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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<sect1 id= "Geometry_Outputs" >
<title > Geometry Outputs</title>
<refentry id= "ST_AsBinary" >
<refnamediv >
<refname > ST_AsBinary</refname>
<refpurpose > Return the Well-Known Binary (WKB) representation of the geometry/geography without SRID meta data.</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv >
<funcsynopsis >
<funcprototype >
<funcdef > bytea <function > ST_AsBinary</function> </funcdef>
<paramdef > <type > geometry </type> <parameter > g1</parameter> </paramdef>
</funcprototype>
<funcprototype >
<funcdef > bytea <function > ST_AsBinary</function> </funcdef>
<paramdef > <type > geography </type> <parameter > g1</parameter> </paramdef>
</funcprototype>
<funcprototype >
<funcdef > bytea <function > ST_AsBinary</function> </funcdef>
<paramdef > <type > geometry </type> <parameter > g1</parameter> </paramdef>
<paramdef > <type > text </type> <parameter > NDR_or_XDR</parameter> </paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsection >
<title > Description</title>
<para > Returns the Well-Known Binary representation of the geometry. There are 2 variants of the function. The first
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variant takes no endian encoding parameter and defaults to little endian. The second variant takes a second argument
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denoting the encoding - using little-endian ('NDR') or big-endian ('XDR') encoding.</para>
<para > This is useful in binary cursors to pull data out of the
database without converting it to a string representation.</para>
<note >
<para > The WKB spec does not include the SRID. To get the OGC WKB with SRID format use ST_AsEWKB</para>
</note>
<note >
<para > ST_AsBinary is the reverse of <xref linkend= "ST_GeomFromWKB" /> for geometry. Use <xref linkend= "ST_GeomFromWKB" /> to convert to a postgis geometry from ST_AsBinary representation.</para>
</note>
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<note >
<para > The default behavior in PostgreSQL 9.0 has been changed to output bytea in hex encoding. ST_AsBinary is the reverse of <xref linkend= "ST_GeomFromWKB" /> for geometry. If your GUI tools
require the old behavior, then SET bytea_output='escape' in your database.</para>
</note>
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<para > Enhanced: 2.0.0 support for Polyhedral surfaces, Triangles and TIN was introduced.</para>
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<para > Availability: 1.5.0 geography support was introduced.</para>
<para > &sfs_compliant; s2.1.1.1</para>
<para > &sqlmm_compliant; SQL-MM 3: 5.1.37</para>
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<para > &curve_support; </para>
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<para > &P_support; </para>
<para > &T_support; </para>
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</refsection>
<refsection >
<title > Examples</title>
<programlisting > SELECT ST_AsBinary(ST_GeomFromText('POLYGON((0 0,0 1,1 1,1 0,0 0))',4326));
st_asbinary
--------------------------------
\001\003\000\000\000\001\000\000\000\005
\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000
\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000
\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000
\000\000\000\360?\000\000\000\000\000\000
\360?\000\000\000\000\000\000\360?\000\000
\000\000\000\000\360?\000\000\000\000\000
\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000
\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000
(1 row)</programlisting>
<programlisting > SELECT ST_AsBinary(ST_GeomFromText('POLYGON((0 0,0 1,1 1,1 0,0 0))',4326), 'XDR');
st_asbinary
--------------------------------
\000\000\000\000\003\000\000\000\001\000\000\000\005\000\000\000\000\000
\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000
\000?\360\000\000\000\000\000\000?\360\000\000\000\000\000\000?\360\000\000
\000\000\000\000?\360\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000
\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000
(1 row)</programlisting>
</refsection>
<!-- Optionally add a "See Also" section -->
<refsection >
<title > See Also</title>
<para > <xref linkend= "ST_AsEWKB" /> , <xref linkend= "ST_AsEWKT" /> , <xref linkend= "ST_AsText" /> , <xref linkend= "ST_GeomFromEWKB" /> </para>
</refsection>
</refentry>
<refentry id= "ST_AsEWKB" >
<refnamediv >
<refname > ST_AsEWKB</refname>
<refpurpose > Return the Well-Known Binary (WKB) representation of the geometry with SRID meta data.</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv >
<funcsynopsis >
<funcprototype >
<funcdef > bytea <function > ST_AsEWKB</function> </funcdef>
<paramdef > <type > geometry </type> <parameter > g1</parameter> </paramdef>
</funcprototype>
<funcprototype >
<funcdef > bytea <function > ST_AsEWKB</function> </funcdef>
<paramdef > <type > geometry </type> <parameter > g1</parameter> </paramdef>
<paramdef > <type > text </type> <parameter > NDR_or_XDR</parameter> </paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsection >
<title > Description</title>
<para > Returns the Well-Known Binary representation of the geometry with SRID metadata. There are 2 variants of the function. The first
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variant takes no endian encoding parameter and defaults to little endian. The second variant takes a second argument
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denoting the encoding - using little-endian ('NDR') or big-endian ('XDR') encoding.</para>
<para > This is useful in binary cursors to pull data out of the
database without converting it to a string representation.</para>
<note >
<para > The WKB spec does not include the SRID. To get the OGC WKB format use ST_AsBinary</para>
</note>
<note >
<para > ST_AsEWKB is the reverse of ST_GeomFromEWKB. Use ST_GeomFromEWKB to convert to a postgis geometry from ST_AsEWKB representation.</para>
</note>
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<para > Enhanced: 2.0.0 support for Polyhedral surfaces, Triangles and TIN was introduced.</para>
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<para > &Z_support; </para>
<para > &curve_support; </para>
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<para > &P_support; </para>
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<para > &T_support; </para>
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</refsection>
<refsection >
<title > Examples</title>
<programlisting > SELECT ST_AsEWKB(ST_GeomFromText('POLYGON((0 0,0 1,1 1,1 0,0 0))',4326));
st_asewkb
--------------------------------
\001\003\000\000 \346\020\000\000\001\000
\000\000\005\000\000\000\000
\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000
\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000
\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000
\000\000\360?\000\000\000\000\000\000\360?
\000\000\000\000\000\000\360?\000\000\000\000\000
\000\360?\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000
\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000
(1 row)</programlisting>
<programlisting >
SELECT ST_AsEWKB(ST_GeomFromText('POLYGON((0 0,0 1,1 1,1 0,0 0))',4326), 'XDR');
st_asewkb
--------------------------------
\000 \000\000\003\000\000\020\346\000\000\000\001\000\000\000\005\000\000\000\000\
000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000?
\360\000\000\000\000\000\000?\360\000\000\000\000\000\000?\360\000\000\000\000
\000\000?\360\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000
\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000
</programlisting>
</refsection>
<!-- Optionally add a "See Also" section -->
<refsection >
<title > See Also</title>
<para > <xref linkend= "ST_AsBinary" /> , <xref linkend= "ST_AsEWKT" /> , <xref linkend= "ST_AsText" /> , <xref linkend= "ST_GeomFromEWKT" /> , <xref linkend= "ST_SRID" /> </para>
</refsection>
</refentry>
<refentry id= "ST_AsEWKT" >
<refnamediv >
<refname > ST_AsEWKT</refname>
<refpurpose > Return the Well-Known Text (WKT) representation of the geometry with SRID meta data.</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv >
<funcsynopsis >
<funcprototype >
<funcdef > text <function > ST_AsEWKT</function> </funcdef>
<paramdef > <type > geometry </type> <parameter > g1</parameter> </paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsection >
<title > Description</title>
<para > Returns the Well-Known Text representation of the geometry prefixed with the SRID.</para>
<note >
<para > The WKT spec does not include the SRID. To get the OGC WKT format use ST_AsText</para>
</note>
<para > <inlinegraphic fileref= "images/warning.png" />
WKT format does not maintain precision so to prevent floating truncation, use ST_AsBinary or ST_AsEWKB format for transport.
</para>
<note >
<para > ST_AsEWKT is the reverse of <xref linkend= "ST_GeomFromEWKT" /> . Use <xref linkend= "ST_GeomFromEWKT" /> to convert to a postgis geometry from ST_AsEWKT representation.</para>
</note>
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<para > Enhanced: 2.0.0 support for Polyhedral surfaces, Triangles and TIN was introduced.</para>
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<para > &Z_support; </para>
<para > &curve_support; </para>
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<para > &P_support; </para>
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<para > &T_support; </para>
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</refsection>
<refsection >
<title > Examples</title>
<programlisting > SELECT ST_AsEWKT('0103000020E61000000100000005000000000000
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
F03F000000000000F03F000000000000F03F000000000000F03
F000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000'::geometry);
st_asewkt
--------------------------------
SRID=4326;POLYGON((0 0,0 1,1 1,1 0,0 0))
(1 row)
SELECT ST_AsEWKT('0108000080030000000000000060E30A4100000000785C0241000000000000F03F0000000018
E20A4100000000485F024100000000000000400000000018
E20A4100000000305C02410000000000000840')
--st_asewkt---
CIRCULARSTRING(220268 150415 1,220227 150505 2,220227 150406 3)
</programlisting>
</refsection>
<!-- Optionally add a "See Also" section -->
<refsection >
<title > See Also</title>
<para > <xref linkend= "ST_AsBinary" /> <xref linkend= "ST_AsEWKB" /> <xref linkend= "ST_AsText" /> , <xref linkend= "ST_GeomFromEWKT" /> </para>
</refsection>
</refentry>
<refentry id= "ST_AsGeoJSON" >
<refnamediv >
<refname > ST_AsGeoJSON</refname>
<refpurpose > Return the geometry as a GeoJSON element.</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv >
<funcsynopsis >
<funcprototype >
<funcdef > text <function > ST_AsGeoJSON</function> </funcdef>
<paramdef > <type > geometry </type> <parameter > g1</parameter> </paramdef>
</funcprototype>
<funcprototype >
<funcdef > text <function > ST_AsGeoJSON</function> </funcdef>
<paramdef > <type > geography </type> <parameter > g1</parameter> </paramdef>
</funcprototype>
<funcprototype >
<funcdef > text <function > ST_AsGeoJSON</function> </funcdef>
<paramdef > <type > geometry </type> <parameter > g1</parameter> </paramdef>
<paramdef > <type > integer </type> <parameter > max_decimal_digits</parameter> </paramdef>
</funcprototype>
<funcprototype >
<funcdef > text <function > ST_AsGeoJSON</function> </funcdef>
<paramdef > <type > geography </type> <parameter > g1</parameter> </paramdef>
<paramdef > <type > integer </type> <parameter > max_decimal_digits</parameter> </paramdef>
</funcprototype>
<funcprototype >
<funcdef > text <function > ST_AsGeoJSON</function> </funcdef>
<paramdef > <type > geometry </type> <parameter > g1</parameter> </paramdef>
<paramdef > <type > integer </type> <parameter > max_decimal_digits</parameter> </paramdef>
<paramdef > <type > integer </type> <parameter > options</parameter> </paramdef>
</funcprototype>
<funcprototype >
<funcdef > text <function > ST_AsGeoJSON</function> </funcdef>
<paramdef > <type > geography </type> <parameter > g1</parameter> </paramdef>
<paramdef > <type > integer </type> <parameter > max_decimal_digits</parameter> </paramdef>
<paramdef > <type > integer </type> <parameter > options</parameter> </paramdef>
</funcprototype>
<funcprototype >
<funcdef > text <function > ST_AsGeoJSON</function> </funcdef>
<paramdef > <type > integer </type> <parameter > version</parameter> </paramdef>
<paramdef > <type > geometry </type> <parameter > g1</parameter> </paramdef>
</funcprototype>
<funcprototype >
<funcdef > text <function > ST_AsGeoJSON</function> </funcdef>
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<paramdef > <type > integer </type> <parameter > gj_version</parameter> </paramdef>
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<paramdef > <type > geography </type> <parameter > g1</parameter> </paramdef>
</funcprototype>
<funcprototype >
<funcdef > text <function > ST_AsGeoJSON</function> </funcdef>
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<paramdef > <type > integer </type> <parameter > gj_version</parameter> </paramdef>
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<paramdef > <type > geometry </type> <parameter > g1</parameter> </paramdef>
<paramdef > <type > integer </type> <parameter > max_decimal_digits</parameter> </paramdef>
</funcprototype>
<funcprototype >
<funcdef > text <function > ST_AsGeoJSON</function> </funcdef>
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<paramdef > <type > integer </type> <parameter > gj_version</parameter> </paramdef>
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<paramdef > <type > geography </type> <parameter > g1</parameter> </paramdef>
<paramdef > <type > integer </type> <parameter > max_decimal_digits</parameter> </paramdef>
</funcprototype>
<funcprototype >
<funcdef > text <function > ST_AsGeoJSON</function> </funcdef>
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<paramdef > <type > integer </type> <parameter > gj_version</parameter> </paramdef>
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<paramdef > <type > geometry </type> <parameter > g1</parameter> </paramdef>
<paramdef > <type > integer </type> <parameter > max_decimal_digits</parameter> </paramdef>
<paramdef > <type > integer </type> <parameter > options</parameter> </paramdef>
</funcprototype>
<funcprototype >
<funcdef > text <function > ST_AsGeoJSON</function> </funcdef>
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<paramdef > <type > integer </type> <parameter > gj_version</parameter> </paramdef>
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<paramdef > <type > geography </type> <parameter > g1</parameter> </paramdef>
<paramdef > <type > integer </type> <parameter > max_decimal_digits</parameter> </paramdef>
<paramdef > <type > integer </type> <parameter > options</parameter> </paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsection >
<title > Description</title>
<para > Return the geometry as a Geometry Javascript Object Notation (GeoJSON) element. (Cf <ulink
url="http://geojson.org/geojson-spec.html">GeoJSON
specifications 1.0</ulink> ). 2D and 3D Geometries are both
supported. GeoJSON only support SFS 1.1 geometry type (no curve
support for example).</para>
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<para > The gj_version parameter is the major version of the GeoJSON spec. If specified, must be 1. This represents the spec version of GeoJSON.</para>
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<para > The third argument may be used to reduce the maximum number
of decimal places used in output (defaults to 15).</para>
<para > The last 'options' argument could be used to add Bbox or Crs
in GeoJSON output:
<itemizedlist >
<listitem >
<para > 0: means no option (default value)</para>
</listitem>
<listitem >
<para > 1: GeoJSON Bbox</para>
</listitem>
<listitem >
<para > 2: GeoJSON Short CRS (e.g EPSG:4326)</para>
</listitem>
<listitem >
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<para > 4: GeoJSON Long CRS (e.g urn:ogc:def:crs:EPSG::4326)</para>
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</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
<para > Version 1: ST_AsGeoJSON(geom) / precision=15 version=1 options=0</para>
<para > Version 2: ST_AsGeoJSON(geom, precision) / version=1 options=0</para>
<para > Version 3: ST_AsGeoJSON(geom, precision, options) / version=1</para>
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<para > Version 4: ST_AsGeoJSON(gj_version, geom) / precision=15 options=0</para>
<para > Version 5: ST_AsGeoJSON(gj_version, geom, precision) /options=0</para>
<para > Version 6: ST_AsGeoJSON(gj_version, geom, precision,options)</para>
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<para > Availability: 1.3.4</para>
<para > Availability: 1.5.0 geography support was introduced.</para>
<para > &Z_support; </para>
</refsection>
<refsection >
<title > Examples</title>
<para > GeoJSON format is generally more efficient than other formats for use in ajax mapping.
One popular javascript client that supports this is Open Layers.
Example of its use is <ulink
url="http://openlayers.org/dev/examples/vector-formats.html">OpenLayers GeoJSON Example</ulink>
</para>
<programlisting > SELECT ST_AsGeoJSON(the_geom) from fe_edges limit 1;
st_asgeojson
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
{"type":"MultiLineString","coordinates":[[[-89.734634999999997,31.492072000000000],
[-89.734955999999997,31.492237999999997]]]}
(1 row)
--3d point
SELECT ST_AsGeoJSON('LINESTRING(1 2 3, 4 5 6)');
st_asgeojson
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
{"type":"LineString","coordinates":[[1,2,3],[4,5,6]]}
</programlisting>
</refsection>
</refentry>
<refentry id= "ST_AsGML" >
<refnamediv >
<refname > ST_AsGML</refname>
<refpurpose > Return the geometry as a GML version 2 or 3 element.</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv >
<funcsynopsis >
<funcprototype >
<funcdef > text <function > ST_AsGML</function> </funcdef>
<paramdef > <type > geometry </type> <parameter > g1</parameter> </paramdef>
</funcprototype>
<funcprototype >
<funcdef > text <function > ST_AsGML</function> </funcdef>
<paramdef > <type > geography </type> <parameter > g1</parameter> </paramdef>
</funcprototype>
<funcprototype >
<funcdef > text <function > ST_AsGML</function> </funcdef>
<paramdef > <type > geometry </type> <parameter > g1</parameter> </paramdef>
<paramdef > <type > integer </type> <parameter > precision</parameter> </paramdef>
</funcprototype>
<funcprototype >
<funcdef > text <function > ST_AsGML</function> </funcdef>
<paramdef > <type > geography </type> <parameter > g1</parameter> </paramdef>
<paramdef > <type > integer </type> <parameter > precision</parameter> </paramdef>
</funcprototype>
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<funcprototype >
<funcdef > text <function > ST_AsGML</function> </funcdef>
<paramdef > <type > geometry </type> <parameter > g1</parameter> </paramdef>
<paramdef > <type > integer </type> <parameter > precision</parameter> </paramdef>
<paramdef > <type > integer </type> <parameter > options</parameter> </paramdef>
</funcprototype>
<funcprototype >
<funcdef > text <function > ST_AsGML</function> </funcdef>
<paramdef > <type > geography </type> <parameter > g1</parameter> </paramdef>
<paramdef > <type > integer </type> <parameter > precision</parameter> </paramdef>
<paramdef > <type > integer </type> <parameter > options</parameter> </paramdef>
</funcprototype>
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<funcprototype >
<funcdef > text <function > ST_AsGML</function> </funcdef>
<paramdef > <type > integer </type> <parameter > version</parameter> </paramdef>
<paramdef > <type > geometry </type> <parameter > g1</parameter> </paramdef>
</funcprototype>
<funcprototype >
<funcdef > text <function > ST_AsGML</function> </funcdef>
<paramdef > <type > integer </type> <parameter > version</parameter> </paramdef>
<paramdef > <type > geography </type> <parameter > g1</parameter> </paramdef>
</funcprototype>
<funcprototype >
<funcdef > text <function > ST_AsGML</function> </funcdef>
<paramdef > <type > integer </type> <parameter > version</parameter> </paramdef>
<paramdef > <type > geometry </type> <parameter > g1</parameter> </paramdef>
<paramdef > <type > integer </type> <parameter > precision</parameter> </paramdef>
</funcprototype>
<funcprototype >
<funcdef > text <function > ST_AsGML</function> </funcdef>
<paramdef > <type > integer </type> <parameter > version</parameter> </paramdef>
<paramdef > <type > geography </type> <parameter > g1</parameter> </paramdef>
<paramdef > <type > integer </type> <parameter > precision</parameter> </paramdef>
</funcprototype>
<funcprototype >
<funcdef > text <function > ST_AsGML</function> </funcdef>
<paramdef > <type > integer </type> <parameter > version</parameter> </paramdef>
<paramdef > <type > geometry </type> <parameter > g1</parameter> </paramdef>
<paramdef > <type > integer </type> <parameter > precision</parameter> </paramdef>
<paramdef > <type > integer </type> <parameter > options</parameter> </paramdef>
</funcprototype>
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<funcprototype >
<funcdef > text <function > ST_AsGML</function> </funcdef>
<paramdef > <type > integer </type> <parameter > version</parameter> </paramdef>
<paramdef > <type > geometry </type> <parameter > g1</parameter> </paramdef>
<paramdef > <type > integer </type> <parameter > precision</parameter> </paramdef>
<paramdef > <type > integer </type> <parameter > options</parameter> </paramdef>
<paramdef > <type > text </type> <parameter > namespace prefix</parameter> </paramdef>
</funcprototype>
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<funcprototype >
<funcdef > text <function > ST_AsGML</function> </funcdef>
<paramdef > <type > integer </type> <parameter > version</parameter> </paramdef>
<paramdef > <type > geography </type> <parameter > g1</parameter> </paramdef>
<paramdef > <type > integer </type> <parameter > precision</parameter> </paramdef>
<paramdef > <type > integer </type> <parameter > options</parameter> </paramdef>
</funcprototype>
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<funcprototype >
<funcdef > text <function > ST_AsGML</function> </funcdef>
<paramdef > <type > integer </type> <parameter > version</parameter> </paramdef>
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<paramdef > <type > geography </type> <parameter > g1</parameter> </paramdef>
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<paramdef > <type > integer </type> <parameter > precision</parameter> </paramdef>
<paramdef > <type > integer </type> <parameter > options</parameter> </paramdef>
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</funcprototype>
<funcprototype >
<funcdef > text <function > ST_AsGML</function> </funcdef>
<paramdef > <type > integer </type> <parameter > version</parameter> </paramdef>
<paramdef > <type > geography </type> <parameter > g1</parameter> </paramdef>
<paramdef > <type > integer </type> <parameter > precision</parameter> </paramdef>
<paramdef > <type > integer </type> <parameter > options</parameter> </paramdef>
<paramdef > <type > text </type> <parameter > namespace prefix</parameter> </paramdef>
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</funcprototype>
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</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsection >
<title > Description</title>
<para > Return the geometry as a Geography Markup Language (GML) element. The version parameter,
if specified, may be either 2 or 3. If no version parameter is
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specified then the default is assumed to be 2. The precision argument
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may be used to reduce the maximum number of decimal places
used in output (defaults to 15).</para>
<para > GML 2 refer to 2.1.2 version, GML 3 to 3.1.1 version</para>
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<para > The 'options' argument is a bitfield. It could be used to define CRS output type
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in GML output, and to declare data as lat/lon:
<itemizedlist >
<listitem >
<para > 0: GML Short CRS (e.g EPSG:4326), default value</para>
</listitem>
<listitem >
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<para > 1: GML Long CRS (e.g urn:ogc:def:crs:EPSG::4326)</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem >
<para > 2: For GML 3 only, remove srsDimension attribute from output.</para>
</listitem>
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<listitem >
<para > 16: Declare that datas are lat/lon (e.g srid=4326). Default is to assume that data are planars. This option is usefull for GML 3.1.1 output only, related to axis order.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
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<para > The 'namespace prefix' argument may be used to specify a custom
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namespace prefix or no prefix (if empty). If null or omitted 'gml' prefix is used</para>
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<para > Availability: 1.3.2</para>
<para > Availability: 1.5.0 geography support was introduced.</para>
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<para > Enhanced: 2.0.0 prefix support was introduced. Support for Polyhedral surfaces was introduced.</para>
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<note > <para > Only version 3 of ST_AsGML supports Polyhedral Surfaces.</para> </note>
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<para > &Z_support; </para>
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<para > &P_support; </para>
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</refsection>
<refsection >
<title > Examples</title>
<programlisting > < ![CDATA[SELECT ST_AsGML(ST_GeomFromText('POLYGON((0 0,0 1,1 1,1 0,0 0))',4326));
st_asgml
--------
<gml:Polygon srsName= "EPSG:4326" > <gml:outerBoundaryIs > <gml:LinearRing > <gml:coordinates > 0,0 0,1 1,1 1,0 0,0</gml:coordinates> </gml:LinearRing> </gml:outerBoundaryIs> </gml:Polygon> ]]>
</programlisting>
<programlisting > < ![CDATA[SELECT ST_AsGML(3, ST_GeomFromText('POINT(5.234234233242 6.34534534534)',4326), 5, 17);
st_asgml
--------
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<gml:Point srsName= "urn:ogc:def:crs:EPSG::4326" > <gml:pos > 6.34535 5.23423</gml:pos> </gml:Point> ]]>
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</programlisting>
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<programlisting > -- Polyhedral Example --
SELECT ST_AsGML(3, ST_GeomFromEWKT('POLYHEDRALSURFACE( ((0 0 0, 0 0 1, 0 1 1, 0 1 0, 0 0 0)),
((0 0 0, 0 1 0, 1 1 0, 1 0 0, 0 0 0)), ((0 0 0, 1 0 0, 1 0 1, 0 0 1, 0 0 0)),
((1 1 0, 1 1 1, 1 0 1, 1 0 0, 1 1 0)),
((0 1 0, 0 1 1, 1 1 1, 1 1 0, 0 1 0)), ((0 0 1, 1 0 1, 1 1 1, 0 1 1, 0 0 1)) )'));
st_asgml
--------
<![CDATA[ <gml:PolyhedralSurface>
<gml:polygonPatches >
<gml:PolygonPatch >
<gml:exterior >
<gml:LinearRing >
<gml:posList srsDimension= "3" > 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0</gml:posList>
</gml:LinearRing>
</gml:exterior>
</gml:PolygonPatch>
<gml:PolygonPatch >
<gml:exterior >
<gml:LinearRing >
<gml:posList srsDimension= "3" > 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0</gml:posList>
</gml:LinearRing>
</gml:exterior>
</gml:PolygonPatch>
<gml:PolygonPatch >
<gml:exterior >
<gml:LinearRing >
<gml:posList srsDimension= "3" > 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0</gml:posList>
</gml:LinearRing>
</gml:exterior>
</gml:PolygonPatch>
<gml:PolygonPatch >
<gml:exterior >
<gml:LinearRing >
<gml:posList srsDimension= "3" > 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0</gml:posList>
</gml:LinearRing>
</gml:exterior>
</gml:PolygonPatch>
<gml:PolygonPatch >
<gml:exterior >
<gml:LinearRing >
<gml:posList srsDimension= "3" > 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0</gml:posList>
</gml:LinearRing>
</gml:exterior>
</gml:PolygonPatch>
<gml:PolygonPatch >
<gml:exterior >
<gml:LinearRing >
<gml:posList srsDimension= "3" > 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1</gml:posList>
</gml:LinearRing>
</gml:exterior>
</gml:PolygonPatch>
</gml:polygonPatches>
</gml:PolyhedralSurface> ]]>
</programlisting>
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</refsection>
<refsection >
<title > See Also</title>
<para > <xref linkend= "ST_GeomFromGML" /> </para>
</refsection>
</refentry>
<refentry id= "ST_AsHEXEWKB" >
<refnamediv >
<refname > ST_AsHEXEWKB</refname>
<refpurpose > Returns a Geometry in HEXEWKB format (as text) using either
little-endian (NDR) or big-endian (XDR) encoding.</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv >
<funcsynopsis >
<funcprototype >
<funcdef > text <function > ST_AsHEXEWKB</function> </funcdef>
<paramdef > <type > geometry </type> <parameter > g1</parameter> </paramdef>
<paramdef > <type > text </type> <parameter > NDRorXDR</parameter> </paramdef>
</funcprototype>
<funcprototype >
<funcdef > text <function > ST_AsHEXEWKB</function> </funcdef>
<paramdef > <type > geometry </type> <parameter > g1</parameter> </paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsection >
<title > Description</title>
<para > Returns a Geometry in HEXEWKB format (as text) using either
little-endian (NDR) or big-endian (XDR) encoding. If no encoding is specified, then NDR is used.</para>
<note >
<para > Availability: 1.2.2</para>
</note>
<para > &Z_support; </para>
<para > &curve_support; </para>
</refsection>
<refsection >
<title > Examples</title>
<programlisting > SELECT ST_AsHEXEWKB(ST_GeomFromText('POLYGON((0 0,0 1,1 1,1 0,0 0))',4326));
which gives same answer as
SELECT ST_GeomFromText('POLYGON((0 0,0 1,1 1,1 0,0 0))',4326)::text;
st_ashexewkb
--------
0103000020E6100000010000000500
00000000000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000000000F03F
000000000000F03F000000000000F03F000000000000F03
F000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000</programlisting>
</refsection>
</refentry>
<refentry id= "ST_AsKML" >
<refnamediv >
<refname > ST_AsKML</refname>
<refpurpose > Return the geometry as a KML element. Several variants. Default version=2, default precision=15</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv >
<funcsynopsis >
<funcprototype >
<funcdef > text <function > ST_AsKML</function> </funcdef>
<paramdef > <type > geometry </type> <parameter > g1</parameter> </paramdef>
</funcprototype>
<funcprototype >
<funcdef > text <function > ST_AsKML</function> </funcdef>
<paramdef > <type > geography </type> <parameter > g1</parameter> </paramdef>
</funcprototype>
<funcprototype >
<funcdef > text <function > ST_AsKML</function> </funcdef>
<paramdef > <type > geometry </type> <parameter > g1</parameter> </paramdef>
<paramdef > <type > integer </type> <parameter > precision</parameter> </paramdef>
</funcprototype>
<funcprototype >
<funcdef > text <function > ST_AsKML</function> </funcdef>
<paramdef > <type > geography </type> <parameter > g1</parameter> </paramdef>
<paramdef > <type > integer </type> <parameter > precision</parameter> </paramdef>
</funcprototype>
<funcprototype >
<funcdef > text <function > ST_AsKML</function> </funcdef>
<paramdef > <type > integer </type> <parameter > version</parameter> </paramdef>
<paramdef > <type > geometry </type> <parameter > geom1</parameter> </paramdef>
</funcprototype>
<funcprototype >
<funcdef > text <function > ST_AsKML</function> </funcdef>
<paramdef > <type > integer </type> <parameter > version</parameter> </paramdef>
<paramdef > <type > geography </type> <parameter > geom1</parameter> </paramdef>
</funcprototype>
<funcprototype >
<funcdef > text <function > ST_AsKML</function> </funcdef>
<paramdef > <type > integer </type> <parameter > version</parameter> </paramdef>
<paramdef > <type > geometry </type> <parameter > geom1</parameter> </paramdef>
<paramdef > <type > integer </type> <parameter > precision</parameter> </paramdef>
</funcprototype>
<funcprototype >
<funcdef > text <function > ST_AsKML</function> </funcdef>
<paramdef > <type > integer </type> <parameter > version</parameter> </paramdef>
<paramdef > <type > geography </type> <parameter > geom1</parameter> </paramdef>
<paramdef > <type > integer </type> <parameter > precision</parameter> </paramdef>
</funcprototype>
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<funcprototype >
<funcdef > text <function > ST_AsKML</function> </funcdef>
<paramdef > <type > integer </type> <parameter > version</parameter> </paramdef>
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<paramdef > <type > geometry </type> <parameter > geom1</parameter> </paramdef>
<paramdef > <type > integer </type> <parameter > precision</parameter> </paramdef>
<paramdef > <type > text </type> <parameter > namespace prefix</parameter> </paramdef>
</funcprototype>
<funcprototype >
<funcdef > text <function > ST_AsKML</function> </funcdef>
<paramdef > <type > integer </type> <parameter > version</parameter> </paramdef>
<paramdef > <type > geography </type> <parameter > geog1</parameter> </paramdef>
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<paramdef > <type > integer </type> <parameter > precision</parameter> </paramdef>
<paramdef > <type > text </type> <parameter > namespace prefix</parameter> </paramdef>
</funcprototype>
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</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsection >
<title > Description</title>
<para > Return the geometry as a Keyhole Markup Language (KML) element. There are several variants of this function.
maximum number of decimal places used in
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output (defaults to 15), version default to 2 and default namespace is no prefix.</para>
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<para > Version 1: ST_AsKML(geom) / version=2 precision=15</para>
<para > Version 2: ST_AsKML(geom, max_sig_digits) / version=2 </para>
<para > Version 3: ST_AsKML(version, geom) / precision=15 </para>
<para > Version 4: ST_AsKML(version, geom, precision) </para>
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<para > Version 5: ST_AsKML(version, geom, precision, namespace_prefix) </para>
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<note >
<para > Requires PostGIS be compiled with Proj support. Use <xref linkend= "PostGIS_Full_Version" /> to confirm you have proj support compiled in.</para>
</note>
<note >
<para > Availability: 1.2.2 - later variants that include version param came in 1.3.2</para>
</note>
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<note >
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<para > Enhanced: 2.0.0 - Add prefix namespace. Default is no prefix</para>
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</note>
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<note >
<para > AsKML output will not work with geometries that do not have an SRID</para>
</note>
<para > &Z_support; </para>
</refsection>
<refsection >
<title > Examples</title>
<programlisting > < ![CDATA[SELECT ST_AsKML(ST_GeomFromText('POLYGON((0 0,0 1,1 1,1 0,0 0))',4326));
st_askml
--------
<Polygon > <outerBoundaryIs > <LinearRing > <coordinates > 0,0 0,1 1,1 1,0 0,0</coordinates> </LinearRing> </outerBoundaryIs> </Polygon>
--3d linestring
SELECT ST_AsKML('SRID=4326;LINESTRING(1 2 3, 4 5 6)');
<LineString > <coordinates > 1,2,3 4,5,6</coordinates> </LineString>
]]>
</programlisting>
</refsection>
<refsection >
<title > See Also</title>
<para > <xref linkend= "ST_AsSVG" /> , <xref linkend= "ST_AsGML" /> </para>
</refsection>
</refentry>
<refentry id= "ST_AsSVG" >
<refnamediv >
<refname > ST_AsSVG</refname>
<refpurpose > Returns a Geometry in SVG path data given a geometry or geography object.</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv >
<funcsynopsis >
<funcprototype >
<funcdef > text <function > ST_AsSVG</function> </funcdef>
<paramdef > <type > geometry </type> <parameter > g1</parameter> </paramdef>
</funcprototype>
<funcprototype >
<funcdef > text <function > ST_AsSVG</function> </funcdef>
<paramdef > <type > geography </type> <parameter > g1</parameter> </paramdef>
</funcprototype>
<funcprototype >
<funcdef > text <function > ST_AsSVG</function> </funcdef>
<paramdef > <type > geometry </type> <parameter > g1</parameter> </paramdef>
<paramdef > <type > integer </type> <parameter > rel</parameter> </paramdef>
</funcprototype>
<funcprototype >
<funcdef > text <function > ST_AsSVG</function> </funcdef>
<paramdef > <type > geography </type> <parameter > g1</parameter> </paramdef>
<paramdef > <type > integer </type> <parameter > rel</parameter> </paramdef>
</funcprototype>
<funcprototype >
<funcdef > text <function > ST_AsSVG</function> </funcdef>
<paramdef > <type > geometry </type> <parameter > g1</parameter> </paramdef>
<paramdef > <type > integer </type> <parameter > rel</parameter> </paramdef>
<paramdef > <type > integer </type> <parameter > maxdecimaldigits</parameter> </paramdef>
</funcprototype>
<funcprototype >
<funcdef > text <function > ST_AsSVG</function> </funcdef>
<paramdef > <type > geography </type> <parameter > g1</parameter> </paramdef>
<paramdef > <type > integer </type> <parameter > rel</parameter> </paramdef>
<paramdef > <type > integer </type> <parameter > maxdecimaldigits</parameter> </paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsection >
<title > Description</title>
<para > Return the geometry as Scalar Vector Graphics (SVG) path data. Use 1 as second
argument to have the path data implemented in terms of relative
moves, the default (or 0) uses absolute moves. Third argument may
be used to reduce the maximum number of decimal digits used in
output (defaults to 15). Point geometries will be rendered as
cx/cy when 'rel' arg is 0, x/y when 'rel' is 1. Multipoint
geometries are delimited by commas (","), GeometryCollection
geometries are delimited by semicolons (";").</para>
<note >
2011-02-10 11:59:20 +00:00
<para > Availability: 1.2.2. Availability: 1.4.0 Changed in PostGIS 1.4.0 to include L command in absolute path to conform to <ulink
2009-11-15 20:39:17 +00:00
url="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/paths.html#PathDataBNF">http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/paths.html#PathDataBNF</ulink> </para>
</note>
</refsection>
<refsection >
<title > Examples</title>
<programlisting > SELECT ST_AsSVG(ST_GeomFromText('POLYGON((0 0,0 1,1 1,1 0,0 0))',4326));
st_assvg
--------
M 0 0 L 0 -1 1 -1 1 0 Z</programlisting>
</refsection>
</refentry>
<refentry id= "ST_GeoHash" >
<refnamediv >
<refname > ST_GeoHash</refname>
<refpurpose > Return a GeoHash representation (geohash.org) of the geometry.</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv >
<funcsynopsis >
<funcprototype >
<funcdef > text <function > ST_GeoHash</function> </funcdef>
<paramdef > <type > geometry </type> <parameter > g1</parameter> </paramdef>
</funcprototype>
<funcprototype >
<funcdef > text <function > ST_GeoHash</function> </funcdef>
<paramdef > <type > geometry </type> <parameter > g1</parameter> </paramdef>
<paramdef > <type > integer </type> <parameter > precision</parameter> </paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsection >
<title > Description</title>
<para > Return a GeoHash representation (geohash.org) of the geometry. A GeoHash encodes a point into a text form that is sortable and searchable based on prefixing. A shorter GeoHash is a less precise representation of a point. It can also be thought of as a box, that contains the actual point.</para>
<para > The one-parameter variant of ST_GeoHash returns a GeoHash based on the input geometry type. Points return a GeoHash with 20 characters of precision (about enough to hold the full double precision of the input). Other types return a GeoHash with a variable amount of precision, based on the size of the feature. Larger features are represented with less precision, smaller features with more precision. The idea is that the box implied by the GeoHash will always contain the input feature.</para>
<para > The two-parameter variant of ST_GeoHash returns a GeoHash with a requested precision. For non-points, the starting point of the calculation is the center of the bounding box of the geometry.</para>
<para > Availability: 1.4.0</para>
<note >
<para > ST_GeoHash will not work with geometries that are not in geographic (lon/lat) coordinates.</para>
</note>
<para > &curve_support; </para>
</refsection>
<refsection >
<title > Examples</title>
<programlisting > < ![CDATA[SELECT ST_GeoHash(ST_SetSRID(ST_MakePoint(-126,48),4326));
st_geohash
----------------------
c0w3hf1s70w3hf1s70w3
SELECT ST_GeoHash(ST_SetSRID(ST_MakePoint(-126,48),4326),5);
st_geohash
------------
c0w3h
]]>
</programlisting>
</refsection>
<refsection >
<title > See Also</title>
<para > </para>
</refsection>
</refentry>
<refentry id= "ST_AsText" >
<refnamediv >
<refname > ST_AsText</refname>
<refpurpose > Return the Well-Known Text (WKT) representation of the geometry/geography without SRID metadata.</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv >
<funcsynopsis >
<funcprototype >
<funcdef > text <function > ST_AsText</function> </funcdef>
<paramdef > <type > geometry </type> <parameter > g1</parameter> </paramdef>
</funcprototype>
<funcprototype >
<funcdef > text <function > ST_AsText</function> </funcdef>
<paramdef > <type > geography </type> <parameter > g1</parameter> </paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsection >
<title > Description</title>
<para > Returns the Well-Known Text representation of the geometry/geography.</para>
<note >
<para > The WKT spec does not include the SRID. To get the SRID as part of the data, use the non-standard
PostGIS <xref linkend= "ST_AsEWKT" /> </para>
</note>
<para > <inlinegraphic fileref= "images/warning.png" />
WKT format does not maintain precision so to prevent floating truncation, use ST_AsBinary or ST_AsEWKB format for transport.
</para>
<note >
<para > ST_AsText is the reverse of <xref linkend= "ST_GeomFromText" /> . Use <xref linkend= "ST_GeomFromText" /> to convert to a postgis geometry from ST_AsText representation.</para>
</note>
<para > Availability: 1.5 - support for geography was introduced.</para>
<para > &sfs_compliant; s2.1.1.1</para>
<para > &sqlmm_compliant; SQL-MM 3: 5.1.25</para>
<para > &curve_support; </para>
</refsection>
<refsection >
<title > Examples</title>
<programlisting > SELECT ST_AsText('01030000000100000005000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
F03F000000000000F03F000000000000F03F000000000000F03
F000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000');
st_astext
--------------------------------
POLYGON((0 0,0 1,1 1,1 0,0 0))
(1 row)</programlisting>
</refsection>
<!-- Optionally add a "See Also" section -->
<refsection >
<title > See Also</title>
<para > <xref linkend= "ST_AsBinary" /> , <xref linkend= "ST_AsEWKB" /> , <xref linkend= "ST_AsEWKT" /> , <xref linkend= "ST_GeomFromText" /> </para>
</refsection>
</refentry>
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<refentry id= "ST_AsLatLonText" >
<refnamediv >
<refname > ST_AsLatLonText</refname>
<refpurpose > Return the Degrees, Minutes, Seconds representation of the given point.</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv >
<funcsynopsis >
<funcprototype >
<funcdef > text <function > ST_AsLatLonText</function> </funcdef>
<paramdef > <type > geometry </type> <parameter > pt</parameter> </paramdef>
</funcprototype>
<funcprototype >
<funcdef > text <function > ST_AsLatLonText</function> </funcdef>
<paramdef > <type > geometry </type> <parameter > pt</parameter> </paramdef>
<paramdef > <type > text </type> <parameter > format</parameter> </paramdef>
</funcprototype>
</funcsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsection >
<title > Description</title>
<para > Returns the Degrees, Minutes, Seconds representation of the point.</para>
<note >
<para > It is assumed the point is in a lat/lon projection. The X (lon) and Y (lat) coordinates are normalized in the output
to the "normal" range (-180 to +180 for lon, -90 to +90 for lat).</para>
</note>
<para >
The text parameter is a format string containing the format for the resulting text, similar to a date format string. Valid tokens
are "D" for degrees, "M" for minutes, "S" for seconds, and "C" for cardinal direction (NSEW). DMS tokens may be repeated to indicate
desired width and precision ("SSS.SSSS" means " 1.0023").
</para>
<para >
"M", "S", and "C" are optional. If "C" is omitted, degrees are
shown with a "-" sign if south or west. If "S" is omitted, minutes will be shown as decimal with as many digits of precision
as you specify. If "M" is also omitted, degrees are shown as decimal with as many digits precision as you specify.
</para>
<para >
If the format string is omitted (or zero-length) a default format will be used.
</para>
<para >
</para>
<para > Availability: 2.0</para>
</refsection>
<refsection >
<title > Examples</title>
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<para > Default format.</para>
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<programlisting >
SELECT (ST_AsLatLonText('POINT (-3.2342342 -2.32498)'));
st_aslatlontext
----------------------------
2°19'29.928"S 3°14'3.243"W
</programlisting>
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<para > Providing a format (same as the default).</para>
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<programlisting >
SELECT (ST_AsLatLonText('POINT (-3.2342342 -2.32498)', 'D°M''S.SSS"C'));
st_aslatlontext
----------------------------
2°19'29.928"S 3°14'3.243"W
</programlisting>
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<para > Characters other than D, M, S, C and . are just passed through.</para>
2010-02-22 20:42:05 +00:00
<programlisting >
SELECT (ST_AsLatLonText('POINT (-3.2342342 -2.32498)', 'D degrees, M minutes, S seconds to the C'));
st_aslatlontext
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2 degrees, 19 minutes, 30 seconds to the S 3 degrees, 14 minutes, 3 seconds to the W
</programlisting>
2010-03-28 08:33:41 +00:00
<para > Signed degrees instead of cardinal directions.</para>
2010-02-22 20:42:05 +00:00
<programlisting >
SELECT (ST_AsLatLonText('POINT (-3.2342342 -2.32498)', 'D°M''S.SSS"'));
st_aslatlontext
----------------------------
-2°19'29.928" -3°14'3.243"
</programlisting>
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<para > Decimal degrees.</para>
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<programlisting >
SELECT (ST_AsLatLonText('POINT (-3.2342342 -2.32498)', 'D.DDDD degrees C'));
st_aslatlontext
-----------------------------------
2.3250 degrees S 3.2342 degrees W
</programlisting>
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<para > Excessively large values are normalized.</para>
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<programlisting >
SELECT (ST_AsLatLonText('POINT (-302.2342342 -792.32498)'));
st_aslatlontext
-------------------------------
72°19'29.928"S 57°45'56.757"E
</programlisting>
</refsection>
<!-- Optionally add a "See Also" section -->
</refentry>
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</sect1>
