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Mechanically kill hard sentence breaks.

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This commit is contained in:
Ruslan Ermilov 2004-07-02 23:13:00 +00:00
parent 2ac2784f0c
commit 07bfccd71e
Notes: svn2git 2020-12-20 02:59:44 +00:00 
svn path=/head/; revision=131500
107 changed files with 1317 additions and 681 deletions
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2
usr.sbin/IPXrouted/IPXrouted.8
View file

@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ conditions is satisfied:
No routing table entry exists for the destination network
or host, and the metric indicates the destination is
.Dq reachable
(i.e. the hop count is not infinite).
(i.e., the hop count is not infinite).
.It
The source host of the packet is the same as the router in the
existing routing table entry.

6
usr.sbin/ac/ac.8
View file

@ -73,7 +73,8 @@ Display the connect times in 24 hour chunks.
.It Fl p
Print individual users' totals.
.It Fl t Ar tty
Only do accounting logins on certain ttys. The
Only do accounting logins on certain ttys.
The
.Ar tty
specification can start with '!' to indicate not this
.Ar tty
@ -105,7 +106,8 @@ by
which rename and rotate the
.Pa wtmp
files, keeping a week's worth of data on
hand. No login or connect time accounting is performed if
hand.
No login or connect time accounting is performed if
.Pa /var/log/wtmp
does not exist.
.Pp

27
usr.sbin/apm/apm.8
View file

@ -47,7 +47,8 @@ If multiple display options are given, the values are displayed one
per line in the order given here.
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It Fl a
Display the current AC-line status as an integer value. The values
Display the current AC-line status as an integer value.
The values
0 and 1 correspond to the
.Dq off-line
state or
@ -89,28 +90,35 @@ See
.Xr apm 4
for details.
.It Fl l
Display the remaining battery percentage. If your laptop does not
Display the remaining battery percentage.
If your laptop does not
support this function, 255 is displayed.
.It Fl r Ar delta
Enable the resume wakeup timer, if the laptop supports it. This
Enable the resume wakeup timer, if the laptop supports it.
This
doesn't actually suspend the laptop, but if the laptop is suspended,
and it supports resume from suspend, then it will be resumed after
.Ar delta
seconds (from when you run this command, not from when you suspend).
.It Fl s
Display the status of the APM support as an integer value. The values
Display the status of the APM support as an integer value.
The values
0 and 1 correspond to the
.Dq disabled
state or
.Dq enabled
state respectively.
.It Fl t
Display the estimated remaining battery lifetime in seconds. If
Display the estimated remaining battery lifetime in seconds.
If
it is unknown, -1 is displayed.
.It Fl Z
Transition the system into standby mode. This mode uses less power than
full power mode, but more than suspend mode. Some laptops support
resuming from this state on timer or Ring Indicator events. The
Transition the system into standby mode.
This mode uses less power than
full power mode, but more than suspend mode.
Some laptops support
resuming from this state on timer or Ring Indicator events.
The
output of
.Nm
tells what your laptop claims to support.
@ -127,7 +135,8 @@ On such systems,
displays them as unknown.
.Pp
Some APM implementations cannot handle events such as pushing the
power button or closing the cover. On such implementations, the system
power button or closing the cover.
On such implementations, the system
.Ar must
be suspended
.Ar only

21
usr.sbin/apmd/apmd.8
View file

@ -47,10 +47,12 @@ utility
monitors the occurrence of the specified Advanced Power Management
.Pq Tn APM
events and, if one of the events occurs, it executes the sequence of
commands corresponding to the event. Only the events specified in the
commands corresponding to the event.
Only the events specified in the
configuration file are notified to
.Nm ;
all other events are ignored. For each event posted by the APM BIOS,
all other events are ignored.
For each event posted by the APM BIOS,
.Nm
invokes the sequence of commands specified in the configuration file.
When
@ -66,7 +68,8 @@ The
utility recognizes the following runtime options:
.Bl -tag -width -f_file
.It Fl d
Starts in debug mode. This causes
Starts in debug mode.
This causes
.Nm
to execute in the foreground instead of in daemon mode.
.It Fl f Ar file
@ -114,7 +117,8 @@ When
.Nm
receives an APM event, it forks a child process to execute the
commands specified in the configuration file and then continues
listening for more events. The child process executes the commands
listening for more events.
The child process executes the commands
specified, one at a time and in the order that they are listed.
.Pp
While
@ -135,7 +139,8 @@ This can be used to kill or reconfigure
.Sh CONFIGURATION FILE
The structure of the
.Nm
configuration file is quite simple. For example:
configuration file is quite simple.
For example:
.Pp
.Bd -literal
apm_event SUSPENDREQ {
@ -167,7 +172,8 @@ each events.
APM events
.Bd -ragged -offset indent
If you wish to execute the same commands for different events, the
event names should be delimited by a comma. The following are
event names should be delimited by a comma.
The following are
valid event names:
.Bl -item
.It
@ -241,7 +247,8 @@ The following built-in functions are currently supported:
.It
- reject:
.Bd -ragged -offset indent
Reject last request posted by APM BIOS. This can be used to reject
Reject last request posted by APM BIOS.
This can be used to reject
a SUSPEND request when the LCD is closed and put the system in a
STANDBY state instead.
.Ed

2
usr.sbin/arp/arp.4
View file

@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ In the past,
ARP was used to negotiate the use of a trailer encapsulation.
This is no longer supported.
.Pp
ARP watches passively for hosts impersonating the local host (i.e. a host
ARP watches passively for hosts impersonating the local host (i.e., a host
which responds to an ARP mapping request for the local host's address).
.Pp
Proxy ARP is a feature whereby the local host will respond to requests

3
usr.sbin/arp/arp.8
View file

@ -161,7 +161,8 @@ Cause the file
.Ar filename
to be read and multiple entries to be set in the
.Tn ARP
tables. Entries
tables.
Entries
in the file should be of the form
.Pp
.Bd -ragged -offset indent -compact

4
usr.sbin/atm/scspd/scspd.8
View file

@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ Some statements contain blocks, delimited by braces
and
.Dq Li } ) .
Configuration statement keywords are not case-sensitive,
but some parameters (e.g. interface names) are.
but some parameters (e.g.\& interface names) are.
Configuration statements can span multiple lines.
.Ss Comments
Three types of comments are allowed:
@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ statement must always be specified.
The
.Ic familyID
statement specifies an identifier for a family
of parallel SCSP sessions running between a group of hosts (i.e. a
of parallel SCSP sessions running between a group of hosts (i.e., a
set of SCSP sessions with different protocol IDs but the same set
of servers).
The

15
usr.sbin/boot98cfg/boot98cfg.8
View file

@ -53,7 +53,8 @@ consists of the
and
.Sq HDD boot menu .
The IPL occupies sector 0 of a disk and is followed by the partition
table. The IPL loads the HDD boot menu that starts from 0x400.
table.
The IPL loads the HDD boot menu that starts from 0x400.
.Pp
The
.Nm
@ -67,12 +68,15 @@ than that in the format command.
The options are:
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It Fl B
Install the IPL and HDD boot menu. This option causes the IPL and HDD
Install the IPL and HDD boot menu.
This option causes the IPL and HDD
boot menu code to be replaced.
.It Fl i Ar boot0
Specify which IPL image to use. The default is /boot/boot0.
Specify which IPL image to use.
The default is /boot/boot0.
.It Fl m Ar boot0.5
Specify which HDD boot menu image to use. The default is
Specify which HDD boot menu image to use.
The default is
/boot/boot0.5.
.It Fl f Ar boot0.bak
Specify that a backup copy of the preexisting IPL should be written to
@ -86,7 +90,8 @@ This file is created if it does not exist, and truncated if it does.
.It Fl v Ar version
Specify the version number.
.It Fl s Ar secsize
Specify the sector size. The default sector size is 512
Specify the sector size.
The default sector size is 512
(bytes/sector).
.El
.Sh SEE ALSO

3
usr.sbin/btxld/btxld.8
View file

@ -72,7 +72,8 @@ or
.It Fl l Ar file
Specify the BTX loader to be bound with the client.
.It Fl o Ar filename
Name the output file. The default is
Name the output file.
The default is
.Dq a.out .
.It Fl P Ar page
Specify the first page of the client's segment to be marked

6
usr.sbin/ckdist/ckdist.1
View file

@ -48,10 +48,12 @@ formats are supported.
.Pp
The
.Ar file
operands may refer to regular files or to directories. Regular files
operands may refer to regular files or to directories.
Regular files
named "md5", or which have an ".md5" or an ".inf" extension, are
assumed to be of the implied type, otherwise format is determined from
content. If a directory is specified, it is searched for
content.
If a directory is specified, it is searched for
appropriately-named files only.
.Pp
Options are as follows:

9
usr.sbin/cron/cron/cron.8
View file

@ -57,7 +57,8 @@ The
.Nm
utility
then wakes up every minute, examining all stored crontabs, checking each
command to see if it should be run in the current minute. When executing
command to see if it should be run in the current minute.
When executing
commands, any output is mailed to the owner of the crontab (or to the user
named in the
.Ev MAILTO
@ -71,9 +72,11 @@ the modification time on
has changed, and if it has,
.Nm
will then examine the modification time on all crontabs and reload those
which have changed. Thus
which have changed.
Thus
.Nm
need not be restarted whenever a crontab file is modified. Note that the
need not be restarted whenever a crontab file is modified.
Note that the
.Xr crontab 1
command updates the modification time of the spool directory whenever it
changes a crontab.

71
usr.sbin/cron/crontab/crontab.5
View file

@ -30,19 +30,23 @@ file contains instructions to the
.Xr cron 8
daemon of the general form: ``run this command at this time on this date''.
Each user has their own crontab, and commands in any given crontab will be
executed as the user who owns the crontab. Uucp and News will usually have
executed as the user who owns the crontab.
Uucp and News will usually have
their own crontabs, eliminating the need for explicitly running
.Xr su 1
as part of a cron command.
.Pp
Blank lines and leading spaces and tabs are ignored. Lines whose first
Blank lines and leading spaces and tabs are ignored.
Lines whose first
non-space character is a pound-sign (#) are comments, and are ignored.
Note that comments are not allowed on the same line as cron commands, since
they will be taken to be part of the command. Similarly, comments are not
they will be taken to be part of the command.
Similarly, comments are not
allowed on the same line as environment variable settings.
.Pp
An active line in a crontab will be either an environment setting or a cron
command. An environment setting is of the form,
command.
An environment setting is of the form,
.Bd -literal
name = value
.Ed
@ -102,7 +106,8 @@ and
will look at
.Ev MAILTO
if it has any reason to send mail as a result of running
commands in ``this'' crontab. If
commands in ``this'' crontab.
If
.Ev MAILTO
is defined (and non-empty), mail is
sent to the user so named.
@ -112,7 +117,9 @@ by seperating recipient users with a comma.
If
.Ev MAILTO
is defined but empty (MAILTO=""), no
mail will be sent. Otherwise mail is sent to the owner of the crontab. This
mail will be sent.
Otherwise mail is sent to the owner of the crontab.
This
option is useful if you decide on
.Pa /bin/mail
instead of
@ -124,11 +131,13 @@ doesn't do aliasing, and UUCP
usually doesn't read its mail.
.Pp
The format of a cron command is very much the V7 standard, with a number of
upward-compatible extensions. Each line has five time and date fields,
upward-compatible extensions.
Each line has five time and date fields,
followed by a user name
(with optional ``:<group>'' and ``/<login-class>'' suffixes)
if this is the system crontab file,
followed by a command. Commands are executed by
followed by a command.
Commands are executed by
.Xr cron 8
when the minute, hour, and month of year fields match the current time,
.Em and
@ -149,25 +158,35 @@ day of week 0-7 (0 or 7 is Sun, or use names)
.Pp
A field may be an asterisk (*), which always stands for ``first\-last''.
.Pp
Ranges of numbers are allowed. Ranges are two numbers separated
with a hyphen. The specified range is inclusive. For example,
Ranges of numbers are allowed.
Ranges are two numbers separated
with a hyphen.
The specified range is inclusive.
For example,
8-11 for an ``hours'' entry specifies execution at hours 8, 9, 10
and 11.
.Pp
Lists are allowed. A list is a set of numbers (or ranges)
separated by commas. Examples: ``1,2,5,9'', ``0-4,8-12''.
Lists are allowed.
A list is a set of numbers (or ranges)
separated by commas.
Examples: ``1,2,5,9'', ``0-4,8-12''.
.Pp
Step values can be used in conjunction with ranges. Following
Step values can be used in conjunction with ranges.
Following
a range with ``/<number>'' specifies skips of the number's value
through the range. For example, ``0-23/2'' can be used in the hours
through the range.
For example, ``0-23/2'' can be used in the hours
field to specify command execution every other hour (the alternative
in the V7 standard is ``0,2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22''). Steps are
in the V7 standard is ``0,2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22'').
Steps are
also permitted after an asterisk, so if you want to say ``every two
hours'', just use ``*/2''.
.Pp
Names can also be used for the ``month'' and ``day of week''
fields. Use the first three letters of the particular
day or month (case doesn't matter). Ranges or
fields.
Use the first three letters of the particular
day or month (case doesn't matter).
Ranges or
lists of names are not allowed.
.Pp
The ``sixth'' field (the rest of the line) specifies the command to be
@ -185,10 +204,12 @@ after the first % will be sent to the command as standard
input.
.Pp
Note: The day of a command's execution can be specified by two
fields \(em day of month, and day of week. If both fields are
fields \(em day of month, and day of week.
If both fields are
restricted (ie, aren't *), the command will be run when
.Em either
field matches the current time. For example,
field matches the current time.
For example,
``30 4 1,15 * 5''
would cause a command to be run at 4:30 am on the 1st and 15th of each
month, plus every Friday.
@ -234,7 +255,8 @@ and
.Tn ATT
seem to disagree about this.
.Pp
Lists and ranges are allowed to co-exist in the same field. "1-3,7-9" would
Lists and ranges are allowed to co-exist in the same field.
"1-3,7-9" would
be rejected by
.Tn ATT
or
@ -245,7 +267,8 @@ Ranges can include "steps", so "1-9/2" is the same as "1,3,5,7,9".
.Pp
Names of months or days of the week can be specified by name.
.Pp
Environment variables can be set in the crontab. In
Environment variables can be set in the crontab.
In
.Bx
or
.Tn ATT ,
@ -269,11 +292,13 @@ are extensions.
.Sh BUGS
If you're in one of the 70-odd countries that observe Daylight
Savings Time, jobs scheduled during the rollback or advance will be
affected. In general, it's not a good idea to schedule jobs during
affected.
In general, it's not a good idea to schedule jobs during
this period.
.Pp
For US timezones (except parts of IN, AZ, and HI) the time shift occurs at
2AM local time. For others, the output of the
2AM local time.
For others, the output of the
.Xr zdump 8
program's verbose
.Fl ( v )

14
usr.sbin/crunch/crunchide/crunchide.1
View file

@ -46,14 +46,16 @@ Some symbols may be left visible via the
.Fl k Ar keep-symbol
and
.Fl f Ar keep-list-file
options. The
options.
The
.Ar keep-list-file
must contain a list of symbols to keep visible, one symbol per line.
The names given by
.Ar keep-symbol
or in
.Ar keep-list-file
should be C names. For example,
should be C names.
For example,
to keep the C function
.Dq foo
visible, the option
@ -70,12 +72,14 @@ multiple component programs.
.Xr crunchgen 1 ,
.Xr ld 1
.Sh AUTHORS
.An -nosplit
The
.Nm crunch
utility was written by
.An James da Silva Aq jds@cs.umd.edu .
.Pp
Copyright (c) 1994 University of Maryland. All Rights Reserved.
Copyright (c) 1994 University of Maryland.
All Rights Reserved.
.Pp
.An Chris Demetriou Aq cgd@netbsd.org
reorganized
@ -83,4 +87,6 @@ reorganized
so that it supported multiple object formats, and added
ELF object support and ECOFF object recognition.
.Pp
Copyright (c) 1997 Christopher G. Demetriou. All Rights Reserved.
Copyright (c) 1997
.An Christopher G. Demetriou .
All Rights Reserved.

72
usr.sbin/ctm/ctm/ctm.1
View file

@ -42,21 +42,27 @@ The
utility is now meant to be the definitive way to make and apply a delta between
two versions of a directory tree.
.Pp
There are two parts to this, making the delta and applying it. These are two
There are two parts to this, making the delta and applying it.
These are two
entirely different things.
.Ss Usage
To apply a CTM delta, you pass it to the
.Nm
command. You can pass a CTM delta on stdin, or you can give the
filename as an argument. If you do the latter, you make life a lot
command.
You can pass a CTM delta on stdin, or you can give the
filename as an argument.
If you do the latter, you make life a lot
easier for your self, since the program can accept gzip'ed files and
since it will not have to make a temporary copy of your file. You can
since it will not have to make a temporary copy of your file.
You can
specify multiple deltas at one time, they will be processed one at a
time. Deltas that are already applied will be ignored.
time.
Deltas that are already applied will be ignored.
.Pp
The
.Nm
command runs in a number of passes. It will process the entire
command runs in a number of passes.
It will process the entire
input file in each pass, before commencing with the next pass.
.Pp
Before working on a file
@ -68,13 +74,16 @@ If this file exists,
.Nm
works on it instead.
.Pp
Pass 1 will verify that the input file is OK. The syntax, the data
and the global MD5 checksum will be checked. If any of these fail,
Pass 1 will verify that the input file is OK.
The syntax, the data
and the global MD5 checksum will be checked.
If any of these fail,
.Nm
will simply reject the input file.
.Pp
Pass 2 will validate that the directory tree is in the state expected by
the CTM delta. This is done by looking for files and directories which
the CTM delta.
This is done by looking for files and directories which
should/should not exist and by checking the MD5 checksums of files.
.Pp
If a
@ -86,7 +95,8 @@ option, all files that would be modified by this
invocation are backed up
to this file using the archiver command specified by the
.Fl t
option. The default archiver command is
option.
The default archiver command is
.Nm "tar -rf %s -T -" .
.Pp
Pass 3 will actually apply the delta.
@ -103,7 +113,8 @@ The
.Fl e
and
.Fl x
options are applied in order of appearance on the command line. The last
options are applied in order of appearance on the command line.
The last
filter that matched a given file name determines whether the file would be
operated on or left alone by
.Nm .
@ -111,7 +122,8 @@ operated on or left alone by
The
.Nm
utility
will extract the file hierarchy below its working directory. Absolute
will extract the file hierarchy below its working directory.
Absolute
filenames or filenames containing references through
.Sq Pa .\&
and
@ -137,10 +149,13 @@ Check it out, don't do anything.
.It Fl e Ar regular_expression
Match each name in the CTM file against
.Ar regular_expression ,
and if it matches process the file, otherwise leave it alone. There may be
any number of these options. Use of this option disables the
and if it matches process the file, otherwise leave it alone.
There may be
any number of these options.
Use of this option disables the
.Pa .ctm_status
sequence number checks. For example, the expression
sequence number checks.
For example, the expression
.Ic ^usr.sbin/ctm
for example, will select the
.Pa usr.sbin/ctm
@ -153,16 +168,19 @@ option.
Force.
.It Fl k
Keep files and directories and don't remove them even if the CTM file
specifies they are to be removed. If the
specifies they are to be removed.
If the
.Fl B
option is specified, these files and directories will not be backed up.
.It Fl l
List files that would be modified by this invocation of CTM and the
actions that would be performed on them. Use of the
actions that would be performed on them.
Use of the
.Fl l
option disables the
.Pa .ctm_status
checks and integrity checks on the source tree being operated on. The
checks and integrity checks on the source tree being operated on.
The
.Fl l
option can be combined with the
.Fl e
@ -179,7 +197,8 @@ instead of the default archiver
.Nm tar .
This option takes effect only if a backup file had been specified using the
.Fl B
option. A %s in the tar command will be replaced by the name of the backup
option.
A %s in the tar command will be replaced by the name of the backup
file.
.It Fl T Ar tmpdir
Put temporary files under
@ -196,8 +215,10 @@ is the level of verbosity.
.It Fl x Ar regular_expression
Match each name in the CTM file against
.Ar regular_expression
and if it matches, leave the file alone. There may be any number of these
options. Use of this option disables the
and if it matches, leave the file alone.
There may be any number of these
options.
Use of this option disables the
.Pa .ctm_status
sequence number checks.
.Pp
@ -247,7 +268,8 @@ The same effect may be achieved with the
flag.
.Sh FILES
.Pa .ctm_status
contains the sequence number of the last CTM delta applied. Changing
contains the sequence number of the last CTM delta applied.
Changing
or removing this file will greatly confuse
.Nm .
.Pp
@ -256,7 +278,8 @@ Using the
and
.Fl x
options can update a partial subset of the source tree and causes sources
to be in an inconsistent state. It is assumed that you know what you are
to be in an inconsistent state.
It is assumed that you know what you are
doing when you use these options.
.Sh EXAMPLES
.Bd -literal
@ -270,7 +293,8 @@ cd ~/lib-srcs
/usr/sbin/ctm -e '^lib' ~ctm/src-cur*
.Ed
.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
Numerous messages, hopefully self-explanatory. The
Numerous messages, hopefully self-explanatory.
The
.Dq noise level
can be adjusted with the
.Fl q ,

6
usr.sbin/ctm/ctm/ctm.5
View file

@ -23,7 +23,8 @@ The
.Nm
transfers data in a specific file format, called a CTM delta.
.Pp
CTM deltas consist of control lines and data chunks. Each control
CTM deltas consist of control lines and data chunks.
Each control
line starts with the letters
.Dq CTM ,
followed by a CTM statement and control data, and ends with a '\en'
@ -38,7 +39,8 @@ newline is not part of the chunk and isn't included in the count.
The CTM statements are as follows.
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It _BEGIN Ar version name number timestamp prefix
This is the overall begin of a CTM delta file. The
This is the overall begin of a CTM delta file.
The
.Ar version
field must match the program version
(currently 2.0).

72
usr.sbin/ctm/ctm_rmail/ctm_rmail.1
View file

@ -49,7 +49,8 @@ The
.Nm ctm_smail
utility is given a compressed
.Xr ctm
delta, and a mailing list to send it to. It splits the delta into manageable
delta, and a mailing list to send it to.
It splits the delta into manageable
pieces, encodes them as mail messages and sends them to the mailing list
(optionally queued to spread the mail load).
Each recipient uses
@ -59,7 +60,8 @@ optionally call
.Xr ctm
to apply it to the source tree.
At the moment,
several source trees are distributed, and by several sites. These include
several source trees are distributed, and by several sites.
These include
the
.Fx Ns -current
source and CVS trees, distributed by
@ -77,16 +79,22 @@ are time stamped and written to the file
.It Fl m Ar maxmsgsize
Limit the maximum size mail message that
.Nm ctm_smail
is allowed to send. It is approximate since mail headers and other niceties
are not counted in this limit. If not specified, it will default to 64000
is allowed to send.
It is approximate since mail headers and other niceties
are not counted in this limit.
If not specified, it will default to 64000
bytes, leaving room for 1535 bytes of headers before the rumoured 64k mail
limit.
.It Fl c Ar maxctmsize
Limit the maximum size delta that will be sent. Deltas bigger that this
Limit the maximum size delta that will be sent.
Deltas bigger that this
limit will cause an apology mail message to be sent to the mailing list.
This is to prevent massive changes overwhelming users' mail boxes. Note that
this is the size before encoding. Encoding causes a 4/3 size increase before
mail headers are added. If not specified, there is no limit.
This is to prevent massive changes overwhelming users' mail boxes.
Note that
this is the size before encoding.
Encoding causes a 4/3 size increase before
mail headers are added.
If not specified, there is no limit.
.It Fl q Ar queue-dir
Instead of mailing the delta pieces now, store them in the given directory
to be mailed later using
@ -115,7 +123,8 @@ are time stamped and written to the file
.It Fl n Ar numchunks
Limit the number of mail messages that
.Nm ctm_dequeue
will send per run. By default,
will send per run.
By default,
.Nm ctm_dequeue
will send one mail message per run.
.El
@ -125,7 +134,8 @@ is the directory containing the mail messages stored by
.Nm ctm_smail .
Up to
.Ar numchunks
mail messages will be sent in each run. The recipient mailing list is already
mail messages will be sent in each run.
The recipient mailing list is already
encoded in the queued files.
.Pp
It is safe to run
@ -135,7 +145,8 @@ while
is adding entries to the queue, or even to run
.Nm ctm_smail
multiple times concurrently, but a separate queue directory should be used
for each tree being distributed. This is because entries are served in
for each tree being distributed.
This is because entries are served in
alphabetical order, and one tree will be unfairly serviced before any others,
based on the delta names, not delta creation times.
.Pp
@ -149,8 +160,10 @@ error diagnostics and informational messages (other than command line errors)
are time stamped and written to the file
.Em log .
.It Fl p Ar piecedir
Collect pieces of deltas in this directory. Each piece corresponds to a
single mail message. Pieces are removed when complete deltas are built.
Collect pieces of deltas in this directory.
Each piece corresponds to a
single mail message.
Pieces are removed when complete deltas are built.
If this flag is not given, no input files will be read, but completed
deltas may still be applied with
.Xr ctm
@ -158,11 +171,14 @@ if the
.Fl b
flag is given.
.It Fl d Ar deltadir
Collect completed deltas in this directory. Deltas are built from one or
Collect completed deltas in this directory.
Deltas are built from one or
more pieces when all pieces are present.
.It Fl b Ar basedir
Apply any completed deltas to this source tree. If this flag is not given,
deltas will be stored, but not applied. The user may then apply the deltas
Apply any completed deltas to this source tree.
If this flag is not given,
deltas will be stored, but not applied.
The user may then apply the deltas
manually, or by using
.Nm ctm_rmail
without the
@ -217,7 +233,8 @@ Pass the
flag to the
.Xr ctm
command when applying the complete deltas, causing a more informative
output. All
output.
All
.Xr ctm
output appears in the
.Nm ctm_rmail
@ -226,7 +243,8 @@ log file.
.Pp
The file arguments (or
.Em stdin ,
if there are none) are scanned for delta pieces. Multiple delta pieces
if there are none) are scanned for delta pieces.
Multiple delta pieces
can be read from a single file, so an entire maildrop can be scanned
and processed with a single command.
.Pp
@ -235,7 +253,8 @@ It is safe to invoke
multiple times concurrently (with different input files),
as might happen when
.Xr sendmail
is delivering mail asynchronously. This is because locking is used to
is delivering mail asynchronously.
This is because locking is used to
keep things orderly.
.Sh FILE FORMAT
Following are the important parts of an actual (very small) delta piece:
@ -255,7 +274,8 @@ CTM_MAIL END 61065
The subject of the message always begins with
.Dq ctm-mail
followed by the name of the delta, which piece this is, and how many total
pieces there are. The data are bracketed by
pieces there are.
The data are bracketed by
.Dq CTM_MAIL BEGIN
and
.Dq CTM_MAIL END
@ -429,7 +449,8 @@ The
.Nm ctm_rmail
utility is expected to be called from a mail transfer program, and thus signals
failure only when the input mail message should be bounced (preferably into
your regular maildrop, not back to the sender). In short, failure to
your regular maildrop, not back to the sender).
In short, failure to
apply a completed delta with
.Xr ctm
is not considered an error important enough to bounce the mail, and
@ -471,14 +492,17 @@ will report:
ctm_rmail: message contains no delta
.Ed
.Pp
and return an exit status of 1. You can use this to redirect wayward messages
and return an exit status of 1.
You can use this to redirect wayward messages
back into your real mailbox if your mail filter goes wonky.
.Pp
These messages go to
.Em stderr
or to the log file. Messages from
or to the log file.
Messages from
.Xr ctm 1
turn up here too. Error messages should be self explanatory.
turn up here too.
Error messages should be self explanatory.
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr ctm 1 ,
.Xr ctm 5

5
usr.sbin/edquota/edquota.8
View file

@ -126,10 +126,11 @@ specified for each user specified.
This is the normal mechanism used to
initialize quotas for groups of users.
If the user given to assign quotas to is a numerical uid
range (e.g. 1000-2000), then
range (e.g.\& 1000-2000), then
.Nm
will duplicate the quotas of the prototypical user
for each uid in the range specified. This allows
for each uid in the range specified.
This allows
for easy setup of default quotas for a group of users.
The uids in question do not have to be currently assigned in
.Pa /etc/passwd .

4
usr.sbin/fdcontrol/fdcontrol.8
View file

@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ The sector interleave to be applied when formatting.
0 means no
interleave, 1 means 1:1 etc.
.It Ar offs2
The offset of the sector numbers on side 2 (i.e. head number 1).
The offset of the sector numbers on side 2 (i.e., head number 1).
Normally, sector numbering on both sides starts with 1.
.It Ar flags
A list from one of the following flag values:
@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ Use FM (single-density) encoding.
Use 2 steps per each cylinder (for accessing 40-cylinder media in
80-cylinder drives).
.It Cm -2step
Do not use 2 steps per cylinder, i.e. access each physical cylinder
Do not use 2 steps per cylinder, i.e., access each physical cylinder
of the drive.
.It Cm +perpend
Use perpendicular recording (for 2.88 MB media, currently not

33
usr.sbin/fdread/fdread.1
View file

@ -45,7 +45,8 @@
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
utility reads floppy disks. Effective read blocking based on the track
utility reads floppy disks.
Effective read blocking based on the track
size is performed, and floppy-specific error recovery of otherwise
bad blocks can be enabled.
.Pp
@ -53,7 +54,8 @@ The
.Nm
utility
will always read an entire floppy medium, and write its contents to
the respective output file. Unlike other tools like
the respective output file.
Unlike other tools like
.Xr dd 1 ,
.Nm
automatically uses a read block size that is more efficient than
@ -70,18 +72,22 @@ The
utility accepts the following options:
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It Fl q
Turn on quiet mode. By default, the medium parameters of the device
Turn on quiet mode.
By default, the medium parameters of the device
are being written to standard error output, progress will be indicated
by the approximate number of kilobytes read so far, and errors will be
printed out in detail, including the information about the location of
recovered data in the output. In quiet mode, none of these messages
recovered data in the output.
In quiet mode, none of these messages
will be generated.
.It Fl r
Enable error recovery. By default,
Enable error recovery.
By default,
.Nm
stops after the first unrecovered read error, much like
.Xr dd 1
does. In recovery mode, however, one of two recovery actions will be
does.
In recovery mode, however, one of two recovery actions will be
taken:
.Bl -bullet
.It
@ -109,7 +115,8 @@ The parameter
must be a valid floppy disk device.
.It Fl f Ar fillbyte
Value of the fill byte used for dummy blocks in the output file in
recovery mode. Defaults to
recovery mode.
Defaults to
.Ql 0xf0 .
(Mnemonic:
.Dq foo . )
@ -174,13 +181,16 @@ and
as well as the location of the error (physical cylinder, head, and sector
number, plus the
.Dq sector shift value ,
respectively). See the manual for the NE765 or compatible for details
respectively).
See the manual for the NE765 or compatible for details
about the status register contents.
.Pp
The FDC's status is then examined to determine whether the error is
deemed to be recoverable. If error recovery was requested, the
deemed to be recoverable.
If error recovery was requested, the
location of the bad block in the output file is indicated by its
(hexadecimal) bounds. Also, a summary line indicating the total number
(hexadecimal) bounds.
Also, a summary line indicating the total number
of transfer errors will be printed before exiting.
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr dd 1 ,
@ -206,7 +216,8 @@ Program and man page by
Concurrent traffic on the second floppy drive located at the same FDC
will make error recovery attempts pointless, since the FDC status
obtained after a read error occurred cannot be guaranteed to actually
belong to the erroneous transfer. Thus using option
belong to the erroneous transfer.
Thus using option
.Fl r
is only reliable if
.Ar device

6
usr.sbin/fdwrite/fdwrite.1
View file

@ -58,9 +58,11 @@ Don't ask for presence of a floppy disk in the drive.
This non-interactive flag
is useful for shell scripts.
.It Fl f Ar inputfile
Input file to read. If none is given, stdin is assumed.
Input file to read.
If none is given, stdin is assumed.
.It Fl d Ar device
The name of the floppy device to write to. Default is
The name of the floppy device to write to.
Default is
.Pa /dev/fd0 .
.El
.Pp

3
usr.sbin/i4b/dtmfdecode/dtmfdecode.1
View file

@ -48,7 +48,8 @@ It reads audio G.711 A-Law coded data from stdin and outputs the detected
numbers values as ASCII characters to stdout.
.Pp
The detector is implemented as 8 narrow band-pass filters realized with
an integer double-cross recursive algorithm. Various ad-hoc methods are
an integer double-cross recursive algorithm.
Various ad-hoc methods are
employed to provide hysteresis and anti-bounce for the detected signals.
.Sh EXAMPLES
The command:

7
usr.sbin/i4b/g711conv/g711conv.1
View file

@ -46,7 +46,8 @@ The
.Nm
utility
is part of the isdn4bsd package and is used to convert between the A-Law and
u-law formats as specified in ITU G.711. It is based on a freely available
u-law formats as specified in ITU G.711.
It is based on a freely available
and freely usable reference implementation done by Sun Microsystems, Inc.
.Pp
The following options are available:
@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ doing the actual conversion.
.Sh STANDARDS
A-Law and u-Law conversions are specified in ITU Recommendation G.711.
.Pp
The reference implementation done by Sun Microsystems, Inc. is available
The reference implementation done by Sun Microsystems, Inc.\& is available
from http://www.itu.int/itudoc/itu-t/rec/g/g700-799/refimpl.txt
.Sh EXAMPLES
The command:
@ -89,4 +90,4 @@ The
utility and this manpage were written by
.An Hellmuth Michaelis Aq hm@kts.org
based on the G.711 conversion reference code written by Sun Microsystems,
Inc. and code contributed to isdn4bsd by Stefan Bethke.
Inc.\& and code contributed to isdn4bsd by Stefan Bethke.

3
usr.sbin/i4b/isdnd/isdnd.acct.5
View file

@ -64,7 +64,8 @@ is the time the connection was established in the format
.Dl Day.Month.Year Hour:Minutes:seconds
.Pp
.Em UNTIL
is the time the connection was closed. The format is the same as
is the time the connection was closed.
The format is the same as
described for
.Em FROM
above.

12
usr.sbin/i4b/isdnd/isdnd.rates.5
View file

@ -38,7 +38,8 @@
The file
.Pa isdnd.rates
contains descriptions how long charging units last at a given time of day,
day of week and the distance to the destination. If this file is available,
day of week and the distance to the destination.
If this file is available,
this information may be used by the
.Xr isdnd 8
ISDN connection management daemon to calculate the short hold time for a
@ -69,9 +70,12 @@ start_hour.start_minutes-end_hour.end_minutes:charge_unit_length
.Ed
.Pp
Start_hour and start_minutes define the begin of a time section and end_hour
and end_minutes define the end. Charge_unit_length define the length of a
charging unit in the previously defined time section. No spaces or tabs are
allowed inside this field. The hour and minutes specifications MUST have
and end_minutes define the end.
Charge_unit_length define the length of a
charging unit in the previously defined time section.
No spaces or tabs are
allowed inside this field.
The hour and minutes specifications MUST have
exactly 2 digits, in case just one digit is needed, a leading 0 must be used.
.Pp
For example,

2
usr.sbin/i4b/isdnd/isdnd.rc.5
View file

@ -457,7 +457,7 @@ which is prepended to the string specified as a parameter to this keyword.
The programs specified by connect and disconnect will get the following
command line arguments: -d (device) -f (flag) [ -a (addr) ] where
.Em device
is the name of device, e.g. "isp0",
is the name of device, e.g.\& "isp0",
.Em flag
will be "up" if connection just got up, or "down" if interface changed to down
state and

6
usr.sbin/i4b/isdndebug/isdndebug.8
View file

@ -71,7 +71,8 @@ Set debugging mask for the selected layer(s) to display errors only.
.It Fl g
Get the debugging mask for the selected layer(s).
.It Fl l
Specify the layer for which a command applies. Default is all layers.
Specify the layer for which a command applies.
Default is all layers.
.It Fl m
Set debugging mask for the selected layer(s) to display all possible
debugging messages (maximum output).
@ -81,7 +82,8 @@ Display the Q.921 (D-channel layer 2) frame receive/transmit statistics.
Set debugging mask for the selected layer(s) to the compiled in default
(reset).
.It Fl s
Set debugging mask for the selected layer(s) to value. Value can be
Set debugging mask for the selected layer(s) to value.
Value can be
specified in any number base supported by
.Xr sscanf 3 .
.It Fl u

9
usr.sbin/i4b/isdndecode/isdndecode.8
View file

@ -74,9 +74,11 @@ Run
in analyzer mode by using two passive cards and a custom cable which can
be build as described in the file
.Em cable.txt
in the isdn4bsd source distribution. One card acts as a receiver for the
in the isdn4bsd source distribution.
One card acts as a receiver for the
transmitting direction on the S0 bus while the other card acts as a receiver
for the receiving direction on the S0 bus. Complete traffic monitoring is
for the receiving direction on the S0 bus.
Complete traffic monitoring is
possible using this setup.
.It Fl b
switch B channel tracing on (default off).
@ -126,7 +128,8 @@ When the USR1 signal is sent to a
process, the currently used logfiles are reopened, so that logfile
rotation becomes possible.
.Pp
The decode output should be obvious. It is very handy to have the following
The decode output should be obvious.
It is very handy to have the following
standard texts available when tracing ISDN protocols:
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width Ds -compact -offset indent

12
usr.sbin/i4b/isdnmonitor/isdnmonitor.8
View file

@ -53,17 +53,20 @@ devices supported by the isdn4bsd package.
The options are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Fl c
Switch to (curses-) fullscreen mode of operation. In this mode,
Switch to (curses-) fullscreen mode of operation.
In this mode,
.Nm
behaves nearly exactly as
.Xr isdnd 8
in fullscreen mode. In fullscreen mode, entering the control character
in fullscreen mode.
In fullscreen mode, entering the control character
.Em Control-L
causes the display to be refreshed and entering
.Em Carriage-Return
or
.Em Enter
will pop-up a command window. Because
will pop-up a command window.
Because
.Nm
will not listen to messages while the command window is active,
this command window will disappear automatically after 5 seconds without
@ -73,7 +76,8 @@ While the command window is active,
.Em Tab
or
.Em Space
advances to the next menu item. To execute a command, press
advances to the next menu item.
To execute a command, press
.Em Return
or
.Em Enter

16
usr.sbin/i4b/isdntel/isdntel.8
View file

@ -51,11 +51,14 @@ The following options are supported:
.It Fl a
Use
.Ar aliasfile
as the pathname for an aliasfile containing aliases for phone numbers. The
as the pathname for an aliasfile containing aliases for phone numbers.
The
default path is
.Em /etc/isdn/isdntel.alias .
The format of an alias entry is the number string followed by one or more
spaces or tabs. The rest of the line is taken as the alias string. Comments
spaces or tabs.
The rest of the line is taken as the alias string.
Comments
are introduced by a leading blank, tab or "#" character.
.It Fl d
Use
@ -72,9 +75,11 @@ The format of a voice message filename is:
Use
.Ar playcommand
as the command string to execute for playing a voice message to some audio
output facility. The characters
output facility.
The characters
.Em %s
are replaced by the currently selected filename. The default string is
are replaced by the currently selected filename.
The default string is
.Dq Li cat %s \&| alaw2ulaw >/dev/audio .
.It Fl t
The value for
@ -83,7 +88,8 @@ specifies the time in seconds the program rereads the spool directory
when there is no keyboard activity.
.El
.Pp
The screen output should be obvious. If in doubt, consult the source.
The screen output should be obvious.
If in doubt, consult the source.
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr i4btel 4 ,
.Xr isdnd.rc 5 ,

3
usr.sbin/i4b/isdntelctl/isdntelctl.8
View file

@ -56,7 +56,8 @@ Clear the telephone input queue.
.It Fl g
Get the sound format currently in use.
.It Fl u
Set the /dev/i4btel unit number. The default value is zero to access
Set the /dev/i4btel unit number.
The default value is zero to access
device /dev/i4btel0.
.It Fl A
Do A-law (ISDN line) -> u-law (userland) conversion.

3
usr.sbin/i4b/isdntest/isdntest.8
View file

@ -94,7 +94,8 @@ installed is connected to an S0 bus and that one of the valid MSN's (MSN = Multi
The
.Xr isdnd 8
.Em must
not currently running on that machine! Executing:
not currently running on that machine!
Executing:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
isdntest -i 42 -o 42
.Ed

20
usr.sbin/i4b/isdntrace/isdntrace.8
View file

@ -89,9 +89,11 @@ Run
in analyzer mode by using two passive cards and a custom cable which can
be build as described in the file
.Em cable.txt
in the isdn4bsd source distribution. One card acts as a receiver for the
in the isdn4bsd source distribution.
One card acts as a receiver for the
transmitting direction on the S0 bus while the other card acts as a receiver
for the receiving direction on the S0 bus. Complete traffic monitoring is
for the receiving direction on the S0 bus.
Complete traffic monitoring is
possible using this setup.
.It Fl b
switch B channel tracing on (default off).
@ -110,7 +112,8 @@ print layer 1 (I.430) INFO signals to monitor layer 1 activity (default off).
switch displaying of Layer 2 (Q.921) frames off (default on).
.It Fl n
This option takes a numeric argument specifying the minimum
frame size in octets a frame must have to be displayed. (default 0)
frame size in octets a frame must have to be displayed.
(default 0)
.It Fl o
switch off writing trace output to a file (default on).
.It Fl p
@ -133,7 +136,8 @@ Write undecoded binary trace data to a file for later or remote
analyzing (default off).
.It Fl F
This option can only be used when option -P (playback from binary data file)
is used. The -F option causes playback not to stop at end of file but rather
is used.
The -F option causes playback not to stop at end of file but rather
to wait for additional data to be available from the input file.
.Pp
This option is useful when trace data is accumulated in binary format (to
@ -156,7 +160,8 @@ When the USR1 signal is sent to a
process, the currently used logfiles are reopened, so that logfile
rotation becomes possible.
.Pp
The trace output should be obvious. It is very handy to have the following
The trace output should be obvious.
It is very handy to have the following
standard texts available when tracing ISDN protocols:
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width Ds -compact -offset indent
@ -167,7 +172,8 @@ ISDN D-channel layer 2 protocol description.
.It Ar Q.931
ISDN D-channel layer 3 protocol description.
.It Ar 1TR6
German-specific ISDN layer 3 protocol description. (NOTICE: decoding
German-specific ISDN layer 3 protocol description.
(NOTICE: decoding
of the 1TR6 protocol is included but not supported since i dont have
any longer access to a 1TR6 based ISDN installation.)
.El
@ -176,7 +182,7 @@ The
.Nm
utility
automatically detects the layer 3 protocol being used by looking at the
Protocol Discriminator (see: Q.931/1993 pp. 53).
Protocol Discriminator (see: Q.931/1993 pp.\& 53).
.Sh FILES
.Bl -tag -width daddeldi -compact
.It Pa /dev/i4btrc<n>

2
usr.sbin/i4b/man/itjc.4
View file

@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ driver provides D-channel layer 1 supports as specified in ITU Recommendation
I.430 and layer 1 support for the B-channel.
.Pp
The driver supports passive PCI ISDN cards based on the combination of
the Siemens/Infineon ISAC chip and the Tiger Jet Network Inc. Tiger 300/320
the Siemens/Infineon ISAC chip and the Tiger Jet Network Inc.\& Tiger 300/320
chip.
.Pp
Currently supported cards are the Traverse Technologies NETjet-S PCI ISDN

43
usr.sbin/inetd/inetd.8
View file

@ -60,7 +60,8 @@ utility should be run at boot time by
(see
.Xr rc 8 ) .
It then listens for connections on certain
internet sockets. When a connection is found on one
internet sockets.
When a connection is found on one
of its sockets, it decides what service the socket
corresponds to, and invokes a program to service the request.
The server program is invoked with the service socket
@ -69,7 +70,8 @@ After the program is
finished,
.Nm
continues to listen on the socket (except in some cases which
will be described below). Essentially,
will be described below).
Essentially,
.Nm
allows running one daemon to invoke several others,
reducing load on the system.
@ -152,10 +154,13 @@ file which, by default, is
.Pa /etc/inetd.conf .
There must be an entry for each field of the configuration
file, with entries for each field separated by a tab or
a space. Comments are denoted by a
a space.
Comments are denoted by a
.Dq #
at the beginning
of a line. There must be an entry for each field. The
of a line.
There must be an entry for each field.
The
fields of the configuration file are as follows:
.Pp
.Bd -unfilled -offset indent -compact
@ -409,13 +414,15 @@ In addition, you can specify the maximum number of simultaneous
invocations of each service from a single IP address by appending a
.Dq /
followed by the number to the maximum number of outstanding child
processes. Once the maximum is reached, further connections from this
processes.
Once the maximum is reached, further connections from this
IP address will be dropped.
.Pp
The
.Em user
entry should contain the user name of the user as whom the server
should run. This allows for servers to be given less permission
should run.
This allows for servers to be given less permission
than root.
Optional
.Em group
@ -437,7 +444,8 @@ The
entry should contain the pathname of the program which is to be
executed by
.Nm
when a request is found on its socket. If
when a request is found on its socket.
If
.Nm
provides this service internally, this entry should
be
@ -447,7 +455,8 @@ The
.Em server program arguments
should be just as arguments
normally are, starting with argv[0], which is the name of
the program. If the service is provided internally, the
the program.
If the service is provided internally, the
.Em service-name
of the service (and any arguments to it) or the word
.Dq internal
@ -544,7 +553,8 @@ The
utility also provides several other
.Dq trivial
services internally by use of
routines within itself. These services are
routines within itself.
These services are
.Dq echo ,
.Dq discard ,
.Dq chargen
@ -553,7 +563,8 @@ routines within itself. These services are
(human readable time), and
.Dq time
(machine readable time, in the form of the number of seconds since
midnight, January 1, 1900). All of these services are available in
midnight, January 1, 1900).
All of these services are available in
both TCP and UDP versions; the UDP versions will refuse service if the
request specifies a reply port corresponding to any internal service.
(This is done as a defense against looping attacks; the remote IP address
@ -659,12 +670,16 @@ services.
.Ss TCPMUX
.Tn RFC 1078
describes the TCPMUX protocol:
``A TCP client connects to a foreign host on TCP port 1. It sends the
service name followed by a carriage-return line-feed <CRLF>. The
service name is never case sensitive. The server replies with a
``A TCP client connects to a foreign host on TCP port 1.
It sends the
service name followed by a carriage-return line-feed <CRLF>.
The
service name is never case sensitive.
The server replies with a
single character indicating positive (+) or negative (\-)
acknowledgment, immediately followed by an optional message of
explanation, terminated with a <CRLF>. If the reply was positive,
explanation, terminated with a <CRLF>.
If the reply was positive,
the selected protocol begins; otherwise the connection is closed.''
The program is passed the TCP connection as file descriptors 0 and 1.
.Pp

6
usr.sbin/jail/jail.8
View file

@ -423,9 +423,11 @@ is set, the source IP addresses are enforced to comply
with the IP address bound to the jail, regardless of whether or not
the
.Dv IP_HDRINCL
flag has been set on the socket. Since raw sockets can be used to configure
flag has been set on the socket.
Since raw sockets can be used to configure
and interact with various network subsystems, extra caution should be used
where privileged access to jails is given out to untrusted parties. As such,
where privileged access to jails is given out to untrusted parties.
As such,
by default this option is disabled.
.It Va security.jail.getfsstatroot_only
This MIB entry determines whether or not processes within a jail are able

2
usr.sbin/kbdcontrol/kbdcontrol.1
View file

@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ which sets sound parameters back to normal values,
.Cm off
which disables the bell entirely, or
.Cm visual
which sets the bell to visual mode, i.e. flashes the screen instead.
which sets the bell to visual mode, i.e., flashes the screen instead.
If
.Ar belltype
is preceded by the word

6
usr.sbin/kgzip/kgzip.8
View file

@ -40,7 +40,8 @@
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
utility compresses a kernel or some other bootable binary. Operation
utility compresses a kernel or some other bootable binary.
Operation
is in two phases as follows:
.Bl -enum
.It
@ -49,7 +50,8 @@ the
.Sq text
and
.Sq data
segments. This image is compressed using
segments.
This image is compressed using
.Xr gzip 1
and output as data in relocatable object format.
.It

6
usr.sbin/lastlogin/lastlogin.8
View file

@ -45,14 +45,16 @@ The
.Nm
utility will list the last login session of each specified
.Ar user ,
or for all users by default. Each line of output contains
or for all users by default.
Each line of output contains
the user name, the tty from which the session was conducted, any
hostname, and the start time for the session.
.Pp
If more than one
.Ar user
is given, the session information for each user is printed in
the order given on the command line. Otherwise, information
the order given on the command line.
Otherwise, information
for all users is printed, sorted by uid.
.Pp
The

9
usr.sbin/lpr/chkprintcap/chkprintcap.8
View file

@ -64,7 +64,8 @@ capability).
The
.Nm
utility exits with a status equal to the number of errors encountered before
processing stopped. (In some cases, processing can stop before the
processing stopped.
(In some cases, processing can stop before the
entire file is scanned.)
.Pp
If the
@ -89,8 +90,10 @@ The
utility was written by
.An Garrett A. Wollman Aq wollman@lcs.mit.edu .
.Sh BUGS
Not enough sanity-checking is done. At a minimum, the ownership and
mode of the spool directories should also be checked. Other
Not enough sanity-checking is done.
At a minimum, the ownership and
mode of the spool directories should also be checked.
Other
parameters whose value could cause
.Xr lpd 8
to fail should be diagnosed.

9
usr.sbin/lpr/lp/lp.1
View file

@ -51,7 +51,8 @@ The
.Nm
utility is a front-end to the print spooler as required by the
.St -p1003.2
specification. It effectively invokes
specification.
It effectively invokes
.Xr lpr 1
with the proper set of arguments.
.Pp
@ -63,7 +64,8 @@ The following options are available:
Make the
.Nm
command exit only after further access to any of the input files is no
longer required. The application can then safely delete or modify the
longer required.
The application can then safely delete or modify the
files without affecting the output operation.
.It Fl d Ar dest
Specify a particular printer.
@ -112,6 +114,7 @@ command has been written by
.Sh BUGS
The
.St -p1003.2
specification does not provide any means to print non-text files. It
specification does not provide any means to print non-text files.
It
rather requires the files to be printed to be text files limited to
reasonable line lengths and printable characters.

72
usr.sbin/lpr/lpd/lpd.8
View file

@ -49,7 +49,8 @@ utility
is the line printer daemon (spool area handler) and is normally invoked
at boot time from the
.Xr rc 8
file. It makes a single pass through the
file.
It makes a single pass through the
.Xr printcap 5
file to find out about the existing printers and
prints any files left after a crash.
@ -59,7 +60,8 @@ and
.Xr accept 2
to receive requests to print files in the queue,
transfer files to the spooling area, display the queue,
or remove jobs from the queue. In each case, it forks a child to handle
or remove jobs from the queue.
In each case, it forks a child to handle
the request so the parent can continue to listen for more requests.
.Pp
Available options:
@ -169,33 +171,41 @@ for files beginning with
Lines in each
.Em cf
file specify files to be printed or non-printing actions to be
performed. Each such line begins with a key character
performed.
Each such line begins with a key character
to specify what to do with the remainder of the line.
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It J
Job Name. String to be used for the job name on the burst page.
Job Name.
String to be used for the job name on the burst page.
.It C
Classification. String to be used for the classification line
Classification.
String to be used for the classification line
on the burst page.
.It L
Literal. The line contains identification info from
Literal.
The line contains identification info from
the password file and causes the banner page to be printed.
.It T
Title. String to be used as the title for
Title.
String to be used as the title for
.Xr pr 1 .
.It H
Host Name. Name of the machine where
Host Name.
Name of the machine where
.Xr lpr 1
was invoked.
.It P
Person. Login name of the person who invoked
Person.
Login name of the person who invoked
.Xr lpr 1 .
This is used to verify ownership by
.Xr lprm 1 .
.It M
Send mail to the specified user when the current print job completes.
.It f
Formatted File. Name of a file to print which is already formatted.
Formatted File.
Name of a file to print which is already formatted.
.It l
Like ``f'' but passes control characters and does not make page breaks.
.It p
@ -203,19 +213,23 @@ Name of a file to print using
.Xr pr 1
as a filter.
.It t
Troff File. The file contains
Troff File.
The file contains
.Xr troff 1
output (cat phototypesetter commands).
.It n
Ditroff File. The file contains device independent troff
Ditroff File.
The file contains device independent troff
output.
.It r
DVI File. The file contains
DVI File.
The file contains
.Tn Tex l
output
DVI format from Stanford.
.It g
Graph File. The file contains data produced by
Graph File.
The file contains data produced by
.Xr plot 3 .
.It c
Cifplot File.
@ -227,29 +241,37 @@ The file contains a raster image.
The file contains text data with
FORTRAN carriage control characters.
.It \&1
Troff Font R. Name of the font file to use instead of the default.
Troff Font R.
Name of the font file to use instead of the default.
.It \&2
Troff Font I. Name of the font file to use instead of the default.
Troff Font I.
Name of the font file to use instead of the default.
.It \&3
Troff Font B. Name of the font file to use instead of the default.
Troff Font B.
Name of the font file to use instead of the default.
.It \&4
Troff Font S. Name of the font file to use instead of the default.
Troff Font S.
Name of the font file to use instead of the default.
.It W
Width.
Changes the page width (in characters) used by
.Xr pr 1
and the text filters.
.It I
Indent. The number of characters to indent the output by (in ASCII).
Indent.
The number of characters to indent the output by (in ASCII).
.It U
Unlink. Name of file to remove upon completion of printing.
Unlink.
Name of file to remove upon completion of printing.
.It N
File name. The name of the file which is being printed, or a blank
File name.
The name of the file which is being printed, or a blank
for the standard input (when
.Xr lpr 1
is invoked in a pipeline).
.It Z
Locale. String to be used as the locale for
Locale.
String to be used as the locale for
.Xr pr 1 .
.El
.Pp
@ -269,14 +291,16 @@ The
utility uses
.Xr flock 2
to provide exclusive access to the lock file and to prevent multiple
daemons from becoming active simultaneously. If the daemon should be killed
daemons from becoming active simultaneously.
If the daemon should be killed
or die unexpectedly, the lock file need not be removed.
The lock file is kept in a readable
.Tn ASCII
form
and contains two lines.
The first is the process id of the daemon and the second is the control
file name of the current job being printed. The second line is updated to
file name of the current job being printed.
The second line is updated to
reflect the current status of
.Nm
for the programs

11
usr.sbin/lpr/lpq/lpq.1
View file

@ -65,7 +65,8 @@ Specify a particular printer, otherwise the default
line printer is used (or the value of the
.Ev PRINTER
variable in the
environment). All other arguments supplied are interpreted as user
environment).
All other arguments supplied are interpreted as user
names or job numbers to filter out only those jobs of interest.
.It Fl l
Information about each of the files comprising the job entry
@ -76,7 +77,7 @@ Report on the local queues for all printers,
rather than just the specified printer.
.El
.Pp
For each job submitted (i.e. invocation of
For each job submitted (i.e., invocation of
.Xr lpr 1 )
.Nm
reports the user's name, current rank in the queue, the
@ -97,7 +98,7 @@ is indicated as ``(standard input)''.
.Pp
If
.Nm
warns that there is no daemon present (i.e. due to some malfunction),
warns that there is no daemon present (i.e., due to some malfunction),
the
.Xr lpc 8
command can be used to restart the printer daemon.
@ -136,5 +137,7 @@ may report unreliably.
Output formatting is sensitive to the line length of the terminal;
this can results in widely spaced columns.
.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
Unable to open various files. The lock file being malformed. Garbage
Unable to open various files.
The lock file being malformed.
Garbage
files when there is no daemon active, but files in the spooling directory.

20
usr.sbin/lpr/lpr/lpr.1
View file

@ -57,7 +57,8 @@
The
.Nm
utility uses a spooling daemon to print the named files when facilities
become available. If no names appear, the standard input is assumed.
become available.
If no names appear, the standard input is assumed.
.Pp
The following single letter options are used to notify the line printer
spooler that the files are not standard text files.
@ -118,7 +119,8 @@ These options apply to the handling of
the print job:
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It Fl P
Force output to a specific printer. Normally,
Force output to a specific printer.
Normally,
the default printer is used (site dependent), or the value of the
environment variable
.Ev PRINTER
@ -133,13 +135,15 @@ printing (with the
.Fl s
option).
.It Fl s
Use symbolic links. Usually files are copied to the spool directory.
Use symbolic links.
Usually files are copied to the spool directory.
The
.Fl s
option will use
.Xr symlink 2
to link data files rather than trying to copy them so large files can be
printed. This means the files should
printed.
This means the files should
not be modified or removed until they have been printed.
.El
.Pp
@ -148,12 +152,13 @@ The remaining options apply to copies, the page display, and headers:
.It Fl \&# Ns Ar num
The quantity
.Ar num
is the number of copies desired of each file named. For example,
is the number of copies desired of each file named.
For example,
.Bd -literal -offset indent
lpr \-#3 foo.c bar.c more.c
.Ed
would result in 3 copies of the file foo.c, followed by 3 copies
of the file bar.c, etc. On the other hand,
of the file bar.c, etc.\& On the other hand,
.Bd -literal -offset indent
cat foo.c bar.c more.c \&| lpr \-#3
.Ed
@ -177,7 +182,8 @@ file referencing
the font pathname.
.It Fl C Ar class
Job classification
to use on the burst page. For example,
to use on the burst page.
For example,
.Bd -literal -offset indent
lpr \-C EECS foo.c
.Ed

33
usr.sbin/lpr/lpr/printcap.5
View file

@ -47,11 +47,14 @@ function
is a simplified version of the
.Xr termcap 5
data base
used to describe line printers. The spooling system accesses the
used to describe line printers.
The spooling system accesses the
.Nm
file every time it is used, allowing dynamic
addition and deletion of printers. Each entry in the data base
is used to describe one printer. This data base may not be
addition and deletion of printers.
Each entry in the data base
is used to describe one printer.
This data base may not be
substituted for, as is possible for
.Xr termcap 5 ,
because it may allow accounting to be bypassed.
@ -60,7 +63,8 @@ The default printer is normally
.Em lp ,
though the environment variable
.Ev PRINTER
may be used to override this. Each spooling utility supports an option,
may be used to override this.
Each spooling utility supports an option,
.Fl P Ar printer ,
to allow explicit naming of a destination printer.
.Pp
@ -309,9 +313,12 @@ or
.Cm of .
If both are specified,
.Cm of
is ignored. Both filters behave the same except that they are passed
different arguments as above. Specifically, the output filter is
terminated and restarted for each file transmitted. This is necessary
is ignored.
Both filters behave the same except that they are passed
different arguments as above.
Specifically, the output filter is
terminated and restarted for each file transmitted.
This is necessary
in order to pass the resulting size to the remote
.Xr lpd 8 .
.Pp
@ -362,13 +369,16 @@ on the given
.Sh TRANSFER STATISTICS
When a print job is transfered to a remote machine (which might be
another unix box, or may be a network printer), it may be useful
to keep statistics on each transfer. The
to keep statistics on each transfer.
The
.Cm sr
and
.Cm ss
options indicate filenames that lpd should use to store such
statistics. A statistics line is written for each datafile of a
job as the file is successfully transferred. The format of the
statistics.
A statistics line is written for each datafile of a
job as the file is successfully transferred.
The format of the
line is the same for both the sending and receiving side of a
transfer.
.Pp
@ -381,7 +391,8 @@ print job as it arrived on the server.
Statistics on datafiles being sent might be used as a minimal
accounting record, when you want to know who sent which jobs to a
remote printer, when they were sent, and how large (in bytes) the
files were. This will not give include any idea of how many pages
files were.
This will not give include any idea of how many pages
were printed, because there is no standard way to get that information
back from a remote (network) printer in this case.
.Sh LOGGING

9
usr.sbin/lpr/lprm/lprm.1
View file

@ -68,13 +68,15 @@ If a single
is given,
.Nm
will remove all jobs which a user
owns. If the super-user employs this flag, the spool queue will
owns.
If the super-user employs this flag, the spool queue will
be emptied entirely.
.It Ar user
Cause
.Nm
to attempt to remove any jobs queued belonging to that user
(or users). This form of invoking
(or users).
This form of invoking
.Nm
is useful only to the super-user.
.It Ar job\ \&#
@ -106,7 +108,8 @@ there are no jobs in the queue which match the request list.
The
.Nm
utility will kill off an active daemon, if necessary, before removing
any spooling files. If a daemon is killed, a new one is
any spooling files.
If a daemon is killed, a new one is
automatically restarted upon completion of file removals.
.Sh ENVIRONMENT
If the following environment variable exists, it is utilized by

3
usr.sbin/lpr/pac/pac.8
View file

@ -67,7 +67,8 @@ is used.
Cause the output to be sorted by cost; usually the
output is sorted alphabetically by name.
.It Fl m
Cause the host name to be ignored in the accounting file. This
Cause the host name to be ignored in the accounting file.
This
allows for a user on multiple machines to have all of his printing
charges grouped together.
.It Fl p Ns Ar price

2
usr.sbin/lptcontrol/lptcontrol.8
View file

@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ Turn on polled mode.
.It Fl e
Turn on extended mode.
.It Fl s
Turn on standard mode, i.e. turn off extended mode.
Turn on standard mode, i.e., turn off extended mode.
.It Fl d Ar device
Set the mode of the printer device specified by
.Ar device .

2
usr.sbin/mailwrapper/mailwrapper.8
View file

@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ utility first appeared in
and then
.Fx 4.0 .
.Sh AUTHORS
Perry E. Metzger <perry@piermont.com>
.An Perry E. Metzger Aq perry@piermont.com
.Sh BUGS
The entire reason this program exists is a crock.
Instead, a command

10
usr.sbin/mergemaster/mergemaster.8
View file

@ -100,7 +100,8 @@ it is not recommended.
The
.Nm
utility checks your umask and issues a warning for anything
other than 022. While it is not mandatory to grant
other than 022.
While it is not mandatory to grant
world read permissions for most configuration files, you
may run into problems without them.
If you choose a
@ -294,7 +295,9 @@ comparison, use:
.Pp
The
.Nm
utility will . (source) these files if they exist.
utility will
.Ic .\&
(source) these files if they exist.
Command line options
will override rc file options.
.Pa $HOME/.mergemasterrc
@ -387,7 +390,8 @@ The
utility was first publicly available on one of my
web pages in a much simpler form under the name
.Pa comproot
on 13 March 1998. The idea for creating the
on 13 March 1998.
The idea for creating the
temporary root environment comes from Nik Clayton's
make world tutorial which is referenced above.
.Sh AUTHORS

12
usr.sbin/mixer/mixer.8
View file

@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ The
.Nm
utility is used to set and display soundcard mixer device levels.
It may
also be used to start and stop recording from the soundcard. The list
also be used to start and stop recording from the soundcard.
The list
of mixer devices that may be modified are:
.Pp
.Bd -ragged -offset indent
@ -93,11 +94,13 @@ To modify the mixer value
.Ar dev ,
the optional left and right channel settings of
.Ar lvol Ns Op : Ns Ar rvol
may be specified. The
may be specified.
The
.Ar lvol
and
.Ar rvol
arguments may be from 0 - 100. Omitting
arguments may be from 0 - 100.
Omitting
.Ar dev
and including only the channel settings will change the main volume level.
.Pp
@ -134,7 +137,8 @@ sets the recording device to
.Ar rdev
.El
.Pp
The above commands work on an internal mask. After all the options
The above commands work on an internal mask.
After all the options
have been parsed, it will set then read the mask from the sound card.
This will let you see EXACTLY what the soundcard is using for the
recording device(s).

4
usr.sbin/mlxcontrol/mlxcontrol.8
View file

@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ This command returns
2 if one or more are offline.
.It rescan
Rescan one or more controllers for non-attached system drives
(eg. drives that have been
(e.g.\& drives that have been
detached or created subsequent to driver initialisation).
If the
.Fl a
@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ If the
flag is supplied, detach all system drives from the nominated controller.
.It check
Initiate a consistency check and repair pass on a redundant system drive
(eg. RAID1 or RAID5).
(e.g.\& RAID1 or RAID5).
The controller will scan the system drive and repair any inconsistencies.
This command returns immediately;
use the

3
usr.sbin/mount_portalfs/mount_portalfs.8
View file

@ -121,7 +121,8 @@ The configuration file contains a list of rules.
Each rule takes one line and consists of two or more
whitespace separated fields.
A hash (``#'') character causes the remainder of a line to
be ignored. Blank lines are ignored.
be ignored.
Blank lines are ignored.
.Pp
The first field is a pathname prefix to match
against the requested pathname.

39
usr.sbin/moused/moused.8
View file

@ -171,7 +171,8 @@ Enable debugging messages.
Do not become a daemon and instead run as a foreground process.
Useful for testing and debugging.
.It Fl i Ar info
Print specified information and quit. Available pieces of
Print specified information and quit.
Available pieces of
information are:
.Pp
.Bl -tag -compact -width modelxxx
@ -193,11 +194,13 @@ if the driver supports the
.Ar sysmouse
data format standard.
.It Ar model
Mouse model. The
Mouse model.
The
.Nm
utility may not always be able to identify the model.
.It Ar all
All of the above items. Print port, interface, type and model in this order
All of the above items.
Print port, interface, type and model in this order
in one line.
.El
.Pp
@ -259,7 +262,8 @@ always choose
.Ar auto
or
.Ar ps/2 ,
regardless of the brand and model of the mouse. Likewise, if your
regardless of the brand and model of the mouse.
Likewise, if your
mouse is attached to the bus mouse port, choose
.Ar auto
or
@ -276,26 +280,32 @@ listed below.
For the serial mouse:
.Bl -tag -compact -width mousesystemsxxx
.It Ar microsoft
Microsoft serial mouse protocol. Most 2-button serial mice use this protocol.
Microsoft serial mouse protocol.
Most 2-button serial mice use this protocol.
.It Ar intellimouse
Microsoft IntelliMouse protocol. Genius NetMouse,
Microsoft IntelliMouse protocol.
Genius NetMouse,
.Tn ASCII
Mie Mouse,
Logitech MouseMan+ and FirstMouse+ use this protocol too.
Other mice with a roller/wheel may be compatible with this protocol.
.It Ar mousesystems
MouseSystems 5-byte protocol. 3-button mice may use this protocol.
MouseSystems 5-byte protocol.
3-button mice may use this protocol.
.It Ar mmseries
MM Series mouse protocol.
.It Ar logitech
Logitech mouse protocol. Note that this is for old Logitech models.
Logitech mouse protocol.
Note that this is for old Logitech models.
.Ar mouseman
or
.Ar intellimouse
should be specified for newer models.
.It Ar mouseman
Logitech MouseMan and TrackMan protocol. Some 3-button mice may be compatible
with this protocol. Note that MouseMan+ and FirstMouse+ use
Logitech MouseMan and TrackMan protocol.
Some 3-button mice may be compatible
with this protocol.
Note that MouseMan+ and FirstMouse+ use
.Ar intellimouse
protocol rather than this one.
.It Ar glidepoint
@ -406,7 +416,8 @@ The bus and InPort mice have either a D-Sub male 9-pin connector
or a round DIN 9-pin connector.
The PS/2 mouse is equipped with a small, round DIN 6-pin connector.
Some mice come with adapters with which the connector can
be converted to another. If you are to use such an adapter,
be converted to another.
If you are to use such an adapter,
remember the connector at the very end of the mouse/adapter pair is
what matters.
The USB mouse has a flat rectangular connector.
@ -418,7 +429,8 @@ the bus and InPort mice always use
and the PS/2 mouse is always at
.Pa /dev/psm0 .
There may be more than one serial port to which the serial
mouse can be attached. Many people often assign the first, built-in
mouse can be attached.
Many people often assign the first, built-in
serial port
.Pa /dev/cuaa0
to the mouse.
@ -440,7 +452,8 @@ Run the
.Nm
utility with the
.Fl i
option and see what it says. If the command can identify
option and see what it says.
If the command can identify
the protocol type, no further investigation is necessary on your part.
You may start the daemon without explicitly specifying a protocol type
(see

168
usr.sbin/mrouted/mrouted.8
View file

@ -42,9 +42,11 @@ routers that do not support IP multicasting,
includes support for
"tunnels", which are virtual point-to-point links between pairs of
multicast routers
located anywhere in an internet. IP multicast packets are encapsulated for
located anywhere in an internet.
IP multicast packets are encapsulated for
transmission through tunnels, so that they look like normal unicast datagrams
to intervening routers and subnets. The encapsulation
to intervening routers and subnets.
The encapsulation
is added on entry to a tunnel, and stripped off
on exit from a tunnel.
The packets are encapsulated using the IP-in-IP protocol
@ -59,7 +61,8 @@ The tunnelling mechanism allows
.Nm
to establish a virtual internet, for
the purpose of multicasting only, which is independent of the physical
internet, and which may span multiple Autonomous Systems. This capability
internet, and which may span multiple Autonomous Systems.
This capability
is intended for experimental support of internet multicasting only, pending
widespread support for multicast routing by the regular (unicast) routers.
The
@ -90,12 +93,14 @@ If no
.Fl d
option is given, or if the debug level is specified as 0,
.Nm
detaches from the invoking terminal. Otherwise, it remains attached to the
detaches from the invoking terminal.
Otherwise, it remains attached to the
invoking terminal and responsive to signals from that terminal.
Regardless of the debug level,
.Nm
always writes warning and error messages to the system
log daemon. The
log daemon.
The
.Fl debug-level
argument is a comma-separated list of any of the following:
.Bl -tag -width indent
@ -106,7 +111,8 @@ Display more information about prunes sent or received.
.It "routing"
Display more information about routing update packets sent or received.
.It "route_detail"
Display routing updates in excruciating detail. This is generally way too
Display routing updates in excruciating detail.
This is generally way too
much information.
.It "neighbors"
Display information about neighbor discovery.
@ -141,7 +147,8 @@ The
utility automatically configures itself to forward on all multicast-capable
interfaces, i.e., interfaces that have the IFF_MULTICAST flag set (excluding
the loopback "interface"), and it finds other DVMRP routers directly reachable
via those interfaces. To override the default configuration, or to add
via those interfaces.
To override the default configuration, or to add
tunnel links to other multicast routers,
configuration commands may be placed in
.Pa /etc/mrouted.conf
@ -157,26 +164,35 @@ overall operation or set defaults.
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It cache_lifetime Ar secs
Specifies, in seconds, the lifetime of a multicast forwarding cache
entry in the kernel. Multicast forwarding cache entries in the kernel
entry in the kernel.
Multicast forwarding cache entries in the kernel
are checked every
.Ar secs
seconds, and are refreshed if the source is still
active or deleted if not. Care should be taken when setting this value,
active or deleted if not.
Care should be taken when setting this value,
as a low value can keep the kernel cache small at the cost of "thrashing"
the cache for periodic senders, but high values can cause the kernel
cache to grow unacceptably large. The default is 300 seconds (5 minutes).
cache to grow unacceptably large.
The default is 300 seconds (5 minutes).
.It prune_lifetime Ar secs
Specifies, in seconds, the average lifetime of prunes that are sent towards
parents. The actual lifetimes will be randomized in the range
[.5\fIsecs\fP,1.5\fIsecs\fP]. The default is 7200 (2 hours). Smaller values
parents.
The actual lifetimes will be randomized in the range
[.5\fIsecs\fP,1.5\fIsecs\fP].
The default is 7200 (2 hours).
Smaller values
cause less state to be kept both at this router and the parent, at the
cost of more frequent broadcasts. However, some routers (e.g.\&
cost of more frequent broadcasts.
However, some routers (e.g.\&
.Nm
<3.3
and all currently known versions of cisco's IOS) do not use the
DVMRP generation ID to determine that a neighbor has rebooted. Prunes
DVMRP generation ID to determine that a neighbor has rebooted.
Prunes
sent towards these neighbors should be kept short, in order to shorten
the time to recover from a reboot. For use in this situation, the
the time to recover from a reboot.
For use in this situation, the
prune_lifetime keyword may be specified on an interface as described
below.
.It noflood
@ -187,9 +203,11 @@ uses a DVMRP optimization to prevent having to keep individual routing tables
for each neighbor; part of this optimization is that
.Nm
assumes that it is the forwarder for each of its attached subnets on
startup. This can cause duplicates for a short period (approximately
startup.
This can cause duplicates for a short period (approximately
one full route report interval), since both the router that just
started up and the proper forwarder will be forwarding traffic. This
started up and the proper forwarder will be forwarding traffic.
This
behavior can be turned off with the noflood keyword;
.Nm
will not assume that it is the forwarder on startup.
@ -198,7 +216,8 @@ last approximately one full route report interval.
The noflood keyword can also be specified on individual interfaces.
.It rexmit_prunes Ar [on|off]
Default is to retransmit prunes on all point-to-point interfaces
(including tunnels) but no multi-access interfaces. This option
(including tunnels) but no multi-access interfaces.
This option
may be used to make the default on (or off) for all interfaces.
The rexmit_prunes keyword can also be specified on individual interfaces.
.It name Ar "boundary-name scoped-addr/mask-len"
@ -215,26 +234,30 @@ be empty, describes options that apply to physical interfaces.
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It phyint Ar "local-addr|ifname"
The phyint command does nothing by itself; it is simply a place holder
which interface-specific commands may follow. An interface address or
which interface-specific commands may follow.
An interface address or
name may be specified.
.It disable
Disables multicast forwarding on this interface. By default,
Disables multicast forwarding on this interface.
By default,
.Nm
discovers all locally attached multicast capable interfaces and forwards
on all of them.
.It netmask Ar netmask
If the kernel's netmask does not accurately reflect
the subnet (e.g. you're using proxy-ARP in lieu of IP subnetting), use the
the subnet (e.g.\& you're using proxy-ARP in lieu of IP subnetting), use the
netmask command to describe the real netmask.
.It altnet Ar network/mask-len
If a phyint is attached to multiple IP subnets, describe each additional subnet
with the altnet keyword. This command may be specified multiple times
with the altnet keyword.
This command may be specified multiple times
to describe multiple subnets.
.It igmpv1
If there are any IGMPv1 routers on the phyint, use the \fBigmpv1\fP
keyword to force
.Nm
into IGMPv1 mode. All routers on the phyint
into IGMPv1 mode.
All routers on the phyint
must use the same version of IGMP.
.It force_leaf
Force
@ -268,11 +291,13 @@ A tunnel must be configured on both routers before it can be used.
Be careful that the unicast route to the remote address goes out the
interface specified by the
.Ar "local-addr|ifname"
argument. Some UNIX
argument.
Some UNIX
kernels rewrite the source address of
.Nm Ns 's
packets on their way out to contain the address of the transmission
interface. This is best assured via a static host route.
interface.
This is best assured via a static host route.
.El
.Pp
The common vif commands described below
@ -281,19 +306,25 @@ may all be used on tunnels or phyints.
.It metric Ar m
The metric is the "cost" associated with receiving a datagram on the given
interface or tunnel; it may be used to influence the choice of routes.
The metric defaults to 1. Metrics should be kept as small as possible,
The metric defaults to 1.
Metrics should be kept as small as possible,
because DVMRP cannot route along paths with a sum of metrics greater
than 31.
.It advert_metric Ar m
The advert_metric is the "cost" associated with sending a datagram
on the given interface or tunnel; it may be used to influence the choice
of routes. The advert_metric defaults to 0. Note that the effective
of routes.
The advert_metric defaults to 0.
Note that the effective
metric of a link is one end's metric plus the other end's advert_metric.
.It threshold Ar t
The threshold is the minimum IP time-to-live required for a multicast datagram
to be forwarded to the given interface or tunnel. It is used to control the
scope of multicast datagrams. (The TTL of forwarded packets is only compared
to the threshold, it is not decremented by the threshold. Every multicast
to be forwarded to the given interface or tunnel.
It is used to control the
scope of multicast datagrams.
(The TTL of forwarded packets is only compared
to the threshold, it is not decremented by the threshold.
Every multicast
router decrements the TTL by exactly 1.) The default threshold is 1.
.Pp
In general, all multicast routers
@ -302,21 +333,26 @@ use the same metric and threshold for that subnet or tunnel.
.It rate_limit Ar r
The rate_limit option allows the network administrator to specify a
certain bandwidth in Kbits/second which would be allocated to multicast
traffic. It defaults 0 (unlimited).
traffic.
It defaults 0 (unlimited).
.It boundary Ar "boundary-name|scoped-addr/mask-len"
The boundary option allows an interface
to be configured as an administrative boundary for the specified
scoped address.
Packets belonging to this address will not
be forwarded on a scoped interface. The boundary option accepts either
a name or a boundary spec. This command may be specified several times
be forwarded on a scoped interface.
The boundary option accepts either
a name or a boundary spec.
This command may be specified several times
on an interface in order to describe multiple boundaries.
.It passive
No packets will be sent on this link or tunnel until we hear from the other
end. This is useful for the "server" end of a tunnel that goes over
end.
This is useful for the "server" end of a tunnel that goes over
a dial-on-demand link; configure the "server" end as passive and
it will not send its periodic probes until it hears one from the other
side, so will not keep the link up. If this option is specified on both
side, so will not keep the link up.
If this option is specified on both
ends of a tunnel, the tunnel will never come up.
.It noflood
As described above, but only applicable to this interface/tunnel.
@ -331,18 +367,21 @@ multi-access links.
By default,
.Nm
refuses to peer with DVMRP neighbors that
do not claim to support pruning. This option allows such peerings
do not claim to support pruning.
This option allows such peerings
on this interface.
.It notransit
A specialized case of route filtering; no route learned from an interface
marked "notransit" will be advertised on another interface marked
"notransit". Marking only a single interface "notransit" has no meaning.
"notransit".
Marking only a single interface "notransit" has no meaning.
.It accept|deny Ar "(route/mask-len [exact])+" Op bidir
The
.Li accept
and
.Li deny
commands allow rudimentary route filtering. The
commands allow rudimentary route filtering.
The
.Li accept
command causes
.Nm
@ -361,14 +400,17 @@ The list of routes follows the
.Li accept
or
.Li deny
keyword. If the keyword
keyword.
If the keyword
.Ar exact
follows a route, then only that route is matched; otherwise, that route
and any more specific route is matched. For example,
and any more specific route is matched.
For example,
.Li deny 0/0
denys all routes, while
.Li deny 0/0 exact
denys only the default route. The default route may also be specified
denys only the default route.
The default route may also be specified
with the
.Li default
keyword.
@ -376,13 +418,15 @@ keyword.
The
.Ar bidir
keyword enables bidirectional route filtering; the filter will be applied
to routes on both output and input. Without the
to routes on both output and input.
Without the
.Ar bidir
keyword,
.Li accept
and
.Li deny
filters are only applied on input. Poison reverse routes are never
filters are only applied on input.
Poison reverse routes are never
filtered out.
.El
.Pp
@ -390,11 +434,12 @@ The
.Nm
utility will not initiate execution if it has fewer than two enabled vifs,
where a vif (virtual interface) is either a physical multicast-capable
interface or a tunnel. It will log a warning if all of its vifs are
interface or a tunnel.
It will log a warning if all of its vifs are
tunnels; such an
.Nm
configuration would be better replaced by more
direct tunnels (i.e. eliminate the middle man).
direct tunnels (i.e., eliminate the middle man).
.Sh "EXAMPLE CONFIGURATION"
This is an example configuration for a mythical multicast router at a big
school.
@ -503,8 +548,11 @@ Multicast Routing Table (1136 entries)
.Ed
.Pp
In this example, there are four vifs connecting to two subnets and two
tunnels. The vif 3 tunnel is not in use (no peer address). The vif 0 and
vif 1 subnets have some groups present; tunnels never have any groups. This
tunnels.
The vif 3 tunnel is not in use (no peer address).
The vif 0 and
vif 1 subnets have some groups present; tunnels never have any groups.
This
instance of
.Nm
is the one responsible for sending periodic group
@ -512,14 +560,16 @@ membership queries on the vif 0 and vif 1 subnets, as indicated by the
"querier" flags.
The list of boundaries indicate the scoped addresses on that
interface.
A count of the no. of incoming and outgoing packets is also
A count of the no.
of incoming and outgoing packets is also
shown at each interface.
.Pp
Associated with each subnet from which a multicast datagram can originate
is the address of the previous hop router (unless the subnet is directly-
connected), the metric of the path back to the origin, the amount of time
since we last received an update for this subnet, the incoming vif for
multicasts from that origin, and a list of outgoing vifs. "*" means that
multicasts from that origin, and a list of outgoing vifs.
"*" means that
the outgoing vif is connected to a leaf of the broadcast tree rooted at the
origin, and a multicast datagram from that origin will be forwarded on that
outgoing vif only if there are members of the destination group on that leaf.
@ -551,17 +601,21 @@ Each entry is characterized by the origin subnet number and mask and the
destination multicast group.
.Pp
The 'CTmr' field indicates the lifetime
of the entry. The entry is deleted from the cache table
of the entry.
The entry is deleted from the cache table
(or refreshed, if traffic is flowing)
when the timer decrements to zero. The 'Age' field is the time since
this cache entry was originally created. Since cache entries get refreshed
when the timer decrements to zero.
The 'Age' field is the time since
this cache entry was originally created.
Since cache entries get refreshed
if traffic is flowing, routing entries can grow very old.
.Pp
The 'Ptmr' field is simply a dash if no prune was sent upstream, or the
amount of time until the upstream prune will time out.
.Pp
The 'Ivif' field indicates the
incoming vif for multicast packets from that origin. Each router also
incoming vif for multicast packets from that origin.
Each router also
maintains a record of the number of prunes received from neighboring
routers for a particular source and group.
If there are no members of
@ -578,11 +632,12 @@ that interface.
An unlisted interface is a leaf subnet with no
members of the particular group on that subnet.
A "b" on an interface
indicates that it is a boundary interface, i.e. traffic will not be
indicates that it is a boundary interface, i.e., traffic will not be
forwarded on the scoped address on that interface.
.Pp
An additional line with a ">" as the first character is printed for
each source on the subnet. Note that there can be many sources in
each source on the subnet.
Note that there can be many sources in
one subnet.
An additional line with a "<" as the first character is printed
describing any prunes received from downstream dependent neighbors
@ -600,7 +655,8 @@ for this subnet and group.
.Xr mtrace 8
.Pp
DVMRP is described, along with other multicast routing algorithms, in the
paper "Multicast Routing in Internetworks and Extended LANs" by S. Deering,
paper "Multicast Routing in Internetworks and Extended LANs" by
.An S. Deering ,
in the Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM '88 Conference.
.Sh AUTHORS
.An Steve Deering ,

135
usr.sbin/mrouted/mtrace.8
View file

@ -67,7 +67,8 @@ can be difficult.
The
.Nm
utility utilizes a tracing feature implemented in multicast routers that is
accessed via an extension to the IGMP protocol. A trace query is
accessed via an extension to the IGMP protocol.
A trace query is
passed hop-by-hop along the reverse path from the
.Ar receiver
to the
@ -77,15 +78,18 @@ along the path, and then the response is returned to the requestor.
.Pp
The only required parameter is the
.Ar source
host name or address. The default
host name or address.
The default
.Ar receiver
is the host running mtrace, and the default
.Ar group
is 0.0.0.0, which is sufficient if packet loss
statistics for a particular multicast group are not needed. These two
statistics for a particular multicast group are not needed.
These two
optional parameters may be specified to test the path to some other
receiver in a particular group, subject to some constraints as
detailed below. The two parameters can be distinguished because the
detailed below.
The two parameters can be distinguished because the
.Ar receiver
is a unicast address and the
.Ar group
@ -97,7 +101,8 @@ flag is specified, the source address defaults to the host running
and the receiver defaults to the router being addressed with
the
.Fl g
flag. In this case, there are no required parameters.
flag.
In this case, there are no required parameters.
.Pp
NOTE: For Solaris 2.4/2.5, if the multicast interface is not the default
interface, the
@ -127,7 +132,8 @@ unicast packet and
.Nm mrouted
has no route for the
.Ar source
address. Therefore, do not use the
address.
Therefore, do not use the
.Fl g
option unless the target
.Nm mrouted
@ -170,11 +176,13 @@ multicast traceroutes with IP options, so it may be necessary to use the
flag if the last-hop router is a Cisco.
.It Fl p
Listen passively for multicast responses from traces initiated by
others. This works best when run on a multicast router.
others.
This works best when run on a multicast router.
.It Fl P
Loop indefinitely collecting the path every 10 seconds (see
.Fl S Ar stat_int )
and printing it when it changes. Do not print any statistics.
and printing it when it changes.
Do not print any statistics.
.It Fl r Ar host
Send the trace response to
.Ar host
@ -193,7 +201,8 @@ seconds (default 10 seconds).
Set the
.Ar ttl
(time-to-live, or number of hops) for multicast trace queries and
responses. The default is 127, except for local queries to the "all
responses.
The default is 127, except for local queries to the "all
routers" multicast group which use ttl 1.
.It Fl T
"Tunnel statistics" mode; show loss rates for overall traffic.
@ -228,7 +237,8 @@ to the
A trace query packet is sent to the last
hop multicast router (the leaf router for the desired
.Ar receiver
address). The last hop router builds a trace response packet, fills in
address).
The last hop router builds a trace response packet, fills in
a report for its hop, and forwards the trace packet using unicast to
the router it believes is the previous hop for packets originating
from the specified
@ -241,9 +251,11 @@ the trace query.
.Pp
If some multicast router along the path does not implement the
multicast traceroute feature or if there is some outage, then no
response will be returned. To solve this problem, the trace query
response will be returned.
To solve this problem, the trace query
includes a maximum hop count field to limit the number of hops traced
before the response is returned. That allows a partial path to be
before the response is returned.
That allows a partial path to be
traced.
.Pp
The reports inserted by each router contain not only the address of
@ -264,12 +276,15 @@ to the
.Ar receiver .
If the receiver is on the local subnet (as determined using the subnet
mask), then the default method is to multicast the trace query to
all-routers.mcast.net (224.0.0.2) with a ttl of 1. Otherwise, the
all-routers.mcast.net (224.0.0.2) with a ttl of 1.
Otherwise, the
trace query is multicast to the
.Ar group
address since the last hop router will be a member of that group if
the receiver is. Therefore it is necessary to specify a group that
the intended receiver has joined. This multicast is sent with a
the receiver is.
Therefore it is necessary to specify a group that
the intended receiver has joined.
This multicast is sent with a
default ttl of 127, which may not be sufficient for all cases (changed
with the
.Fl t
@ -277,7 +292,8 @@ option).
If the last hop router is known, it may also be addressed directly
using the
.Fl g
option). Alternatively, if it is desired to trace a group that the
option).
Alternatively, if it is desired to trace a group that the
receiver has not joined, but it is known that the last-hop router is a
member of another group, the
.Fl g
@ -295,21 +311,26 @@ By default,
first attempts to trace the full reverse path, unless the number of
hops to trace is explicitly set with the
.Fl m
option. If there is no response within a 3 second timeout interval
option.
If there is no response within a 3 second timeout interval
(changed with the
.Fl w
option), a "*" is printed and the probing switches to hop-by-hop mode.
Trace queries are issued starting with a maximum hop count of one and
increasing by one until the full path is traced or no response is
received. At each hop, multiple probes are sent (default is three,
received.
At each hop, multiple probes are sent (default is three,
changed with
.Fl q
option). The first half of the attempts (default is two) are made with
option).
The first half of the attempts (default is two) are made with
the reply address set to standard multicast address, mtrace.mcast.net
(224.0.1.32) with the ttl set to 32 more than what's needed to pass the
thresholds seen so far along the path to the receiver. For each
thresholds seen so far along the path to the receiver.
For each
additional attempt, the ttl is increased by another 32 each time up to
a maximum of 192. Since the desired router may not be able to send a
a maximum of 192.
Since the desired router may not be able to send a
multicast reply, the remainder of the attempts request that the
response be sent via unicast to the host running
.Nm .
@ -324,8 +345,10 @@ instead with the
option, or if you specify
.Fl UM ,
.Nm
will first attempt using unicast and then multicast. For each attempt,
if no response is received within the timeout, a "*" is printed. After
will first attempt using unicast and then multicast.
For each attempt,
if no response is received within the timeout, a "*" is printed.
After
the specified number of attempts have failed,
.Nm
will try to query the next hop router with a DVMRP_ASK_NEIGHBORS2
@ -342,7 +365,8 @@ forwarding the request on.
.Sh EXAMPLES
The output of
.Nm
is in two sections. The first section is a short listing of the hops
is in two sections.
The first section is a short listing of the hops
in the order they are queried, that is, in the reverse of the order
from the
.Ar source
@ -353,11 +377,13 @@ negatively to indicate that this is the reverse path); the multicast
routing protocol (DVMRP, MOSPF, PIM, etc.); the threshold required to
forward data (to the previous hop in the listing as indicated by the
up-arrow character); and the cumulative delay for the query to reach
that hop (valid only if the clocks are synchronized). This first
that hop (valid only if the clocks are synchronized).
This first
section ends with a line showing the round-trip time which measures
the interval from when the query is issued until the response is
received, both derived from the local system clock, and the total
ttl required for a packet to travel along this path. A sample use and
ttl required for a packet to travel along this path.
A sample use and
output might be:
.Pp
.Bd -literal
@ -377,7 +403,8 @@ Round trip time 124 ms; total ttl of 6 required.
If a hop reports that it is using the default route to forward packets,
the word
.Em [default]
is printed after that hop. If the
is printed after that hop.
If the
.Fl v
flag is supplied, the route being used to forward packets is printed
in the form
@ -385,7 +412,8 @@ in the form
.Pp
The second section provides a pictorial view of the path in the
forward direction with data flow indicated by arrows pointing downward
and the query path indicated by arrows pointing upward. For each hop,
and the query path indicated by arrows pointing upward.
For each hop,
both the entry and exit addresses of the router are shown if
different, along with the initial ttl required on the packet in order
to be forwarded at this hop and the propagation delay across the hop
@ -395,11 +423,14 @@ The first column contains the average packet rate for all traffic at
each hop.
The remaining columns are the
number of packets lost, the number of packets sent, the percentage
lost, and the average packet rate at each hop. These statistics are
lost, and the average packet rate at each hop.
These statistics are
calculated from differences between traces and from hop to hop as
explained above. The first group shows the statistics for all traffic
explained above.
The first group shows the statistics for all traffic
flowing out the interface at one hop and in the interface at the next
hop. The second group shows the statistics only for traffic forwarded
hop.
The second group shows the statistics only for traffic forwarded
from the specified
.Ar source
to the specified
@ -407,20 +438,26 @@ to the specified
The first group of statistics may be expanded to include loss rates
using the
.Fl T
option. However, these numbers can be extremely misleading and require
option.
However, these numbers can be extremely misleading and require
detailed knowledge of the routers involved to be interpreted properly.
.Pp
These statistics are shown on one or two lines for each hop. Without
These statistics are shown on one or two lines for each hop.
Without
any options, this second section of the output is printed only once,
approximately 10 seconds after the initial trace. One line is shown
for each hop showing the statistics over that 10-second period. If
approximately 10 seconds after the initial trace.
One line is shown
for each hop showing the statistics over that 10-second period.
If
the
.Fl l
option is given, the second section is repeated every 10 seconds and
two lines are shown for each hop. The first line shows the statistics
two lines are shown for each hop.
The first line shows the statistics
for the last 10 seconds, and the second line shows the cumulative
statistics over the period since the initial trace, which is 101
seconds in the example below. The second section of the output is
seconds in the example below.
The second section of the output is
omitted if the
.Fl s
option is set or if no multicast group is specified.
@ -458,39 +495,47 @@ Waiting to accumulate statistics... Results after 101 seconds:
.Pp
Because the packet counts may be changing as the trace query is
propagating, there may be small errors (off by 1 or 2) in these
statistics. However, those errors should not accumulate, so the
statistics.
However, those errors should not accumulate, so the
cumulative statistics line should increase in accuracy as a new trace
is run every 10 seconds. There are two sources of larger errors, both
is run every 10 seconds.
There are two sources of larger errors, both
of which show up as negative losses:
.Pp
If the input to a node is from a multi-access network with more than
one other node attached, then the input count will be (close to) the
sum of the output counts from all the attached nodes, but the output
count from the previous hop on the traced path will be only part of
that. Hence the output count minus the input count will be negative.
that.
Hence the output count minus the input count will be negative.
.Pp
In release 3.3 of the DVMRP multicast forwarding software for SunOS
and other systems, a multicast packet generated on a router will be
counted as having come in an interface even though it did not. This
counted as having come in an interface even though it did not.
This
creates the negative loss that can be seen in the example above.
.Pp
Note that these negative losses may mask positive losses.
.Pp
In the example, there is also one negative hop time. This simply
In the example, there is also one negative hop time.
This simply
indicates a lack of synchronization between the system clocks across
that hop. This example also illustrates how the percentage loss is
that hop.
This example also illustrates how the percentage loss is
shown as two dashes when the number of packets sent is less than 10
because the percentage would not be statistically valid.
.Pp
A second example shows a trace to a receiver that is not local; the
query is sent to the last-hop router with the
.Fl g
option. In this example, the trace of the full reverse path resulted
option.
In this example, the trace of the full reverse path resulted
in no response because there was a node running an old version of
.Nm mrouted
that did not implement the multicast traceroute function, so
.Nm
switched to hop-by-hop mode. The
switched to hop-by-hop mode.
The
.Dq Output pruned
error code
indicates that traffic for group 224.2.143.24 would not be forwarded.

3
usr.sbin/mtest/mtest.8
View file

@ -15,7 +15,8 @@ The
.Nm
utility
is a small program for testing the multicast membership socket operations
and ioctls. It accepts the following commands, interactively:
and ioctls.
It accepts the following commands, interactively:
.Bl -tag -width "a ifname e.e.e.e.e.e" -compact -offset indent
.It Ic j Ar g.g.g.g Ar i.i.i.i
Join the IP group address

20
usr.sbin/mtree/mtree.8
View file

@ -77,7 +77,8 @@ The options are as follows:
Follow all symbolic links in the file hierarchy.
.It Fl P
Don't follow symbolic links in the file hierarchy, instead consider
the symbolic link itself in any comparisons. This is the default.
the symbolic link itself in any comparisons.
This is the default.
.It Fl U
Modify the owner, group, permissions, and modification time of existing
files to match the specification and create any missing directories or
@ -101,13 +102,15 @@ This does not affect either the /set statements or the comment before each
directory.
It does however affect the comment before the close of each directory.
.It Fl n
Do not emit pathname comments when creating a specification. Normally
Do not emit pathname comments when creating a specification.
Normally
a comment is emitted before each directory and before the close of that
directory when using the
.Fl c
option.
.It Fl q
Quiet mode. Do not complain when a
Quiet mode.
Do not complain when a
.Dq missing
directory cannot be created because it already exists.
This occurs when the directory is a symbolic link.
@ -164,13 +167,14 @@ If the pattern contains a
.Ql \&/
character, it will be matched against entire pathnames (relative to
the starting directory); otherwise,
it will be matched against basenames only. No comments are allowed in
it will be matched against basenames only.
No comments are allowed in
the
.Ar exclude-list
file.
.El
.Pp
Specifications are mostly composed of ``keywords'', i.e. strings
Specifications are mostly composed of ``keywords'', i.e., strings
that specify values relating to files.
No keywords have default values, and if a keyword has no value set, no
checks based on it are performed.
@ -183,9 +187,11 @@ the
.Xr cksum 1
utility.
.It Cm flags
The file flags as a symbolic name. See
The file flags as a symbolic name.
See
.Xr chflags 1
for information on these names. If no flags are to be set the string
for information on these names.
If no flags are to be set the string
.Dq none
may be used to override the current default.
.It Cm ignore

18
usr.sbin/newsyslog/newsyslog.8
View file

@ -35,7 +35,8 @@ The
.Nm
utility should be scheduled to run periodically by
.Xr cron 8 .
When it is executed it archives log files if necessary. If a log file
When it is executed it archives log files if necessary.
If a log file
is determined to require archiving,
.Nm
rearranges the files so that
@ -47,7 +48,8 @@ the last period's logs in it,
.Dq Va logfile Ns Li \&.1
has the next to last
period's logs in it, and so on, up to a user-specified number of
archived logs. Optionally the archived logs can be compressed to save
archived logs.
Optionally the archived logs can be compressed to save
space.
.Pp
A log can be archived for three reasons:
@ -100,7 +102,8 @@ is run.
.It Fl v
Place
.Nm
in verbose mode. In this mode it will print out each log and its
in verbose mode.
In this mode it will print out each log and its
reasons for either trimming that log or skipping it.
.It Fl n
Cause
@ -110,7 +113,8 @@ were not specified.
.It Fl r
Remove the restriction that
.Nm
must be running as root. Of course,
must be running as root.
Of course,
.Nm
will not be able to send a HUP signal to
.Xr syslogd 8
@ -144,7 +148,8 @@ will only apply to those specific log files.
.It Fl F
Force
.Nm
to trim the logs, even if the trim conditions have not been met. This
to trim the logs, even if the trim conditions have not been met.
This
option is useful for diagnosing system problems by providing you with
fresh logs that contain only the problems.
.It Fl R Ar tagname
@ -216,7 +221,8 @@ distinguish the group name.
Beginning with
.Fx 3.3 ,
this has been changed to a colon (``:'') character so that user and group
names may contain the dot character. The dot (``.'') character is still
names may contain the dot character.
The dot (``.'') character is still
accepted for backwards compatibility.
.Sh "SEE ALSO"
.Xr bzip 1 ,

12
usr.sbin/nfsd/nfsd.8
View file

@ -90,9 +90,11 @@ options may be specified.
Specifies that nfsd should bind to the wildcard IP address.
This is the default if no
.Fl h
options are given. It may also be specified in addition to any
options are given.
It may also be specified in addition to any
.Fl h
options given. Note that NFS/UDP does not operate properly when
options given.
Note that NFS/UDP does not operate properly when
bound to the wildcard IP address whether you use -a or do not use -h.
.It Fl t
Serve
@ -145,8 +147,10 @@ If
is to be run on a host with multiple interfaces or interface aliases, use
of the
.Fl h
option is recommended. If you do not use the option NFS may not respond to
UDP packets from the same IP address they were sent to. Use of this option
option is recommended.
If you do not use the option NFS may not respond to
UDP packets from the same IP address they were sent to.
Use of this option
is also recommended when securing NFS exports on a firewalling machine such
that the NFS sockets can only be accessed by the inside interface.
The

2
usr.sbin/ngctl/ngctl.8
View file

@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ commands, their usage and aliases, and a brief description.
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm netgraph
system was designed and first implemented at Whistle Communications, Inc. in
system was designed and first implemented at Whistle Communications, Inc.\& in
a version of
.Fx 2.2
customized for the Whistle InterJet.

4
usr.sbin/ntp/doc/ntp.conf.5
View file

@ -1292,13 +1292,13 @@ If this
flag is specified neither queries nor time server polls will be
responded to.
.It Cm noquery
Ignore all NTP mode 6 and 7 packets (i.e. information queries
Ignore all NTP mode 6 and 7 packets (i.e., information queries
and configuration requests) from the source.
Time service is not
affected.
.It Cm nomodify
Ignore all NTP mode 6 and 7 packets which attempt to modify the
state of the server (i.e. run time reconfiguration).
state of the server (i.e., run time reconfiguration).
Queries which
return information are permitted.
.It Cm notrap

6
usr.sbin/ntp/doc/ntptrace.8
View file

@ -40,7 +40,8 @@ this is why it is not always zero for
.Dq localhost ) ,
the host
synchronization distance,
and (only for stratum-1 servers) the reference clock ID. All times
and (only for stratum-1 servers) the reference clock ID.
All times
are given in seconds.
Note that the stratum is the server hop count to the primary source,
while the synchronization distance is the estimated error
@ -53,7 +54,8 @@ The following options are available:
Turn on some debugging output.
.It Fl n
Turn off the printing of host names; instead, host IP addresses
are given. This may be necessary if a nameserver is down.
are given.
This may be necessary if a nameserver is down.
.It Fl r Ar retries
Set the number of retransmission attempts for each host; the default is 5.
.It Fl t Ar timeout

2
usr.sbin/ofwdump/ofwdump.8
View file

@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ Only print properties of the given name.
.It Fl R
Print properties in
.Dq raw
format, i.e. omit all headings and indentation and just write the
format, i.e., omit all headings and indentation and just write the
property values unaltered to the standard output.
This is intended to be used with the
.Fl P

3
usr.sbin/pccard/pccardc/pccardc.8
View file

@ -42,7 +42,8 @@
The
.Nm
utility controls PC-CARD slots and configures and displays information
about PCMCIA cards. It understands the following subcommands:
about PCMCIA cards.
It understands the following subcommands:
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width dumpcisfile -compact
.It Ic beep

9
usr.sbin/pccard/pccardd/pccard.conf.5
View file

@ -116,7 +116,8 @@ If a decimal number has
.Em k
or
.Em K
appended to it, the value is multiplied by 1024. Names may be
appended to it, the value is multiplied by 1024.
Names may be
quoted using double quotes if spaces are required.
A hash character comments out the rest of the line.
.Ss "Resource pool"
@ -184,7 +185,7 @@ An optional set of flags may
be assigned.
In
.Ar index ,
specify either
specify either
.Dq auto
or
.Dq default
@ -252,11 +253,11 @@ matches
.Dq Functional ID: Serial port/modem
and
.Em fixed_disk
matches
matches
.Dq Fixed disk card .
The syntax is the same as for
.Em "card identifiers"
but uses
but uses
.Dq generic
instead of
.Dq card

3
usr.sbin/pccard/pccardd/pccardd.8
View file

@ -141,7 +141,8 @@ Delays running as a daemon until after the cards have been probed and attached.
.It Fl I
Don't get a list of free IRQs from kernel.
.It Fl i Ar IRQ
Configures an available IRQ. It overrides the "irq" line in
Configures an available IRQ.
It overrides the "irq" line in
.Pa /etc/defaults/pccard.conf
and
.Pa /etc/pccard.conf .

5
usr.sbin/pcvt/kcon/kcon.1
View file

@ -72,13 +72,14 @@ To be used in conjunction with the
option.
.It Fl p
Uses 'pure' output when listing - the Escape character is displayed in either
octal or hexadecimal and not as 'ESC'. To be used in conjunction with the
octal or hexadecimal and not as 'ESC'.
To be used in conjunction with the
.Fl l
option.
.It Fl r Ar rate
Specifies the character repetition rate.
Valid argument values are 0...31
corresponding to rates of 30 characters/second ... 2 characters/second.
corresponding to rates of 30 characters/second ...\& 2 characters/second.
.It Fl R
Reset the Keyboard.
.It Fl s

5
usr.sbin/pcvt/scon/scon.1
View file

@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ returned could be MDA, HGC, CGA, EGA, VGA or UNKNOWN.
Specify the screen number the current (displayed) screen should be switched
to.
.It Fl d
Specify the device filename (i.e. /dev/ttyv2) further operations specified on
Specify the device filename (i.e., /dev/ttyv2) further operations specified on
the command line should be applied to.
.It Fl f
Some programs which silently assume 24 lines when they run on a VT220 show
@ -116,7 +116,8 @@ escape sequences for handling the labels are available to the user.
.It Fl s
Specify the number of character lines on the screen.
Possible parameters are
25, 28, 35, 40, 43 or 50. To use all this screen sizes, the fonts required
25, 28, 35, 40, 43 or 50.
To use all this screen sizes, the fonts required
for proper operation of a desired size have to be downloaded to the EGA/VGA
font ram.
This option is available only for EGA and VGA boards.

120
usr.sbin/pkg_install/create/pkg_create.1
View file

@ -59,11 +59,14 @@
The
.Nm
command is used to create packages that will subsequently be fed to
one of the package extraction/info utilities. The input description
one of the package extraction/info utilities.
The input description
and command line arguments for the creation of a package are not
really meant to be human-generated, though it is easy enough to
do so. It is more expected that you will use a front-end tool for
the job rather than muddling through it yourself. Nonetheless, a short
do so.
It is more expected that you will use a front-end tool for
the job rather than muddling through it yourself.
Nonetheless, a short
description of the input syntax is included in this document.
.Sh OPTIONS
The following command line options are supported:
@ -89,7 +92,8 @@ from file
.Ar desc
or, if preceded by
.Cm - ,
the argument itself. This string should also
the argument itself.
This string should also
give some idea of which version of the product (if any) the package
represents.
.It Fl d Xo
@ -105,7 +109,8 @@ Assume a default answer of `Yes' for any questions asked.
.It Fl N
Assume a default answer of `No' for any questions asked.
.It Fl O
Go into a `packing list Only' mode. This is a custom hack for the
Go into a `packing list Only' mode.
This is a custom hack for the
.Fx
.Em "Ports Collection"
and is used to do `fake pkg_add' operations when a port is installed.
@ -119,8 +124,10 @@ are dumped, rather than the links themselves.
.It Fl i Ar iscript
Set
.Ar iscript
to be the pre-install procedure for the package. This can be any executable
program (or shell script). It will be invoked automatically when the
to be the pre-install procedure for the package.
This can be any executable
program (or shell script).
It will be invoked automatically when the
package is later installed.
It will be passed the package's name as the
first argument.
@ -138,8 +145,10 @@ respectively, after the package's name.
.It Fl I Ar piscript
Set
.Ar piscript
to be the post-install procedure for the package. This can be any
executable program (or shell script). It will be invoked automatically
to be the post-install procedure for the package.
This can be any
executable program (or shell script).
It will be invoked automatically
when the package is later installed.
It will be passed the package's name as
the first argument.
@ -181,8 +190,10 @@ the package.
.It Fl k Ar dscript
Set
.Ar dscript
to be the de-install procedure for the package. This can be any executable
program (or shell script). It will be invoked automatically when the
to be the de-install procedure for the package.
This can be any executable
program (or shell script).
It will be invoked automatically when the
package is later (if ever) de-installed.
It will be passed the package's
name as the first argument.
@ -200,8 +211,10 @@ respectively, along with the package's name.
.It Fl K Ar pdscript
Set
.Ar pdscript
to be the post-deinstall procedure for the package. This can be any
executable program (or shell script). It will be invoked automatically when
to be the post-deinstall procedure for the package.
This can be any
executable program (or shell script).
It will be invoked automatically when
the package is later de-installed.
It will be passed the package's name as
the first argument.
@ -210,8 +223,10 @@ Set
.Ar rscript
to be the
.Dq requirements
procedure for the package. This can be any
executable program (or shell script). It will be invoked automatically
procedure for the package.
This can be any
executable program (or shell script).
It will be invoked automatically
at installation/deinstallation time to determine whether or not
installation/deinstallation should proceed.
To differentiate between installation and deinstallation, the keywords
@ -239,7 +254,8 @@ By default, this is the string
but it may be necessary to override it in the situation where
space in your
.Pa /tmp
directory is limited. Be sure to leave some number of `X' characters
directory is limited.
Be sure to leave some number of `X' characters
for
.Xr mktemp 3
to fill in with a unique ID.
@ -250,7 +266,8 @@ as a
.Fl exclude-from
argument to
.Cm tar
when creating final package. See
when creating final package.
See
.Cm tar
man page (or run
.Cm tar
@ -259,7 +276,8 @@ with
flag) for further information on using this flag.
.It Fl D Ar displayfile
Display the file (by concatenating it to stdout)
after installing the package. Useful for things like
after installing the package.
Useful for things like
legal notices on almost-free software, etc.
.It Fl m Ar mtreefile
Run
@ -325,12 +343,15 @@ format (see
.Fl f )
is fairly simple, being
nothing more than a single column of filenames to include in the
package. However, since absolute pathnames are generally a bad idea
package.
However, since absolute pathnames are generally a bad idea
for a package that could be installed potentially anywhere, there is
another method of specifying where things are supposed to go
and, optionally, what ownership and mode information they should be
installed with. This is done by embedding specialized command sequences
in the packing list. Briefly described, these sequences are:
installed with.
This is done by embedding specialized command sequences
in the packing list.
Briefly described, these sequences are:
.Bl -tag -width indent -compact
.It Cm @cwd Ar directory
Set the internal directory pointer to point to
@ -348,10 +369,12 @@ for package creation but not extraction.
.It Cm @exec Ar command
Execute
.Ar command
as part of the unpacking process. If
as part of the unpacking process.
If
.Ar command
contains any of the following sequences somewhere in it, they will
be expanded inline. For the following examples, assume that
be expanded inline.
For the following examples, assume that
.Cm @cwd
is set to
.Pa /usr/local
@ -371,7 +394,8 @@ Expand to the
.Dq basename
of the fully qualified filename, that
is the current directory prefix, plus the last filespec, minus
the trailing filename. In the example case, that would be
the trailing filename.
In the example case, that would be
.Pa /usr/local/bin .
.It Cm "%f"
Expand to the
@ -385,17 +409,20 @@ being in the example case,
.It Cm @unexec Ar command
Execute
.Ar command
as part of the deinstallation process. Expansion of special
as part of the deinstallation process.
Expansion of special
.Cm %
sequences is the same as for
.Cm @exec .
This command is not executed during the package add, as
.Cm @exec
is, but rather when the package is deleted. This is useful
is, but rather when the package is deleted.
This is useful
for deleting links and other ancillary files that were created
as a result of adding the package, but not directly known to
the package's table of contents (and hence not automatically
removable). The advantage of using
removable).
The advantage of using
.Cm @unexec
over a deinstallation script is that you can use the
.Dq special sequence expansion
@ -408,7 +435,8 @@ Set default permission for all subsequently extracted files to
Format is the same as that used by the
.Cm chmod
command (well, considering that it's later handed off to it, that's
no surprise). Use without an arg to set back to default (extraction)
no surprise).
Use without an arg to set back to default (extraction)
permissions.
.It Cm @option Ar option
Set internal package options, the only two currently supported ones
@ -433,7 +461,8 @@ Set default group ownership for all subsequently extracted files to
Use without an arg to set back to default (extraction)
group ownership.
.It Cm @comment Ar string
Imbed a comment in the packing list. Useful in
Imbed a comment in the packing list.
Useful in
trying to document some particularly hairy sequence that
may trip someone up later.
.It Cm @ignore
@ -442,27 +471,34 @@ copy it anywhere), as it's used for some special purpose.
.It Cm @ignore_inst
Similar to
.Cm @ignore ,
but the ignoring of the next file is delayed one evaluation cycle. This
but the ignoring of the next file is delayed one evaluation cycle.
This
makes it possible to use this directive in the
.Ar packinglist
file, so you can pack a
specialized datafile in with a distribution for your install script (or
something) yet have the installer ignore it.
.It Cm @name Ar name
Set the name of the package. This is mandatory and is usually
put at the top. This name is potentially different from the name of
Set the name of the package.
This is mandatory and is usually
put at the top.
This name is potentially different from the name of
the file it came in, and is used when keeping track of the package
for later deinstallation. Note that
for later deinstallation.
Note that
.Nm
will derive this field from the package name and add it automatically
if none is given.
.It Cm @dirrm Ar name
Declare directory
.Pa name
to be deleted at deinstall time. By default, directories created by a
to be deleted at deinstall time.
By default, directories created by a
package installation are not deleted when the package is deinstalled;
this provides an explicit directory cleanup method. This directive
should appear at the end of the package list. If more than one
this provides an explicit directory cleanup method.
This directive
should appear at the end of the package list.
If more than one
.Cm @dirrm
directives are used, the directories are removed in the order specified.
The
@ -475,7 +511,8 @@ as an
.Xr mtree 8
input file to be used at install time (see
.Fl m
above). Only the first
above).
Only the first
.Cm @mtree
directive is honored.
.It Cm @display Ar name
@ -487,12 +524,14 @@ above).
.It Cm @pkgdep Ar pkgname
Declare a dependency on the
.Ar pkgname
package. The
package.
The
.Ar pkgname
package must be installed before this package may be
installed, and this package must be deinstalled before the
.Ar pkgname
package is deinstalled. Multiple
package is deinstalled.
Multiple
.Cm @pkgdep
directives may be used if the package depends on multiple other packages.
.It Cm @conflicts Ar pkgcflname
@ -555,7 +594,8 @@ command first appeared in
Hard links between files in a distribution must be bracketed by
.Cm @cwd
directives in order to be preserved as hard links when the package is
extracted. They additionally must not end up being split between
extracted.
They additionally must not end up being split between
.Cm tar
invocations due to exec argument-space limitations (this depends on the
value returned by

30
usr.sbin/pkg_install/delete/pkg_delete.1
View file

@ -49,7 +49,8 @@ or other subtle
attacks from miscreants who create dangerous package files.
.Pp
You are advised to verify the competence and identity of those who
provide installable package files. For extra protection, examine all
provide installable package files.
For extra protection, examine all
the package control files in the package record directory
.Pa ( /var/db/pkg/<pkg-name>/ ) .
Pay particular attention to any +INSTALL, +POST-INSTALL, +DEINSTALL,
@ -88,15 +89,18 @@ would be taken if it were.
Set
.Ar prefix
as the directory in which to delete files from any installed packages
which do not explicitly set theirs. For most packages, the prefix will
which do not explicitly set theirs.
For most packages, the prefix will
be set automatically to the installed location by
.Xr pkg_add 1 .
.It Fl d
Remove empty directories created by file cleanup. By default, only
Remove empty directories created by file cleanup.
By default, only
files/directories explicitly listed in a package's contents (either as
normal files/directories or with the
.Cm @dirrm
directive) will be removed at deinstallation time. This option tells
directive) will be removed at deinstallation time.
This option tells
.Nm
to also remove any directories that were emptied as a result of removing
the package.
@ -114,7 +118,8 @@ automatically expands shell glob patterns in the
Treat the
.Ar pkg-name
as a regular expression and delete all packages whose names match
that regular expression. Multiple regular expressions could be
that regular expression.
Multiple regular expressions could be
provided, in that case
.Nm
deletes all packages that match at least one
@ -126,14 +131,16 @@ but treats the
.Ar pkg-name
as an extended regular expression.
.It Fl r
Recursive removal. In addition to specified packages, delete all
Recursive removal.
In addition to specified packages, delete all
packages that depend on those packages as well.
.El
.Sh TECHNICAL DETAILS
The
.Nm
utility
does pretty much what it says. It examines installed package records in
does pretty much what it says.
It examines installed package records in
.Pa /var/db/pkg/<pkg-name> ,
deletes the package contents, and finally removes the package records.
If the environment variable
@ -164,7 +171,8 @@ then this is executed first as
is the name of the package in question and
.Ar DEINSTALL
is a keyword denoting that this is a deinstallation)
to see whether or not deinstallation should continue. A non-zero exit
to see whether or not deinstallation should continue.
A non-zero exit
status means no, unless the
.Fl f
option is specified.
@ -205,7 +213,8 @@ If a
.Cm post-deinstall
script exists for the package, it is executed
.Cm after
all files are removed. It is this script's responsibility to clean up any
all files are removed.
It is this script's responsibility to clean up any
additional messy details around the package's installation, and leave the
system (hopefully) in the same state that it was prior to the installation
of the package.
@ -250,7 +259,8 @@ All scripts are called with the environment variable
.Ev PKG_PREFIX
set to the installation prefix (see the
.Fl p
option above). This allows a package author to write a script
option above).
This allows a package author to write a script
that reliably performs some action on the directory where the package
is installed, even if the user might have changed it by specifying the
.Fl p

36
usr.sbin/pkg_install/info/pkg_info.1
View file

@ -51,14 +51,16 @@ command.
The following command line options are supported:
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It Ar pkg-name ...
The named packages are described. A package name may either be the name of
The named packages are described.
A package name may either be the name of
an installed package, the pathname to a package distribution file or a
URL to an FTP available package.
Package version numbers can also be matched in a relational manner using the
.Pa \*[Ge], \*[Le], \*[Gt]
and
.Pa \*[Lt]
operators. For example,
operators.
For example,
.Pa pkg_info 'portupgrade\*[Ge]20030723'
will match versions 20030723 and later of the
.Pa portupgrade
@ -97,7 +99,8 @@ Show files that don't match the recorded checksum.
.It Fl i
Show the install script (if any) for each package.
.It Fl I
Show an index line for each package. This option takes
Show an index line for each package.
This option takes
precedence over all other package formatting options.
.It Fl j
Show the requirements script (if any) for each package.
@ -110,7 +113,8 @@ Show the list of installed packages which require each package.
.It Fl m
Show the mtree file (if any) for each package.
.It Fl L
Show the files within each package. This is different from just
Show the files within each package.
This is different from just
viewing the packing list, since full pathnames for everything
are generated.
.It Fl s
@ -118,7 +122,8 @@ Show the total size occupied by files installed within each package.
.It Fl o
Show the
.Dq origin
path recorded on package generation. This path
path recorded on package generation.
This path
intended to give an idea as to where the underlying port, from which
package was generated, is located in the
.Fx
@ -133,7 +138,8 @@ automatically expands shell glob patterns in the
.It Fl W
For the specified
.Ar filename
argument show which package it belongs to. If the file is not in the
argument show which package it belongs to.
If the file is not in the
current directory, and does not have an absolute path, then the
.Ev PATH
is searched using
@ -146,7 +152,8 @@ argument list all packages having this origin.
Treat the
.Ar pkg-name
as a regular expression and display information only for packages
whose names match that regular expression. Multiple regular
whose names match that regular expression.
Multiple regular
expressions could be provided, in that case
.Nm
displays information about all packages that match at least one
@ -160,11 +167,13 @@ as an extended regular expression.
.It Fl e Ar pkg-name
If the package identified by
.Ar pkg-name
is currently installed, return 0, otherwise return 1. This option
is currently installed, return 0, otherwise return 1.
This option
allows you to easily test for the presence of another (perhaps
prerequisite) package from a script.
.It Fl E
Show only matching package names. This option takes
Show only matching package names.
This option takes
precedence over all other package formatting options.
If any packages match, return 0, otherwise return 1.
.It Fl l Ar str
@ -175,7 +184,8 @@ shown with
This is primarily of use to front-end programs who want to request a
lot of different information fields at once for a package, but don't
necessary want the output intermingled in such a way that they can't
organize it. This lets you add a special token to the start of
organize it.
This lets you add a special token to the start of
each field.
.It Fl t Ar template
Use
@ -189,7 +199,8 @@ By default, this is the string
but it may be necessary to override it in the situation where
space in your
.Pa /tmp
directory is limited. Be sure to leave some number of `X' characters
directory is limited.
Be sure to leave some number of `X' characters
for
.Xr mktemp 3
to fill in with a unique ID.
@ -224,7 +235,8 @@ Points to the directory where
creates its temporary files.
If this variable is not set,
.Ev TMPDIR
is used. If both are unset, the builtin defaults are used.
is used.
If both are unset, the builtin defaults are used.
.It Ev PKG_DBDIR
Specifies an alternative location for the installed package database.
.El

3
usr.sbin/pkg_install/sign/pkg_sign.1
View file

@ -103,7 +103,8 @@ For
the signing key or verification certificate may be
specified with the
.Fl k
option. If not specified, packages are signed or verified with the
option.
If not specified, packages are signed or verified with the
default keys and certificates documented below.
.Pp
If

20
usr.sbin/pkg_install/version/pkg_version.1
View file

@ -53,7 +53,8 @@ installed using the
command.
.Pp
Each package's version number is checked against one of two sources to
see if that package may require updating. If the package contains
see if that package may require updating.
If the package contains
information about its origin in the
.Fx
ports tree, and a version number can be determined from the port's
@ -155,7 +156,7 @@ The output consists of one of the single characters
This flag is mostly useful for scripts or for testing.
.It Fl T
Test whether
.Ar pkgname
.Ar pkgname
is matched by
.Ar pattern
and set the exit code accordingly.
@ -164,16 +165,21 @@ can also be used in `filter mode':
When one of the arguments is `-', standard input is used, and lines
with matching package names/patterns are echoed to standard output.
.It Fl v
Enable verbose output. Verbose output includes some English-text
Enable verbose output.
Verbose output includes some English-text
interpretations of the version number comparisons, as well as the
version numbers compared for each package. Non-verbose output is
version numbers compared for each package.
Non-verbose output is
probably easier for programs or scripts to parse.
.It Ar index
Specify the index to be used as a basis of comparison. This index can
be specified as a filename (in the local file system) or a URL. Any
Specify the index to be used as a basis of comparison.
This index can
be specified as a filename (in the local file system) or a URL.
Any
URL understandable by
.Xr fetch 1
can be used here. If no
can be used here.
If no
.Ar index
file is specified on the command line,
.Pa /usr/ports/INDEX-5

24
usr.sbin/ppp/ppp.8.m4
View file

@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ will force it to exit.
can use either the standard LCP callback protocol or the Microsoft
CallBack Control Protocol (ftp://ftp.microsoft.com/developr/rfc/cbcp.txt).
.It Supports NAT or packet aliasing.
Packet aliasing (a.k.a. IP masquerading) allows computers on a
Packet aliasing (a.k.a.\& IP masquerading) allows computers on a
private, unregistered network to access the Internet.
The
.Em PPP
@ -1624,7 +1624,7 @@ in your profile).
.Sh NETWORK ADDRESS TRANSLATION (PACKET ALIASING)
The
.Fl nat
command line option enables network address translation (a.k.a. packet
command line option enables network address translation (a.k.a.\& packet
aliasing).
This allows the
.Nm
@ -3473,9 +3473,11 @@ If no arguments are given, firewall punching is disabled.
.It nat skinny_port Op Ar port
This command tells
.Nm
which TCP port is used by the Skinny Station protocol. Skinny is used by
which TCP port is used by the Skinny Station protocol.
Skinny is used by
Cisco IP phones to communicate with Cisco Call Managers to setup voice
over IP calls. The typical port used by Skinny is 2000.
over IP calls.
The typical port used by Skinny is 2000.
.Pp
If no argument is given, skinny aliasing is disabled.
.It nat same_ports yes|no
@ -5369,7 +5371,8 @@ keywords.
.Pp
.It RAD_FRAMED_IPV6_PREFIX
If this attribute is supplied, the value is substituted for IPV6PREFIX
in a command. You may pass it to such as DHCPv6 for delegating an
in a command.
You may pass it to such as DHCPv6 for delegating an
IPv6 prefix to a peer.
.It RAD_FRAMED_IPV6_ROUTE
The received string is expected to be in the format
@ -5410,7 +5413,8 @@ would result in a default route to
.Dv HISADDR6 .
.Pp
All RADIUS IPv6 routes are applied after any sticky routes are
applied, making RADIUS IPv6 routes override configured routes. This
applied, making RADIUS IPv6 routes override configured routes.
This
also applies for RADIUS IPv6 routes that don't {include} the
.Dv MYADDR6
or
@ -5459,14 +5463,16 @@ encryption.
If this
.Dv RAD_VENDOR_MICROSOFT
vendor specific attribute is supplied, it's value is used as the master
key for decryption of incoming data. When clients are authenticated using
key for decryption of incoming data.
When clients are authenticated using
MSCHAPv2, the RADIUS server MUST provide this attribute if inbound MPPE is
to function.
.It RAD_MICROSOFT_MS_MPPE_SEND_KEY
If this
.Dv RAD_VENDOR_MICROSOFT
vendor specific attribute is supplied, it's value is used as the master
key for encryption of outgoing data. When clients are authenticated using
key for encryption of outgoing data.
When clients are authenticated using
MSCHAPv2, the RADIUS server MUST provide this attribute if outbound MPPE is
to function.
.El
@ -5758,7 +5764,7 @@ Word replacement is done in the same way as for the
.Dq !bg
command as described above.
.Pp
Use of the ! character
Use of the !\& character
requires a following space as with any of the other commands.
You should note that this command is executed in the foreground;
.Nm

55
usr.sbin/pppctl/pppctl.8
View file

@ -21,24 +21,29 @@
.Sh DESCRIPTION
This utility provides command line control of the
.Xr ppp 8
daemon. Its primary use is to facilitate simple scripts that
daemon.
Its primary use is to facilitate simple scripts that
control a running daemon.
.Pp
The
.Nm
utility is passed at least one argument, specifying the socket on which
.Nm ppp
is listening. Refer to the
is listening.
Refer to the
.Sq set server
command of
.Nm ppp
for details. If the socket contains a leading '/', it
for details.
If the socket contains a leading '/', it
is taken as an
.Dv AF_LOCAL
socket. If it contains a colon, it is treated as a
socket.
If it contains a colon, it is treated as a
.Ar host : Ns Ar port
pair, otherwise it is treated as a TCP port specification on the
local machine (127.0.0.1). Both the
local machine (127.0.0.1).
Both the
.Ar host
and
.Ar port
@ -50,7 +55,8 @@ All remaining arguments are concatenated to form the
.Ar command Ns (s)
that will be sent to the
.Nm ppp
daemon. If any semi-colon characters are found, they are treated as
daemon.
If any semi-colon characters are found, they are treated as
.Ar command
delimiters, allowing more than one
.Ar command
@ -73,7 +79,8 @@ When reading commands, the
.Xr editline 3
library is used, allowing command-line editing (with
.Xr editrc 5
defining editing behaviour). The history size
defining editing behaviour).
The history size
defaults to
.Em 20 lines .
.Pp
@ -82,19 +89,23 @@ The following command line options are available:
.It Fl v
Display all data sent to and received from the
.Nm ppp
daemon. Normally,
daemon.
Normally,
.Nm
displays only non-prompt lines received. This option is ignored in
displays only non-prompt lines received.
This option is ignored in
interactive mode.
.It Fl t Ar n
Use a timeout of
.Ar n
instead of the default 2 seconds when connecting. This may be required
instead of the default 2 seconds when connecting.
This may be required
if you wish to control a daemon over a slow (or even a dialup) link.
.It Fl p Ar passwd
Specify the password required by the
.Nm ppp
daemon. If this switch is not used,
daemon.
If this switch is not used,
.Nm
will prompt for a password once it has successfully connected to
.Nm ppp .
@ -108,7 +119,8 @@ mode,
.Nm
can be used to automate many frequent tasks (you can actually control
.Nm ppp
in any mode except interactive mode). Use of the
in any mode except interactive mode).
Use of the
.Fl p
option is discouraged (even in scripts that aren't readable by others)
as a
@ -133,7 +145,8 @@ Refer to the
.Xr ppp 8
man page for further details.
.Pp
You can now create some easy-access scripts. To connect to the internet:
You can now create some easy-access scripts.
To connect to the internet:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
#! /bin/sh
test $# -eq 0 && time=300 || time=$1
@ -165,10 +178,12 @@ exec pppctl /var/run/internet "$@"
.Pp
You could also use
.Nm
to control when dial-on-demand works. Suppose you want
to control when dial-on-demand works.
Suppose you want
.Nm ppp
to run all the time, but you want to prevent dial-out between 8pm and 8am
each day. However, any connections active at 8pm should continue to remain
each day.
However, any connections active at 8pm should continue to remain
active until they are closed or naturally time out.
.Pp
A
@ -190,10 +205,14 @@ The following environment variables are understood by
when in interactive mode:
.Bl -tag -width XXXXXXXXXX
.It Dv EL_SIZE
The number of history lines. The default is 20.
The number of history lines.
The default is 20.
.It Dv EL_EDITOR
The edit mode. Only values of "emacs" and "vi" are accepted. Other values
are silently ignored. This environment variable will override the
The edit mode.
Only values of "emacs" and "vi" are accepted.
Other values
are silently ignored.
This environment variable will override the
.Ar bind -v
and
.Ar bind -e

6
usr.sbin/pstat/pstat.8
View file

@ -122,8 +122,10 @@ The file offset (see
.It Fl s
Print information about swap space usage on all the
swap areas compiled into the kernel.
The first column is the device name of the partition. The next column is
the total space available in the partition. The
The first column is the device name of the partition.
The next column is
the total space available in the partition.
The
.Ar Used
column indicates the total blocks used so far; the
.Ar Available

3
usr.sbin/pw/pw.8
View file

@ -814,7 +814,8 @@ The
and
.Ar unlock
commands take a user name or uid of the account to lock or unlock,
respectively. The
respectively.
The
.Fl V ,
.Fl C ,
and

15
usr.sbin/pwd_mkdb/pwd_mkdb.8
View file

@ -74,8 +74,10 @@ change, add, or remove any files.
.It Fl N
Tell
.Nm
to exit with an error if it cannot obtain a lock on the file. By default,
we block waiting for a lock on the source file. The lock is held through
to exit with an error if it cannot obtain a lock on the file.
By default,
we block waiting for a lock on the source file.
The lock is held through
the rebuilding of the database.
.It Fl p
Create a Version 7 style password file and install it into
@ -84,17 +86,20 @@ Create a Version 7 style password file and install it into
Store databases into specified destination directory instead of
.Pa /etc .
.It Fl u Ar username
Only update the record for the specified user. Utilities that
Only update the record for the specified user.
Utilities that
operate on a single user can use this option to avoid the
overhead of rebuilding the entire database.
.It Fl s Ar cachesize
Specify in megabytes the size of the memory cache used by the
hashing library. On systems with a large user base, a small cache
hashing library.
On systems with a large user base, a small cache
size can lead to prohibitively long database file rebuild times.
As a rough guide, the memory usage of
.Nm
in megabytes will be a little bit more than twice the figure
specified here. The default is 2 megabytes.
specified here.
The default is 2 megabytes.
.El
.Pp
The two databases differ in that the secure version contains the user's

3
usr.sbin/quot/quot.8
View file

@ -66,7 +66,8 @@ By default, all sizes are reported in 512-byte block counts.
.It Fl n
Given a list of inodes (plus some optional data on each line)
in the standard input, for each file print out the owner (plus
the remainder of the input line). This is traditionally used
the remainder of the input line).
This is traditionally used
in the pipe:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
.\" ncheck filesystem | sort +0n | quot -n filesystem

18
usr.sbin/rmt/rmt.8
View file

@ -45,7 +45,8 @@ The
.Nm
utility is used by the remote dump and restore programs
in manipulating a magnetic tape drive through an interprocess
communication connection. It is normally started up with an
communication connection.
It is normally started up with an
.Xr rexec 3
or
.Xr rcmd 3
@ -55,7 +56,8 @@ The
.Nm
utility accepts requests specific to the manipulation of
magnetic tapes, performs the commands, then responds with
a status indication. All responses are in
a status indication.
All responses are in
.Tn ASCII
and in
one of two forms.
@ -118,7 +120,8 @@ closed before a new open is performed.
.It Xo Sy C Ar device No \en
.Xc
.Sm on
Close the currently open device. The
Close the currently open device.
The
.Ar device
specified is ignored.
.Sm off
@ -167,7 +170,8 @@ and responds with
.Sm on
if the read was
successful; otherwise an error in the
standard format is returned. If the read
standard format is returned.
If the read
was successful, the data read is then sent.
.Sm off
.It Xo Sy I Ar operation
@ -187,7 +191,8 @@ and
.Ar mt_count
fields of the structure used in the
.Xr ioctl 2
call. The return value is the
call.
The return value is the
.Ar count
parameter when the operation is successful.
.It Sy S
@ -195,7 +200,8 @@ Return the status of the open device, as
obtained with a
.Dv MTIOCGET
.Xr ioctl 2
call. If the operation was successful,
call.
If the operation was successful,
an ``ack'' is sent with the size of the
status buffer, then the status buffer is
sent (in binary).

23
usr.sbin/rpc.statd/rpc.statd.8
View file

@ -49,13 +49,16 @@ utility
is a daemon which co-operates with
.Nm
daemons on other hosts to provide
a status monitoring service. The daemon accepts requests from
a status monitoring service.
The daemon accepts requests from
programs running on the local host (typically,
.Xr rpc.lockd 8 ,
the NFS file locking daemon) to monitor the status of specified
hosts. If a monitored host crashes and restarts, the remote daemon will
hosts.
If a monitored host crashes and restarts, the remote daemon will
notify the local daemon, which in turn will notify the local program(s)
which requested the monitoring service. Conversely, if this host crashes
which requested the monitoring service.
Conversely, if this host crashes
and re-starts, when the
.Nm
re-starts, it will notify all of the hosts which were being monitored
@ -65,8 +68,10 @@ The following option is available:
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It Fl d
Cause debugging information to be written to syslog, recording
all RPC transactions to the daemon. These messages are logged with level
LOG_DEBUG and facility LOG_DAEMON. Error conditions are logged irrespective
all RPC transactions to the daemon.
These messages are logged with level
LOG_DEBUG and facility LOG_DAEMON.
Error conditions are logged irrespective
of this option, using level LOG_ERR.
.El
.Pp
@ -91,8 +96,9 @@ RPC protocol specification used by local applications to register monitoring req
.Xr rpc.lockd 8
.Sh BUGS
There is no means for the daemon to tell when a monitored host has
disappeared permanently (eg. catastrophic hardware failure), as opposed
to transient failure of the host or an intermediate router. At present,
disappeared permanently (e.g.\& catastrophic hardware failure), as opposed
to transient failure of the host or an intermediate router.
At present,
it will re-try notification attempts at frequent intervals for 10 minutes,
then hourly, and finally gives up after 24 hours.
.Pp
@ -102,7 +108,8 @@ This is convenient for the NFS locking protocol, but probably reduces the
usefulness of the monitoring system for other applications.
.Pp
The current implementation uses more than 1Kbyte per monitored host in
the status file (and also in VM). This may be inefficient for NFS servers
the status file (and also in VM).
This may be inefficient for NFS servers
with large numbers of clients.
.Sh STANDARDS
The implementation is based on the specification in X/Open CAE Specification

3
usr.sbin/rpc.yppasswdd/rpc.yppasswdd.8
View file

@ -125,7 +125,8 @@ The super-user can modify
any field in any user's master.passwd entry in any domain, and can
do so without knowing the user's existing NIS password (when the server
receives a request from the super-user, the password authentication
check is bypassed). Furthermore, if the server is invoked with the
check is bypassed).
Furthermore, if the server is invoked with the
.Fl a
flag, the super-user can even add new entries to the maps using
.Xr ypchpass 1 .

4
usr.sbin/rrenumd/rrenumd.conf.5
View file

@ -222,12 +222,12 @@ for the assigned interface.
If
.Cm on
is specified, the prefix have on-link nature
(e.g. the prefix
(e.g.\& the prefix
belong to the link).
If
.Cm off
is specified, the prefix have off-link nature
(e.g. the
(e.g.\& the
prefix does not belong to the link).
.It Cm raf_auto Cm on|off
Enable or disable the autonomous address auto configuration

3
usr.sbin/rtprio/rtprio.1
View file

@ -105,7 +105,8 @@ will be modified, else if
is specified, that program is run with its arguments.
.Pp
.Ar Priority
is an integer between 0 and RTP_PRIO_MAX (usually 31). 0 is the
is an integer between 0 and RTP_PRIO_MAX (usually 31).
0 is the
highest priority
.Pp
.Ar Pid

3
usr.sbin/rtsold/rtsold.8
View file

@ -255,7 +255,8 @@ and reinserted, the corresponding interface index is changed.
However,
.Nm
assumes such changes will not occur, and always uses the index that
it got at invocation. As a result,
it got at invocation.
As a result,
.Nm
may not work if you reinsert a network card.
In such a case,

36
usr.sbin/rwhod/rwhod.8
View file

@ -51,7 +51,8 @@ utility is the server which maintains the database used by the
.Xr rwho 1
and
.Xr ruptime 1
programs. Its operation is predicated on the ability to
programs.
Its operation is predicated on the ability to
.Em broadcast
or
.Em multicast
@ -82,7 +83,8 @@ to ignore the source port on incoming packets.
.It Fl p
Ignore all
.Dv POINTOPOINT
interfaces. This is useful if you do not wish to keep dial on demand
interfaces.
This is useful if you do not wish to keep dial on demand
interfaces permanently active.
.It Fl l
Enable listen mode, which causes
@ -97,7 +99,8 @@ Cause
to use IP multicast (instead of
broadcast) on all interfaces that have
the IFF_MULTICAST flag set in their "ifnet" structs
(excluding the loopback interface). The multicast
(excluding the loopback interface).
The multicast
reports are sent with a time-to-live of 1, to prevent
forwarding beyond the directly-connected subnet(s).
.Pp
@ -114,7 +117,8 @@ via a SINGLE interface rather
than all interfaces.
.Ar ttl
must be between 0 and
32 (or MAX_MULTICAST_SCOPE). Note that
32 (or MAX_MULTICAST_SCOPE).
Note that
.Fl m Ar 1
is different from
.Fl m ,
@ -128,14 +132,17 @@ is used without a
.Ar ttl
argument, the program accepts multicast
.Nm
reports from all multicast-capable interfaces. If a
reports from all multicast-capable interfaces.
If a
.Ar ttl
argument is given, it accepts multicast reports from only one interface, the
one on which reports are sent (which may be controlled via the host's routing
table). Regardless of the
table).
Regardless of the
.Fl m
option, the program accepts broadcast or
unicast reports from all interfaces. Thus, this program will hear the
unicast reports from all interfaces.
Thus, this program will hear the
reports of old, non-multicasting
.Nm Ns s ,
but, if multicasting is used,
@ -172,16 +179,19 @@ struct whod {
.Ed
.Pp
All fields are converted to network byte order prior to
transmission. The load averages are as calculated by the
transmission.
The load averages are as calculated by the
.Xr w 1
program, and represent load averages over the 5, 10, and 15 minute
intervals prior to a server's transmission; they are multiplied by 100
for representation in an integer. The host name
for representation in an integer.
The host name
included is that returned by the
.Xr gethostname 3
system call, with any trailing domain name omitted.
The array at the end of the message contains information about
the users logged in to the sending machine. This information
the users logged in to the sending machine.
This information
includes the contents of the
.Xr utmp 5
entry for each non-idle terminal line and a value indicating the
@ -193,11 +203,13 @@ server are discarded unless they originated at an
.Nm rwho
server's port or the
.Fl i
option was specified. In addition, if the host's name, as specified
option was specified.
In addition, if the host's name, as specified
in the message, contains any unprintable
.Tn ASCII
characters, the
message is discarded. Valid messages received by
message is discarded.
Valid messages received by
.Nm
are placed in files named
.Pa whod.hostname

33
usr.sbin/sa/sa.8
View file

@ -69,7 +69,8 @@ If file names are supplied, they are read instead of
.Pa /var/account/acct .
After each file is read, if the summary
files are being updated, an updated summary will
be saved to disk. Only one report is printed,
be saved to disk.
Only one report is printed,
after the last file is processed.
.Pp
The labels used in the output indicate the following, except
@ -102,7 +103,8 @@ are:
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Fl a
List all command names, including those containing unprintable
characters and those used only once. By default,
characters and those used only once.
By default,
.Nm
places all names containing unprintable characters and
those used only once under the name ``***other''.
@ -114,7 +116,8 @@ In addition to the number of calls and the user, system and real times
for each command, print their percentage of the total over all commands.
.It Fl d
If printing command statistics, sort by the average number of disk
I/O operations. If printing user statistics, print the average number of
I/O operations.
If printing user statistics, print the average number of
disk I/O operations per user.
.It Fl D
If printing command statistics, sort and print by the total number
@ -129,7 +132,8 @@ Do not read in the summary files.
Instead of the total minutes per category, give seconds per call.
.It Fl k
If printing command statistics, sort by the cpu-time average memory
usage. If printing user statistics, print the cpu-time average
usage.
If printing user statistics, print the cpu-time average
memory usage.
.It Fl K
If printing command statistics, print and sort by the cpu-storage integral.
@ -160,20 +164,25 @@ command name.
For each command used
.Ar cutoff
times or fewer, print the command name and await a reply
from the terminal. If the reply begins with ``y'', add
the command to the category ``**junk**''. This flag is
from the terminal.
If the reply begins with ``y'', add
the command to the category ``**junk**''.
This flag is
used to strip garbage from the report.
.El
.Pp
By default, per-command statistics will be printed. The number of
By default, per-command statistics will be printed.
The number of
calls, the total elapsed time in minutes, total cpu and user time
in minutes, average number of I/O operations, and CPU-time
averaged core usage will be printed. If the
averaged core usage will be printed.
If the
.Fl m
option is specified, per-user statistics will be printed, including
the user name, the number of commands invoked, total cpu time used
(in minutes), total number of I/O operations, and CPU storage integral
for each user. If the
for each user.
If the
.Fl u
option is specified, the uid, user and system time (in seconds),
CPU storage integral, I/O usage, and command name will be printed
@ -183,7 +192,8 @@ If the
.Fl u
flag is specified, all flags other than
.Fl q
are ignored. If the
are ignored.
If the
.Fl m
flag is specified, only the
.Fl b ,
@ -221,7 +231,8 @@ The VM system does not record the CPU storage integral.
While the behavior of the options in this version of
.Nm
was modeled after the original version, there are some intentional
differences and undoubtedly some unintentional ones as well. In
differences and undoubtedly some unintentional ones as well.
In
particular, the
.Fl q
option has been added, and the

69
usr.sbin/sade/sade.8
View file

@ -72,12 +72,14 @@ of the
library) and install distributions or packages onto new and
existing
.Fx
systems. It also contains some extra intelligence
systems.
It also contains some extra intelligence
for running as a replacement for
.Xr init 8
when it's invoked by the
.Fx
installation boot procedure. It
installation boot procedure.
It
assumes very little in the way of additional utility support and
performs most file system operations by calling the relevant syscalls
(such as
@ -101,7 +103,8 @@ eventually be replaced.
The
.Nm
utility may be either driven interactively through its various internal menus
or run in batch mode, driven by an external script. Such a script may
or run in batch mode, driven by an external script.
Such a script may
be loaded and executed in one of 3 ways:
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Sy "LOAD_CONFIG_FILE"
@ -127,8 +130,9 @@ it then will attempt to load from a DOS or UFS formatted floppy.
Each command line argument is treated as a script directive
when
.Nm
is run in multi-user mode. Execution ends either by explicit request
(e.g. calling the
is run in multi-user mode.
Execution ends either by explicit request
(e.g.\& calling the
.Ar shutdown
directive), upon reaching the end of the argument list or on error.
.Pp
@ -157,14 +161,15 @@ Where
.Ar var=value
is the assignment of some internal
.Nm
variable, e.g. "ftpPass=FuNkYChiKn", and
variable, e.g.\& "ftpPass=FuNkYChiKn", and
.Ar function
is the name of an internal
.Nm
function, e.g. "mediaSetFTP", and
function, e.g.\& "mediaSetFTP", and
.Ar #comment
is a single-line comment for documentation purposes (ignored by
sysinstall). Each directive must be by itself on a single line,
sysinstall).
Each directive must be by itself on a single line,
functions taking their arguments by examining known variable names.
This requires that you be sure to assign the relevant variables before
calling a function which requires them.
@ -253,7 +258,8 @@ Invokes the disk partition (MBR) editor.
.Sy Variables :
.Bl -tag -width findx
.It geometry
The disk geometry, as a cyls/heads/sectors formatted string. Default: no
The disk geometry, as a cyls/heads/sectors formatted string.
Default: no
change to geometry.
.It partition
Set to disk partitioning type or size, its value being
@ -305,13 +311,15 @@ function) to be written out.
.Sy Variables :
None
.It diskLabelEditor
Invokes the disk label editor. This is a bit trickier from a script
Invokes the disk label editor.
This is a bit trickier from a script
since you need to essentially label everything inside each
.Fx
(type 0xA5) partition created by the
.Ar diskPartitionEditor
function, and that requires knowing a few rules about how things are
laid out. When creating a script to automatically allocate disk space
laid out.
When creating a script to automatically allocate disk space
and partition it up, it is suggested that you first perform the
installation interactively at least once and take careful notes as to
what the slice names will be, then and only then hardwiring them into
@ -327,7 +335,8 @@ for the whole
partition
.Ar ( da0s1
being your DOS primary
partition). Now let's further assume that you have 500MB in this
partition).
Now let's further assume that you have 500MB in this
partition and you want to sub-partition that space into root, swap,
var and usr file systems for
.Fx .
@ -350,16 +359,19 @@ the mount point, if non-zero, means to set the soft updates flag).
One can also use the
.Ar diskLabelEditor
for mounting or erasing existing partitions as well as creating new
ones. Using the previous example again, let's say that we also wanted
ones.
Using the previous example again, let's say that we also wanted
to mount our DOS partition and make sure that an
.Pa /etc/fstab
entry is created for it in the new installation. Before calling the
entry is created for it in the new installation.
Before calling the
.Ar diskLabelEditor
function, we simply add an additional line:
.Pp
.Dl "da0s1=/dos_c N"
.Pp
before the call. This tells the label editor that you want to mount
before the call.
This tells the label editor that you want to mount
the first slice on
.Pa /dos_c
and not to attempt to newfs it (not that
@ -392,13 +404,14 @@ Resets all selected distributions to the empty set (no distributions selected).
.Sy Variables :
None
.It distSetCustom
Allows the selection of a custom distribution set (e.g. not just one of the
Allows the selection of a custom distribution set (e.g.\& not just one of the
existing "canned" sets) with no user interaction.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It dists
List of distributions to load. Possible distribution values are:
List of distributions to load.
Possible distribution values are:
.Bl -tag -width indentxx
.It Li base
The base binary distribution.
@ -655,10 +668,12 @@ Defaults to latest links package.
.It browserBinary
The name of the browser binary itself (if overriding the
.Ar browserPackage
variable). Defaults to links.
variable).
Defaults to links.
.El
.It installCommit
Commit any and all pending changes to disk. This function
Commit any and all pending changes to disk.
This function
is essentially shorthand for a number of more granular "commit"
functions.
.Pp
@ -683,7 +698,8 @@ Start an upgrade installation.
None
.It installFixitHoloShell
Start up the "emergency holographic shell" over on VTY4
if running as init. This will also happen automatically
if running as init.
This will also happen automatically
as part of the installation process unless
.Ar noHoloShell
is set.
@ -741,7 +757,7 @@ Select a pre-made floppy installation set as the installation media.
None
.It mediaSetDOS
Select an existing DOS primary partition as the installation media.
The first primary partition found is used (e.g. C:).
The first primary partition found is used (e.g.\& C:).
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
@ -766,7 +782,8 @@ Which host interface to use
.Ar ( ed0
or
.Ar ep0 ,
for example. Non-optional).
for example.
Non-optional).
.It netInteractive
If set, bring up the interactive network setup form even
if all relevant configuration variables are already set (optional).
@ -836,7 +853,8 @@ Which host interface to use
.Ar ( ed0
or
.Ar ep0 ,
for example. Non-optional).
for example.
Non-optional).
.It netInteractive
If set, bring up the interactive network setup form even
if all relevant configuration variables are already set (optional).
@ -887,7 +905,7 @@ that a media type be set),
.Sy Variables :
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It package
The name of the package to add, e.g. bash-1.14.7 or ncftp-2.4.2.
The name of the package to add, e.g.\& bash-1.14.7 or ncftp-2.4.2.
.El
.It addGroup
Invoke the interactive group editor.
@ -911,7 +929,8 @@ Execute an arbitrary command with
.Sy Variables :
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It command
The name of the command to execute. When running
The name of the command to execute.
When running
from a boot floppy, very minimal expectations should
be made as to what's available until/unless a relatively
full system installation has just been done.

3
usr.sbin/setfmac/setfsmac.8
View file

@ -114,7 +114,8 @@ This software was contributed to the
.Fx
Project by Network Associates Labs,
the Security Research Division of Network Associates
Inc. under DARPA/SPAWAR contract N66001-01-C-8035
Inc.
under DARPA/SPAWAR contract N66001-01-C-8035
.Pq Dq CBOSS ,
as part of the DARPA CHATS research program.
.Sh SEE ALSO

3
usr.sbin/setpmac/setpmac.8
View file

@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ This software was contributed to the
.Fx
Project by Network Associates Labs,
the Security Research Division of Network Associates
Inc. under DARPA/SPAWAR contract N66001-01-C-8035
Inc.
under DARPA/SPAWAR contract N66001-01-C-8035
.Pq Dq CBOSS ,
as part of the DARPA CHATS research program.

9
usr.sbin/sicontrol/sicontrol.8
View file

@ -38,8 +38,10 @@ The maximum number of host adapter interrupts per second is determined by:
.Pp
.Ar "controller CPU clock / (8 * int_throttle)"
.Pp
The default value at boot time is 25000. The host adapter cpu clock is
25MHz. This gives a maximum interrupt rate of about 125 interrupts per
The default value at boot time is 25000.
The host adapter cpu clock is
25MHz.
This gives a maximum interrupt rate of about 125 interrupts per
second.
.Pp
Lowering this value will increase the rate in which the host adapter can
@ -106,4 +108,5 @@ Specialix International do not support this device driver in any way.
.Sh AUTHORS
.An Peter Wemm Aq peter@FreeBSD.org
.Sh BUGS
Bound to be many... :-)
Bound to be many...
:-)

27
usr.sbin/sliplogin/sliplogin.8
View file

@ -48,7 +48,8 @@ utility is used to turn the terminal line on standard input (or
.Ar device )
into a Serial Line IP
.Pq Tn SLIP
link to a remote host. To do this, the program
link to a remote host.
To do this, the program
searches the file
.Pa /etc/sliphome/slip.hosts
for an entry matching
@ -89,7 +90,8 @@ will be executed instead if it exists.
The script is invoked with the parameters
.Bl -tag -width slipunit
.It Em slipunit
The unit number of the slip interface assigned to this line. E.g.,
The unit number of the slip interface assigned to this line.
E.g.,
.Sy 0
for
.Sy sl0 .
@ -102,17 +104,21 @@ entry, in order starting with
.Ar loginname .
.El
.Pp
Only the super-user may attach a network interface. The interface is
Only the super-user may attach a network interface.
The interface is
automatically detached when the other end hangs up or the
.Nm
process dies. If the kernel slip
process dies.
If the kernel slip
module has been configured for it, all routes through that interface will
also disappear at the same time. If there is other processing a site
also disappear at the same time.
If there is other processing a site
would like done on hangup, the file
.Pa /etc/sliphome/slip.logout
or
.Pa /etc/sliphome/slip.logout. Ns Ar loginname
is executed if it exists. It is given the same arguments as the login script.
is executed if it exists.
It is given the same arguments as the login script.
.Ss Format of /etc/sliphome/slip.hosts
Comments (lines starting with a `#') and blank lines (or started
with space) are ignored.
@ -138,7 +144,8 @@ and
are the IP host names or addresses of the local and remote ends of the
slip line and
.Em netmask
is the appropriate IP netmask. These arguments are passed
is the appropriate IP netmask.
These arguments are passed
directly to
.Xr ifconfig 8 .
.Em Opt-args
@ -190,7 +197,8 @@ is to create a
.Pa /etc/passwd
entry for each legal, remote slip site with
.Nm
as the shell for that entry. E.g.,
as the shell for that entry.
E.g.,
.Bd -literal
Sfoo:ikhuy6:2010:1:slip line to foo:/tmp:/usr/sbin/sliplogin
.Ed
@ -219,7 +227,8 @@ Note that
.Nm
must be setuid to root and, while not a security hole, moral defectives
can use it to place terminal lines in an unusable state and/or deny
access to legitimate users of a remote slip line. To prevent this,
access to legitimate users of a remote slip line.
To prevent this,
.Nm
is installed as user
.Em root ,

69
usr.sbin/sysinstall/sysinstall.8
View file

@ -72,12 +72,14 @@ of the
library) and install distributions or packages onto new and
existing
.Fx
systems. It also contains some extra intelligence
systems.
It also contains some extra intelligence
for running as a replacement for
.Xr init 8
when it's invoked by the
.Fx
installation boot procedure. It
installation boot procedure.
It
assumes very little in the way of additional utility support and
performs most file system operations by calling the relevant syscalls
(such as
@ -101,7 +103,8 @@ eventually be replaced.
The
.Nm
utility may be either driven interactively through its various internal menus
or run in batch mode, driven by an external script. Such a script may
or run in batch mode, driven by an external script.
Such a script may
be loaded and executed in one of 3 ways:
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Sy "LOAD_CONFIG_FILE"
@ -127,8 +130,9 @@ it then will attempt to load from a DOS or UFS formatted floppy.
Each command line argument is treated as a script directive
when
.Nm
is run in multi-user mode. Execution ends either by explicit request
(e.g. calling the
is run in multi-user mode.
Execution ends either by explicit request
(e.g.\& calling the
.Ar shutdown
directive), upon reaching the end of the argument list or on error.
.Pp
@ -157,14 +161,15 @@ Where
.Ar var=value
is the assignment of some internal
.Nm
variable, e.g. "ftpPass=FuNkYChiKn", and
variable, e.g.\& "ftpPass=FuNkYChiKn", and
.Ar function
is the name of an internal
.Nm
function, e.g. "mediaSetFTP", and
function, e.g.\& "mediaSetFTP", and
.Ar #comment
is a single-line comment for documentation purposes (ignored by
sysinstall). Each directive must be by itself on a single line,
sysinstall).
Each directive must be by itself on a single line,
functions taking their arguments by examining known variable names.
This requires that you be sure to assign the relevant variables before
calling a function which requires them.
@ -253,7 +258,8 @@ Invokes the disk partition (MBR) editor.
.Sy Variables :
.Bl -tag -width findx
.It geometry
The disk geometry, as a cyls/heads/sectors formatted string. Default: no
The disk geometry, as a cyls/heads/sectors formatted string.
Default: no
change to geometry.
.It partition
Set to disk partitioning type or size, its value being
@ -305,13 +311,15 @@ function) to be written out.
.Sy Variables :
None
.It diskLabelEditor
Invokes the disk label editor. This is a bit trickier from a script
Invokes the disk label editor.
This is a bit trickier from a script
since you need to essentially label everything inside each
.Fx
(type 0xA5) partition created by the
.Ar diskPartitionEditor
function, and that requires knowing a few rules about how things are
laid out. When creating a script to automatically allocate disk space
laid out.
When creating a script to automatically allocate disk space
and partition it up, it is suggested that you first perform the
installation interactively at least once and take careful notes as to
what the slice names will be, then and only then hardwiring them into
@ -327,7 +335,8 @@ for the whole
partition
.Ar ( da0s1
being your DOS primary
partition). Now let's further assume that you have 500MB in this
partition).
Now let's further assume that you have 500MB in this
partition and you want to sub-partition that space into root, swap,
var and usr file systems for
.Fx .
@ -350,16 +359,19 @@ the mount point, if non-zero, means to set the soft updates flag).
One can also use the
.Ar diskLabelEditor
for mounting or erasing existing partitions as well as creating new
ones. Using the previous example again, let's say that we also wanted
ones.
Using the previous example again, let's say that we also wanted
to mount our DOS partition and make sure that an
.Pa /etc/fstab
entry is created for it in the new installation. Before calling the
entry is created for it in the new installation.
Before calling the
.Ar diskLabelEditor
function, we simply add an additional line:
.Pp
.Dl "da0s1=/dos_c N"
.Pp
before the call. This tells the label editor that you want to mount
before the call.
This tells the label editor that you want to mount
the first slice on
.Pa /dos_c
and not to attempt to newfs it (not that
@ -392,13 +404,14 @@ Resets all selected distributions to the empty set (no distributions selected).
.Sy Variables :
None
.It distSetCustom
Allows the selection of a custom distribution set (e.g. not just one of the
Allows the selection of a custom distribution set (e.g.\& not just one of the
existing "canned" sets) with no user interaction.
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It dists
List of distributions to load. Possible distribution values are:
List of distributions to load.
Possible distribution values are:
.Bl -tag -width indentxx
.It Li base
The base binary distribution.
@ -655,10 +668,12 @@ Defaults to latest links package.
.It browserBinary
The name of the browser binary itself (if overriding the
.Ar browserPackage
variable). Defaults to links.
variable).
Defaults to links.
.El
.It installCommit
Commit any and all pending changes to disk. This function
Commit any and all pending changes to disk.
This function
is essentially shorthand for a number of more granular "commit"
functions.
.Pp
@ -683,7 +698,8 @@ Start an upgrade installation.
None
.It installFixitHoloShell
Start up the "emergency holographic shell" over on VTY4
if running as init. This will also happen automatically
if running as init.
This will also happen automatically
as part of the installation process unless
.Ar noHoloShell
is set.
@ -741,7 +757,7 @@ Select a pre-made floppy installation set as the installation media.
None
.It mediaSetDOS
Select an existing DOS primary partition as the installation media.
The first primary partition found is used (e.g. C:).
The first primary partition found is used (e.g.\& C:).
.Pp
.Sy Variables :
None
@ -766,7 +782,8 @@ Which host interface to use
.Ar ( ed0
or
.Ar ep0 ,
for example. Non-optional).
for example.
Non-optional).
.It netInteractive
If set, bring up the interactive network setup form even
if all relevant configuration variables are already set (optional).
@ -836,7 +853,8 @@ Which host interface to use
.Ar ( ed0
or
.Ar ep0 ,
for example. Non-optional).
for example.
Non-optional).
.It netInteractive
If set, bring up the interactive network setup form even
if all relevant configuration variables are already set (optional).
@ -887,7 +905,7 @@ that a media type be set),
.Sy Variables :
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It package
The name of the package to add, e.g. bash-1.14.7 or ncftp-2.4.2.
The name of the package to add, e.g.\& bash-1.14.7 or ncftp-2.4.2.
.El
.It addGroup
Invoke the interactive group editor.
@ -911,7 +929,8 @@ Execute an arbitrary command with
.Sy Variables :
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It command
The name of the command to execute. When running
The name of the command to execute.
When running
from a boot floppy, very minimal expectations should
be made as to what's available until/unless a relatively
full system installation has just been done.

29
usr.sbin/syslogd/syslog.conf.5
View file

@ -70,13 +70,13 @@ Note that if you use spaces as separators, your
.Nm
might be incompatible with other Unices or Unix-like systems.
This functionality was added for ease of configuration
(e.g. it is possible to cut-and-paste into
(e.g.\& it is possible to cut-and-paste into
.Nm ) ,
and to avoid possible mistakes.
This change however preserves
backwards compatibility with the old style of
.Nm
(i.e. tab characters only).
(i.e., tab characters only).
.Pp
The
.Em selectors
@ -352,10 +352,12 @@ Selected messages are written to all logged-in users.
A vertical bar
.Pq Dq \&| ,
followed by a command to pipe the selected
messages to. The command is passed to
messages to.
The command is passed to
.Xr sh 1
for evaluation, so usual shell metacharacters or input/output
redirection can occur. (Note however that redirecting
redirection can occur.
(Note however that redirecting
.Xr stdio 3
buffered output from the invoked command can cause additional delays,
or even lost output data in case a logging subprocess exited with a
@ -368,23 +370,28 @@ redirected to
Upon receipt of a
.Dv SIGHUP ,
.Xr syslogd 8
will close the pipe to the process. If the process didn't exit
will close the pipe to the process.
If the process didn't exit
voluntarily, it will be sent a
.Dv SIGTERM
signal after a grace period of up to 60 seconds.
.Pp
The command will only be started once data arrives that should be piped
to it. If it exited later, it will be restarted as necessary. So if it
to it.
If it exited later, it will be restarted as necessary.
So if it
is desired that the subprocess should get exactly one line of input only
(which can be very resource-consuming if there are a lot of messages
flowing quickly), this can be achieved by exiting after just one line of
input. If necessary, a script wrapper can be written to this effect.
input.
If necessary, a script wrapper can be written to this effect.
.Pp
Unless the command is a full pipeline, it's probably useful to
start the command with
.Em exec
so that the invoking shell process does not wait for the command to
complete. Warning: the process is started under the UID invoking
complete.
Warning: the process is started under the UID invoking
.Xr syslogd 8 ,
normally the superuser.
.El
@ -477,9 +484,11 @@ or higher, not at the level of
or higher.
.Pp
In networked environments, note that not all operating systems
implement the same set of facilities. The facilities
implement the same set of facilities.
The facilities
authpriv, cron, ftp, and ntp that are known to this implementation
might be absent on the target system. Even worse, DEC UNIX uses
might be absent on the target system.
Even worse, DEC UNIX uses
facility number 10 (which is authpriv in this implementation) to
log events for their AdvFS file system.
.Sh SEE ALSO

40
usr.sbin/syslogd/syslogd.8
View file

@ -77,7 +77,8 @@ Allow
.Ar allowed_peer
to log to this
.Nm
using UDP datagrams. Multiple
using UDP datagrams.
Multiple
.Fl a
options may be specified.
.Pp
@ -105,11 +106,13 @@ If specified,
.Ar service
is the name or number of an UDP service (see
.Xr services 5 )
the source packet must belong to. A
the source packet must belong to.
A
.Ar service
of
.Ql \&*
allows packets being sent from any UDP port. The default
allows packets being sent from any UDP port.
The default
.Ar service
is
.Ql syslog .
@ -120,7 +123,8 @@ is IPv4 address, a missing
will be substituted by the historic class A or class B netmasks if
.Ar ipaddr
belongs into the address range of class A or B, respectively, or
by 24 otherwise. If
by 24 otherwise.
If
.Ar ipaddr
is IPv6 address, a missing
.Ar masklen
@ -132,7 +136,8 @@ will be substituted by 128.
.Xc
Accept datagrams where the reverse address lookup yields
.Ar domainname
for the sender address. The meaning of
for the sender address.
The meaning of
.Ar service
is as explained above.
.It Xo
@ -165,7 +170,8 @@ If specified twice, disable this compression in all cases.
.It Fl d
Put
.Nm
into debugging mode. This is probably only of use to developers working on
into debugging mode.
This is probably only of use to developers working on
.Nm .
.It Fl f
Specify the pathname of an alternate configuration file;
@ -209,19 +215,24 @@ The primary use for this is to place additional log sockets in
.Pa /var/run/log
of various chroot filespaces.
.It Fl s
Operate in secure mode. Do not log messages from remote machines. If
Operate in secure mode.
Do not log messages from remote machines.
If
specified twice, no network socket will be opened at all, which also
disables logging to remote machines.
.It Fl u
Unique priority logging. Only log messages at the specified priority.
Unique priority logging.
Only log messages at the specified priority.
Without this option, messages at the stated priority or higher are logged.
This option changes the default comparison from
.Dq =>
to
.Dq = .
.It Fl v
Verbose logging. If specified once, the numeric facility and priority are
logged with each locally-written message. If specified more than once,
Verbose logging.
If specified once, the numeric facility and priority are
logged with each locally-written message.
If specified more than once,
the names of the facility and priority are logged with each locally-written
message.
.El
@ -307,9 +318,11 @@ extensions.
.Sh BUGS
The ability to log messages received in UDP packets is equivalent to
an unauthenticated remote disk-filling service, and should probably be
disabled by default. Some sort of
disabled by default.
Some sort of
.No inter- Ns Nm syslogd
authentication mechanism ought to be worked out. To prevent the worst
authentication mechanism ought to be worked out.
To prevent the worst
abuse, use of the
.Fl a
option is therefore highly recommended.
@ -317,7 +330,8 @@ option is therefore highly recommended.
The
.Fl a
matching algorithm doesn't pretend to be very efficient; use of numeric
IP addresses is faster than domain name comparison. Since the allowed
IP addresses is faster than domain name comparison.
Since the allowed
peer list is being walked linearly, peer groups where frequent messages
are being anticipated from should be put early into the
.Fl a

62
usr.sbin/tcpdump/tcpslice/tcpslice.1
View file

@ -46,8 +46,10 @@ The basic operation of
is to copy to
.Pa stdout
all packets from its input file(s) whose timestamps fall
within a given range. The starting and ending times of the range
may be specified on the command line. All ranges are inclusive.
within a given range.
The starting and ending times of the range
may be specified on the command line.
All ranges are inclusive.
The starting time defaults
to the time of the first packet in the first input file; we call
this the
@ -63,7 +65,8 @@ to
(assuming the file does not include more than
ten years' worth of data).
.Pp
There are a number of ways to specify times. The first is using
There are a number of ways to specify times.
The first is using
Unix timestamps of the form
.Em sssssssss.uuuuuu
(this is the format specified by
@ -73,7 +76,7 @@ flag).
For example,
.Em 654321098.7654
specifies 38 seconds and 765,400 microseconds
after 8:51PM PDT, Sept. 25, 1990.
after 8:51PM PDT, Sept.\& 25, 1990.
.Pp
All examples in this manual are given
for PDT times, but when displaying times and interpreting times symbolically
@ -81,8 +84,10 @@ as discussed below,
.Nm
uses the local timezone, regardless of the timezone in which the
.Xr tcpdump 1
file was generated. The daylight-savings setting used is that which is
appropriate for the local timezone at the date in question. For example,
file was generated.
The daylight-savings setting used is that which is
appropriate for the local timezone at the date in question.
For example,
times associated with summer months will usually include daylight-savings
effects, and those with winter months will not.
.Pp
@ -104,13 +109,15 @@ through 500 seconds after the
.Em first time .
.Pp
Times may also be specified in terms of years (y), months (m), days (d),
hours (h), minutes (m), seconds (s), and microseconds(u). For example,
hours (h), minutes (m), seconds (s), and microseconds(u).
For example,
the Unix timestamp 654321098.7654 discussed above could also be expressed
as
.Em 90y9m25d20h51m38s765400u .
.Pp
When specifying times using this style, fields that are omitted default
as follows. If the omitted field is a unit
as follows.
If the omitted field is a unit
.Em greater
than that of the first specified field, then its value defaults to
the corresponding value taken from either
@ -123,7 +130,8 @@ than that of the first specified field, then it defaults to zero.
For example, suppose that the input file has a
.Em first time
of the Unix timestamp mentioned above, i.e., 38 seconds and 765,400 microseconds
after 8:51PM PDT, Sept. 25, 1990. To specify 9:36PM PDT (exactly) on the
after 8:51PM PDT, Sept.\& 25, 1990.
To specify 9:36PM PDT (exactly) on the
same date we could use
.Em 21h36m .
To specify a range from 9:36PM PDT through 1:54AM PDT the next day we
@ -132,21 +140,24 @@ could use
.Pp
Relative times can also be specified when using the
.Em ymdhmsu
format. Omitted fields then default to 0 if the unit of the field is
format.
Omitted fields then default to 0 if the unit of the field is
.Em greater
than that of the first specified field, and to the corresponding value
taken from either the
.Em first time
or the starting time if the omitted field's unit is
.Em less
than that of the first specified field. Given a
than that of the first specified field.
Given a
.Em first time
of the Unix timestamp mentioned above,
.Em 22h +1h10m
specifies a range from 10:00PM PDT on that date through 11:10PM PDT, and
.Em +1h +1h10m
specifies a range from 38.7654 seconds after 9:51PM PDT through 38.7654
seconds after 11:01PM PDT. The first hour of the file could be extracted
seconds after 11:01PM PDT.
The first hour of the file could be extracted
using
.Em +0 +1h .
.Pp
@ -154,7 +165,8 @@ Note that with the
.Em ymdhmsu
format there is an ambiguity between using
.Em m
for `month' or for `minute'. The ambiguity is resolved as follows: if an
for `month' or for `minute'.
The ambiguity is resolved as follows: if an
.Em m
field is followed by a
.Em d
@ -166,11 +178,14 @@ If more than one input file is specified then
first copies packets lying in the given range from the first file; it
then increases the starting time of the range to lie just beyond the
timestamp of the last packet in the first file, repeats the process
with the second file, and so on. Thus files with interleaved packets
with the second file, and so on.
Thus files with interleaved packets
are
.Em not
merged. For a given file, only packets that are newer than any in the
preceding files will be considered. This mechanism avoids any possibility
merged.
For a given file, only packets that are newer than any in the
preceding files will be considered.
This mechanism avoids any possibility
of a packet occurring more than once in the output.
.Sh OPTIONS
If any of
@ -181,14 +196,17 @@ or
are specified then
.Nm
reports the timestamps of the first and last packets in each input file
and exits. Only one of these three options may be specified.
and exits.
Only one of these three options may be specified.
.Pp
The following options are available:
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It Fl d
Dump the start and end times specified by the given range and
exit. This option is useful for checking that the given range actually
specifies the times you think it does. If one of
exit.
This option is useful for checking that the given range actually
specifies the times you think it does.
If one of
.Fl R ,
.Fl r
or
@ -228,7 +246,8 @@ rather than
of Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA.
.Sh BUGS
An input filename that beings with a digit or a `+' can be confused
with a start/end time. Such filenames can be specified with a
with a start/end time.
Such filenames can be specified with a
leading `./'; for example, specify the file `04Jul76.trace' as
`./04Jul76.trace'.
.Pp
@ -260,7 +279,8 @@ files spanning more than one year;
with files containing portions of packets whose original length was
more than 65,535 bytes; nor with files containing fewer than three packets.
Such files result in
the error message: `couldn't find final packet in file'. These problems
the error message: `couldn't find final packet in file'.
These problems
are due to the interpolation scheme used by
.Nm
to greatly speed up its processing when dealing with large trace files.

3
usr.sbin/timed/timedc/timedc.8
View file

@ -67,7 +67,8 @@ will prompt for commands from the standard input.
If arguments are supplied,
.Nm
interprets the first argument as a command and the remaining
arguments as parameters to the command. The standard input
arguments as parameters to the command.
The standard input
may be redirected causing
.Nm
to read commands from a file.

6
usr.sbin/tzsetup/tzsetup.8
View file

@ -38,7 +38,8 @@ The
.Nm
utility reads a database of timezone information and presents a menu
allowing the user to select a specific zone without knowing the details
of the database layout. The selected zone is installed as the system
of the database layout.
The selected zone is installed as the system
default zone.
The
.Nm
@ -78,7 +79,8 @@ beginning of the
epoch (January 1, 1970,
.Tn GMT ) .
.It
Each zone is named for the most populous city therein. (Where possible,
Each zone is named for the most populous city therein.
(Where possible,
the database includes pre-1970 history for its city.)
.El
The source code to the database

4
usr.sbin/ugidfw/ugidfw.8
View file

@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ Rule number.
Entries with a lower rule number
are applied first;
placing the most frequently-matched rules at the beginning of the list
(i.e. lower-numbered)
(i.e., lower-numbered)
will yield a slight performance increase.
.It Xo
.Cm subject
@ -205,6 +205,6 @@ utility first appeared in
This software was contributed to the
.Fx
Project by NAI Labs, the Security Research Division of Network Associates
Inc. under DARPA/SPAWAR contract N66001-01-C-8035
Inc.\& under DARPA/SPAWAR contract N66001-01-C-8035
.Pq Dq CBOSS ,
as part of the DARPA CHATS research program.

5
usr.sbin/usbd/usbd.8
View file

@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ It does two things.
Through opening the
.Pa /dev/usb0 ,
.Pa /dev/usb1 ,
etc. devices, it enables the kernel to handle change requests from
etc.\& devices, it enables the kernel to handle change requests from
attached hubs.
This functionality will be removed when the kernel has
kernel threads.
@ -114,7 +114,8 @@ Do not handle the event queue on /dev/usb.
.It Fl t Ar timeout
Set the timeout interval (in seconds) before an exploration happens
without being triggered by a connect or disconnect.
A timeout of 0 means that there is no timeout. The default is 30.
A timeout of 0 means that there is no timeout.
The default is 30.
.It Fl v
Be verbose.
Repeating the flag makes

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