Version 0.6 (March 2013) --------------------------- * ~2100 changes, numerous bugfixes * Syntax changes * The self type parameter in traits is now spelled `Self` * The `self` parameter in trait and impl methods must now be explicitly named (for example: `fn f(&self) { }`). Implicit self is deprecated. * Static methods no longer require the `static` keyword and instead are distinguished by the lack of a `self` parameter * Replaced the `Durable` trait with the `'static` lifetime * The old closure type syntax with the trailing sigil has been removed in favor of the more consistent leading sigil * `super` is a keyword, and may be prefixed to paths * Trait bounds are separated with `+` instead of whitespace * Traits are implemented with `impl Trait for Type` instead of `impl Type: Trait` * Lifetime syntax is now `&'l foo` instead of `&l/foo` * The `export` keyword has finally been removed * The `move` keyword has been removed (see "Semantic changes") * The interior mutability qualifier on vectors, `[mut T]`, has been removed. Use `&mut [T]`, etc. * `mut` is no longer valid in `~mut T`. Use inherited mutability * `fail` is no longer a keyword. Use `fail!()` * `assert` is no longer a keyword. Use `assert!()` * `log` is no longer a keyword. use `debug!`, etc. * 1-tuples may be represented as `(T,)` * Struct fields may no longer be `mut`. Use inherited mutability, `@mut T`, `core::mut` or `core::cell` * `extern mod { ... }` is no longer valid syntax for foreign function modules. Use extern blocks: `extern { ... }` * Newtype enums removed. Used tuple-structs. * Trait implementations no longer support visibility modifiers * Pattern matching over vectors improved and expanded * `const` renamed to `static` to correspond to lifetime name, and make room for future `static mut` unsafe mutable globals. * Replaced `#[deriving_eq]` with `#[deriving(Eq)]`, etc. * `Clone` implementations can be automatically generated with `#[deriving(Clone)]` * Casts to traits must use a pointer sigil, e.g. `@foo as @Bar` instead of `foo as Bar`. * Semantic changes * Types with owned pointers or custom destructors move by default, eliminating the `move` keyword * All foreign functions are considered unsafe * &mut is now unaliasable * Writes to borrowed @mut pointers are prevented dynamically * () has size 0 * The name of the main function can be customized using #[main] * The default type of an inferred closure is &fn instead of @fn * `use` statements may no longer be "chained" - they cannot import identifiers imported by previous `use` statements * `use` statements are crate relative, importing from the "top" of the crate by default. Paths may be prefixed with `super::` or `self::` to change the search behavior. * Method visibility is inherited from the implementation declaration * Structural records have been removed * Many more types can be used in static items, including enums 'static-lifetime pointers and vectors * Pattern matching over vectors improved and expanded * Typechecking of closure types has been overhauled to improve inference and eliminate unsoundness * Macros leave scope at the end of modules, unless that module is tagged with #[macro_escape] * Libraries * Added big integers to `std::bigint` * Removed `core::oldcomm` module * Added pipe-based `core::comm` module * Numeric traits have been reorganized under `core::num` * `vec::slice` finally returns a slice * `debug!` and friends don't require a format string, e.g. `debug!(Foo)` * Containers reorganized around traits in `core::container` * `core::dvec` removed, `~[T]` is a drop-in replacement * `core::send_map` renamed to `core::hashmap` * `std::map` removed; replaced with `core::hashmap` * `std::treemap` reimplemented as an owned balanced tree * `std::deque` and `std::smallintmap` reimplemented as owned containers * `core::trie` added as a fast ordered map for integer keys * Set types added to `core::hashmap`, `core::trie` and `std::treemap` * `Ord` split into `Ord` and `TotalOrd`. `Ord` is still used to overload the comparison operators, whereas `TotalOrd` is used by certain container types * Other * Replaced the 'cargo' package manager with 'rustpkg' * Added all-purpose 'rust' tool * `rustc --test` now supports benchmarks with the `#[bench]` attribute * rustc now *attempts* to offer spelling suggestions * Improved support for ARM and Android * Preliminary MIPS backend * Improved foreign function ABI implementation for x86, x86_64 * Various memory usage improvements * Rust code may be embedded in foreign code under limited circumstances * Inline assembler supported by new asm!() syntax extension. Version 0.5 (December 2012) --------------------------- * ~900 changes, numerous bugfixes * Syntax changes * Removed `<-` move operator * Completed the transition from the `#fmt` extension syntax to `fmt!` * Removed old fixed length vector syntax - `[T]/N` * New token-based quasi-quoters, `quote_tokens!`, `quote_expr!`, etc. * Macros may now expand to items and statements * `a.b()` is always parsed as a method call, never as a field projection * `Eq` and `IterBytes` implementations can be automatically generated with `#[deriving_eq]` and `#[deriving_iter_bytes]` respectively * Removed the special crate language for `.rc` files * Function arguments may consist of any irrefutable pattern * Semantic changes * `&` and `~` pointers may point to objects * Tuple structs - `struct Foo(Bar, Baz)`. Will replace newtype enums. * Enum variants may be structs * Destructors can be added to all nominal types with the Drop trait * Structs and nullary enum variants may be constants * Values that cannot be implicitly copied are now automatically moved without writing `move` explicitly * `&T` may now be coerced to `*T` * Coercions happen in `let` statements as well as function calls * `use` statements now take crate-relative paths * The module and type namespaces have been merged so that static method names can be resolved under the trait in which they are declared * Improved support for language features * Trait inheritance works in many scenarios * More support for explicit self arguments in methods - `self`, `&self` `@self`, and `~self` all generally work as expected * Static methods work in more situations * Experimental: Traits may declare default methods for the implementations to use * Libraries * New condition handling system in `core::condition` * Timsort added to `std::sort` * New priority queue, `std::priority_queue` * Pipes for serializable types, `std::flatpipes' * Serialization overhauled to be trait-based * Expanded `getopts` definitions * Moved futures to `std` * More functions are pure now * `core::comm` renamed to `oldcomm`. Still deprecated * `rustdoc` and `cargo` are libraries now * Misc * Added a preliminary REPL, `rusti` * License changed from MIT to dual MIT/APL2 Version 0.4 (October 2012) -------------------------- * ~2000 changes, numerous bugfixes * Syntax * All keywords are now strict and may not be used as identifiers anywhere * Keyword removal: 'again', 'import', 'check', 'new', 'owned', 'send', 'of', 'with', 'to', 'class'. * Classes are replaced with simpler structs * Explicit method self types * `ret` became `return` and `alt` became `match` * `import` is now `use`; `use is now `extern mod` * `extern mod { ... }` is now `extern { ... }` * `use mod` is the recommended way to import modules * `pub` and `priv` replace deprecated export lists * The syntax of `match` pattern arms now uses fat arrow (=>) * `main` no longer accepts an args vector; use `os::args` instead * Semantics * Trait implementations are now coherent, ala Haskell typeclasses * Trait methods may be static * Argument modes are deprecated * Borrowed pointers are much more mature and recommended for use * Strings and vectors in the static region are stored in constant memory * Typestate was removed * Resolution rewritten to be more reliable * Support for 'dual-mode' data structures (freezing and thawing) * Libraries * Most binary operators can now be overloaded via the traits in `core::ops' * `std::net::url` for representing URLs * Sendable hash maps in `core::send_map` * `core::task' gained a (currently unsafe) task-local storage API * Concurrency * An efficient new intertask communication primitive called the pipe, along with a number of higher-level channel types, in `core::pipes` * `std::arc`, an atomically reference counted, immutable, shared memory type * `std::sync`, various exotic synchronization tools based on arcs and pipes * Futures are now based on pipes and sendable * More robust linked task failure * Improved task builder API * Other * Improved error reporting * Preliminary JIT support * Preliminary work on precise GC * Extensive architectural improvements to rustc * Begun a transition away from buggy C++-based reflection (shape) code to Rust-based (visitor) code * All hash functions and tables converted to secure, randomized SipHash Version 0.3 (July 2012) ------------------------ * ~1900 changes, numerous bugfixes * New coding conveniences * Integer-literal suffix inference * Per-item control over warnings, errors * #[cfg(windows)] and #[cfg(unix)] attributes * Documentation comments * More compact closure syntax * 'do' expressions for treating higher-order functions as control structures * *-patterns (wildcard extended to all constructor fields) * Semantic cleanup * Name resolution pass and exhaustiveness checker rewritten * Region pointers and borrow checking supersede alias analysis * Init-ness checking is now provided by a region-based liveness pass instead of the typestate pass; same for last-use analysis * Extensive work on region pointers * Experimental new language features * Slices and fixed-size, interior-allocated vectors * #!-comments for lang versioning, shell execution * Destructors and iface implementation for classes; type-parameterized classes and class methods * 'const' type kind for types that can be used to implement shared-memory concurrency patterns * Type reflection * Removal of various obsolete features * Keywords: 'be', 'prove', 'syntax', 'note', 'mutable', 'bind', 'crust', 'native' (now 'extern'), 'cont' (now 'again') * Constructs: do-while loops ('do' repurposed), fn binding, resources (replaced by destructors) * Compiler reorganization * Syntax-layer of compiler split into separate crate * Clang (from LLVM project) integrated into build * Typechecker split into sub-modules * New library code * New time functions * Extension methods for many built-in types * Arc: atomic-refcount read-only / exclusive-use shared cells * Par: parallel map and search routines * Extensive work on libuv interface * Much vector code moved to libraries * Syntax extensions: #line, #col, #file, #mod, #stringify, #include, #include_str, #include_bin * Tool improvements * Cargo automatically resolves dependencies Version 0.2 (March 2012) ------------------------- * >1500 changes, numerous bugfixes * New docs and doc tooling * New port: FreeBSD x86_64 * Compilation model enhancements * Generics now specialized, multiply instantiated * Functions now inlined across separate crates * Scheduling, stack and threading fixes * Noticeably improved message-passing performance * Explicit schedulers * Callbacks from C * Helgrind clean * Experimental new language features * Operator overloading * Region pointers * Classes * Various language extensions * C-callback function types: 'crust fn ...' * Infinite-loop construct: 'loop { ... }' * Shorten 'mutable' to 'mut' * Required mutable-local qualifier: 'let mut ...' * Basic glob-exporting: 'export foo::*;' * Alt now exhaustive, 'alt check' for runtime-checked * Block-function form of 'for' loop, with 'break' and 'ret'. * New library code * AST quasi-quote syntax extension * Revived libuv interface * New modules: core::{future, iter}, std::arena * Merged per-platform std::{os*, fs*} to core::{libc, os} * Extensive cleanup, regularization in libstd, libcore Version 0.1 (January 2012) --------------------------- * Most language features work, including: * Unique pointers, unique closures, move semantics * Interface-constrained generics * Static interface dispatch * Stack growth * Multithread task scheduling * Typestate predicates * Failure unwinding, destructors * Pattern matching and destructuring assignment * Lightweight block-lambda syntax * Preliminary macro-by-example * Compiler works with the following configurations: * Linux: x86 and x86_64 hosts and targets * MacOS: x86 and x86_64 hosts and targets * Windows: x86 hosts and targets * Cross compilation / multi-target configuration supported. * Preliminary API-documentation and package-management tools included. Known issues: * Documentation is incomplete. * Performance is below intended target. * Standard library APIs are subject to extensive change, reorganization. * Language-level versioning is not yet operational - future code will break unexpectedly.