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64028ac3ba
MFC after: 1 week Sponsored by: Klara, Inc. Reviewed by: 0mp, pstef Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D43558
282 lines
6.5 KiB
Groff
282 lines
6.5 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.Dd January 23, 2024
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.Dt BINTRANS 1
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm bintrans ,
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.Nm uuencode ,
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.Nm uudecode ,
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.Nm b64encode ,
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.Nm b64decode ,
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.Nm base64
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.Nd encode / decode a binary file
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Op algorithm
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.Op ...
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.Nm uuencode
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.Op Fl m
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.Op Fl r
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.Op Fl o Ar output_file
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.Op Ar file
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.Ar name
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.Nm uudecode
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.Op Fl cimprs
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.Op Ar
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.Nm uudecode
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.Op Fl i
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.Fl o Ar output_file
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.Nm b64encode
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.Op Fl r
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.Op Fl w Ar column
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.Op Fl o Ar output_file
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.Op Ar file
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.Ar name
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.Nm b64decode
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.Op Fl cimprs
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.Op Ar
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.Nm b64decode
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.Op Fl i
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.Fl o Ar output_file
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.Op Ar file
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.Nm base64
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.Op Fl d
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.Op Fl w Ar column
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.Op Ar file
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm uuencode
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and
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.Nm uudecode
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utilities are used to transmit binary files over transmission mediums
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that do not support other than simple
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.Tn ASCII
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data.
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The
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.Nm b64encode
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utility is synonymous with
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.Nm uuencode
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with the
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.Fl m
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flag specified.
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The
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.Nm b64decode
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utility is synonymous with
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.Nm uudecode
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with the
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.Fl m
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flag specified.
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.Pp
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The
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.Nm base64
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utility acts as a base64 decoder when passed the
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.Fl -decode
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.Po or
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.Fl d
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.Pc
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flag and as a base64 encoder otherwise.
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As a decoder it only accepts raw base64 input
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and as an encoder it does not produce the framing lines.
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.Nm base64
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reads standard input or
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.Ar file
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if it is provided and writes to standard output.
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Options
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.Fl -wrap
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.Po or
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.Fl w
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.Pc
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and
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.Fl -ignore-garbage
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.Po or
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.Fl i
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.Pc
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are accepted for compatibility with GNU base64,
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but the latter is unimplemented and silently ignored.
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.Pp
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The
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.Nm uuencode
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utility reads
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.Ar file
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(or by default the standard input) and writes an encoded version
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to the standard output, or
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.Ar output_file
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if one has been specified.
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The encoding uses only printing
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.Tn ASCII
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characters and includes the
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mode of the file and the operand
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.Ar name
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for use by
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.Nm uudecode .
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.Pp
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The
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.Nm uudecode
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utility transforms
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.Em uuencoded
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files (or by default, the standard input) into the original form.
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The resulting file is named either
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.Ar name
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or (depending on options passed to
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.Nm uudecode )
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.Ar output_file
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and will have the mode of the original file except that setuid
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and execute bits are not retained.
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The
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.Nm uudecode
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utility ignores any leading and trailing lines.
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.Pp
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The following options are available for
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.Nm uuencode :
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.Bl -tag -width ident
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.It Fl m
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Use the Base64 method of encoding, rather than the traditional
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.Nm uuencode
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algorithm.
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.It Fl r
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Produce raw output by excluding the initial and final framing lines.
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.It Fl o Ar output_file
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Output to
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.Ar output_file
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instead of standard output.
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.El
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.Pp
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The following options are available for
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.Nm uudecode :
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.Bl -tag -width ident
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.It Fl c
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Decode more than one uuencoded file from
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.Ar file
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if possible.
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.It Fl i
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Do not overwrite files.
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.It Fl m
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When used with the
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.Fl r
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flag, decode Base64 input instead of traditional
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.Nm uuencode
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input.
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Without
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.Fl r
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it has no effect.
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.It Fl o Ar output_file
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Output to
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.Ar output_file
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instead of any pathname contained in the input data.
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.It Fl p
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Decode
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.Ar file
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and write output to standard output.
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.It Fl r
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Decode raw (or broken) input, which is missing the initial and
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possibly the final framing lines.
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The input is assumed to be in the traditional
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.Nm uuencode
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encoding, but if the
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.Fl m
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flag is used, or if the utility is invoked as
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.Nm b64decode ,
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then the input is assumed to be in Base64 format.
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.It Fl s
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Do not strip output pathname to base filename.
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By default
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.Nm uudecode
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deletes any prefix ending with the last slash '/' for security
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reasons.
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.El
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.Pp
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Additionally,
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.Nm b64encode
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accepts the following option:
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.Bl -tag -width ident
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.It Fl w Ar column
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Wrap encoded output after
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.Ar column .
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.El
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.Pp
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.Nm
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is a generic utility that can run
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any of the aforementioned encoders and decoders.
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It can also run algorithms that are not available
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through a dedicated program:
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.Pp
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.Nm qp
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is a quoted-printable converter
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and accepts the following options:
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.Bl -tag -width ident
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.It Fl u
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Decode.
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.It Fl o Ar output_file
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Output to
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.Ar output_file
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instead of standard output.
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.Sh EXAMPLES
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The following example packages up a source tree, compresses it,
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uuencodes it and mails it to a user on another system.
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When
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.Nm uudecode
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is run on the target system, the file ``src_tree.tar.Z'' will be
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created which may then be uncompressed and extracted into the original
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tree.
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.Pp
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.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
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tar cf \- src_tree \&| compress \&|
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uuencode src_tree.tar.Z \&| mail user@example.com
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.Ed
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.Pp
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The following example unpacks all uuencoded
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files from your mailbox into your current working directory.
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.Pp
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.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
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uudecode -c < $MAIL
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.Ed
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.Pp
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The following example extracts a compressed tar
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archive from your mailbox
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.Pp
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.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
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uudecode -o /dev/stdout < $MAIL | zcat | tar xfv -
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.Ed
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr basename 1 ,
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.Xr compress 1 ,
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.Xr mail 1 ,
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.Xr uucp 1 Pq Pa ports/net/freebsd-uucp ,
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.Xr uuencode 5
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.Sh HISTORY
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The
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.Nm uudecode
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and
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.Nm uuencode
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utilities appeared in
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.Bx 4.0 .
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.Sh BUGS
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Files encoded using the traditional algorithm are expanded by 35% (3
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bytes become 4 plus control information).
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