msdosfs: fix potential inode collision on FAT12 and FAT16

FAT file systems do not use inodes, instead all file meta-information
is stored in directory entries.

FAT12 and FAT16 use a fixed size area for root directories, with
typically 512 entries of 32 bytes each (for a total of 16 KB) on hard
disk formats. The file system data is stored in clusters of typically
512 to 4096 bytes, depending on the size of the file system.

The current code uses the offset of a DOS 8.3 style directory entry as
a pseudo-inode, which leads to inode values of 0 to 16368 for typical
root directories with 512 entries.

Sub-directories use 2 cluster length plus the byte offset of the
directory entry in the data area for the pseudo-inode, which may be
as low as 1024 in case of 512 byte clusters. A sub-directory in
cluster 2 and with 512 byte clusters will therefore lead to a
re-use of inode 1024 when there are at least 32 DOS 8.3 style
filenames in the root directory (or 11 14-character Windows
long file names, each of which takes up 3 directory entries).

FAT32 file systems are not affected by this issue and FAT12/FAT16
file systems with larger cluster sizes are unlikely to have as
many directory entries in the root directory as are required to
cause the collision.

This commit leads to inode numbers that are guaranteed to not collide
for all valid FAT12 and FAT16 file system parameters. It does also
provide a small speed-up due to more efficient use of the vnode cache.

Approved by:	mckusick
MFC after:	3 days
Differential Revision:	https://reviews.freebsd.org/D43978

sys/fs/msdosfs/denode.h

@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ struct denode {
 	u_long de_FileSize;	/* size of file in bytes */
 	struct fatcache de_fc[FC_SIZE];	/* FAT cache */
 	u_quad_t de_modrev;	/* Revision level for lease. */
-	uint64_t de_inode;	/* Inode number (really byte offset of direntry) */
+	uint64_t de_inode;	/* Inode number (really index of DOS style direntry) */
 };
 
 /*
@@ -217,6 +217,12 @@ struct denode {
 #define	VTODE(vp)	((struct denode *)(vp)->v_data)
 #define	DETOV(de)	((de)->de_vnode)
 
+#define DETOI(pmp, cn, off)						\
+	((cn) == MSDOSFSROOT						\
+	    ? (((uint64_t)(off) >> 5))					\
+	    : (((((uint64_t)pmp->pm_bpcluster * ((cn) - 2) + (off))) >> 5) \
+		+ pmp->pm_RootDirEnts))
+
 #define	DETIMES(dep, acc, mod, cre) do {				\
 	if ((dep)->de_flag & DE_UPDATE) {				\
 		(dep)->de_flag |= DE_MODIFIED;				\

sys/fs/msdosfs/msdosfs_denode.c

@@ -133,10 +133,13 @@ deget(struct msdosfsmount *pmp, u_long dirclust, u_long diroffset,
 	 * entry that represented the file happens to be reused while the
 	 * deleted file is still open.
 	 */
-	inode = (uint64_t)pmp->pm_bpcluster * dirclust + diroffset;
+	inode = DETOI(pmp, dirclust, diroffset);
 
 	error = vfs_hash_get(mntp, inode, lkflags, curthread, &nvp,
 	    de_vncmpf, &inode);
+#ifdef MSDOSFS_DEBUG
+	printf("vfs_hash_get(inode %lu) error %d\n", inode, error);
+#endif
 	if (error)
 		return (error);
 	if (nvp != NULL) {
@@ -191,6 +194,9 @@ deget(struct msdosfsmount *pmp, u_long dirclust, u_long diroffset,
 	}
 	error = vfs_hash_insert(nvp, inode, lkflags, curthread, &xvp,
 	    de_vncmpf, &inode);
+#ifdef MSDOSFS_DEBUG
+	printf("vfs_hash_insert(inode %lu) error %d\n", inode, error);
+#endif
 	if (error) {
 		*depp = NULL;
 		return (error);
@@ -589,8 +595,11 @@ reinsert(struct denode *dep)
 		return;
 #endif
 	vp = DETOV(dep);
-	dep->de_inode = (uint64_t)dep->de_pmp->pm_bpcluster * dep->de_dirclust +
-	    dep->de_diroffset;
+	dep->de_inode = DETOI(dep->de_pmp, dep->de_dirclust, dep->de_diroffset);
+#ifdef MSDOSFS_DEBUG
+	printf("vfs_hash_rehash(inode %lu, refcnt %lu, vp %p)\n",
+	    dep->de_inode, dep->de_refcnt, vp);
+#endif
 	vfs_hash_rehash(vp, dep->de_inode);
 }
 
@@ -608,6 +617,10 @@ msdosfs_reclaim(struct vop_reclaim_args *ap)
 	/*
 	 * Remove the denode from its hash chain.
 	 */
+#ifdef MSDOSFS_DEBUG
+	printf("vfs_hash_remove(inode %lu, refcnt %lu, vp %p)\n",
+	    dep->de_inode, dep->de_refcnt, vp);
+#endif
 	vfs_hash_remove(vp);
 	/*
 	 * Purge old data structures associated with the denode.

sys/fs/msdosfs/msdosfs_lookup.c

@@ -586,7 +586,7 @@ msdosfs_lookup_ino(struct vnode *vdp, struct vnode **vpp, struct componentname
 		}
 		if (FAT32(pmp) && scn == MSDOSFSROOT)
 			scn = pmp->pm_rootdirblk;
-		inode1 = scn * pmp->pm_bpcluster + blkoff;
+		inode1 = DETOI(pmp, scn, blkoff);
 		if (VTODE(*vpp)->de_inode != inode1) {
 			vput(*vpp);
 			goto restart;