0 G N [bash] bash-2066 [001] 1072.953773: block_getrq: 0,0 N 0 + 0 [bash] rq_complete: konsole-2065 [001] 300.053184: block_rq_complete: 8,0 W () 103669040 + 16 [0] konsole-2065 [001] 300.053191: 8,0 C W 103669040 + 16 [0] ksoftirqd/1-7 [001] 1072.953811: 8,0 C N (5a 00 08 00 00 00 00 00 24 00) [0] ksoftirqd/1-7 [001] 1072.953813: block_rq_complete: 0,0 N (5a 00 08 00 00 00 00 00 24 00) 0 + 0 [0] rq_insert: kjournald-480 [000] 303.084985: block_rq_insert: 8,0 W 0 () 102736984 + 8 [kjournald] kjournald-480 [000] 303.084986: 8,0 I W 102736984 + 8 [kjournald] Changelog from v2 -> v3: - use the newly introduced __dynamic_array(). Changelog from v1 -> v2: - use __string() instead of __array() to minimize the memory required to store hex dump of rq->cmd(). - support large pc requests. - add missing blk_fill_rwbs_rq() in block_rq_requeue TRACE_EVENT. - some cleanups. Signed-off-by: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com> LKML-Reference: <4A2DF669.5070905@cn.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
2009-06-09 05:43:05 +00:00
#define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
#include <trace/events/block.h>
#include "blk.h"
#include "blk-mq-sched.h"
#include "blk-pm.h"
#include "blk-cgroup.h"
#include "blk-throttle.h"
struct dentry *blk_debugfs_root;
EXPORT_TRACEPOINT_SYMBOL_GPL(block_bio_remap);
EXPORT_TRACEPOINT_SYMBOL_GPL(block_rq_remap);
EXPORT_TRACEPOINT_SYMBOL_GPL(block_bio_complete);
EXPORT_TRACEPOINT_SYMBOL_GPL(block_split);
EXPORT_TRACEPOINT_SYMBOL_GPL(block_unplug);
EXPORT_TRACEPOINT_SYMBOL_GPL(block_rq_insert);
static DEFINE_IDA(blk_queue_ida);
/*
* For queue allocation
*/
static struct kmem_cache *blk_requestq_cachep;
/*
* Controlling structure to kblockd
*/
static struct workqueue_struct *kblockd_workqueue;
/**
* blk_queue_flag_set - atomically set a queue flag
* @flag: flag to be set
* @q: request queue
*/
void blk_queue_flag_set(unsigned int flag, struct request_queue *q)
{
set_bit(flag, &q->queue_flags);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_queue_flag_set);
/**
* blk_queue_flag_clear - atomically clear a queue flag
* @flag: flag to be cleared
* @q: request queue
*/
void blk_queue_flag_clear(unsigned int flag, struct request_queue *q)
{
clear_bit(flag, &q->queue_flags);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_queue_flag_clear);
/**
* blk_queue_flag_test_and_set - atomically test and set a queue flag
* @flag: flag to be set
* @q: request queue
*
* Returns the previous value of @flag - 0 if the flag was not set and 1 if
* the flag was already set.
*/
bool blk_queue_flag_test_and_set(unsigned int flag, struct request_queue *q)
{
return test_and_set_bit(flag, &q->queue_flags);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(blk_queue_flag_test_and_set);
#define REQ_OP_NAME(name) [REQ_OP_##name] = #name
static const char *const blk_op_name[] = {
REQ_OP_NAME(READ),
REQ_OP_NAME(WRITE),
REQ_OP_NAME(FLUSH),
REQ_OP_NAME(DISCARD),
REQ_OP_NAME(SECURE_ERASE),
REQ_OP_NAME(ZONE_RESET),
REQ_OP_NAME(ZONE_RESET_ALL),
2019-10-27 14:05:45 +00:00
REQ_OP_NAME(ZONE_OPEN),
REQ_OP_NAME(ZONE_CLOSE),
REQ_OP_NAME(ZONE_FINISH),
block: Introduce REQ_OP_ZONE_APPEND Define REQ_OP_ZONE_APPEND to append-write sectors to a zone of a zoned block device. This is a no-merge write operation. A zone append write BIO must: * Target a zoned block device * Have a sector position indicating the start sector of the target zone * The target zone must be a sequential write zone * The BIO must not cross a zone boundary * The BIO size must not be split to ensure that a single range of LBAs is written with a single command. Implement these checks in generic_make_request_checks() using the helper function blk_check_zone_append(). To avoid write append BIO splitting, introduce the new max_zone_append_sectors queue limit attribute and ensure that a BIO size is always lower than this limit. Export this new limit through sysfs and check these limits in bio_full(). Also when a LLDD can't dispatch a request to a specific zone, it will return BLK_STS_ZONE_RESOURCE indicating this request needs to be delayed, e.g. because the zone it will be dispatched to is still write-locked. If this happens set the request aside in a local list to continue trying dispatching requests such as READ requests or a WRITE/ZONE_APPEND requests targetting other zones. This way we can still keep a high queue depth without starving other requests even if one request can't be served due to zone write-locking. Finally, make sure that the bio sector position indicates the actual write position as indicated by the device on completion. Signed-off-by: Keith Busch <kbusch@kernel.org> [ jth: added zone-append specific add_page and merge_page helpers ] Signed-off-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com> Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de> Reviewed-by: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
2020-05-12 08:55:47 +00:00
REQ_OP_NAME(ZONE_APPEND),
REQ_OP_NAME(WRITE_ZEROES),
REQ_OP_NAME(DRV_IN),
REQ_OP_NAME(DRV_OUT),
};
#undef REQ_OP_NAME
/**
* blk_op_str - Return string XXX in the REQ_OP_XXX.
* @op: REQ_OP_XXX.
*
* Description: Centralize block layer function to convert REQ_OP_XXX into
* string format. Useful in the debugging and tracing bio or request. For
* invalid REQ_OP_XXX it returns string "UNKNOWN".
*/
inline const char *blk_op_str(enum req_op op)
{
const char *op_str = "UNKNOWN";
if (op < ARRAY_SIZE(blk_op_name) && blk_op_name[op])
op_str = blk_op_name[op];
return op_str;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(blk_op_str);
static const struct {
int errno;
const char *name;
} blk_errors[] = {
[BLK_STS_OK] = { 0, "" },
[BLK_STS_NOTSUPP] = { -EOPNOTSUPP, "operation not supported" },
[BLK_STS_TIMEOUT] = { -ETIMEDOUT, "timeout" },
[BLK_STS_NOSPC] = { -ENOSPC, "critical space allocation" },
[BLK_STS_TRANSPORT] = { -ENOLINK, "recoverable transport" },
[BLK_STS_TARGET] = { -EREMOTEIO, "critical target" },
[BLK_STS_NEXUS] = { -EBADE, "critical nexus" },
[BLK_STS_MEDIUM] = { -ENODATA, "critical medium" },
[BLK_STS_PROTECTION] = { -EILSEQ, "protection" },
[BLK_STS_RESOURCE] = { -ENOMEM, "kernel resource" },
blk-mq: introduce BLK_STS_DEV_RESOURCE This status is returned from driver to block layer if device related resource is unavailable, but driver can guarantee that IO dispatch will be triggered in future when the resource is available. Convert some drivers to return BLK_STS_DEV_RESOURCE. Also, if driver returns BLK_STS_RESOURCE and SCHED_RESTART is set, rerun queue after a delay (BLK_MQ_DELAY_QUEUE) to avoid IO stalls. BLK_MQ_DELAY_QUEUE is 3 ms because both scsi-mq and nvmefc are using that magic value. If a driver can make sure there is in-flight IO, it is safe to return BLK_STS_DEV_RESOURCE because: 1) If all in-flight IOs complete before examining SCHED_RESTART in blk_mq_dispatch_rq_list(), SCHED_RESTART must be cleared, so queue is run immediately in this case by blk_mq_dispatch_rq_list(); 2) if there is any in-flight IO after/when examining SCHED_RESTART in blk_mq_dispatch_rq_list(): - if SCHED_RESTART isn't set, queue is run immediately as handled in 1) - otherwise, this request will be dispatched after any in-flight IO is completed via blk_mq_sched_restart() 3) if SCHED_RESTART is set concurently in context because of BLK_STS_RESOURCE, blk_mq_delay_run_hw_queue() will cover the above two cases and make sure IO hang can be avoided. One invariant is that queue will be rerun if SCHED_RESTART is set. Suggested-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> Tested-by: Laurence Oberman <loberman@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
2018-01-31 03:04:57 +00:00
[BLK_STS_DEV_RESOURCE] = { -EBUSY, "device resource" },
[BLK_STS_AGAIN] = { -EAGAIN, "nonblocking retry" },
[BLK_STS_OFFLINE] = { -ENODEV, "device offline" },
/* device mapper special case, should not leak out: */
[BLK_STS_DM_REQUEUE] = { -EREMCHG, "dm internal retry" },
/* zone device specific errors */
[BLK_STS_ZONE_OPEN_RESOURCE] = { -ETOOMANYREFS, "open zones exceeded" },
[BLK_STS_ZONE_ACTIVE_RESOURCE] = { -EOVERFLOW, "active zones exceeded" },
/* everything else not covered above: */
[BLK_STS_IOERR] = { -EIO, "I/O" },
};
blk_status_t errno_to_blk_status(int errno)
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(blk_errors); i++) {
if (blk_errors[i].errno == errno)
return (__force blk_status_t)i;
}
return BLK_STS_IOERR;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(errno_to_blk_status);
int blk_status_to_errno(blk_status_t status)
{
int idx = (__force int)status;
if (WARN_ON_ONCE(idx >= ARRAY_SIZE(blk_errors)))
return -EIO;
return blk_errors[idx].errno;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(blk_status_to_errno);
const char *blk_status_to_str(blk_status_t status)
{
int idx = (__force int)status;
if (WARN_ON_ONCE(idx >= ARRAY_SIZE(blk_errors)))
return "<null>";
return blk_errors[idx].name;
}
/**
* blk_sync_queue - cancel any pending callbacks on a queue
* @q: the queue
*
* Description:
* The block layer may perform asynchronous callback activity
* on a queue, such as calling the unplug function after a timeout.
* A block device may call blk_sync_queue to ensure that any
* such activity is cancelled, thus allowing it to release resources
* that the callbacks might use. The caller must already have made sure
* that its ->submit_bio will not re-add plugging prior to calling
* this function.
*
block: Move blk_throtl_exit() call to blk_cleanup_queue() Move blk_throtl_exit() in blk_cleanup_queue() as blk_throtl_exit() is written in such a way that it needs queue lock. In blk_release_queue() there is no gurantee that ->queue_lock is still around. Initially blk_throtl_exit() was in blk_cleanup_queue() but Ingo reported one problem. https://lkml.org/lkml/2010/10/23/86 And a quick fix moved blk_throtl_exit() to blk_release_queue(). commit 7ad58c028652753814054f4e3ac58f925e7343f4 Author: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com> Date: Sat Oct 23 20:40:26 2010 +0200 block: fix use-after-free bug in blk throttle code This patch reverts above change and does not try to shutdown the throtl work in blk_sync_queue(). By avoiding call to throtl_shutdown_timer_wq() from blk_sync_queue(), we should also avoid the problem reported by Ingo. blk_sync_queue() seems to be used only by md driver and it seems to be using it to make sure q->unplug_fn is not called as md registers its own unplug functions and it is about to free up the data structures used by unplug_fn(). Block throttle does not call back into unplug_fn() or into md. So there is no need to cancel blk throttle work. In fact I think cancelling block throttle work is bad because it might happen that some bios are throttled and scheduled to be dispatched later with the help of pending work and if work is cancelled, these bios might never be dispatched. Block layer also uses blk_sync_queue() during blk_cleanup_queue() and blk_release_queue() time. That should be safe as we are also calling blk_throtl_exit() which should make sure all the throttling related data structures are cleaned up. Signed-off-by: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
2011-03-03 00:05:33 +00:00
* This function does not cancel any asynchronous activity arising
* out of elevator or throttling code. That would require elevator_exit()
* and blkcg_exit_queue() to be called with queue lock initialized.
block: Move blk_throtl_exit() call to blk_cleanup_queue() Move blk_throtl_exit() in blk_cleanup_queue() as blk_throtl_exit() is written in such a way that it needs queue lock. In blk_release_queue() there is no gurantee that ->queue_lock is still around. Initially blk_throtl_exit() was in blk_cleanup_queue() but Ingo reported one problem. https://lkml.org/lkml/2010/10/23/86 And a quick fix moved blk_throtl_exit() to blk_release_queue(). commit 7ad58c028652753814054f4e3ac58f925e7343f4 Author: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com> Date: Sat Oct 23 20:40:26 2010 +0200 block: fix use-after-free bug in blk throttle code This patch reverts above change and does not try to shutdown the throtl work in blk_sync_queue(). By avoiding call to throtl_shutdown_timer_wq() from blk_sync_queue(), we should also avoid the problem reported by Ingo. blk_sync_queue() seems to be used only by md driver and it seems to be using it to make sure q->unplug_fn is not called as md registers its own unplug functions and it is about to free up the data structures used by unplug_fn(). Block throttle does not call back into unplug_fn() or into md. So there is no need to cancel blk throttle work. In fact I think cancelling block throttle work is bad because it might happen that some bios are throttled and scheduled to be dispatched later with the help of pending work and if work is cancelled, these bios might never be dispatched. Block layer also uses blk_sync_queue() during blk_cleanup_queue() and blk_release_queue() time. That should be safe as we are also calling blk_throtl_exit() which should make sure all the throttling related data structures are cleaned up. Signed-off-by: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
2011-03-03 00:05:33 +00:00
*
*/
void blk_sync_queue(struct request_queue *q)
{
del_timer_sync(&q->timeout);
cancel_work_sync(&q->timeout_work);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_sync_queue);
/**
* blk_set_pm_only - increment pm_only counter
* @q: request queue pointer
*/
void blk_set_pm_only(struct request_queue *q)
{
atomic_inc(&q->pm_only);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(blk_set_pm_only);
void blk_clear_pm_only(struct request_queue *q)
{
int pm_only;
pm_only = atomic_dec_return(&q->pm_only);
WARN_ON_ONCE(pm_only < 0);
if (pm_only == 0)
wake_up_all(&q->mq_freeze_wq);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(blk_clear_pm_only);
static void blk_free_queue_rcu(struct rcu_head *rcu_head)
{
struct request_queue *q = container_of(rcu_head,
struct request_queue, rcu_head);
percpu_ref_exit(&q->q_usage_counter);
kmem_cache_free(blk_requestq_cachep, q);
}
static void blk_free_queue(struct request_queue *q)
{
if (q->poll_stat)
blk_stat_remove_callback(q, q->poll_cb);
blk_stat_free_callback(q->poll_cb);
blk_free_queue_stats(q->stats);
kfree(q->poll_stat);
if (queue_is_mq(q))
blk_mq_release(q);
ida_free(&blk_queue_ida, q->id);
call_rcu(&q->rcu_head, blk_free_queue_rcu);
}
/**
* blk_put_queue - decrement the request_queue refcount
* @q: the request_queue structure to decrement the refcount for
*
* Decrements the refcount of the request_queue and free it when the refcount
* reaches 0.
block: revert back to synchronous request_queue removal Commit dc9edc44de6c ("block: Fix a blk_exit_rl() regression") merged on v4.12 moved the work behind blk_release_queue() into a workqueue after a splat floated around which indicated some work on blk_release_queue() could sleep in blk_exit_rl(). This splat would be possible when a driver called blk_put_queue() or blk_cleanup_queue() (which calls blk_put_queue() as its final call) from an atomic context. blk_put_queue() decrements the refcount for the request_queue kobject, and upon reaching 0 blk_release_queue() is called. Although blk_exit_rl() is now removed through commit db6d99523560 ("block: remove request_list code") on v5.0, we reserve the right to be able to sleep within blk_release_queue() context. The last reference for the request_queue must not be called from atomic context. *When* the last reference to the request_queue reaches 0 varies, and so let's take the opportunity to document when that is expected to happen and also document the context of the related calls as best as possible so we can avoid future issues, and with the hopes that the synchronous request_queue removal sticks. We revert back to synchronous request_queue removal because asynchronous removal creates a regression with expected userspace interaction with several drivers. An example is when removing the loopback driver, one uses ioctls from userspace to do so, but upon return and if successful, one expects the device to be removed. Likewise if one races to add another device the new one may not be added as it is still being removed. This was expected behavior before and it now fails as the device is still present and busy still. Moving to asynchronous request_queue removal could have broken many scripts which relied on the removal to have been completed if there was no error. Document this expectation as well so that this doesn't regress userspace again. Using asynchronous request_queue removal however has helped us find other bugs. In the future we can test what could break with this arrangement by enabling CONFIG_DEBUG_KOBJECT_RELEASE. While at it, update the docs with the context expectations for the request_queue / gendisk refcount decrement, and make these expectations explicit by using might_sleep(). Fixes: dc9edc44de6c ("block: Fix a blk_exit_rl() regression") Suggested-by: Nicolai Stange <nstange@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Reviewed-by: Bart Van Assche <bvanassche@acm.org> Cc: Bart Van Assche <bvanassche@acm.org> Cc: Omar Sandoval <osandov@fb.com> Cc: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.com> Cc: Nicolai Stange <nstange@suse.de> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Cc: yu kuai <yukuai3@huawei.com> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
2020-06-19 20:47:25 +00:00
*
* Context: Can sleep.
*/
void blk_put_queue(struct request_queue *q)
{
might_sleep();
if (refcount_dec_and_test(&q->refs))
blk_free_queue(q);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_put_queue);
void blk_queue_start_drain(struct request_queue *q)
{
/*
* When queue DYING flag is set, we need to block new req
* entering queue, so we call blk_freeze_queue_start() to
* prevent I/O from crossing blk_queue_enter().
*/
blk_freeze_queue_start(q);
if (queue_is_mq(q))
blk_mq_wake_waiters(q);
/* Make blk_queue_enter() reexamine the DYING flag. */
wake_up_all(&q->mq_freeze_wq);
}
block, scsi: Make SCSI quiesce and resume work reliably The contexts from which a SCSI device can be quiesced or resumed are: * Writing into /sys/class/scsi_device/*/device/state. * SCSI parallel (SPI) domain validation. * The SCSI device power management methods. See also scsi_bus_pm_ops. It is essential during suspend and resume that neither the filesystem state nor the filesystem metadata in RAM changes. This is why while the hibernation image is being written or restored that SCSI devices are quiesced. The SCSI core quiesces devices through scsi_device_quiesce() and scsi_device_resume(). In the SDEV_QUIESCE state execution of non-preempt requests is deferred. This is realized by returning BLKPREP_DEFER from inside scsi_prep_state_check() for quiesced SCSI devices. Avoid that a full queue prevents power management requests to be submitted by deferring allocation of non-preempt requests for devices in the quiesced state. This patch has been tested by running the following commands and by verifying that after each resume the fio job was still running: for ((i=0; i<10; i++)); do ( cd /sys/block/md0/md && while true; do [ "$(<sync_action)" = "idle" ] && echo check > sync_action sleep 1 done ) & pids=($!) for d in /sys/class/block/sd*[a-z]; do bdev=${d#/sys/class/block/} hcil=$(readlink "$d/device") hcil=${hcil#../../../} echo 4 > "$d/queue/nr_requests" echo 1 > "/sys/class/scsi_device/$hcil/device/queue_depth" fio --name="$bdev" --filename="/dev/$bdev" --buffered=0 --bs=512 \ --rw=randread --ioengine=libaio --numjobs=4 --iodepth=16 \ --iodepth_batch=1 --thread --loops=$((2**31)) & pids+=($!) done sleep 1 echo "$(date) Hibernating ..." >>hibernate-test-log.txt systemctl hibernate sleep 10 kill "${pids[@]}" echo idle > /sys/block/md0/md/sync_action wait echo "$(date) Done." >>hibernate-test-log.txt done Reported-by: Oleksandr Natalenko <oleksandr@natalenko.name> References: "I/O hangs after resuming from suspend-to-ram" (https://marc.info/?l=linux-block&m=150340235201348). Signed-off-by: Bart Van Assche <bart.vanassche@wdc.com> Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.com> Tested-by: Martin Steigerwald <martin@lichtvoll.de> Tested-by: Oleksandr Natalenko <oleksandr@natalenko.name> Cc: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com> Cc: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com> Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Cc: Johannes Thumshirn <jthumshirn@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
2017-11-09 18:49:58 +00:00
/**
* blk_queue_enter() - try to increase q->q_usage_counter
* @q: request queue pointer
* @flags: BLK_MQ_REQ_NOWAIT and/or BLK_MQ_REQ_PM
block, scsi: Make SCSI quiesce and resume work reliably The contexts from which a SCSI device can be quiesced or resumed are: * Writing into /sys/class/scsi_device/*/device/state. * SCSI parallel (SPI) domain validation. * The SCSI device power management methods. See also scsi_bus_pm_ops. It is essential during suspend and resume that neither the filesystem state nor the filesystem metadata in RAM changes. This is why while the hibernation image is being written or restored that SCSI devices are quiesced. The SCSI core quiesces devices through scsi_device_quiesce() and scsi_device_resume(). In the SDEV_QUIESCE state execution of non-preempt requests is deferred. This is realized by returning BLKPREP_DEFER from inside scsi_prep_state_check() for quiesced SCSI devices. Avoid that a full queue prevents power management requests to be submitted by deferring allocation of non-preempt requests for devices in the quiesced state. This patch has been tested by running the following commands and by verifying that after each resume the fio job was still running: for ((i=0; i<10; i++)); do ( cd /sys/block/md0/md && while true; do [ "$(<sync_action)" = "idle" ] && echo check > sync_action sleep 1 done ) & pids=($!) for d in /sys/class/block/sd*[a-z]; do bdev=${d#/sys/class/block/} hcil=$(readlink "$d/device") hcil=${hcil#../../../} echo 4 > "$d/queue/nr_requests" echo 1 > "/sys/class/scsi_device/$hcil/device/queue_depth" fio --name="$bdev" --filename="/dev/$bdev" --buffered=0 --bs=512 \ --rw=randread --ioengine=libaio --numjobs=4 --iodepth=16 \ --iodepth_batch=1 --thread --loops=$((2**31)) & pids+=($!) done sleep 1 echo "$(date) Hibernating ..." >>hibernate-test-log.txt systemctl hibernate sleep 10 kill "${pids[@]}" echo idle > /sys/block/md0/md/sync_action wait echo "$(date) Done." >>hibernate-test-log.txt done Reported-by: Oleksandr Natalenko <oleksandr@natalenko.name> References: "I/O hangs after resuming from suspend-to-ram" (https://marc.info/?l=linux-block&m=150340235201348). Signed-off-by: Bart Van Assche <bart.vanassche@wdc.com> Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.com> Tested-by: Martin Steigerwald <martin@lichtvoll.de> Tested-by: Oleksandr Natalenko <oleksandr@natalenko.name> Cc: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com> Cc: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com> Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Cc: Johannes Thumshirn <jthumshirn@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
2017-11-09 18:49:58 +00:00
*/
int blk_queue_enter(struct request_queue *q, blk_mq_req_flags_t flags)
block: generic request_queue reference counting Allow pmem, and other synchronous/bio-based block drivers, to fallback on a per-cpu reference count managed by the core for tracking queue live/dead state. The existing per-cpu reference count for the blk_mq case is promoted to be used in all block i/o scenarios. This involves initializing it by default, waiting for it to drop to zero at exit, and holding a live reference over the invocation of q->make_request_fn() in generic_make_request(). The blk_mq code continues to take its own reference per blk_mq request and retains the ability to freeze the queue, but the check that the queue is frozen is moved to generic_make_request(). This fixes crash signatures like the following: BUG: unable to handle kernel paging request at ffff880140000000 [..] Call Trace: [<ffffffff8145e8bf>] ? copy_user_handle_tail+0x5f/0x70 [<ffffffffa004e1e0>] pmem_do_bvec.isra.11+0x70/0xf0 [nd_pmem] [<ffffffffa004e331>] pmem_make_request+0xd1/0x200 [nd_pmem] [<ffffffff811c3162>] ? mempool_alloc+0x72/0x1a0 [<ffffffff8141f8b6>] generic_make_request+0xd6/0x110 [<ffffffff8141f966>] submit_bio+0x76/0x170 [<ffffffff81286dff>] submit_bh_wbc+0x12f/0x160 [<ffffffff81286e62>] submit_bh+0x12/0x20 [<ffffffff813395bd>] jbd2_write_superblock+0x8d/0x170 [<ffffffff8133974d>] jbd2_mark_journal_empty+0x5d/0x90 [<ffffffff813399cb>] jbd2_journal_destroy+0x24b/0x270 [<ffffffff810bc4ca>] ? put_pwq_unlocked+0x2a/0x30 [<ffffffff810bc6f5>] ? destroy_workqueue+0x225/0x250 [<ffffffff81303494>] ext4_put_super+0x64/0x360 [<ffffffff8124ab1a>] generic_shutdown_super+0x6a/0xf0 Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> Cc: Keith Busch <keith.busch@intel.com> Cc: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com> Suggested-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Tested-by: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
2015-10-21 17:20:12 +00:00
{
const bool pm = flags & BLK_MQ_REQ_PM;
block, scsi: Make SCSI quiesce and resume work reliably The contexts from which a SCSI device can be quiesced or resumed are: * Writing into /sys/class/scsi_device/*/device/state. * SCSI parallel (SPI) domain validation. * The SCSI device power management methods. See also scsi_bus_pm_ops. It is essential during suspend and resume that neither the filesystem state nor the filesystem metadata in RAM changes. This is why while the hibernation image is being written or restored that SCSI devices are quiesced. The SCSI core quiesces devices through scsi_device_quiesce() and scsi_device_resume(). In the SDEV_QUIESCE state execution of non-preempt requests is deferred. This is realized by returning BLKPREP_DEFER from inside scsi_prep_state_check() for quiesced SCSI devices. Avoid that a full queue prevents power management requests to be submitted by deferring allocation of non-preempt requests for devices in the quiesced state. This patch has been tested by running the following commands and by verifying that after each resume the fio job was still running: for ((i=0; i<10; i++)); do ( cd /sys/block/md0/md && while true; do [ "$(<sync_action)" = "idle" ] && echo check > sync_action sleep 1 done ) & pids=($!) for d in /sys/class/block/sd*[a-z]; do bdev=${d#/sys/class/block/} hcil=$(readlink "$d/device") hcil=${hcil#../../../} echo 4 > "$d/queue/nr_requests" echo 1 > "/sys/class/scsi_device/$hcil/device/queue_depth" fio --name="$bdev" --filename="/dev/$bdev" --buffered=0 --bs=512 \ --rw=randread --ioengine=libaio --numjobs=4 --iodepth=16 \ --iodepth_batch=1 --thread --loops=$((2**31)) & pids+=($!) done sleep 1 echo "$(date) Hibernating ..." >>hibernate-test-log.txt systemctl hibernate sleep 10 kill "${pids[@]}" echo idle > /sys/block/md0/md/sync_action wait echo "$(date) Done." >>hibernate-test-log.txt done Reported-by: Oleksandr Natalenko <oleksandr@natalenko.name> References: "I/O hangs after resuming from suspend-to-ram" (https://marc.info/?l=linux-block&m=150340235201348). Signed-off-by: Bart Van Assche <bart.vanassche@wdc.com> Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.com> Tested-by: Martin Steigerwald <martin@lichtvoll.de> Tested-by: Oleksandr Natalenko <oleksandr@natalenko.name> Cc: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com> Cc: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com> Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Cc: Johannes Thumshirn <jthumshirn@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
2017-11-09 18:49:58 +00:00
while (!blk_try_enter_queue(q, pm)) {
block, scsi: Make SCSI quiesce and resume work reliably The contexts from which a SCSI device can be quiesced or resumed are: * Writing into /sys/class/scsi_device/*/device/state. * SCSI parallel (SPI) domain validation. * The SCSI device power management methods. See also scsi_bus_pm_ops. It is essential during suspend and resume that neither the filesystem state nor the filesystem metadata in RAM changes. This is why while the hibernation image is being written or restored that SCSI devices are quiesced. The SCSI core quiesces devices through scsi_device_quiesce() and scsi_device_resume(). In the SDEV_QUIESCE state execution of non-preempt requests is deferred. This is realized by returning BLKPREP_DEFER from inside scsi_prep_state_check() for quiesced SCSI devices. Avoid that a full queue prevents power management requests to be submitted by deferring allocation of non-preempt requests for devices in the quiesced state. This patch has been tested by running the following commands and by verifying that after each resume the fio job was still running: for ((i=0; i<10; i++)); do ( cd /sys/block/md0/md && while true; do [ "$(<sync_action)" = "idle" ] && echo check > sync_action sleep 1 done ) & pids=($!) for d in /sys/class/block/sd*[a-z]; do bdev=${d#/sys/class/block/} hcil=$(readlink "$d/device") hcil=${hcil#../../../} echo 4 > "$d/queue/nr_requests" echo 1 > "/sys/class/scsi_device/$hcil/device/queue_depth" fio --name="$bdev" --filename="/dev/$bdev" --buffered=0 --bs=512 \ --rw=randread --ioengine=libaio --numjobs=4 --iodepth=16 \ --iodepth_batch=1 --thread --loops=$((2**31)) & pids+=($!) done sleep 1 echo "$(date) Hibernating ..." >>hibernate-test-log.txt systemctl hibernate sleep 10 kill "${pids[@]}" echo idle > /sys/block/md0/md/sync_action wait echo "$(date) Done." >>hibernate-test-log.txt done Reported-by: Oleksandr Natalenko <oleksandr@natalenko.name> References: "I/O hangs after resuming from suspend-to-ram" (https://marc.info/?l=linux-block&m=150340235201348). Signed-off-by: Bart Van Assche <bart.vanassche@wdc.com> Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.com> Tested-by: Martin Steigerwald <martin@lichtvoll.de> Tested-by: Oleksandr Natalenko <oleksandr@natalenko.name> Cc: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com> Cc: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com> Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Cc: Johannes Thumshirn <jthumshirn@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
2017-11-09 18:49:58 +00:00
if (flags & BLK_MQ_REQ_NOWAIT)
return -EAGAIN;
block: generic request_queue reference counting Allow pmem, and other synchronous/bio-based block drivers, to fallback on a per-cpu reference count managed by the core for tracking queue live/dead state. The existing per-cpu reference count for the blk_mq case is promoted to be used in all block i/o scenarios. This involves initializing it by default, waiting for it to drop to zero at exit, and holding a live reference over the invocation of q->make_request_fn() in generic_make_request(). The blk_mq code continues to take its own reference per blk_mq request and retains the ability to freeze the queue, but the check that the queue is frozen is moved to generic_make_request(). This fixes crash signatures like the following: BUG: unable to handle kernel paging request at ffff880140000000 [..] Call Trace: [<ffffffff8145e8bf>] ? copy_user_handle_tail+0x5f/0x70 [<ffffffffa004e1e0>] pmem_do_bvec.isra.11+0x70/0xf0 [nd_pmem] [<ffffffffa004e331>] pmem_make_request+0xd1/0x200 [nd_pmem] [<ffffffff811c3162>] ? mempool_alloc+0x72/0x1a0 [<ffffffff8141f8b6>] generic_make_request+0xd6/0x110 [<ffffffff8141f966>] submit_bio+0x76/0x170 [<ffffffff81286dff>] submit_bh_wbc+0x12f/0x160 [<ffffffff81286e62>] submit_bh+0x12/0x20 [<ffffffff813395bd>] jbd2_write_superblock+0x8d/0x170 [<ffffffff8133974d>] jbd2_mark_journal_empty+0x5d/0x90 [<ffffffff813399cb>] jbd2_journal_destroy+0x24b/0x270 [<ffffffff810bc4ca>] ? put_pwq_unlocked+0x2a/0x30 [<ffffffff810bc6f5>] ? destroy_workqueue+0x225/0x250 [<ffffffff81303494>] ext4_put_super+0x64/0x360 [<ffffffff8124ab1a>] generic_shutdown_super+0x6a/0xf0 Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> Cc: Keith Busch <keith.busch@intel.com> Cc: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com> Suggested-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Tested-by: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
2015-10-21 17:20:12 +00:00
/*
* read pair of barrier in blk_freeze_queue_start(), we need to
* order reading __PERCPU_REF_DEAD flag of .q_usage_counter and
* reading .mq_freeze_depth or queue dying flag, otherwise the
* following wait may never return if the two reads are
* reordered.
*/
smp_rmb();
wait_event(q->mq_freeze_wq,
blk-mq: fix hang caused by freeze/unfreeze sequence The following is a description of a hang in blk_mq_freeze_queue_wait(). The hang happens on attempt to freeze a queue while another task does queue unfreeze. The root cause is an incorrect sequence of percpu_ref_resurrect() and percpu_ref_kill() and as a result those two can be swapped: CPU#0 CPU#1 ---------------- ----------------- q1 = blk_mq_init_queue(shared_tags) q2 = blk_mq_init_queue(shared_tags): blk_mq_add_queue_tag_set(shared_tags): blk_mq_update_tag_set_depth(shared_tags): list_for_each_entry() blk_mq_freeze_queue(q1) > percpu_ref_kill() > blk_mq_freeze_queue_wait() blk_cleanup_queue(q1) blk_mq_freeze_queue(q1) > percpu_ref_kill() ^^^^^^ freeze_depth can't guarantee the order blk_mq_unfreeze_queue() > percpu_ref_resurrect() > blk_mq_freeze_queue_wait() ^^^^^^ Hang here!!!! This wrong sequence raises kernel warning: percpu_ref_kill_and_confirm called more than once on blk_queue_usage_counter_release! WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 11854 at lib/percpu-refcount.c:336 percpu_ref_kill_and_confirm+0x99/0xb0 But the most unpleasant effect is a hang of a blk_mq_freeze_queue_wait(), which waits for a zero of a q_usage_counter, which never happens because percpu-ref was reinited (instead of being killed) and stays in PERCPU state forever. How to reproduce: - "insmod null_blk.ko shared_tags=1 nr_devices=0 queue_mode=2" - cpu0: python Script.py 0; taskset the corresponding process running on cpu0 - cpu1: python Script.py 1; taskset the corresponding process running on cpu1 Script.py: ------ #!/usr/bin/python3 import os import sys while True: on = "echo 1 > /sys/kernel/config/nullb/%s/power" % sys.argv[1] off = "echo 0 > /sys/kernel/config/nullb/%s/power" % sys.argv[1] os.system(on) os.system(off) ------ This bug was first reported and fixed by Roman, previous discussion: [1] Message id: 1443287365-4244-7-git-send-email-akinobu.mita@gmail.com [2] Message id: 1443563240-29306-6-git-send-email-tj@kernel.org [3] https://patchwork.kernel.org/patch/9268199/ Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.com> Reviewed-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Bart Van Assche <bvanassche@acm.org> Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Roman Pen <roman.penyaev@profitbricks.com> Signed-off-by: Bob Liu <bob.liu@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
2019-05-21 03:25:55 +00:00
(!q->mq_freeze_depth &&
scsi: block: Do not accept any requests while suspended blk_queue_enter() accepts BLK_MQ_REQ_PM requests independent of the runtime power management state. Now that SCSI domain validation no longer depends on this behavior, modify the behavior of blk_queue_enter() as follows: - Do not accept any requests while suspended. - Only process power management requests while suspending or resuming. Submitting BLK_MQ_REQ_PM requests to a device that is runtime suspended causes runtime-suspended devices not to resume as they should. The request which should cause a runtime resume instead gets issued directly, without resuming the device first. Of course the device can't handle it properly, the I/O fails, and the device remains suspended. The problem is fixed by checking that the queue's runtime-PM status isn't RPM_SUSPENDED before allowing a request to be issued, and queuing a runtime-resume request if it is. In particular, the inline blk_pm_request_resume() routine is renamed blk_pm_resume_queue() and the code is unified by merging the surrounding checks into the routine. If the queue isn't set up for runtime PM, or there currently is no restriction on allowed requests, the request is allowed. Likewise if the BLK_MQ_REQ_PM flag is set and the status isn't RPM_SUSPENDED. Otherwise a runtime resume is queued and the request is blocked until conditions are more suitable. [ bvanassche: modified commit message and removed Cc: stable because without the previous patches from this series this patch would break parallel SCSI domain validation + introduced queue_rpm_status() ] Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20201209052951.16136-9-bvanassche@acm.org Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Cc: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de> Cc: Can Guo <cang@codeaurora.org> Cc: Stanley Chu <stanley.chu@mediatek.com> Cc: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com> Cc: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com> Reported-and-tested-by: Martin Kepplinger <martin.kepplinger@puri.sm> Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de> Reviewed-by: Can Guo <cang@codeaurora.org> Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu> Signed-off-by: Bart Van Assche <bvanassche@acm.org> Signed-off-by: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
2020-12-09 05:29:51 +00:00
blk_pm_resume_queue(pm, q)) ||
blk_queue_dying(q));
block: generic request_queue reference counting Allow pmem, and other synchronous/bio-based block drivers, to fallback on a per-cpu reference count managed by the core for tracking queue live/dead state. The existing per-cpu reference count for the blk_mq case is promoted to be used in all block i/o scenarios. This involves initializing it by default, waiting for it to drop to zero at exit, and holding a live reference over the invocation of q->make_request_fn() in generic_make_request(). The blk_mq code continues to take its own reference per blk_mq request and retains the ability to freeze the queue, but the check that the queue is frozen is moved to generic_make_request(). This fixes crash signatures like the following: BUG: unable to handle kernel paging request at ffff880140000000 [..] Call Trace: [<ffffffff8145e8bf>] ? copy_user_handle_tail+0x5f/0x70 [<ffffffffa004e1e0>] pmem_do_bvec.isra.11+0x70/0xf0 [nd_pmem] [<ffffffffa004e331>] pmem_make_request+0xd1/0x200 [nd_pmem] [<ffffffff811c3162>] ? mempool_alloc+0x72/0x1a0 [<ffffffff8141f8b6>] generic_make_request+0xd6/0x110 [<ffffffff8141f966>] submit_bio+0x76/0x170 [<ffffffff81286dff>] submit_bh_wbc+0x12f/0x160 [<ffffffff81286e62>] submit_bh+0x12/0x20 [<ffffffff813395bd>] jbd2_write_superblock+0x8d/0x170 [<ffffffff8133974d>] jbd2_mark_journal_empty+0x5d/0x90 [<ffffffff813399cb>] jbd2_journal_destroy+0x24b/0x270 [<ffffffff810bc4ca>] ? put_pwq_unlocked+0x2a/0x30 [<ffffffff810bc6f5>] ? destroy_workqueue+0x225/0x250 [<ffffffff81303494>] ext4_put_super+0x64/0x360 [<ffffffff8124ab1a>] generic_shutdown_super+0x6a/0xf0 Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> Cc: Keith Busch <keith.busch@intel.com> Cc: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com> Suggested-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Tested-by: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
2015-10-21 17:20:12 +00:00
if (blk_queue_dying(q))
return -ENODEV;
}
return 0;
block: generic request_queue reference counting Allow pmem, and other synchronous/bio-based block drivers, to fallback on a per-cpu reference count managed by the core for tracking queue live/dead state. The existing per-cpu reference count for the blk_mq case is promoted to be used in all block i/o scenarios. This involves initializing it by default, waiting for it to drop to zero at exit, and holding a live reference over the invocation of q->make_request_fn() in generic_make_request(). The blk_mq code continues to take its own reference per blk_mq request and retains the ability to freeze the queue, but the check that the queue is frozen is moved to generic_make_request(). This fixes crash signatures like the following: BUG: unable to handle kernel paging request at ffff880140000000 [..] Call Trace: [<ffffffff8145e8bf>] ? copy_user_handle_tail+0x5f/0x70 [<ffffffffa004e1e0>] pmem_do_bvec.isra.11+0x70/0xf0 [nd_pmem] [<ffffffffa004e331>] pmem_make_request+0xd1/0x200 [nd_pmem] [<ffffffff811c3162>] ? mempool_alloc+0x72/0x1a0 [<ffffffff8141f8b6>] generic_make_request+0xd6/0x110 [<ffffffff8141f966>] submit_bio+0x76/0x170 [<ffffffff81286dff>] submit_bh_wbc+0x12f/0x160 [<ffffffff81286e62>] submit_bh+0x12/0x20 [<ffffffff813395bd>] jbd2_write_superblock+0x8d/0x170 [<ffffffff8133974d>] jbd2_mark_journal_empty+0x5d/0x90 [<ffffffff813399cb>] jbd2_journal_destroy+0x24b/0x270 [<ffffffff810bc4ca>] ? put_pwq_unlocked+0x2a/0x30 [<ffffffff810bc6f5>] ? destroy_workqueue+0x225/0x250 [<ffffffff81303494>] ext4_put_super+0x64/0x360 [<ffffffff8124ab1a>] generic_shutdown_super+0x6a/0xf0 Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> Cc: Keith Busch <keith.busch@intel.com> Cc: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com> Suggested-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Tested-by: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
2015-10-21 17:20:12 +00:00
}
int __bio_queue_enter(struct request_queue *q, struct bio *bio)
{
while (!blk_try_enter_queue(q, false)) {
struct gendisk *disk = bio->bi_bdev->bd_disk;
if (bio->bi_opf & REQ_NOWAIT) {
if (test_bit(GD_DEAD, &disk->state))
goto dead;
bio_wouldblock_error(bio);
return -EAGAIN;
}
/*
* read pair of barrier in blk_freeze_queue_start(), we need to
* order reading __PERCPU_REF_DEAD flag of .q_usage_counter and
* reading .mq_freeze_depth or queue dying flag, otherwise the
* following wait may never return if the two reads are
* reordered.
*/
smp_rmb();
wait_event(q->mq_freeze_wq,
(!q->mq_freeze_depth &&
blk_pm_resume_queue(false, q)) ||
test_bit(GD_DEAD, &disk->state));
if (test_bit(GD_DEAD, &disk->state))
goto dead;
}
return 0;
dead:
bio_io_error(bio);
return -ENODEV;
}
block: generic request_queue reference counting Allow pmem, and other synchronous/bio-based block drivers, to fallback on a per-cpu reference count managed by the core for tracking queue live/dead state. The existing per-cpu reference count for the blk_mq case is promoted to be used in all block i/o scenarios. This involves initializing it by default, waiting for it to drop to zero at exit, and holding a live reference over the invocation of q->make_request_fn() in generic_make_request(). The blk_mq code continues to take its own reference per blk_mq request and retains the ability to freeze the queue, but the check that the queue is frozen is moved to generic_make_request(). This fixes crash signatures like the following: BUG: unable to handle kernel paging request at ffff880140000000 [..] Call Trace: [<ffffffff8145e8bf>] ? copy_user_handle_tail+0x5f/0x70 [<ffffffffa004e1e0>] pmem_do_bvec.isra.11+0x70/0xf0 [nd_pmem] [<ffffffffa004e331>] pmem_make_request+0xd1/0x200 [nd_pmem] [<ffffffff811c3162>] ? mempool_alloc+0x72/0x1a0 [<ffffffff8141f8b6>] generic_make_request+0xd6/0x110 [<ffffffff8141f966>] submit_bio+0x76/0x170 [<ffffffff81286dff>] submit_bh_wbc+0x12f/0x160 [<ffffffff81286e62>] submit_bh+0x12/0x20 [<ffffffff813395bd>] jbd2_write_superblock+0x8d/0x170 [<ffffffff8133974d>] jbd2_mark_journal_empty+0x5d/0x90 [<ffffffff813399cb>] jbd2_journal_destroy+0x24b/0x270 [<ffffffff810bc4ca>] ? put_pwq_unlocked+0x2a/0x30 [<ffffffff810bc6f5>] ? destroy_workqueue+0x225/0x250 [<ffffffff81303494>] ext4_put_super+0x64/0x360 [<ffffffff8124ab1a>] generic_shutdown_super+0x6a/0xf0 Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> Cc: Keith Busch <keith.busch@intel.com> Cc: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com> Suggested-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Tested-by: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
2015-10-21 17:20:12 +00:00
void blk_queue_exit(struct request_queue *q)
{
percpu_ref_put(&q->q_usage_counter);
}
static void blk_queue_usage_counter_release(struct percpu_ref *ref)
{
struct request_queue *q =
container_of(ref, struct request_queue, q_usage_counter);
wake_up_all(&q->mq_freeze_wq);
}
static void blk_rq_timed_out_timer(struct timer_list *t)
{
struct request_queue *q = from_timer(q, t, timeout);
kblockd_schedule_work(&q->timeout_work);
}
static void blk_timeout_work(struct work_struct *work)
{
}
struct request_queue *blk_alloc_queue(int node_id)
{
struct request_queue *q;
q = kmem_cache_alloc_node(blk_requestq_cachep, GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_ZERO,
node_id);
if (!q)
return NULL;
q->last_merge = NULL;
q->id = ida_alloc(&blk_queue_ida, GFP_KERNEL);
if (q->id < 0)
goto fail_q;
q->stats = blk_alloc_queue_stats();
if (!q->stats)
goto fail_id;
q->node = node_id;
atomic_set(&q->nr_active_requests_shared_tags, 0);
timer_setup(&q->timeout, blk_rq_timed_out_timer, 0);
INIT_WORK(&q->timeout_work, blk_timeout_work);
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&q->icq_list);
refcount_set(&q->refs, 1);
mutex_init(&q->debugfs_mutex);
mutex_init(&q->sysfs_lock);
block: split .sysfs_lock into two locks The kernfs built-in lock of 'kn->count' is held in sysfs .show/.store path. Meantime, inside block's .show/.store callback, q->sysfs_lock is required. However, when mq & iosched kobjects are removed via blk_mq_unregister_dev() & elv_unregister_queue(), q->sysfs_lock is held too. This way causes AB-BA lock because the kernfs built-in lock of 'kn-count' is required inside kobject_del() too, see the lockdep warning[1]. On the other hand, it isn't necessary to acquire q->sysfs_lock for both blk_mq_unregister_dev() & elv_unregister_queue() because clearing REGISTERED flag prevents storing to 'queue/scheduler' from being happened. Also sysfs write(store) is exclusive, so no necessary to hold the lock for elv_unregister_queue() when it is called in switching elevator path. So split .sysfs_lock into two: one is still named as .sysfs_lock for covering sync .store, the other one is named as .sysfs_dir_lock for covering kobjects and related status change. sysfs itself can handle the race between add/remove kobjects and showing/storing attributes under kobjects. For switching scheduler via storing to 'queue/scheduler', we use the queue flag of QUEUE_FLAG_REGISTERED with .sysfs_lock for avoiding the race, then we can avoid to hold .sysfs_lock during removing/adding kobjects. [1] lockdep warning ====================================================== WARNING: possible circular locking dependency detected 5.3.0-rc3-00044-g73277fc75ea0 #1380 Not tainted ------------------------------------------------------ rmmod/777 is trying to acquire lock: 00000000ac50e981 (kn->count#202){++++}, at: kernfs_remove_by_name_ns+0x59/0x72 but task is already holding lock: 00000000fb16ae21 (&q->sysfs_lock){+.+.}, at: blk_unregister_queue+0x78/0x10b which lock already depends on the new lock. the existing dependency chain (in reverse order) is: -> #1 (&q->sysfs_lock){+.+.}: __lock_acquire+0x95f/0xa2f lock_acquire+0x1b4/0x1e8 __mutex_lock+0x14a/0xa9b blk_mq_hw_sysfs_show+0x63/0xb6 sysfs_kf_seq_show+0x11f/0x196 seq_read+0x2cd/0x5f2 vfs_read+0xc7/0x18c ksys_read+0xc4/0x13e do_syscall_64+0xa7/0x295 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x49/0xbe -> #0 (kn->count#202){++++}: check_prev_add+0x5d2/0xc45 validate_chain+0xed3/0xf94 __lock_acquire+0x95f/0xa2f lock_acquire+0x1b4/0x1e8 __kernfs_remove+0x237/0x40b kernfs_remove_by_name_ns+0x59/0x72 remove_files+0x61/0x96 sysfs_remove_group+0x81/0xa4 sysfs_remove_groups+0x3b/0x44 kobject_del+0x44/0x94 blk_mq_unregister_dev+0x83/0xdd blk_unregister_queue+0xa0/0x10b del_gendisk+0x259/0x3fa null_del_dev+0x8b/0x1c3 [null_blk] null_exit+0x5c/0x95 [null_blk] __se_sys_delete_module+0x204/0x337 do_syscall_64+0xa7/0x295 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x49/0xbe other info that might help us debug this: Possible unsafe locking scenario: CPU0 CPU1 ---- ---- lock(&q->sysfs_lock); lock(kn->count#202); lock(&q->sysfs_lock); lock(kn->count#202); *** DEADLOCK *** 2 locks held by rmmod/777: #0: 00000000e69bd9de (&lock){+.+.}, at: null_exit+0x2e/0x95 [null_blk] #1: 00000000fb16ae21 (&q->sysfs_lock){+.+.}, at: blk_unregister_queue+0x78/0x10b stack backtrace: CPU: 0 PID: 777 Comm: rmmod Not tainted 5.3.0-rc3-00044-g73277fc75ea0 #1380 Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS ?-20180724_192412-buildhw-07.phx4 Call Trace: dump_stack+0x9a/0xe6 check_noncircular+0x207/0x251 ? print_circular_bug+0x32a/0x32a ? find_usage_backwards+0x84/0xb0 check_prev_add+0x5d2/0xc45 validate_chain+0xed3/0xf94 ? check_prev_add+0xc45/0xc45 ? mark_lock+0x11b/0x804 ? check_usage_forwards+0x1ca/0x1ca __lock_acquire+0x95f/0xa2f lock_acquire+0x1b4/0x1e8 ? kernfs_remove_by_name_ns+0x59/0x72 __kernfs_remove+0x237/0x40b ? kernfs_remove_by_name_ns+0x59/0x72 ? kernfs_next_descendant_post+0x7d/0x7d ? strlen+0x10/0x23 ? strcmp+0x22/0x44 kernfs_remove_by_name_ns+0x59/0x72 remove_files+0x61/0x96 sysfs_remove_group+0x81/0xa4 sysfs_remove_groups+0x3b/0x44 kobject_del+0x44/0x94 blk_mq_unregister_dev+0x83/0xdd blk_unregister_queue+0xa0/0x10b del_gendisk+0x259/0x3fa ? disk_events_poll_msecs_store+0x12b/0x12b ? check_flags+0x1ea/0x204 ? mark_held_locks+0x1f/0x7a null_del_dev+0x8b/0x1c3 [null_blk] null_exit+0x5c/0x95 [null_blk] __se_sys_delete_module+0x204/0x337 ? free_module+0x39f/0x39f ? blkcg_maybe_throttle_current+0x8a/0x718 ? rwlock_bug+0x62/0x62 ? __blkcg_punt_bio_submit+0xd0/0xd0 ? trace_hardirqs_on_thunk+0x1a/0x20 ? mark_held_locks+0x1f/0x7a ? do_syscall_64+0x4c/0x295 do_syscall_64+0xa7/0x295 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x49/0xbe RIP: 0033:0x7fb696cdbe6b Code: 73 01 c3 48 8b 0d 1d 20 0c 00 f7 d8 64 89 01 48 83 c8 ff c3 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 008 RSP: 002b:00007ffec9588788 EFLAGS: 00000206 ORIG_RAX: 00000000000000b0 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 0000559e589137c0 RCX: 00007fb696cdbe6b RDX: 000000000000000a RSI: 0000000000000800 RDI: 0000559e58913828 RBP: 0000000000000000 R08: 00007ffec9587701 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 00007fb696d4eae0 R11: 0000000000000206 R12: 00007ffec95889b0 R13: 00007ffec95896b3 R14: 0000559e58913260 R15: 0000559e589137c0 Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org> Cc: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.com> Cc: Greg KH <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: Mike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Bart Van Assche <bvanassche@acm.org> Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
2019-08-27 11:01:48 +00:00
mutex_init(&q->sysfs_dir_lock);
spin_lock_init(&q->queue_lock);
block: Initialize ->queue_lock to internal lock at queue allocation time There does not seem to be a clear convention whether q->queue_lock is initialized or not when blk_cleanup_queue() is called. In the past it was not necessary but now blk_throtl_exit() takes up queue lock by default and needs queue lock to be available. In fact elevator_exit() code also has similar requirement just that it is less stringent in the sense that elevator_exit() is called only if elevator is initialized. Two problems have been noticed because of ambiguity about spin lock status. - If a driver calls blk_alloc_queue() and then soon calls blk_cleanup_queue() almost immediately, (because some other driver structure allocation failed or some other error happened) then blk_throtl_exit() will run into issues as queue lock is not initialized. Loop driver ran into this issue recently and I noticed error paths in md driver too. Similar error paths should exist in other drivers too. - If some driver provided external spin lock and zapped the lock before blk_cleanup_queue(), then it can lead to issues. So this patch initializes the default queue lock at queue allocation time. block throttling code is one of the users of queue lock and it is initialized at the queue allocation time, so it makes sense to initialize ->queue_lock also to internal lock. A driver can overide that lock later. This will take care of the issue where a driver does not have to worry about initializing the queue lock to default before calling blk_cleanup_queue() Signed-off-by: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
2011-03-03 00:04:42 +00:00
blk-mq: new multi-queue block IO queueing mechanism Linux currently has two models for block devices: - The classic request_fn based approach, where drivers use struct request units for IO. The block layer provides various helper functionalities to let drivers share code, things like tag management, timeout handling, queueing, etc. - The "stacked" approach, where a driver squeezes in between the block layer and IO submitter. Since this bypasses the IO stack, driver generally have to manage everything themselves. With drivers being written for new high IOPS devices, the classic request_fn based driver doesn't work well enough. The design dates back to when both SMP and high IOPS was rare. It has problems with scaling to bigger machines, and runs into scaling issues even on smaller machines when you have IOPS in the hundreds of thousands per device. The stacked approach is then most often selected as the model for the driver. But this means that everybody has to re-invent everything, and along with that we get all the problems again that the shared approach solved. This commit introduces blk-mq, block multi queue support. The design is centered around per-cpu queues for queueing IO, which then funnel down into x number of hardware submission queues. We might have a 1:1 mapping between the two, or it might be an N:M mapping. That all depends on what the hardware supports. blk-mq provides various helper functions, which include: - Scalable support for request tagging. Most devices need to be able to uniquely identify a request both in the driver and to the hardware. The tagging uses per-cpu caches for freed tags, to enable cache hot reuse. - Timeout handling without tracking request on a per-device basis. Basically the driver should be able to get a notification, if a request happens to fail. - Optional support for non 1:1 mappings between issue and submission queues. blk-mq can redirect IO completions to the desired location. - Support for per-request payloads. Drivers almost always need to associate a request structure with some driver private command structure. Drivers can tell blk-mq this at init time, and then any request handed to the driver will have the required size of memory associated with it. - Support for merging of IO, and plugging. The stacked model gets neither of these. Even for high IOPS devices, merging sequential IO reduces per-command overhead and thus increases bandwidth. For now, this is provided as a potential 3rd queueing model, with the hope being that, as it matures, it can replace both the classic and stacked model. That would get us back to having just 1 real model for block devices, leaving the stacked approach to dm/md devices (as it was originally intended). Contributions in this patch from the following people: Shaohua Li <shli@fusionio.com> Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@redhat.com> Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org> Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu> Matias Bjorling <m@bjorling.me> Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com> Acked-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
2013-10-24 08:20:05 +00:00
init_waitqueue_head(&q->mq_freeze_wq);
blk-mq: fix hang caused by freeze/unfreeze sequence The following is a description of a hang in blk_mq_freeze_queue_wait(). The hang happens on attempt to freeze a queue while another task does queue unfreeze. The root cause is an incorrect sequence of percpu_ref_resurrect() and percpu_ref_kill() and as a result those two can be swapped: CPU#0 CPU#1 ---------------- ----------------- q1 = blk_mq_init_queue(shared_tags) q2 = blk_mq_init_queue(shared_tags): blk_mq_add_queue_tag_set(shared_tags): blk_mq_update_tag_set_depth(shared_tags): list_for_each_entry() blk_mq_freeze_queue(q1) > percpu_ref_kill() > blk_mq_freeze_queue_wait() blk_cleanup_queue(q1) blk_mq_freeze_queue(q1) > percpu_ref_kill() ^^^^^^ freeze_depth can't guarantee the order blk_mq_unfreeze_queue() > percpu_ref_resurrect() > blk_mq_freeze_queue_wait() ^^^^^^ Hang here!!!! This wrong sequence raises kernel warning: percpu_ref_kill_and_confirm called more than once on blk_queue_usage_counter_release! WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 11854 at lib/percpu-refcount.c:336 percpu_ref_kill_and_confirm+0x99/0xb0 But the most unpleasant effect is a hang of a blk_mq_freeze_queue_wait(), which waits for a zero of a q_usage_counter, which never happens because percpu-ref was reinited (instead of being killed) and stays in PERCPU state forever. How to reproduce: - "insmod null_blk.ko shared_tags=1 nr_devices=0 queue_mode=2" - cpu0: python Script.py 0; taskset the corresponding process running on cpu0 - cpu1: python Script.py 1; taskset the corresponding process running on cpu1 Script.py: ------ #!/usr/bin/python3 import os import sys while True: on = "echo 1 > /sys/kernel/config/nullb/%s/power" % sys.argv[1] off = "echo 0 > /sys/kernel/config/nullb/%s/power" % sys.argv[1] os.system(on) os.system(off) ------ This bug was first reported and fixed by Roman, previous discussion: [1] Message id: 1443287365-4244-7-git-send-email-akinobu.mita@gmail.com [2] Message id: 1443563240-29306-6-git-send-email-tj@kernel.org [3] https://patchwork.kernel.org/patch/9268199/ Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.com> Reviewed-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Bart Van Assche <bvanassche@acm.org> Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Roman Pen <roman.penyaev@profitbricks.com> Signed-off-by: Bob Liu <bob.liu@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
2019-05-21 03:25:55 +00:00
mutex_init(&q->mq_freeze_lock);
blk-mq: new multi-queue block IO queueing mechanism Linux currently has two models for block devices: - The classic request_fn based approach, where drivers use struct request units for IO. The block layer provides various helper functionalities to let drivers share code, things like tag management, timeout handling, queueing, etc. - The "stacked" approach, where a driver squeezes in between the block layer and IO submitter. Since this bypasses the IO stack, driver generally have to manage everything themselves. With drivers being written for new high IOPS devices, the classic request_fn based driver doesn't work well enough. The design dates back to when both SMP and high IOPS was rare. It has problems with scaling to bigger machines, and runs into scaling issues even on smaller machines when you have IOPS in the hundreds of thousands per device. The stacked approach is then most often selected as the model for the driver. But this means that everybody has to re-invent everything, and along with that we get all the problems again that the shared approach solved. This commit introduces blk-mq, block multi queue support. The design is centered around per-cpu queues for queueing IO, which then funnel down into x number of hardware submission queues. We might have a 1:1 mapping between the two, or it might be an N:M mapping. That all depends on what the hardware supports. blk-mq provides various helper functions, which include: - Scalable support for request tagging. Most devices need to be able to uniquely identify a request both in the driver and to the hardware. The tagging uses per-cpu caches for freed tags, to enable cache hot reuse. - Timeout handling without tracking request on a per-device basis. Basically the driver should be able to get a notification, if a request happens to fail. - Optional support for non 1:1 mappings between issue and submission queues. blk-mq can redirect IO completions to the desired location. - Support for per-request payloads. Drivers almost always need to associate a request structure with some driver private command structure. Drivers can tell blk-mq this at init time, and then any request handed to the driver will have the required size of memory associated with it. - Support for merging of IO, and plugging. The stacked model gets neither of these. Even for high IOPS devices, merging sequential IO reduces per-command overhead and thus increases bandwidth. For now, this is provided as a potential 3rd queueing model, with the hope being that, as it matures, it can replace both the classic and stacked model. That would get us back to having just 1 real model for block devices, leaving the stacked approach to dm/md devices (as it was originally intended). Contributions in this patch from the following people: Shaohua Li <shli@fusionio.com> Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@redhat.com> Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org> Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu> Matias Bjorling <m@bjorling.me> Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com> Acked-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
2013-10-24 08:20:05 +00:00
block: generic request_queue reference counting Allow pmem, and other synchronous/bio-based block drivers, to fallback on a per-cpu reference count managed by the core for tracking queue live/dead state. The existing per-cpu reference count for the blk_mq case is promoted to be used in all block i/o scenarios. This involves initializing it by default, waiting for it to drop to zero at exit, and holding a live reference over the invocation of q->make_request_fn() in generic_make_request(). The blk_mq code continues to take its own reference per blk_mq request and retains the ability to freeze the queue, but the check that the queue is frozen is moved to generic_make_request(). This fixes crash signatures like the following: BUG: unable to handle kernel paging request at ffff880140000000 [..] Call Trace: [<ffffffff8145e8bf>] ? copy_user_handle_tail+0x5f/0x70 [<ffffffffa004e1e0>] pmem_do_bvec.isra.11+0x70/0xf0 [nd_pmem] [<ffffffffa004e331>] pmem_make_request+0xd1/0x200 [nd_pmem] [<ffffffff811c3162>] ? mempool_alloc+0x72/0x1a0 [<ffffffff8141f8b6>] generic_make_request+0xd6/0x110 [<ffffffff8141f966>] submit_bio+0x76/0x170 [<ffffffff81286dff>] submit_bh_wbc+0x12f/0x160 [<ffffffff81286e62>] submit_bh+0x12/0x20 [<ffffffff813395bd>] jbd2_write_superblock+0x8d/0x170 [<ffffffff8133974d>] jbd2_mark_journal_empty+0x5d/0x90 [<ffffffff813399cb>] jbd2_journal_destroy+0x24b/0x270 [<ffffffff810bc4ca>] ? put_pwq_unlocked+0x2a/0x30 [<ffffffff810bc6f5>] ? destroy_workqueue+0x225/0x250 [<ffffffff81303494>] ext4_put_super+0x64/0x360 [<ffffffff8124ab1a>] generic_shutdown_super+0x6a/0xf0 Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> Cc: Keith Busch <keith.busch@intel.com> Cc: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com> Suggested-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Tested-by: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
2015-10-21 17:20:12 +00:00
/*
* Init percpu_ref in atomic mode so that it's faster to shutdown.
* See blk_register_queue() for details.
*/
if (percpu_ref_init(&q->q_usage_counter,
blk_queue_usage_counter_release,
PERCPU_REF_INIT_ATOMIC, GFP_KERNEL))
goto fail_stats;
blk_set_default_limits(&q->limits);
q->nr_requests = BLKDEV_DEFAULT_RQ;
return q;
fail_stats:
blk_free_queue_stats(q->stats);
fail_id:
ida_free(&blk_queue_ida, q->id);
fail_q:
kmem_cache_free(blk_requestq_cachep, q);
return NULL;
}
/**
* blk_get_queue - increment the request_queue refcount
* @q: the request_queue structure to increment the refcount for
*
* Increment the refcount of the request_queue kobject.
*
* Context: Any context.
*/
bool blk_get_queue(struct request_queue *q)
{
if (unlikely(blk_queue_dying(q)))
return false;
refcount_inc(&q->refs);
return true;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_get_queue);
#ifdef CONFIG_FAIL_MAKE_REQUEST
static DECLARE_FAULT_ATTR(fail_make_request);
static int __init setup_fail_make_request(char *str)
{
return setup_fault_attr(&fail_make_request, str);
}
__setup("fail_make_request=", setup_fail_make_request);
bool should_fail_request(struct block_device *part, unsigned int bytes)
{
return part->bd_make_it_fail && should_fail(&fail_make_request, bytes);
}
static int __init fail_make_request_debugfs(void)
{
struct dentry *dir = fault_create_debugfs_attr("fail_make_request",
NULL, &fail_make_request);
return PTR_ERR_OR_ZERO(dir);
}
late_initcall(fail_make_request_debugfs);
#endif /* CONFIG_FAIL_MAKE_REQUEST */
static inline void bio_check_ro(struct bio *bio)
{
if (op_is_write(bio_op(bio)) && bdev_read_only(bio->bi_bdev)) {
if (op_is_flush(bio->bi_opf) && !bio_sectors(bio))
return;
pr_warn("Trying to write to read-only block-device %pg\n",
bio->bi_bdev);
Partially revert "block: fail op_is_write() requests to read-only partitions" It turns out that commit 721c7fc701c7 ("block: fail op_is_write() requests to read-only partitions"), while obviously correct, causes problems for some older lvm2 installations. The reason is that the lvm snapshotting will continue to write to the snapshow COW volume, even after the volume has been marked read-only. End result: snapshot failure. This has actually been fixed in newer version of the lvm2 tool, but the old tools still exist, and the breakage was reported both in the kernel bugzilla and in the Debian bugzilla: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=200439 https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=900442 The lvm2 fix is here https://sourceware.org/git/?p=lvm2.git;a=commit;h=a6fdb9d9d70f51c49ad11a87ab4243344e6701a3 but until everybody has updated to recent versions, we'll have to weaken the "never write to read-only partitions" check. It now allows the write to happen, but causes a warning, something like this: generic_make_request: Trying to write to read-only block-device dm-3 (partno X) Modules linked in: nf_tables xt_cgroup xt_owner kvm_intel iwlmvm kvm irqbypass iwlwifi CPU: 1 PID: 77 Comm: kworker/1:1 Not tainted 4.17.9-gentoo #3 Hardware name: LENOVO 20B6A019RT/20B6A019RT, BIOS GJET91WW (2.41 ) 09/21/2016 Workqueue: ksnaphd do_metadata RIP: 0010:generic_make_request_checks+0x4ac/0x600 ... Call Trace: generic_make_request+0x64/0x400 submit_bio+0x6c/0x140 dispatch_io+0x287/0x430 sync_io+0xc3/0x120 dm_io+0x1f8/0x220 do_metadata+0x1d/0x30 process_one_work+0x1b9/0x3e0 worker_thread+0x2b/0x3c0 kthread+0x113/0x130 ret_from_fork+0x35/0x40 Note that this is a "revert" in behavior only. I'm leaving alone the actual code cleanups in commit 721c7fc701c7, but letting the previously uncaught request go through with a warning instead of stopping it. Fixes: 721c7fc701c7 ("block: fail op_is_write() requests to read-only partitions") Reported-and-tested-by: WGH <wgh@torlan.ru> Acked-by: Mike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com> Cc: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me> Cc: Ilya Dryomov <idryomov@gmail.com> Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> Cc: Zdenek Kabelac <zkabelac@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2018-08-03 19:22:09 +00:00
/* Older lvm-tools actually trigger this */
}
}
static noinline int should_fail_bio(struct bio *bio)
{
if (should_fail_request(bdev_whole(bio->bi_bdev), bio->bi_iter.bi_size))
return -EIO;
return 0;
}
ALLOW_ERROR_INJECTION(should_fail_bio, ERRNO);
/*
* Check whether this bio extends beyond the end of the device or partition.
* This may well happen - the kernel calls bread() without checking the size of
* the device, e.g., when mounting a file system.
*/
static inline int bio_check_eod(struct bio *bio)
{
sector_t maxsector = bdev_nr_sectors(bio->bi_bdev);
unsigned int nr_sectors = bio_sectors(bio);
if (nr_sectors && maxsector &&
(nr_sectors > maxsector ||
bio->bi_iter.bi_sector > maxsector - nr_sectors)) {
pr_info_ratelimited("%s: attempt to access beyond end of device\n"
"%pg: rw=%d, sector=%llu, nr_sectors = %u limit=%llu\n",
current->comm, bio->bi_bdev, bio->bi_opf,
bio->bi_iter.bi_sector, nr_sectors, maxsector);
return -EIO;
}
return 0;
}
/*
* Remap block n of partition p to block n+start(p) of the disk.
*/
static int blk_partition_remap(struct bio *bio)
{
struct block_device *p = bio->bi_bdev;
if (unlikely(should_fail_request(p, bio->bi_iter.bi_size)))
return -EIO;
if (bio_sectors(bio)) {
bio->bi_iter.bi_sector += p->bd_start_sect;
trace_block_bio_remap(bio, p->bd_dev,
bio->bi_iter.bi_sector -
p->bd_start_sect);
}
bio_set_flag(bio, BIO_REMAPPED);
return 0;
}
block: Introduce REQ_OP_ZONE_APPEND Define REQ_OP_ZONE_APPEND to append-write sectors to a zone of a zoned block device. This is a no-merge write operation. A zone append write BIO must: * Target a zoned block device * Have a sector position indicating the start sector of the target zone * The target zone must be a sequential write zone * The BIO must not cross a zone boundary * The BIO size must not be split to ensure that a single range of LBAs is written with a single command. Implement these checks in generic_make_request_checks() using the helper function blk_check_zone_append(). To avoid write append BIO splitting, introduce the new max_zone_append_sectors queue limit attribute and ensure that a BIO size is always lower than this limit. Export this new limit through sysfs and check these limits in bio_full(). Also when a LLDD can't dispatch a request to a specific zone, it will return BLK_STS_ZONE_RESOURCE indicating this request needs to be delayed, e.g. because the zone it will be dispatched to is still write-locked. If this happens set the request aside in a local list to continue trying dispatching requests such as READ requests or a WRITE/ZONE_APPEND requests targetting other zones. This way we can still keep a high queue depth without starving other requests even if one request can't be served due to zone write-locking. Finally, make sure that the bio sector position indicates the actual write position as indicated by the device on completion. Signed-off-by: Keith Busch <kbusch@kernel.org> [ jth: added zone-append specific add_page and merge_page helpers ] Signed-off-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com> Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de> Reviewed-by: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
2020-05-12 08:55:47 +00:00
/*
* Check write append to a zoned block device.
*/
static inline blk_status_t blk_check_zone_append(struct request_queue *q,
struct bio *bio)
{
int nr_sectors = bio_sectors(bio);
/* Only applicable to zoned block devices */
if (!bdev_is_zoned(bio->bi_bdev))
block: Introduce REQ_OP_ZONE_APPEND Define REQ_OP_ZONE_APPEND to append-write sectors to a zone of a zoned block device. This is a no-merge write operation. A zone append write BIO must: * Target a zoned block device * Have a sector position indicating the start sector of the target zone * The target zone must be a sequential write zone * The BIO must not cross a zone boundary * The BIO size must not be split to ensure that a single range of LBAs is written with a single command. Implement these checks in generic_make_request_checks() using the helper function blk_check_zone_append(). To avoid write append BIO splitting, introduce the new max_zone_append_sectors queue limit attribute and ensure that a BIO size is always lower than this limit. Export this new limit through sysfs and check these limits in bio_full(). Also when a LLDD can't dispatch a request to a specific zone, it will return BLK_STS_ZONE_RESOURCE indicating this request needs to be delayed, e.g. because the zone it will be dispatched to is still write-locked. If this happens set the request aside in a local list to continue trying dispatching requests such as READ requests or a WRITE/ZONE_APPEND requests targetting other zones. This way we can still keep a high queue depth without starving other requests even if one request can't be served due to zone write-locking. Finally, make sure that the bio sector position indicates the actual write position as indicated by the device on completion. Signed-off-by: Keith Busch <kbusch@kernel.org> [ jth: added zone-append specific add_page and merge_page helpers ] Signed-off-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com> Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de> Reviewed-by: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
2020-05-12 08:55:47 +00:00
return BLK_STS_NOTSUPP;
/* The bio sector must point to the start of a sequential zone */
if (bio->bi_iter.bi_sector & (bdev_zone_sectors(bio->bi_bdev) - 1) ||
!bio_zone_is_seq(bio))
block: Introduce REQ_OP_ZONE_APPEND Define REQ_OP_ZONE_APPEND to append-write sectors to a zone of a zoned block device. This is a no-merge write operation. A zone append write BIO must: * Target a zoned block device * Have a sector position indicating the start sector of the target zone * The target zone must be a sequential write zone * The BIO must not cross a zone boundary * The BIO size must not be split to ensure that a single range of LBAs is written with a single command. Implement these checks in generic_make_request_checks() using the helper function blk_check_zone_append(). To avoid write append BIO splitting, introduce the new max_zone_append_sectors queue limit attribute and ensure that a BIO size is always lower than this limit. Export this new limit through sysfs and check these limits in bio_full(). Also when a LLDD can't dispatch a request to a specific zone, it will return BLK_STS_ZONE_RESOURCE indicating this request needs to be delayed, e.g. because the zone it will be dispatched to is still write-locked. If this happens set the request aside in a local list to continue trying dispatching requests such as READ requests or a WRITE/ZONE_APPEND requests targetting other zones. This way we can still keep a high queue depth without starving other requests even if one request can't be served due to zone write-locking. Finally, make sure that the bio sector position indicates the actual write position as indicated by the device on completion. Signed-off-by: Keith Busch <kbusch@kernel.org> [ jth: added zone-append specific add_page and merge_page helpers ] Signed-off-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com> Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de> Reviewed-by: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
2020-05-12 08:55:47 +00:00
return BLK_STS_IOERR;
/*
* Not allowed to cross zone boundaries. Otherwise, the BIO will be
* split and could result in non-contiguous sectors being written in
* different zones.
*/
if (nr_sectors > q->limits.chunk_sectors)
return BLK_STS_IOERR;
/* Make sure the BIO is small enough and will not get split */
if (nr_sectors > q->limits.max_zone_append_sectors)
return BLK_STS_IOERR;
bio->bi_opf |= REQ_NOMERGE;
return BLK_STS_OK;
}
static void __submit_bio(struct bio *bio)
{
struct gendisk *disk = bio->bi_bdev->bd_disk;
if (unlikely(!blk_crypto_bio_prep(&bio)))
return;
if (!disk->fops->submit_bio) {
blk_mq_submit_bio(bio);
} else if (likely(bio_queue_enter(bio) == 0)) {
disk->fops->submit_bio(bio);
blk_queue_exit(disk->queue);
}
}
/*
* The loop in this function may be a bit non-obvious, and so deserves some
* explanation:
*
* - Before entering the loop, bio->bi_next is NULL (as all callers ensure
* that), so we have a list with a single bio.
* - We pretend that we have just taken it off a longer list, so we assign
* bio_list to a pointer to the bio_list_on_stack, thus initialising the
* bio_list of new bios to be added. ->submit_bio() may indeed add some more
* bios through a recursive call to submit_bio_noacct. If it did, we find a
* non-NULL value in bio_list and re-enter the loop from the top.
* - In this case we really did just take the bio of the top of the list (no
* pretending) and so remove it from bio_list, and call into ->submit_bio()
* again.
*
* bio_list_on_stack[0] contains bios submitted by the current ->submit_bio.
* bio_list_on_stack[1] contains bios that were submitted before the current
* ->submit_bio, but that haven't been processed yet.
*/
static void __submit_bio_noacct(struct bio *bio)
{
struct bio_list bio_list_on_stack[2];
BUG_ON(bio->bi_next);
bio_list_init(&bio_list_on_stack[0]);
current->bio_list = bio_list_on_stack;
do {
struct request_queue *q = bdev_get_queue(bio->bi_bdev);
struct bio_list lower, same;
/*
* Create a fresh bio_list for all subordinate requests.
*/
bio_list_on_stack[1] = bio_list_on_stack[0];
bio_list_init(&bio_list_on_stack[0]);
__submit_bio(bio);
/*
* Sort new bios into those for a lower level and those for the
* same level.
*/
bio_list_init(&lower);
bio_list_init(&same);
while ((bio = bio_list_pop(&bio_list_on_stack[0])) != NULL)
if (q == bdev_get_queue(bio->bi_bdev))
bio_list_add(&same, bio);
else
bio_list_add(&lower, bio);
/*
* Now assemble so we handle the lowest level first.
*/
bio_list_merge(&bio_list_on_stack[0], &lower);
bio_list_merge(&bio_list_on_stack[0], &same);
bio_list_merge(&bio_list_on_stack[0], &bio_list_on_stack[1]);
} while ((bio = bio_list_pop(&bio_list_on_stack[0])));
current->bio_list = NULL;
}
static void __submit_bio_noacct_mq(struct bio *bio)
{
struct bio_list bio_list[2] = { };
current->bio_list = bio_list;
do {
__submit_bio(bio);
} while ((bio = bio_list_pop(&bio_list[0])));
current->bio_list = NULL;
}
void submit_bio_noacct_nocheck(struct bio *bio)
When stacked block devices are in-use (e.g. md or dm), the recursive calls to generic_make_request can use up a lot of space, and we would rather they didn't. As generic_make_request is a void function, and as it is generally not expected that it will have any effect immediately, it is safe to delay any call to generic_make_request until there is sufficient stack space available. As ->bi_next is reserved for the driver to use, it can have no valid value when generic_make_request is called, and as __make_request implicitly assumes it will be NULL (ELEVATOR_BACK_MERGE fork of switch) we can be certain that all callers set it to NULL. We can therefore safely use bi_next to link pending requests together, providing we clear it before making the real call. So, we choose to allow each thread to only be active in one generic_make_request at a time. If a subsequent (recursive) call is made, the bio is linked into a per-thread list, and is handled when the active call completes. As the list of pending bios is per-thread, there are no locking issues to worry about. I say above that it is "safe to delay any call...". There are, however, some behaviours of a make_request_fn which would make it unsafe. These include any behaviour that assumes anything will have changed after a recursive call to generic_make_request. These could include: - waiting for that call to finish and call it's bi_end_io function. md use to sometimes do this (marking the superblock dirty before completing a write) but doesn't any more - inspecting the bio for fields that generic_make_request might change, such as bi_sector or bi_bdev. It is hard to see a good reason for this, and I don't think anyone actually does it. - inspecing the queue to see if, e.g. it is 'full' yet. Again, I think this is very unlikely to be useful, or to be done. Signed-off-by: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de> Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> Cc: <dm-devel@redhat.com> Alasdair G Kergon <agk@redhat.com> said: I can see nothing wrong with this in principle. For device-mapper at the moment though it's essential that, while the bio mappings may now get delayed, they still get processed in exactly the same order as they were passed to generic_make_request(). My main concern is whether the timing changes implicit in this patch will make the rare data-corrupting races in the existing snapshot code more likely. (I'm working on a fix for these races, but the unfinished patch is already several hundred lines long.) It would be helpful if some people on this mailing list would test this patch in various scenarios and report back. Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
2007-05-01 07:53:42 +00:00
{
/*
* We only want one ->submit_bio to be active at a time, else stack
* usage with stacked devices could be a problem. Use current->bio_list
* to collect a list of requests submited by a ->submit_bio method while
* it is active, and then process them after it returned.
*/
if (current->bio_list)
bio_list_add(&current->bio_list[0], bio);
else if (!bio->bi_bdev->bd_disk->fops->submit_bio)
__submit_bio_noacct_mq(bio);
else
__submit_bio_noacct(bio);
When stacked block devices are in-use (e.g. md or dm), the recursive calls to generic_make_request can use up a lot of space, and we would rather they didn't. As generic_make_request is a void function, and as it is generally not expected that it will have any effect immediately, it is safe to delay any call to generic_make_request until there is sufficient stack space available. As ->bi_next is reserved for the driver to use, it can have no valid value when generic_make_request is called, and as __make_request implicitly assumes it will be NULL (ELEVATOR_BACK_MERGE fork of switch) we can be certain that all callers set it to NULL. We can therefore safely use bi_next to link pending requests together, providing we clear it before making the real call. So, we choose to allow each thread to only be active in one generic_make_request at a time. If a subsequent (recursive) call is made, the bio is linked into a per-thread list, and is handled when the active call completes. As the list of pending bios is per-thread, there are no locking issues to worry about. I say above that it is "safe to delay any call...". There are, however, some behaviours of a make_request_fn which would make it unsafe. These include any behaviour that assumes anything will have changed after a recursive call to generic_make_request. These could include: - waiting for that call to finish and call it's bi_end_io function. md use to sometimes do this (marking the superblock dirty before completing a write) but doesn't any more - inspecting the bio for fields that generic_make_request might change, such as bi_sector or bi_bdev. It is hard to see a good reason for this, and I don't think anyone actually does it. - inspecing the queue to see if, e.g. it is 'full' yet. Again, I think this is very unlikely to be useful, or to be done. Signed-off-by: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de> Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> Cc: <dm-devel@redhat.com> Alasdair G Kergon <agk@redhat.com> said: I can see nothing wrong with this in principle. For device-mapper at the moment though it's essential that, while the bio mappings may now get delayed, they still get processed in exactly the same order as they were passed to generic_make_request(). My main concern is whether the timing changes implicit in this patch will make the rare data-corrupting races in the existing snapshot code more likely. (I'm working on a fix for these races, but the unfinished patch is already several hundred lines long.) It would be helpful if some people on this mailing list would test this patch in various scenarios and report back. Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
2007-05-01 07:53:42 +00:00
}
/**
* submit_bio_noacct - re-submit a bio to the block device layer for I/O
* @bio: The bio describing the location in memory and on the device.
*
* This is a version of submit_bio() that shall only be used for I/O that is
* resubmitted to lower level drivers by stacking block drivers. All file
* systems and other upper level users of the block layer should use
* submit_bio() instead.
*/
void submit_bio_noacct(struct bio *bio)
{
struct block_device *bdev = bio->bi_bdev;
struct request_queue *q = bdev_get_queue(bdev);
blk_status_t status = BLK_STS_IOERR;
struct blk_plug *plug;
might_sleep();
plug = blk_mq_plug(bio);
if (plug && plug->nowait)
bio->bi_opf |= REQ_NOWAIT;
/*
* For a REQ_NOWAIT based request, return -EOPNOTSUPP
* if queue does not support NOWAIT.
*/
if ((bio->bi_opf & REQ_NOWAIT) && !bdev_nowait(bdev))
goto not_supported;
if (should_fail_bio(bio))
goto end_io;
bio_check_ro(bio);
if (!bio_flagged(bio, BIO_REMAPPED)) {
if (unlikely(bio_check_eod(bio)))
goto end_io;
if (bdev->bd_partno && unlikely(blk_partition_remap(bio)))
goto end_io;
}
/*
* Filter flush bio's early so that bio based drivers without flush
* support don't have to worry about them.
*/
if (op_is_flush(bio->bi_opf) &&
!test_bit(QUEUE_FLAG_WC, &q->queue_flags)) {
bio->bi_opf &= ~(REQ_PREFLUSH | REQ_FUA);
if (!bio_sectors(bio)) {
status = BLK_STS_OK;
goto end_io;
}
}
if (!test_bit(QUEUE_FLAG_POLL, &q->queue_flags))
bio_clear_polled(bio);
switch (bio_op(bio)) {
case REQ_OP_DISCARD:
if (!bdev_max_discard_sectors(bdev))
goto not_supported;
break;
case REQ_OP_SECURE_ERASE:
if (!bdev_max_secure_erase_sectors(bdev))
goto not_supported;
break;
block: Introduce REQ_OP_ZONE_APPEND Define REQ_OP_ZONE_APPEND to append-write sectors to a zone of a zoned block device. This is a no-merge write operation. A zone append write BIO must: * Target a zoned block device * Have a sector position indicating the start sector of the target zone * The target zone must be a sequential write zone * The BIO must not cross a zone boundary * The BIO size must not be split to ensure that a single range of LBAs is written with a single command. Implement these checks in generic_make_request_checks() using the helper function blk_check_zone_append(). To avoid write append BIO splitting, introduce the new max_zone_append_sectors queue limit attribute and ensure that a BIO size is always lower than this limit. Export this new limit through sysfs and check these limits in bio_full(). Also when a LLDD can't dispatch a request to a specific zone, it will return BLK_STS_ZONE_RESOURCE indicating this request needs to be delayed, e.g. because the zone it will be dispatched to is still write-locked. If this happens set the request aside in a local list to continue trying dispatching requests such as READ requests or a WRITE/ZONE_APPEND requests targetting other zones. This way we can still keep a high queue depth without starving other requests even if one request can't be served due to zone write-locking. Finally, make sure that the bio sector position indicates the actual write position as indicated by the device on completion. Signed-off-by: Keith Busch <kbusch@kernel.org> [ jth: added zone-append specific add_page and merge_page helpers ] Signed-off-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com> Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de> Reviewed-by: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
2020-05-12 08:55:47 +00:00
case REQ_OP_ZONE_APPEND:
status = blk_check_zone_append(q, bio);
if (status != BLK_STS_OK)
goto end_io;
break;
case REQ_OP_ZONE_RESET:
2019-10-27 14:05:45 +00:00
case REQ_OP_ZONE_OPEN:
case REQ_OP_ZONE_CLOSE:
case REQ_OP_ZONE_FINISH:
if (!bdev_is_zoned(bio->bi_bdev))
goto not_supported;
break;
case REQ_OP_ZONE_RESET_ALL:
if (!bdev_is_zoned(bio->bi_bdev) || !blk_queue_zone_resetall(q))
goto not_supported;
break;
case REQ_OP_WRITE_ZEROES:
if (!q->limits.max_write_zeroes_sectors)
goto not_supported;
break;
default:
break;
}
blkcg: Remove extra blkcg_bio_issue_init KASAN reports a use-after-free report when doing block test: ================================================================== [10050.967049] BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in submit_bio_checks+0x1539/0x1550 [10050.977638] Call Trace: [10050.978190] dump_stack+0x9b/0xce [10050.979674] print_address_description.constprop.6+0x3e/0x60 [10050.983510] kasan_report.cold.9+0x22/0x3a [10050.986089] submit_bio_checks+0x1539/0x1550 [10050.989576] submit_bio_noacct+0x83/0xc80 [10050.993714] submit_bio+0xa7/0x330 [10050.994435] mpage_readahead+0x380/0x500 [10050.998009] read_pages+0x1c1/0xbf0 [10051.002057] page_cache_ra_unbounded+0x4c2/0x6f0 [10051.007413] do_page_cache_ra+0xda/0x110 [10051.008207] force_page_cache_ra+0x23d/0x3d0 [10051.009087] page_cache_sync_ra+0xca/0x300 [10051.009970] generic_file_buffered_read+0xbea/0x2130 [10051.012685] generic_file_read_iter+0x315/0x490 [10051.014472] blkdev_read_iter+0x113/0x1b0 [10051.015300] aio_read+0x2ad/0x450 [10051.023786] io_submit_one+0xc8e/0x1d60 [10051.029855] __se_sys_io_submit+0x125/0x350 [10051.033442] do_syscall_64+0x2d/0x40 [10051.034156] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x44/0xa9 [10051.048733] Allocated by task 18598: [10051.049482] kasan_save_stack+0x19/0x40 [10051.050263] __kasan_kmalloc.constprop.1+0xc1/0xd0 [10051.051230] kmem_cache_alloc+0x146/0x440 [10051.052060] mempool_alloc+0x125/0x2f0 [10051.052818] bio_alloc_bioset+0x353/0x590 [10051.053658] mpage_alloc+0x3b/0x240 [10051.054382] do_mpage_readpage+0xddf/0x1ef0 [10051.055250] mpage_readahead+0x264/0x500 [10051.056060] read_pages+0x1c1/0xbf0 [10051.056758] page_cache_ra_unbounded+0x4c2/0x6f0 [10051.057702] do_page_cache_ra+0xda/0x110 [10051.058511] force_page_cache_ra+0x23d/0x3d0 [10051.059373] page_cache_sync_ra+0xca/0x300 [10051.060198] generic_file_buffered_read+0xbea/0x2130 [10051.061195] generic_file_read_iter+0x315/0x490 [10051.062189] blkdev_read_iter+0x113/0x1b0 [10051.063015] aio_read+0x2ad/0x450 [10051.063686] io_submit_one+0xc8e/0x1d60 [10051.064467] __se_sys_io_submit+0x125/0x350 [10051.065318] do_syscall_64+0x2d/0x40 [10051.066082] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x44/0xa9 [10051.067455] Freed by task 13307: [10051.068136] kasan_save_stack+0x19/0x40 [10051.068931] kasan_set_track+0x1c/0x30 [10051.069726] kasan_set_free_info+0x1b/0x30 [10051.070621] __kasan_slab_free+0x111/0x160 [10051.071480] kmem_cache_free+0x94/0x460 [10051.072256] mempool_free+0xd6/0x320 [10051.072985] bio_free+0xe0/0x130 [10051.073630] bio_put+0xab/0xe0 [10051.074252] bio_endio+0x3a6/0x5d0 [10051.074984] blk_update_request+0x590/0x1370 [10051.075870] scsi_end_request+0x7d/0x400 [10051.076667] scsi_io_completion+0x1aa/0xe50 [10051.077503] scsi_softirq_done+0x11b/0x240 [10051.078344] blk_mq_complete_request+0xd4/0x120 [10051.079275] scsi_mq_done+0xf0/0x200 [10051.080036] virtscsi_vq_done+0xbc/0x150 [10051.080850] vring_interrupt+0x179/0x390 [10051.081650] __handle_irq_event_percpu+0xf7/0x490 [10051.082626] handle_irq_event_percpu+0x7b/0x160 [10051.083527] handle_irq_event+0xcc/0x170 [10051.084297] handle_edge_irq+0x215/0xb20 [10051.085122] asm_call_irq_on_stack+0xf/0x20 [10051.085986] common_interrupt+0xae/0x120 [10051.086830] asm_common_interrupt+0x1e/0x40 ================================================================== Bio will be checked at beginning of submit_bio_noacct(). If bio needs to be throttled, it will start the timer and stop submit bio directly. Bio will submit in blk_throtl_dispatch_work_fn() when the timer expires. But in the current process, if bio is throttled, it will still set bio issue->value by blkcg_bio_issue_init(). This is redundant and may cause the above use-after-free. CPU0 CPU1 submit_bio submit_bio_noacct submit_bio_checks blk_throtl_bio() <=mod_timer(&sq->pending_timer blk_throtl_dispatch_work_fn submit_bio_noacct() <= bio have throttle tag, will throw directly and bio issue->value will be set here bio_endio() bio_put() bio_free() <= free this bio blkcg_bio_issue_init(bio) <= bio has been freed and will lead to UAF return BLK_QC_T_NONE Fix this by remove extra blkcg_bio_issue_init. Fixes: e439bedf6b24 (blkcg: consolidate bio_issue_init() to be a part of core) Signed-off-by: Laibin Qiu <qiulaibin@huawei.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20211112093354.3581504-1-qiulaibin@huawei.com Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
2021-11-12 09:33:54 +00:00
if (blk_throtl_bio(bio))
return;
blk_cgroup_bio_start(bio);
blkcg_bio_issue_init(bio);
block: trace completion of all bios. Currently only dm and md/raid5 bios trigger trace_block_bio_complete(). Now that we have bio_chain() and bio_inc_remaining(), it is not possible, in general, for a driver to know when the bio is really complete. Only bio_endio() knows that. So move the trace_block_bio_complete() call to bio_endio(). Now trace_block_bio_complete() pairs with trace_block_bio_queue(). Any bio for which a 'queue' event is traced, will subsequently generate a 'complete' event. There are a few cases where completion tracing is not wanted. 1/ If blk_update_request() has already generated a completion trace event at the 'request' level, there is no point generating one at the bio level too. In this case the bi_sector and bi_size will have changed, so the bio level event would be wrong 2/ If the bio hasn't actually been queued yet, but is being aborted early, then a trace event could be confusing. Some filesystems call bio_endio() but do not want tracing. 3/ The bio_integrity code interposes itself by replacing bi_end_io, then restoring it and calling bio_endio() again. This would produce two identical trace events if left like that. To handle these, we introduce a flag BIO_TRACE_COMPLETION and only produce the trace event when this is set. We address point 1 above by clearing the flag in blk_update_request(). We address point 2 above by only setting the flag when generic_make_request() is called. We address point 3 above by clearing the flag after generating a completion event. When bio_split() is used on a bio, particularly in blk_queue_split(), there is an extra complication. A new bio is split off the front, and may be handle directly without going through generic_make_request(). The old bio, which has been advanced, is passed to generic_make_request(), so it will trigger a trace event a second time. Probably the best result when a split happens is to see a single 'queue' event for the whole bio, then multiple 'complete' events - one for each component. To achieve this was can: - copy the BIO_TRACE_COMPLETION flag to the new bio in bio_split() - avoid generating a 'queue' event if BIO_TRACE_COMPLETION is already set. This way, the split-off bio won't create a queue event, the original won't either even if it re-submitted to generic_make_request(), but both will produce completion events, each for their own range. So if generic_make_request() is called (which generates a QUEUED event), then bi_endio() will create a single COMPLETE event for each range that the bio is split into, unless the driver has explicitly requested it not to. Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.com> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
2017-04-07 15:40:52 +00:00
if (!bio_flagged(bio, BIO_TRACE_COMPLETION)) {
trace_block_bio_queue(bio);
block: trace completion of all bios. Currently only dm and md/raid5 bios trigger trace_block_bio_complete(). Now that we have bio_chain() and bio_inc_remaining(), it is not possible, in general, for a driver to know when the bio is really complete. Only bio_endio() knows that. So move the trace_block_bio_complete() call to bio_endio(). Now trace_block_bio_complete() pairs with trace_block_bio_queue(). Any bio for which a 'queue' event is traced, will subsequently generate a 'complete' event. There are a few cases where completion tracing is not wanted. 1/ If blk_update_request() has already generated a completion trace event at the 'request' level, there is no point generating one at the bio level too. In this case the bi_sector and bi_size will have changed, so the bio level event would be wrong 2/ If the bio hasn't actually been queued yet, but is being aborted early, then a trace event could be confusing. Some filesystems call bio_endio() but do not want tracing. 3/ The bio_integrity code interposes itself by replacing bi_end_io, then restoring it and calling bio_endio() again. This would produce two identical trace events if left like that. To handle these, we introduce a flag BIO_TRACE_COMPLETION and only produce the trace event when this is set. We address point 1 above by clearing the flag in blk_update_request(). We address point 2 above by only setting the flag when generic_make_request() is called. We address point 3 above by clearing the flag after generating a completion event. When bio_split() is used on a bio, particularly in blk_queue_split(), there is an extra complication. A new bio is split off the front, and may be handle directly without going through generic_make_request(). The old bio, which has been advanced, is passed to generic_make_request(), so it will trigger a trace event a second time. Probably the best result when a split happens is to see a single 'queue' event for the whole bio, then multiple 'complete' events - one for each component. To achieve this was can: - copy the BIO_TRACE_COMPLETION flag to the new bio in bio_split() - avoid generating a 'queue' event if BIO_TRACE_COMPLETION is already set. This way, the split-off bio won't create a queue event, the original won't either even if it re-submitted to generic_make_request(), but both will produce completion events, each for their own range. So if generic_make_request() is called (which generates a QUEUED event), then bi_endio() will create a single COMPLETE event for each range that the bio is split into, unless the driver has explicitly requested it not to. Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.com> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
2017-04-07 15:40:52 +00:00
/* Now that enqueuing has been traced, we need to trace
* completion as well.
*/
bio_set_flag(bio, BIO_TRACE_COMPLETION);
}
submit_bio_noacct_nocheck(bio);
return;
not_supported:
status = BLK_STS_NOTSUPP;
end_io:
bio->bi_status = status;
bio_endio(bio);
When stacked block devices are in-use (e.g. md or dm), the recursive calls to generic_make_request can use up a lot of space, and we would rather they didn't. As generic_make_request is a void function, and as it is generally not expected that it will have any effect immediately, it is safe to delay any call to generic_make_request until there is sufficient stack space available. As ->bi_next is reserved for the driver to use, it can have no valid value when generic_make_request is called, and as __make_request implicitly assumes it will be NULL (ELEVATOR_BACK_MERGE fork of switch) we can be certain that all callers set it to NULL. We can therefore safely use bi_next to link pending requests together, providing we clear it before making the real call. So, we choose to allow each thread to only be active in one generic_make_request at a time. If a subsequent (recursive) call is made, the bio is linked into a per-thread list, and is handled when the active call completes. As the list of pending bios is per-thread, there are no locking issues to worry about. I say above that it is "safe to delay any call...". There are, however, some behaviours of a make_request_fn which would make it unsafe. These include any behaviour that assumes anything will have changed after a recursive call to generic_make_request. These could include: - waiting for that call to finish and call it's bi_end_io function. md use to sometimes do this (marking the superblock dirty before completing a write) but doesn't any more - inspecting the bio for fields that generic_make_request might change, such as bi_sector or bi_bdev. It is hard to see a good reason for this, and I don't think anyone actually does it. - inspecing the queue to see if, e.g. it is 'full' yet. Again, I think this is very unlikely to be useful, or to be done. Signed-off-by: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de> Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> Cc: <dm-devel@redhat.com> Alasdair G Kergon <agk@redhat.com> said: I can see nothing wrong with this in principle. For device-mapper at the moment though it's essential that, while the bio mappings may now get delayed, they still get processed in exactly the same order as they were passed to generic_make_request(). My main concern is whether the timing changes implicit in this patch will make the rare data-corrupting races in the existing snapshot code more likely. (I'm working on a fix for these races, but the unfinished patch is already several hundred lines long.) It would be helpful if some people on this mailing list would test this patch in various scenarios and report back. Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
2007-05-01 07:53:42 +00:00
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(submit_bio_noacct);
/**
* submit_bio - submit a bio to the block device layer for I/O
* @bio: The &struct bio which describes the I/O
*
* submit_bio() is used to submit I/O requests to block devices. It is passed a
* fully set up &struct bio that describes the I/O that needs to be done. The
* bio will be send to the device described by the bi_bdev field.
*
* The success/failure status of the request, along with notification of
* completion, is delivered asynchronously through the ->bi_end_io() callback
* in @bio. The bio must NOT be touched by the caller until ->bi_end_io() has
* been called.
*/
void submit_bio(struct bio *bio)
{
if (blkcg_punt_bio_submit(bio))
return;
if (bio_op(bio) == REQ_OP_READ) {
task_io_account_read(bio->bi_iter.bi_size);
count_vm_events(PGPGIN, bio_sectors(bio));
} else if (bio_op(bio) == REQ_OP_WRITE) {
count_vm_events(PGPGOUT, bio_sectors(bio));
}
submit_bio_noacct(bio);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(submit_bio);
/**
* bio_poll - poll for BIO completions
* @bio: bio to poll for
* @iob: batches of IO
* @flags: BLK_POLL_* flags that control the behavior
*
* Poll for completions on queue associated with the bio. Returns number of
* completed entries found.
*
* Note: the caller must either be the context that submitted @bio, or
* be in a RCU critical section to prevent freeing of @bio.
*/
int bio_poll(struct bio *bio, struct io_comp_batch *iob, unsigned int flags)
{
struct request_queue *q = bdev_get_queue(bio->bi_bdev);
blk_qc_t cookie = READ_ONCE(bio->bi_cookie);
int ret = 0;
if (cookie == BLK_QC_T_NONE ||
!test_bit(QUEUE_FLAG_POLL, &q->queue_flags))
return 0;
/*
* As the requests that require a zone lock are not plugged in the
* first place, directly accessing the plug instead of using
* blk_mq_plug() should not have any consequences during flushing for
* zoned devices.
*/
blk_flush_plug(current->plug, false);
if (bio_queue_enter(bio))
return 0;
if (queue_is_mq(q)) {
ret = blk_mq_poll(q, cookie, iob, flags);
} else {
struct gendisk *disk = q->disk;
if (disk && disk->fops->poll_bio)
ret = disk->fops->poll_bio(bio, iob, flags);
}
blk_queue_exit(q);
return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(bio_poll);
/*
* Helper to implement file_operations.iopoll. Requires the bio to be stored
* in iocb->private, and cleared before freeing the bio.
*/
int iocb_bio_iopoll(struct kiocb *kiocb, struct io_comp_batch *iob,
unsigned int flags)
{
struct bio *bio;
int ret = 0;
/*
* Note: the bio cache only uses SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU, so bio can
* point to a freshly allocated bio at this point. If that happens
* we have a few cases to consider:
*
* 1) the bio is beeing initialized and bi_bdev is NULL. We can just
* simply nothing in this case
* 2) the bio points to a not poll enabled device. bio_poll will catch
* this and return 0
* 3) the bio points to a poll capable device, including but not
* limited to the one that the original bio pointed to. In this
* case we will call into the actual poll method and poll for I/O,
* even if we don't need to, but it won't cause harm either.
*
* For cases 2) and 3) above the RCU grace period ensures that bi_bdev
* is still allocated. Because partitions hold a reference to the whole
* device bdev and thus disk, the disk is also still valid. Grabbing
* a reference to the queue in bio_poll() ensures the hctxs and requests
* are still valid as well.
*/
rcu_read_lock();
bio = READ_ONCE(kiocb->private);
if (bio && bio->bi_bdev)
ret = bio_poll(bio, iob, flags);
rcu_read_unlock();
return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(iocb_bio_iopoll);
void update_io_ticks(struct block_device *part, unsigned long now, bool end)
{
unsigned long stamp;
again:
stamp = READ_ONCE(part->bd_stamp);
if (unlikely(time_after(now, stamp))) {
if (likely(try_cmpxchg(&part->bd_stamp, &stamp, now)))
__part_stat_add(part, io_ticks, end ? now - stamp : 1);
}
if (part->bd_partno) {
part = bdev_whole(part);
goto again;
}
}
unsigned long bdev_start_io_acct(struct block_device *bdev,
unsigned int sectors, enum req_op op,
unsigned long start_time)
{
const int sgrp = op_stat_group(op);
part_stat_lock();
update_io_ticks(bdev, start_time, false);
part_stat_inc(bdev, ios[sgrp]);
part_stat_add(bdev, sectors[sgrp], sectors);
part_stat_local_inc(bdev, in_flight[op_is_write(op)]);
part_stat_unlock();
blk-mq: new multi-queue block IO queueing mechanism Linux currently has two models for block devices: - The classic request_fn based approach, where drivers use struct request units for IO. The block layer provides various helper functionalities to let drivers share code, things like tag management, timeout handling, queueing, etc. - The "stacked" approach, where a driver squeezes in between the block layer and IO submitter. Since this bypasses the IO stack, driver generally have to manage everything themselves. With drivers being written for new high IOPS devices, the classic request_fn based driver doesn't work well enough. The design dates back to when both SMP and high IOPS was rare. It has problems with scaling to bigger machines, and runs into scaling issues even on smaller machines when you have IOPS in the hundreds of thousands per device. The stacked approach is then most often selected as the model for the driver. But this means that everybody has to re-invent everything, and along with that we get all the problems again that the shared approach solved. This commit introduces blk-mq, block multi queue support. The design is centered around per-cpu queues for queueing IO, which then funnel down into x number of hardware submission queues. We might have a 1:1 mapping between the two, or it might be an N:M mapping. That all depends on what the hardware supports. blk-mq provides various helper functions, which include: - Scalable support for request tagging. Most devices need to be able to uniquely identify a request both in the driver and to the hardware. The tagging uses per-cpu caches for freed tags, to enable cache hot reuse. - Timeout handling without tracking request on a per-device basis. Basically the driver should be able to get a notification, if a request happens to fail. - Optional support for non 1:1 mappings between issue and submission queues. blk-mq can redirect IO completions to the desired location. - Support for per-request payloads. Drivers almost always need to associate a request structure with some driver private command structure. Drivers can tell blk-mq this at init time, and then any request handed to the driver will have the required size of memory associated with it. - Support for merging of IO, and plugging. The stacked model gets neither of these. Even for high IOPS devices, merging sequential IO reduces per-command overhead and thus increases bandwidth. For now, this is provided as a potential 3rd queueing model, with the hope being that, as it matures, it can replace both the classic and stacked model. That would get us back to having just 1 real model for block devices, leaving the stacked approach to dm/md devices (as it was originally intended). Contributions in this patch from the following people: Shaohua Li <shli@fusionio.com> Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@redhat.com> Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org> Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu> Matias Bjorling <m@bjorling.me> Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com> Acked-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
2013-10-24 08:20:05 +00:00
return start_time;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(bdev_start_io_acct);
/**
* bio_start_io_acct - start I/O accounting for bio based drivers
* @bio: bio to start account for
*
* Returns the start time that should be passed back to bio_end_io_acct().
*/
unsigned long bio_start_io_acct(struct bio *bio)
{
return bdev_start_io_acct(bio->bi_bdev, bio_sectors(bio),
bio_op(bio), jiffies);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(bio_start_io_acct);
void bdev_end_io_acct(struct block_device *bdev, enum req_op op,
unsigned long start_time)
{
const int sgrp = op_stat_group(op);
unsigned long now = READ_ONCE(jiffies);
unsigned long duration = now - start_time;
part_stat_lock();
update_io_ticks(bdev, now, true);
part_stat_add(bdev, nsecs[sgrp], jiffies_to_nsecs(duration));
part_stat_local_dec(bdev, in_flight[op_is_write(op)]);
blk-mq: new multi-queue block IO queueing mechanism Linux currently has two models for block devices: - The classic request_fn based approach, where drivers use struct request units for IO. The block layer provides various helper functionalities to let drivers share code, things like tag management, timeout handling, queueing, etc. - The "stacked" approach, where a driver squeezes in between the block layer and IO submitter. Since this bypasses the IO stack, driver generally have to manage everything themselves. With drivers being written for new high IOPS devices, the classic request_fn based driver doesn't work well enough. The design dates back to when both SMP and high IOPS was rare. It has problems with scaling to bigger machines, and runs into scaling issues even on smaller machines when you have IOPS in the hundreds of thousands per device. The stacked approach is then most often selected as the model for the driver. But this means that everybody has to re-invent everything, and along with that we get all the problems again that the shared approach solved. This commit introduces blk-mq, block multi queue support. The design is centered around per-cpu queues for queueing IO, which then funnel down into x number of hardware submission queues. We might have a 1:1 mapping between the two, or it might be an N:M mapping. That all depends on what the hardware supports. blk-mq provides various helper functions, which include: - Scalable support for request tagging. Most devices need to be able to uniquely identify a request both in the driver and to the hardware. The tagging uses per-cpu caches for freed tags, to enable cache hot reuse. - Timeout handling without tracking request on a per-device basis. Basically the driver should be able to get a notification, if a request happens to fail. - Optional support for non 1:1 mappings between issue and submission queues. blk-mq can redirect IO completions to the desired location. - Support for per-request payloads. Drivers almost always need to associate a request structure with some driver private command structure. Drivers can tell blk-mq this at init time, and then any request handed to the driver will have the required size of memory associated with it. - Support for merging of IO, and plugging. The stacked model gets neither of these. Even for high IOPS devices, merging sequential IO reduces per-command overhead and thus increases bandwidth. For now, this is provided as a potential 3rd queueing model, with the hope being that, as it matures, it can replace both the classic and stacked model. That would get us back to having just 1 real model for block devices, leaving the stacked approach to dm/md devices (as it was originally intended). Contributions in this patch from the following people: Shaohua Li <shli@fusionio.com> Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@redhat.com> Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org> Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu> Matias Bjorling <m@bjorling.me> Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com> Acked-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
2013-10-24 08:20:05 +00:00
part_stat_unlock();
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(bdev_end_io_acct);
void bio_end_io_acct_remapped(struct bio *bio, unsigned long start_time,
struct block_device *orig_bdev)
{
bdev_end_io_acct(orig_bdev, bio_op(bio), start_time);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(bio_end_io_acct_remapped);
block: add lld busy state exporting interface This patch adds an new interface, blk_lld_busy(), to check lld's busy state from the block layer. blk_lld_busy() calls down into low-level drivers for the checking if the drivers set q->lld_busy_fn() using blk_queue_lld_busy(). This resolves a performance problem on request stacking devices below. Some drivers like scsi mid layer stop dispatching request when they detect busy state on its low-level device like host/target/device. It allows other requests to stay in the I/O scheduler's queue for a chance of merging. Request stacking drivers like request-based dm should follow the same logic. However, there is no generic interface for the stacked device to check if the underlying device(s) are busy. If the request stacking driver dispatches and submits requests to the busy underlying device, the requests will stay in the underlying device's queue without a chance of merging. This causes performance problem on burst I/O load. With this patch, busy state of the underlying device is exported via q->lld_busy_fn(). So the request stacking driver can check it and stop dispatching requests if busy. The underlying device driver must return the busy state appropriately: 1: when the device driver can't process requests immediately. 0: when the device driver can process requests immediately, including abnormal situations where the device driver needs to kill all requests. Signed-off-by: Kiyoshi Ueda <k-ueda@ct.jp.nec.com> Signed-off-by: Jun'ichi Nomura <j-nomura@ce.jp.nec.com> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
2008-10-01 14:12:15 +00:00
/**
* blk_lld_busy - Check if underlying low-level drivers of a device are busy
* @q : the queue of the device being checked
*
* Description:
* Check if underlying low-level drivers of a device are busy.
* If the drivers want to export their busy state, they must set own
* exporting function using blk_queue_lld_busy() first.
*
* Basically, this function is used only by request stacking drivers
* to stop dispatching requests to underlying devices when underlying
* devices are busy. This behavior helps more I/O merging on the queue
* of the request stacking driver and prevents I/O throughput regression
* on burst I/O load.
*
* Return:
* 0 - Not busy (The request stacking driver should dispatch request)
* 1 - Busy (The request stacking driver should stop dispatching request)
*/
int blk_lld_busy(struct request_queue *q)
{
if (queue_is_mq(q) && q->mq_ops->busy)
return q->mq_ops->busy(q);
block: add lld busy state exporting interface This patch adds an new interface, blk_lld_busy(), to check lld's busy state from the block layer. blk_lld_busy() calls down into low-level drivers for the checking if the drivers set q->lld_busy_fn() using blk_queue_lld_busy(). This resolves a performance problem on request stacking devices below. Some drivers like scsi mid layer stop dispatching request when they detect busy state on its low-level device like host/target/device. It allows other requests to stay in the I/O scheduler's queue for a chance of merging. Request stacking drivers like request-based dm should follow the same logic. However, there is no generic interface for the stacked device to check if the underlying device(s) are busy. If the request stacking driver dispatches and submits requests to the busy underlying device, the requests will stay in the underlying device's queue without a chance of merging. This causes performance problem on burst I/O load. With this patch, busy state of the underlying device is exported via q->lld_busy_fn(). So the request stacking driver can check it and stop dispatching requests if busy. The underlying device driver must return the busy state appropriately: 1: when the device driver can't process requests immediately. 0: when the device driver can process requests immediately, including abnormal situations where the device driver needs to kill all requests. Signed-off-by: Kiyoshi Ueda <k-ueda@ct.jp.nec.com> Signed-off-by: Jun'ichi Nomura <j-nomura@ce.jp.nec.com> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
2008-10-01 14:12:15 +00:00
return 0;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(blk_lld_busy);
int kblockd_schedule_work(struct work_struct *work)
{
return queue_work(kblockd_workqueue, work);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(kblockd_schedule_work);
int kblockd_mod_delayed_work_on(int cpu, struct delayed_work *dwork,
unsigned long delay)
{
return mod_delayed_work_on(cpu, kblockd_workqueue, dwork, delay);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(kblockd_mod_delayed_work_on);
void blk_start_plug_nr_ios(struct blk_plug *plug, unsigned short nr_ios)
{
struct task_struct *tsk = current;
/*
* If this is a nested plug, don't actually assign it.
*/
if (tsk->plug)
return;
plug->mq_list = NULL;
plug->cached_rq = NULL;
plug->nr_ios = min_t(unsigned short, nr_ios, BLK_MAX_REQUEST_COUNT);
plug->rq_count = 0;
plug->multiple_queues = false;
plug->has_elevator = false;
plug->nowait = false;
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&plug->cb_list);
/*
* Store ordering should not be needed here, since a potential
* preempt will imply a full memory barrier
*/
tsk->plug = plug;
}
/**
* blk_start_plug - initialize blk_plug and track it inside the task_struct
* @plug: The &struct blk_plug that needs to be initialized
*
* Description:
* blk_start_plug() indicates to the block layer an intent by the caller
* to submit multiple I/O requests in a batch. The block layer may use
* this hint to defer submitting I/Os from the caller until blk_finish_plug()
* is called. However, the block layer may choose to submit requests
* before a call to blk_finish_plug() if the number of queued I/Os
* exceeds %BLK_MAX_REQUEST_COUNT, or if the size of the I/O is larger than
* %BLK_PLUG_FLUSH_SIZE. The queued I/Os may also be submitted early if
* the task schedules (see below).
*
* Tracking blk_plug inside the task_struct will help with auto-flushing the
* pending I/O should the task end up blocking between blk_start_plug() and
* blk_finish_plug(). This is important from a performance perspective, but
* also ensures that we don't deadlock. For instance, if the task is blocking
* for a memory allocation, memory reclaim could end up wanting to free a
* page belonging to that request that is currently residing in our private
* plug. By flushing the pending I/O when the process goes to sleep, we avoid
* this kind of deadlock.
*/
void blk_start_plug(struct blk_plug *plug)
{
blk_start_plug_nr_ios(plug, 1);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_start_plug);
static void flush_plug_callbacks(struct blk_plug *plug, bool from_schedule)
{
LIST_HEAD(callbacks);
while (!list_empty(&plug->cb_list)) {
list_splice_init(&plug->cb_list, &callbacks);
while (!list_empty(&callbacks)) {
struct blk_plug_cb *cb = list_first_entry(&callbacks,
struct blk_plug_cb,
list);
list_del(&cb->list);
cb->callback(cb, from_schedule);
}
}
}
struct blk_plug_cb *blk_check_plugged(blk_plug_cb_fn unplug, void *data,
int size)
{
struct blk_plug *plug = current->plug;
struct blk_plug_cb *cb;
if (!plug)
return NULL;
list_for_each_entry(cb, &plug->cb_list, list)
if (cb->callback == unplug && cb->data == data)
return cb;
/* Not currently on the callback list */
BUG_ON(size < sizeof(*cb));
cb = kzalloc(size, GFP_ATOMIC);
if (cb) {
cb->data = data;
cb->callback = unplug;
list_add(&cb->list, &plug->cb_list);
}
return cb;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_check_plugged);
void __blk_flush_plug(struct blk_plug *plug, bool from_schedule)
{
if (!list_empty(&plug->cb_list))
flush_plug_callbacks(plug, from_schedule);
if (!rq_list_empty(plug->mq_list))
blk-mq: new multi-queue block IO queueing mechanism Linux currently has two models for block devices: - The classic request_fn based approach, where drivers use struct request units for IO. The block layer provides various helper functionalities to let drivers share code, things like tag management, timeout handling, queueing, etc. - The "stacked" approach, where a driver squeezes in between the block layer and IO submitter. Since this bypasses the IO stack, driver generally have to manage everything themselves. With drivers being written for new high IOPS devices, the classic request_fn based driver doesn't work well enough. The design dates back to when both SMP and high IOPS was rare. It has problems with scaling to bigger machines, and runs into scaling issues even on smaller machines when you have IOPS in the hundreds of thousands per device. The stacked approach is then most often selected as the model for the driver. But this means that everybody has to re-invent everything, and along with that we get all the problems again that the shared approach solved. This commit introduces blk-mq, block multi queue support. The design is centered around per-cpu queues for queueing IO, which then funnel down into x number of hardware submission queues. We might have a 1:1 mapping between the two, or it might be an N:M mapping. That all depends on what the hardware supports. blk-mq provides various helper functions, which include: - Scalable support for request tagging. Most devices need to be able to uniquely identify a request both in the driver and to the hardware. The tagging uses per-cpu caches for freed tags, to enable cache hot reuse. - Timeout handling without tracking request on a per-device basis. Basically the driver should be able to get a notification, if a request happens to fail. - Optional support for non 1:1 mappings between issue and submission queues. blk-mq can redirect IO completions to the desired location. - Support for per-request payloads. Drivers almost always need to associate a request structure with some driver private command structure. Drivers can tell blk-mq this at init time, and then any request handed to the driver will have the required size of memory associated with it. - Support for merging of IO, and plugging. The stacked model gets neither of these. Even for high IOPS devices, merging sequential IO reduces per-command overhead and thus increases bandwidth. For now, this is provided as a potential 3rd queueing model, with the hope being that, as it matures, it can replace both the classic and stacked model. That would get us back to having just 1 real model for block devices, leaving the stacked approach to dm/md devices (as it was originally intended). Contributions in this patch from the following people: Shaohua Li <shli@fusionio.com> Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@redhat.com> Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org> Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu> Matias Bjorling <m@bjorling.me> Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com> Acked-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
2013-10-24 08:20:05 +00:00
blk_mq_flush_plug_list(plug, from_schedule);
/*
* Unconditionally flush out cached requests, even if the unplug
* event came from schedule. Since we know hold references to the
* queue for cached requests, we don't want a blocked task holding
* up a queue freeze/quiesce event.
*/
if (unlikely(!rq_list_empty(plug->cached_rq)))
blk_mq_free_plug_rqs(plug);
}
/**
* blk_finish_plug - mark the end of a batch of submitted I/O
* @plug: The &struct blk_plug passed to blk_start_plug()
*
* Description:
* Indicate that a batch of I/O submissions is complete. This function
* must be paired with an initial call to blk_start_plug(). The intent
* is to allow the block layer to optimize I/O submission. See the
* documentation for blk_start_plug() for more information.
*/
void blk_finish_plug(struct blk_plug *plug)
{
if (plug == current->plug) {
__blk_flush_plug(plug, false);
current->plug = NULL;
}
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(blk_finish_plug);
void blk_io_schedule(void)
{
/* Prevent hang_check timer from firing at us during very long I/O */
unsigned long timeout = sysctl_hung_task_timeout_secs * HZ / 2;
if (timeout)
io_schedule_timeout(timeout);
else
io_schedule();
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(blk_io_schedule);
int __init blk_dev_init(void)
{
BUILD_BUG_ON((__force u32)REQ_OP_LAST >= (1 << REQ_OP_BITS));
BUILD_BUG_ON(REQ_OP_BITS + REQ_FLAG_BITS > 8 *
sizeof_field(struct request, cmd_flags));
BUILD_BUG_ON(REQ_OP_BITS + REQ_FLAG_BITS > 8 *
sizeof_field(struct bio, bi_opf));
/* used for unplugging and affects IO latency/throughput - HIGHPRI */
kblockd_workqueue = alloc_workqueue("kblockd",
WQ_MEM_RECLAIM | WQ_HIGHPRI, 0);
if (!kblockd_workqueue)
panic("Failed to create kblockd\n");
blk_requestq_cachep = kmem_cache_create("request_queue",
sizeof(struct request_queue), 0, SLAB_PANIC, NULL);
blk_debugfs_root = debugfs_create_dir("block", NULL);
return 0;
}