mirror of
https://github.com/freebsd/freebsd-src
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hier(7): improvement, modernisation
Consistent use of lowercase, spacing between sections, etc. Cease mentioning floppy disks. De-list /usr/share/misc/fonts/, which has been ??? (without a description) for twenty-seven years. Change zpool to pool. (zpool is a command.) Uppercase PPP for Point-to-Point Protocol. A few other changes to wording, including avoidance of the phrase pre-fab. Update the descriptions of: * /tmp/ * /usr/share/misc/ * /var/preserve/ * /var/tmp/ * /var/tmp/vi.recover/. Refer to vi(1) instead of ex(1). https://bugs.freebsd.org/261349 PR: 261349 Reviewed by: mhorne Approved by: mhorne Pull request: https://github.com/freebsd/freebsd-src/pull/763
This commit is contained in:
parent
2a3493b93b
commit
6469f9c595
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@ -28,51 +28,51 @@
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.\" @(#)hier.7 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd May 30, 2023
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.Dd June 10, 2023
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.Dt HIER 7
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm hier
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.Nd layout of file systems
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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A sketch of the file system hierarchy.
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An overview of the file system hierarchy.
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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.Bl -tag -width "/libexec/"
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.It Pa /
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root directory of the file system
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root directory
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.It Pa /bin/
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user utilities fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments
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user utilities that are fundamental to single-user and multi-user modes
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.It Pa /boot/
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programs and configuration files used during operating system bootstrap
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programs and configuration files used during bootstrap of the operating system
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width "defaults/" -compact
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.Bl -tag -width "nvmecontrol/" -compact
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.It Pa defaults/
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default bootstrapping configuration files; see
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default bootstrap configuration files; see
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.Xr loader.conf 5
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.It Pa dtb/
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Compiled flattened device tree (FDT) files; see
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compiled flattened device tree (FDT) files; see
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.Xr fdt 4
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and
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.Xr dtc 1
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.It Pa efi/
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Mount point for EFI System Partition (ESP) on UEFI systems
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mount point for the EFI System Partition (ESP) on UEFI systems
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.It Pa firmware/
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loadable kernel modules containing binary firmware for hardware that needs
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firmware downloaded to it to function
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loadable kernel modules containing binary firmware, for hardware to which
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firmware must be downloaded
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.It Pa kernel/
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pure kernel executable (the operating system loaded into memory
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at boot time) and kernel modules
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pure kernel executable (the operating system loaded into memory at boot time)
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and kernel modules
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.It Pa modules/
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third-party loadable kernel modules, such as the ones installed from
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third-party loadable kernel modules, such as those associated with
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.Xr ports 7
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.It Pa overlays/
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Compiled flattened device tree (FDT) overlays; see
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compiled flattened device tree (FDT) overlays; see
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.Xr fdt 4
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and
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.Xr dtc 1
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.It Pa zfs/
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.Xr zfs 8
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zpool cache files
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pool cache files
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.El
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.It Pa /compat/
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normally a link to
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@ -81,75 +81,67 @@ If not, then the
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.Pa /usr/compat
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comments apply
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.It Pa /dev/
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device special files managed by
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the normal mount point for
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.Xr devfs 5
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width "defaults/" -compact
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.Bl -tag -width "nvmecontrol/" -compact
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.It Pa fd/
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file descriptor files;
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see
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file descriptor files; see
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.Xr fd 4
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.El
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.It Pa /etc/
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system configuration files and scripts
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width "defaults/" -compact
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.Bl -tag -width "nvmecontrol/" -compact
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.It Pa bluetooth/
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bluetooth configuration files
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.It Pa defaults/
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default system configuration files;
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see
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default system configuration files; see
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.Xr rc 8
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.It Pa localtime
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local timezone information;
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see
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local timezone information; see
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.Xr ctime 3
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.It Pa mail/
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Sendmail control files
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.Xr sendmail 8
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control files
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.It Pa mtree/
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mtree configuration files;
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see
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.Xr mtree 8
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configuration files
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.It Pa pam.d/
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configuration files for the Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM)
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library
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configuration files for the Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM) library; see
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.Xr pam 3
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.It Pa periodic/
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scripts that are run daily, weekly, and monthly, via
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scripts that are run daily, weekly, or monthly by
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.Xr cron 8 ;
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see
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.Xr periodic 8
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.It Pa ppp/
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ppp configuration files;
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see
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PPP configuration files; see
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.Xr ppp 8
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.It Pa rc.d/
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system and daemon startup/control scripts;
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see
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system and daemon startup/control scripts; see
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.Xr rc 8
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.It Pa security/
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OpenBSM audit configuration files;
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see
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OpenBSM audit configuration files; see
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.Xr audit 8
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.It Pa ssh/
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OpenSSH configuration files;
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see
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OpenSSH configuration files; see
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.Xr ssh 1
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.It Pa ssl/
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OpenSSL configuration files
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.El
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.It Pa /home/
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users' HOME directories;
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the layout is not standardized, but a typical interactive user
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users' home directories; whilst the layout is not standardized, the typical home for an interactive user
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.Dv beastie
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might receive their own directory
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.Pa /home/beastie
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would be
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.Pa /home/beastie/
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.It Pa /lib/
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critical system libraries needed for binaries in
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system libraries that are critial to binaries in
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.Pa /bin
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and
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.Pa /sbin
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width "defaults/" -compact
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.Bl -tag -width "nvmecontrol/" -compact
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.It Pa casper/
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service-specific
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.Xr libcasper 3
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@ -164,43 +156,41 @@ vendor-specific libraries to extend the
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utility
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.El
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.It Pa /libexec/
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critical system utilities needed for binaries in
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system utilities that are critial to binaries in
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.Pa /bin
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and
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.Pa /sbin
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.It Pa /media/
|
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contains subdirectories to be used as mount points
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for removable media such as CDs, USB drives, and
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floppy disks
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contains subdirectories that are mount points for removable media such as
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USB drives, CDs and DVDs
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.It Pa /mnt/
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empty directory commonly used by
|
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system administrators as a temporary mount point
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empty directory commonly used by system administrators as a temporary mount
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point
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.It Pa /net/
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automounted NFS shares;
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see
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automounted NFS shares; see
|
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.Xr auto_master 5
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.It Pa /nonexistent/
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a non-existent directory;
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by convention, it serves as a home directory
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for special user accounts
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that need no home directory;
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see also
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a non-existent directory; conventionally, a home directory for special user
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accounts that do not require a home directory. See also
|
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.Pa /var/empty/
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.It Pa /proc/
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process file system;
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see
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process file system; see
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.Xr procfs 5
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.It Pa /rescue/
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statically linked programs for emergency recovery;
|
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see
|
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statically-linked programs for emergency recovery; see
|
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.Xr rescue 8
|
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.It Pa /root/
|
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root's HOME directory
|
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home directory of the root user
|
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.It Pa /sbin/
|
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system programs and administration utilities
|
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fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments
|
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system programs and administration utilities that are fundamental to
|
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single-user and multi-user modes
|
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.It Pa /tmp/
|
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temporary files that are not guaranteed to persist across system reboots
|
||||
temporary files that may be removed by
|
||||
.Xr rc 8 ;
|
||||
see the
|
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.It Va clear_tmp_enable
|
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variable of
|
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.Xr rc.conf 5
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.It Pa /usr/
|
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contains the majority of user utilities and applications
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.Pp
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|
@ -208,19 +198,16 @@ contains the majority of user utilities and applications
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.It Pa bin/
|
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common utilities, programming tools, and applications
|
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.It Pa compat/
|
||||
files needed to support binary compatibility with other operating systems;
|
||||
see
|
||||
files needed to support binary compatibility with other operating systems; see
|
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.Xr linux 4
|
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.It Pa freebsd-dist/
|
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distribution files
|
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.Pq like base.txz ;
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see
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||||
.Pq like base.txz ; see
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.Xr release 7
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and
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.Xr bsdinstall 8
|
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.It Pa include/
|
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standard C include files
|
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.Pp
|
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.It Pa lib/
|
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shared and archive
|
||||
.Xr ar 1 Ns -type
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|
@ -244,17 +231,16 @@ miscellaneous utility data files
|
|||
.It Pa gcc/
|
||||
GCC configuration data
|
||||
.It Pa ldscripts/
|
||||
linker scripts;
|
||||
see
|
||||
linker scripts; see
|
||||
.Xr ld 1
|
||||
.It Pa pkgconfig/
|
||||
.Xr pc 5 Pq Pa ports/devel/pkgconf
|
||||
files: collections of compiler flags, linker flags, and other
|
||||
information relevant to library use
|
||||
files; collections of compiler flags, linker flags, and other information
|
||||
relevant to library use
|
||||
.El
|
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.Pp
|
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.It Pa libexec/
|
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system daemons & system utilities (executed by other programs)
|
||||
system daemons and system utilities that are executed by other programs
|
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.Pp
|
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.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
|
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.It Pa aout/
|
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|
@ -262,14 +248,12 @@ utilities to manipulate a.out executables
|
|||
.It Pa elf/
|
||||
utilities to manipulate ELF executables
|
||||
.It Pa lpr/
|
||||
utilities and filters for LP print system;
|
||||
see
|
||||
utilities and filters for LP print system; see
|
||||
.Xr lpr 1
|
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.It Pa sendmail/
|
||||
the
|
||||
.Xr sendmail 8
|
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binary;
|
||||
see
|
||||
binary; see
|
||||
.Xr mailwrapper 8
|
||||
.It Pa sm.bin/
|
||||
restricted shell for
|
||||
|
@ -290,8 +274,7 @@ the general layout sketched out by
|
|||
for
|
||||
.Pa /usr
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should be used.
|
||||
Exceptions are the
|
||||
ports documentation
|
||||
Exceptions are the ports documentation
|
||||
.Po in
|
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.Pa share/doc/<port>/ Ns Pc ,
|
||||
and
|
||||
|
@ -301,27 +284,25 @@ and
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|||
.It Pa obj/
|
||||
architecture-specific target tree produced by building
|
||||
.Fx
|
||||
from source;
|
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see
|
||||
from source; see
|
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.Xr build 7
|
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.It Pa ports/
|
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.Fx
|
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ports collection; see
|
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.Xr ports 7
|
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.It Pa sbin/
|
||||
system daemons & system utilities (executed by users)
|
||||
system daemons and system utilities that are executed by users
|
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.It Pa share/
|
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architecture-independent files
|
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.Pp
|
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.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
|
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.It Pa calendar/
|
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a variety of pre-fab calendar files;
|
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see
|
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system-wide calendar files; see
|
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.Xr calendar 1
|
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.It Pa dict/
|
||||
word lists;
|
||||
see
|
||||
word lists; see
|
||||
.Xr look 1
|
||||
.Pp
|
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.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
|
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.It Pa freebsd
|
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.Fx Ns -specific
|
||||
|
@ -329,6 +310,7 @@ terms, proper names, and jargon
|
|||
.It Pa web2
|
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words from Webster's Second International
|
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.El
|
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.Pp
|
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.It Pa doc/
|
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miscellaneous documentation
|
||||
.It Pa examples/
|
||||
|
@ -336,9 +318,10 @@ various examples for users and programmers
|
|||
.It Pa firmware/
|
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firmware images loaded by userland programs
|
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.It Pa games/
|
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ASCII text files used by various games
|
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used by various games
|
||||
.It Pa keys/
|
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known trusted and revoked keys
|
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.Pp
|
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.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
|
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.It Pa pkg/
|
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fingerprints for
|
||||
|
@ -346,25 +329,23 @@ fingerprints for
|
|||
and
|
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.Xr pkg 8
|
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.El
|
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.Pp
|
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.It Pa locale/
|
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localization files;
|
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see
|
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localization files; see
|
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.Xr setlocale 3
|
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.It Pa man/
|
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manual pages
|
||||
.It Pa misc/
|
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miscellaneous system-wide ASCII text files
|
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miscellaneous system-wide files
|
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.Pp
|
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.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
|
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.It Pa fonts/
|
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???
|
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.It Pa termcap
|
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terminal characteristics database;
|
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see
|
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terminal characteristics database; see
|
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.Xr termcap 5
|
||||
.El
|
||||
.Pp
|
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.It Pa mk/
|
||||
templates for make;
|
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see
|
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templates for make; see
|
||||
.Xr make 1
|
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.It Pa nls/
|
||||
national language support files
|
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|
@ -380,6 +361,7 @@ example
|
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(dot) files for new accounts
|
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.It Pa snmp/
|
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MIBs, example files and tree definitions for the SNMP daemon
|
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.Pp
|
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.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
|
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.It Pa defs/
|
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tree definition files for use with
|
||||
|
@ -387,29 +369,30 @@ tree definition files for use with
|
|||
.It Pa mibs/
|
||||
MIB files
|
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.El
|
||||
.Pp
|
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.It Pa syscons/
|
||||
files used by syscons;
|
||||
see
|
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.Xr syscons 4
|
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files
|
||||
.Pp
|
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.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
|
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.It Pa fonts/
|
||||
console fonts;
|
||||
see
|
||||
console fonts; see
|
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.Xr vidcontrol 1
|
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and
|
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.Xr vidfont 1
|
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.It Pa keymaps/
|
||||
console keyboard maps;
|
||||
see
|
||||
console keyboard maps; see
|
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.Xr kbdcontrol 1
|
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and
|
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.Xr kbdmap 1
|
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.It Pa scrnmaps/
|
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console screen maps
|
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.El
|
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.Pp
|
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.It Pa sysroot/
|
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files necessary for the -sysroot compiler/linker argument to build non-native
|
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binaries.
|
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binaries
|
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.Pp
|
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.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
|
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.It Pa VERSION/
|
||||
files for
|
||||
|
@ -420,6 +403,7 @@ By convention,
|
|||
matches
|
||||
.Xr uname 1
|
||||
.Fl r .
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
|
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.It Pa MACHINE.MACHINE_ARCH/
|
||||
represent the binary ABI for these files.
|
||||
|
@ -433,37 +417,35 @@ matches
|
|||
.Fl p .
|
||||
.El
|
||||
.El
|
||||
.Pp
|
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.It Pa tabset/
|
||||
tab description files for a variety of terminals; used in
|
||||
the termcap file;
|
||||
tab description files for a variety of terminals; used in the termcap file;
|
||||
see
|
||||
.Xr termcap 5
|
||||
.It Pa vi/
|
||||
localization support and utilities for
|
||||
.Xr vi 1
|
||||
.It Pa vt/
|
||||
files used by vt;
|
||||
see
|
||||
.Xr vt 4
|
||||
files
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
|
||||
.It Pa fonts/
|
||||
console fonts;
|
||||
see
|
||||
console fonts; see
|
||||
.Xr vidcontrol 1
|
||||
and
|
||||
.Xr vidfont 1
|
||||
.It Pa keymaps/
|
||||
console keyboard maps;
|
||||
see
|
||||
console keyboard maps; see
|
||||
.Xr kbdcontrol 1
|
||||
and
|
||||
.Xr kbdmap 1
|
||||
.\" .It Pa scrnmaps/
|
||||
.\" console screen maps
|
||||
.El
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
.It Pa zoneinfo/
|
||||
timezone configuration information;
|
||||
see
|
||||
timezone configuration information; see
|
||||
.Xr tzfile 5
|
||||
.El
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
|
@ -476,41 +458,39 @@ The layout of the source tree is described by the top-level
|
|||
file.
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
.It Pa tests/
|
||||
The
|
||||
the
|
||||
.Fx
|
||||
test suite; see
|
||||
.Xr tests 7
|
||||
.El
|
||||
.It Pa /var/
|
||||
multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files
|
||||
log, temporary, transient, and spool files
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
.Bl -tag -width "defaults/" -compact
|
||||
.Bl -tag -width "preserve/" -compact
|
||||
.It Pa account/
|
||||
system accounting files
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
|
||||
.It Pa acct
|
||||
execution accounting file;
|
||||
see
|
||||
execution accounting file; see
|
||||
.Xr acct 5
|
||||
.El
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
.It Pa at/
|
||||
timed command scheduling files;
|
||||
see
|
||||
timed command scheduling files; see
|
||||
.Xr at 1
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
|
||||
.It Pa jobs/
|
||||
directory containing job files
|
||||
job files
|
||||
.It Pa spool/
|
||||
directory containing output spool files
|
||||
output spool files
|
||||
.El
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
.It Pa backups/
|
||||
miscellaneous backup files
|
||||
.It Pa cache/
|
||||
miscellaneous cached files
|
||||
miscellaneous cache files
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
|
||||
.It Pa pkg/
|
||||
|
@ -519,34 +499,33 @@ cached packages for
|
|||
.El
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
.It Pa crash/
|
||||
default directory to store kernel crash dumps; see
|
||||
default directory for kernel crash dumps; see
|
||||
.Xr crash 8
|
||||
and
|
||||
.Xr savecore 8
|
||||
.It Pa cron/
|
||||
files used by cron;
|
||||
see
|
||||
.Xr cron 8
|
||||
files
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
|
||||
.It Pa tabs/
|
||||
crontab files;
|
||||
see
|
||||
.Xr crontab 5
|
||||
files
|
||||
.El
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
.It Pa db/
|
||||
miscellaneous automatically generated system-specific database files
|
||||
.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
|
||||
miscellaneous automatically-generated system-specific database files
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
.Bl -tag -width "freebsd-update/" -compact
|
||||
.It Pa freebsd-update/
|
||||
temporary files and downloads for
|
||||
.Xr freebsd-update 8
|
||||
work directory for temporary files and downloaded updates
|
||||
.El
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
.It Pa empty/
|
||||
empty directory for use by programs that need a specifically empty directory.
|
||||
Used for instance by
|
||||
for use by programs that require an empty directory.
|
||||
Uses include privilege separation by
|
||||
.Xr sshd 8
|
||||
for privilege separation
|
||||
.It Pa games/
|
||||
miscellaneous game status and score files
|
||||
.It Pa heimdal/
|
||||
|
@ -555,33 +534,26 @@ Kerberos server databases; see
|
|||
.It Pa log/
|
||||
miscellaneous system log files
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
|
||||
.Bl -tag -width "utx.lastlogin" -compact
|
||||
.It Pa utx.lastlogin
|
||||
last login log;
|
||||
see
|
||||
last login log; see
|
||||
.Xr getutxent 3
|
||||
.It Pa utx.log
|
||||
login/logout log;
|
||||
see
|
||||
login/logout log; see
|
||||
.Xr getutxent 3
|
||||
.El
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
.It Pa mail/
|
||||
user mailbox files
|
||||
.It Pa msgs/
|
||||
system messages database;
|
||||
see
|
||||
system messages database; see
|
||||
.Xr msgs 1
|
||||
.It Pa preserve/
|
||||
temporary home of files preserved after an accidental death
|
||||
of an editor;
|
||||
see
|
||||
.Xr ex 1
|
||||
unused, present for historical reasons
|
||||
.It Pa quotas/
|
||||
file system quota information files
|
||||
.It Pa run/
|
||||
system information files describing various info about
|
||||
system since it was booted
|
||||
files containing information about the operating system since it was booted
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
|
||||
.It Pa bhyve/
|
||||
|
@ -594,14 +566,12 @@ writable by the
|
|||
group for command connection sockets; see
|
||||
.Xr ppp 8
|
||||
.It Pa utx.active
|
||||
database of current users;
|
||||
see
|
||||
database of current users; see
|
||||
.Xr getutxent 3
|
||||
.El
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
.It Pa rwho/
|
||||
rwho data files;
|
||||
see
|
||||
rwho data files; see
|
||||
.Xr rwhod 8 ,
|
||||
.Xr rwho 1 ,
|
||||
and
|
||||
|
@ -609,29 +579,28 @@ and
|
|||
.It Pa spool/
|
||||
miscellaneous printer and mail system spooling directories
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
|
||||
.Bl -tag -width "clientmqueue/" -compact
|
||||
.It Pa clientmqueue/
|
||||
undelivered submission mail queue;
|
||||
see
|
||||
undelivered submission mail queue; see
|
||||
.Xr sendmail 8
|
||||
.It Pa ftp/
|
||||
ftp root directory;
|
||||
see
|
||||
ftp root directory; see
|
||||
.Xr ftpd 8
|
||||
.It Pa mqueue/
|
||||
undelivered mail queue;
|
||||
see
|
||||
undelivered mail queue; see
|
||||
.Xr sendmail 8
|
||||
.It Pa output/
|
||||
line printer spooling directories
|
||||
.El
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
.It Pa tmp/
|
||||
temporary files that are kept between system reboots
|
||||
temporary files that are not removed by
|
||||
.Xr rc 8
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
|
||||
.Bl -tag -width "vi.recover/" -compact
|
||||
.It Pa vi.recover/
|
||||
the directory where recovery files are stored
|
||||
.Xr vi 1
|
||||
recovery files
|
||||
.El
|
||||
.Pp
|
||||
.It Pa yp/
|
||||
|
@ -642,8 +611,8 @@ the NIS maps; see
|
|||
.Sh NOTES
|
||||
This manual page documents the default
|
||||
.Fx
|
||||
file system layout, but
|
||||
the actual hierarchy on a given system is defined at the system
|
||||
file system layout.
|
||||
The actual hierarchy on a given system is defined at the system
|
||||
administrator's discretion.
|
||||
A well-maintained installation will include a customized version of
|
||||
this document.
|
||||
|
|
Loading…
Reference in a new issue