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b16b4c22d2
FreeBSD's boot times have decreased to the point where vm_page array initialization represents a significant fraction of the total boot time. For example, when booting FreeBSD in Firecracker (a VMM designed to support lightweight VMs) with 128MB and 1GB of RAM, vm_page initialization consumes 9% (3ms) and 37% (21.5ms) of the kernel boot time, respectively. This is generally relevant in cloud environments, where one wants to be able to spin up VMs as quickly as possible. This patch implements lazy initialization of (most) page structures, following a suggestion from cperciva@. The idea is to introduce a new free pool, VM_FREEPOOL_LAZYINIT, into which all vm_page structures are initially placed. For this to work, we need only initialize the first free page of each chunk placed into the buddy allocator. Then, early page allocations draw from the lazy init pool and initialize vm_page chunks (up to 16MB, 4096 pages) on demand. Once APs are started, an idle-priority thread drains the lazy init pool in the background to avoid introducing extra latency in the allocator. With this scheme, almost all of the initialization work is moved out of the critical path. A couple of vm_phys operations require the pool to be drained before they can run: vm_phys_find_range() and vm_phys_unfree_page(). However, these are rare operations. I believe that vm_phys_find_freelist_contig() does not require any special treatment, as it only ever accesses the first page in a power-of-2-sized free page chunk, which is always initialized. For now the new pool is only used on amd64 and arm64, since that's where I can easily test and those platforms would get the most benefit. Reviewed by: alc, kib Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D40403 |
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| .. | ||
| amd64 | ||
| arm | ||
| arm64 | ||
| bsm | ||
| cam | ||
| cddl | ||
| compat | ||
| conf | ||
| contrib | ||
| crypto | ||
| ddb | ||
| dev | ||
| dts | ||
| fs | ||
| gdb | ||
| geom | ||
| gnu | ||
| i386 | ||
| isa | ||
| kern | ||
| kgssapi | ||
| libkern | ||
| modules | ||
| net | ||
| net80211 | ||
| netgraph | ||
| netinet | ||
| netinet6 | ||
| netipsec | ||
| netlink | ||
| netpfil | ||
| netsmb | ||
| nfs | ||
| nfsclient | ||
| nfsserver | ||
| nlm | ||
| ofed | ||
| opencrypto | ||
| powerpc | ||
| riscv | ||
| rpc | ||
| security | ||
| sys | ||
| teken | ||
| tests | ||
| tools | ||
| ufs | ||
| vm | ||
| x86 | ||
| xdr | ||
| xen | ||
| Makefile | ||
| README.md | ||
FreeBSD Kernel Source:
This directory contains the source files and build glue that make up the FreeBSD kernel and its modules, including both original and contributed software.
Kernel configuration files are located in the conf/ subdirectory of each
architecture. GENERIC is the configuration used in release builds. NOTES
contains documentation of all possible entries. LINT is a compile-only
configuration used to maximize build coverage and detect regressions.
Documentation:
Source code documentation is maintained in a set of man pages, under section 9.
These pages are located in share/man/man9, from the
top-level of the src tree. Consult intro(9)
for an overview of existing pages.
Some additional high-level documentation of the kernel is maintained in the Architecture Handbook.
Source Roadmap:
| Directory | Description |
|---|---|
| amd64 | AMD64 (64-bit x86) architecture support |
| arm | 32-bit ARM architecture support |
| arm64 | 64-bit ARM (AArch64) architecture support |
| cam | Common Access Method storage subsystem - cam(4) and ctl(4) |
| cddl | CDDL-licensed optional sources such as DTrace |
| conf | kernel build glue |
| compat | Linux compatibility layer, FreeBSD 32-bit compatibility |
| contrib | 3rd-party imported software such as OpenZFS |
| crypto | crypto drivers |
| ddb | interactive kernel debugger - ddb(4) |
| fs | most filesystems, excluding UFS, NFS, and ZFS |
| dev | device drivers and other arch independent code |
| gdb | kernel remote GDB stub - gdb(4) |
| geom | GEOM framework - geom(4) |
| i386 | i386 (32-bit x86) architecture support |
| kern | main part of the kernel |
| libkern | libc-like and other support functions for kernel use |
| modules | kernel module infrastructure |
| net | core networking code |
| net80211 | wireless networking (IEEE 802.11) - net80211(4) |
| netgraph | graph-based networking subsystem - netgraph(4) |
| netinet | IPv4 protocol implementation - inet(4) |
| netinet6 | IPv6 protocol implementation - inet6(4) |
| netipsec | IPsec protocol implementation - ipsec(4) |
| netpfil | packet filters - ipfw(4), pf(4), and ipfilter(4) |
| opencrypto | OpenCrypto framework - crypto(7) |
| powerpc | PowerPC/POWER (32 and 64-bit) architecture support |
| riscv | 64-bit RISC-V architecture support |
| security | security facilities - audit(4) and mac(4) |
| sys | kernel headers |
| tests | kernel unit tests |
| ufs | Unix File System - ffs(7) |
| vm | virtual memory system |
| x86 | code shared by AMD64 and i386 architectures |