mirror of
https://github.com/golang/go
synced 2024-09-05 07:54:46 +00:00
![Russ Cox](/assets/img/avatar_default.png)
The crypto ones were done in a separate CL and didn't merge well. Same for runtime/debug. The others are stale. For #51400. Change-Id: Iadb4de94d21cd6a20f52277a1c3d7800a729b81e Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/411115 Run-TryBot: Russ Cox <rsc@golang.org> Reviewed-by: Cherry Mui <cherryyz@google.com> Auto-Submit: Russ Cox <rsc@golang.org> TryBot-Result: Gopher Robot <gobot@golang.org> Reviewed-by: David Chase <drchase@google.com>
911 lines
39 KiB
HTML
911 lines
39 KiB
HTML
<!--{
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"Title": "Go 1.19 Release Notes",
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"Path": "/doc/go1.19"
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}-->
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<!--
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NOTE: In this document and others in this directory, the convention is to
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set fixed-width phrases with non-fixed-width spaces, as in
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<code>hello</code> <code>world</code>.
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Do not send CLs removing the interior tags from such phrases.
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-->
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<style>
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main ul li { margin: 0.5em 0; }
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</style>
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<h2 id="introduction">DRAFT RELEASE NOTES — Introduction to Go 1.19</h2>
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<p>
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<strong>
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Go 1.19 is not yet released. These are work-in-progress
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release notes. Go 1.19 is expected to be released in August 2022.
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</strong>
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</p>
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<h2 id="language">Changes to the language</h2>
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<p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/52038 -->
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There is only one small change to the language,
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a <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/issues/52038">very small correction</a>
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to the <a href="/ref/spec#Declarations_and_scope">scope of type parameters in method declarations</a>.
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Existing programs are unaffected.
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</p>
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<h2 id="mem">Memory Model</h2>
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<p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/50859 -->
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The <a href="/ref/mem">Go memory model</a> has been revised to align Go with
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the memory model used by C, C++, Java, JavaScript, Rust, and Swift.
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Go only provides sequentially consistent atomics, not any of the more relaxed forms found in other languages.
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Along with the memory model update,
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Go 1.19 introduces <a href="#sync/atomic">new types in the <code>sync/atomic</code> package</a>
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that make it easier to use atomic values, such as
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<a href="/pkg/sync/atomic/#Int64">atomic.Int64</a>
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and
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<a href="/pkg/sync/atomic/#Pointer">atomic.Pointer[T]</a>.
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</p>
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<h2 id="ports">Ports</h2>
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<p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/46229 -->
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Go 1.19 supports the Loongson 64-bit architecture LoongArch on Linux (<code>GOOS=linux</code>, <code>GOARCH=loong64</code>).
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</p>
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<h2 id="tools">Tools</h2>
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<h3 id="go-doc">Doc Comments</h3>
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<p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/51082 --><!-- CL 384265, CL 397276, CL 397278, CL 397279, CL 397281, CL 397284 -->
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Go 1.19 adds support for links, lists, and clearer headings in doc comments.
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As part of this change, <a href="/cmd/gofmt"><code>gofmt</code></a>
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now reformats doc comments to make their rendered meaning clearer.
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See “<a href="/doc/comment">Go Doc Comments</a>”
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for syntax details and descriptions of common mistakes now highlighted by <code>gofmt</code>.
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As another part of this change, the new package <a href="/pkg/go/doc/comment">go/doc/comment</a>
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provides parsing and reformatting of doc comments
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as well as support for rendering them to HTML, Markdown, and text.
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</p>
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<h3 id="go-unix">New <code>unix</code> build constraint</h4>
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<p><!-- CL 389934 --><!-- https://go.dev/issue/20322 --><!-- https://go.dev/issue/51572 -->
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The build constraint <code>unix</code> is now recognized
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in <code>//go:build</code> lines. The constraint is satisfied
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if the target operating system, also known as <code>GOOS</code>, is
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a Unix or Unix-like system. For the 1.19 release it is satisfied
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if <code>GOOS</code> is one of
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<code>aix</code>, <code>android</code>, <code>darwin</code>,
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<code>dragonfly</code>, <code>freebsd</code>, <code>hurd</code>,
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<code>illumos</code>, <code>ios</code>, <code>linux</code>,
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<code>netbsd</code>, <code>openbsd</code>, or <code>solaris</code>.
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In future releases the <code>unix</code> constraint may match
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additional newly supported operating systems.
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</p>
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<h3 id="go-command">Go command</h3>
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<!-- https://go.dev/issue/51461 -->
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<p>
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The <code>-trimpath</code> flag, if set, is now included in the build settings
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stamped into Go binaries by <code>go</code> <code>build</code>, and can be
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examined using
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<a href="https://pkg.go.dev/cmd/go#hdr-Print_Go_version"><code>go</code> <code>version</code> <code>-m</code></a>
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or <a href="https://pkg.go.dev/runtime/debug#ReadBuildInfo"><code>debug.ReadBuildInfo</code></a>.
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</p>
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<p>
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<code>go</code> <code>generate</code> now sets the <code>GOROOT</code>
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environment variable explicitly in the generator's environment, so that
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generators can locate the correct <code>GOROOT</code> even if built
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with <code>-trimpath</code>.
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</p>
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<p><!-- CL 404134 -->
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<code>go</code> <code>test</code> and <code>go</code> <code>generate</code> now place
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<code>GOROOT/bin</code> at the beginning of the <code>PATH</code> used for the
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subprocess, so tests and generators that execute the <code>go</code> command
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will resolve it to same <code>GOROOT</code>.
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</p>
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<p><!-- CL 398058 -->
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<code>go</code> <code>env</code> now quotes entries that contain spaces in
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the <code>CGO_CFLAGS</code>, <code>CGO_CPPFLAGS</code>, <code>CGO_CXXFLAGS</code>, <code>CGO_FFLAGS</code>, <code>CGO_LDFLAGS</code>,
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and <code>GOGCCFLAGS</code> variables it reports.
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</p>
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<h3 id="vet">Vet</h3>
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<p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/47528 -->:
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The <code>vet</code> checker “errorsas” now reports when
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<a href="/pkg/errors/#As"><code>errors.As</code></a> is called
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with a second argument of type <code>*error</code>,
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a common mistake.
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</p>
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<h2 id="runtime">Runtime</h2>
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<p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/48409 --><!-- CL 397018 -->
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The runtime now includes support for a soft memory limit. This memory limit
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includes the Go heap and all other memory managed by the runtime, and
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excludes external memory sources such as mappings of the binary itself,
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memory managed in other languages, and memory held by the operating system on
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behalf of the Go program. This limit may be managed via
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<a href="/pkg/runtime/debug/#SetMemoryLimit"><code>runtime/debug.SetMemoryLimit</code></a>
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or the equivalent
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<a href="/pkg/runtime/#hdr-Environment_Variables"><code>GOMEMLIMIT</code></a>
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environment variable. The limit works in conjunction with
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<a href="/pkg/runtime/debug/#SetGCPercent"><code>runtime/debug.SetGCPercent</code></a>
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/ <a href="/pkg/runtime/#hdr-Environment_Variables"><code>GOGC</code></a>,
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and will be respected even if <code>GOGC=off</code>, allowing Go programs to
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always make maximal use of their memory limit, improving resource efficiency
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in some cases. See <a href="https://go.dev/doc/gc-guide">the GC guide</a> for
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a detailed guide explaining the soft memory limit in more detail, as well as
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a variety of common use-cases and scenarios. Please note that small memory
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limits, on the order of tens of megabytes or less, are less likely to be
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respected due to external latency factors, such as OS scheduling. See
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<a href="https://go.dev/issue/52433">issue 52433</a> for more details. Larger
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memory limits, on the order of hundreds of megabytes or more, are stable and
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production-ready.
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</p>
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<p><!-- CL 353989 -->
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In order to limit the effects of GC thrashing when the program's live heap
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size approaches the soft memory limit, the Go runtime also attempts to limit
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total GC CPU utilization to 50%, excluding idle time, choosing to use more
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memory over preventing application progress. In practice, we expect this limit
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to only play a role in exceptional cases, and the new
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<a href="/pkg/runtime/metrics/#hdr-Supported_metrics">runtime metric</a>
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<code>/gc/limiter/last-enabled:gc-cycle</code> reports when this last
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occurred.
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</p>
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<p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/44163 -->
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The runtime now schedules many fewer GC worker goroutines on idle operating
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system threads when the application is idle enough to force a periodic GC
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cycle.
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</p>
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<p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/18138 --><!-- CL 345889 -->
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The runtime will now allocate initial goroutine stacks based on the historic
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average stack usage of goroutines. This avoids some of the early stack growth
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and copying needed in the average case in exchange for at most 2x wasted
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space on below-average goroutines.
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</p>
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<p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/46279 --><!-- CL 393354 --><!-- CL 392415 -->
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On Unix operating systems, Go programs that import package
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<a href="/pkg/os/">os</a> now automatically increase the open file limit
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(<code>RLIMIT_NOFILE</code>) to the maximum allowed value;
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that is, they change the soft limit to match the hard limit.
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This corrects artificially low limits set on some systems for compatibility with very old C programs using the
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Select_(Unix)"><i>select</i></a> system call.
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Go programs are not helped by that limit, and instead even simple programs like <code>gofmt</code>
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often ran out of file descriptors on such systems when processing many files in parallel.
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One impact of this change is that Go programs that in turn execute very old C programs in child processes
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may run those programs with too high a limit.
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This can be corrected by setting the hard limit before invoking the Go program.
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</p>
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<p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/51485 --><!-- CL 390421 -->
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Unrecoverable fatal errors (such as concurrent map writes, or unlock of
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unlocked mutexes) now print a simpler traceback excluding runtime metadata
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(equivalent to a fatal panic) unless <code>GOTRACEBACK=system</code> or
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<code>crash</code>. Runtime-internal fatal error tracebacks always include
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full metadata regardless of the value of <code>GOTRACEBACK</code>
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</p>
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<p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/50614 --><!-- CL 395754 -->
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Support for debugger-injected function calls has been added on ARM64,
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enabling users to call functions from their binary in an interactive
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debugging session when using a debugger that is updated to make use of this
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functionality.
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</p>
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<p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/44853 -->
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The <a href="/doc/go1.18#go-build-asan">address sanitizer support added in Go 1.18</a>
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now handles function arguments and global variables more precisely.
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</p>
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<h2 id="compiler">Compiler</h2>
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<p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/5496 --><!-- CL 357330, 395714, 403979 -->
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The compiler now uses
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a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branch_table">jump
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table</a> to implement large integer and string switch statements.
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Performance improvements for the switch statement vary but can be
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on the order of 20% faster.
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(<code>GOARCH=amd64</code> and <code>GOARCH=arm64</code> only)
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</p>
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<p><!-- CL 402374 -->
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The <code>riscv64</code> port now supports passing function arguments
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and result using registers. Benchmarking shows typical performance
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improvements of 10% or more on <code>riscv64</code>.
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</p>
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<p><!-- CL 391014 -->
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The Go compiler now requires the <code>-p=importpath</code> flag to
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build a linkable object file. This is already supplied by
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the <code>go</code> command and by Bazel. Any other build systems
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that invoke the Go compiler directly will need to make sure they
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pass this flag as well.
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</p>
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<h2 id="assembler">Assembler</h2>
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<p><!-- CL 404298 -->
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Like the compiler, the assembler now requires the
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<code>-p=importpath</code> flag to build a linkable object file.
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This is already supplied by the <code>go</code> command. Any other
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build systems that invoke the Go assembler directly will need to
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make sure they pass this flag as well.
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</p>
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<h2 id="linker">Linker</h2>
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<p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/50796, CL 380755 -->
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On ELF platforms, the linker now emits compressed DWARF sections in
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the standard gABI format (<code>SHF_COMPRESSED</code>), instead of
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the legacy <code>.zdebug</code> format.
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</p>
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<h2 id="library">Core library</h2>
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<h3 id="atomic_types">New atomic types</h3>
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<p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/50860 --><!-- CL 381317 -->
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The <a href="/pkg/sync/atomic/"><code>sync/atomic</code></a> package defines new atomic types
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<a href="/pkg/sync/atomic/#Bool"><code>Bool</code></a>,
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<a href="/pkg/sync/atomic/#Int32"><code>Int32</code></a>,
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<a href="/pkg/sync/atomic/#Int64"><code>Int64</code></a>,
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<a href="/pkg/sync/atomic/#Uint32"><code>Uint32</code></a>,
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<a href="/pkg/sync/atomic/#Uint64"><code>Uint64</code></a>,
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<a href="/pkg/sync/atomic/#Uintptr"><code>Uintptr</code></a>, and
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<a href="/pkg/sync/atomic/#Pointer"><code>Pointer</code></a>.
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These types hide the underlying values so that all accesses are forced to use
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the atomic APIs.
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<a href="/pkg/sync/atomic/#Pointer"><code>Pointer</code></a> also avoids
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the need to convert to
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<a href="/pkg/unsafe/#Pointer"><code>unsafe.Pointer</code></a> at call sites.
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<a href="/pkg/sync/atomic/#Int64"><code>Int64</code></a> and
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<a href="/pkg/sync/atomic/#Uint64"><code>Uint64</code></a> are
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automatically aligned to 64-bit boundaries in structs and allocated data,
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even on 32-bit systems.
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</p>
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<h3 id="os-exec-path">PATH lookups</h3>
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<p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/43724 -->
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<!-- CL 381374 --><!-- CL 403274 -->
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<a href="/pkg/os/exec/#Command"><code>Command</code></a> and
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<a href="/pkg/os/exec/#LookPath"><code>LookPath</code></a> no longer
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allow results from a PATH search to be found relative to the current directory.
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This removes a <a href="https://go.dev/blog/path-security">common source of security problems</a>
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but may also break existing programs that depend on using, say, <code>exec.Command("prog")</code>
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to run a binary named <code>prog</code> (or, on Windows, <code>prog.exe</code>) in the current directory.
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See the <a href="/pkg/os/exec/"><code>os/exec</code></a> package documentation for
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information about how best to update such programs.
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</p>
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<p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/43947 -->
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On Windows, <code>Command</code> and <code>LookPath</code> now respect the
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<a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/processenv/nf-processenv-needcurrentdirectoryforexepatha"><code>NoDefaultCurrentDirectoryInExePath</code></a>
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environment variable, making it possible to disable
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the default implicit search of “<code>.</code>” in PATH lookups on Windows systems.
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</p>
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<h3 id="minor_library_changes">Minor changes to the library</h3>
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<p>
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As always, there are various minor changes and updates to the library,
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made with the Go 1 <a href="/doc/go1compat">promise of compatibility</a>
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in mind.
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There are also various performance improvements, not enumerated here.
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</p>
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<dl id="archive/zip"><dt><a href="/pkg/archive/zip/">archive/zip</a></dt>
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<dd>
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<p><!-- CL 387976 -->
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<a href="/pkg/archive/zip/#Reader"><code>Reader</code></a>
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now ignores non-ZIP data at the start of a ZIP file, matching most other implementations.
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This is necessary to read some Java JAR files, among other uses.
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</p>
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</dd>
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</dl><!-- archive/zip -->
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<dl id="crypto/rand"><dt><a href="/pkg/crypto/rand/">crypto/rand</a></dt>
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<dd>
|
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<p><!-- CL 370894 --><!-- CL 390038 -->
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<a href="/pkg/crypto/rand/#Read"><code>Read</code></a> no longer buffers
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random data obtained from the operating system between calls.
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</p>
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<p><!-- CL 375215 -->
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On Plan 9, <code>Read</code> has been reimplemented, replacing the ANSI
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X9.31 algorithm with fast key erasure.
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</p>
|
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</dd>
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</dl><!-- crypto/rand -->
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<dl id="crypto/tls"><dt><a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/">crypto/tls</a></dt>
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<dd>
|
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<p><!-- CL 400974 --><!-- https://go.dev/issue/45428 -->
|
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The <code>tls10default</code> <code>GODEBUG</code> option has been
|
||
removed. It is still possible to enable TLS 1.0 client-side by setting
|
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<a href="/pkg/crypto/tls#Config.MinVersion"><code>Config.MinVersion</code></a>.
|
||
</p>
|
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|
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<p><!-- CL 384894 -->
|
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The TLS server and client now reject duplicate extensions in TLS
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handshakes, as required by RFC 5246, Section 7.4.1.4 and RFC 8446, Section
|
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4.2.
|
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</p>
|
||
</dd>
|
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</dl><!-- crypto/tls -->
|
||
|
||
<dl id="crypto/x509"><dt><a href="/pkg/crypto/x509/">crypto/x509</a></dt>
|
||
<dd>
|
||
<p><!-- CL 285872 -->
|
||
<a href="/pkg/crypto/x509/#CreateCertificate"><code>CreateCertificate</code></a>
|
||
no longer supports creating certificates with <code>SignatureAlgorithm</code>
|
||
set to <code>MD5WithRSA</code>.
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
<p><!-- CL 400494 -->
|
||
<code>CreateCertificate</code> no longer accepts negative serial numbers.
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
<p><!-- CL 383215 -->
|
||
<a href="/pkg/crypto/x509/#ParseCertificate"><code>ParseCertificate</code></a>
|
||
and <a href="/pkg/crypto/x509/#ParseCertificateRequest"><code>ParseCertificateRequest</code></a>
|
||
now reject certificates and CSRs which contain duplicate extensions.
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
<p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/46057 --><!-- https://go.dev/issue/35044 --><!-- CL 398237 --><!-- CL 400175 --><!-- CL 388915 -->
|
||
The new <a href="/pkg/crypto/x509/#CertPool.Clone"><code>CertPool.Clone</code></a>
|
||
and <a href="/pkg/crypto/x509/#CertPool.Equal"><code>CertPool.Equal</code></a>
|
||
methods allow cloning a <code>CertPool</code> and checking the equality of two
|
||
<code>CertPool</code>s respectively.
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
<p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/50674 --><!-- CL 390834 -->
|
||
The new function <a href="/pkg/crypto/x509/#ParseRevocationList"><code>ParseRevocationList</code></a>
|
||
provides a faster, safer to use CRL parser which returns a
|
||
<a href="/pkg/crypto/x509/#RevocationList"><code>RevocationList</code></a>.
|
||
To support this addition, <code>RevocationList</code> adds new fields
|
||
<code>RawIssuer</code>, <code>Signature</code>,
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<code>AuthorityKeyId</code>, and <code>Extensions</code>.
|
||
|
||
The new method <a href="/pkg/crypto/x509/#RevocationList.CheckSignatureFrom"><code>RevocationList.CheckSignatureFrom</a>
|
||
checks that the signature on a CRL is a valid signature from a
|
||
<a href="/pkg/crypto/x509/#Certificate">Certificate</a>.
|
||
|
||
With the new CRL functionality, the existing functions
|
||
<a href="/pkg/crypto/x509/#ParseCRL"><code>ParseCRL</code></a> and
|
||
<a href="/pkg/crypto/x509/#ParseDERCRL"><code>ParseDERCRL</code></a> are deprecated.
|
||
Additionally the method <a href="/pkg/crypto/x509#Certificate.CheckCRLSignature"><code>Certificate.CheckCRLSignature</code></a>
|
||
is deprecated.
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
<p><!-- CL 389555 -->
|
||
When building paths, <a href="/pkg/crypto/x509/#Certificate.Verify"><code>Certificate.Verify</code></a>
|
||
now considers certificates to be equal when the subjects, public keys, and SANs
|
||
are all equal. Before, it required byte-for-byte equality.
|
||
</p>
|
||
</dd>
|
||
</dl><!-- crypto/x509 -->
|
||
|
||
<dl id="crypto/x509/pkix"><dt><a href="/pkg/crypto/x509/pkix">crypto/x509/pkix</a></dt>
|
||
<dd>
|
||
<p><!-- CL 390834 -->
|
||
The types <a href="/pkg/crypto/x509/pkix#CertificateList"><code>CertificateList</code></a> and
|
||
<a href="/pkg/crypto/x509/pkix#TBSCertificateList"><code>TBSCertificateList</code></a>
|
||
have been deprecated. The new <a href="#crypto/x509"><code>crypto/x509</code></code> CRL functionality</a>
|
||
should be used instead.
|
||
</p>
|
||
</dd>
|
||
</dl><!-- crypto/x509/pkix -->
|
||
|
||
<dl id="debug"><dt><a href="/pkg/debug/">debug</a></dt>
|
||
<dd>
|
||
<p><!-- CL 396735 -->
|
||
The new <code>EM_LONGARCH</code> and <code>R_LARCH_*</code> constants
|
||
support the loong64 port.
|
||
</p>
|
||
</dd>
|
||
</dl><!-- debug -->
|
||
|
||
<dl id="debug/pe"><dt><a href="/pkg/debug/pe/">debug/pe</a></dt>
|
||
<dd>
|
||
<p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/51868 --><!-- CL 394534 -->
|
||
The new <a href="/pkg/debug/pe/#File.COFFSymbolReadSectionDefAux"><code>File.COFFSymbolReadSectionDefAux</code></a>
|
||
method, which returns a <a href="/pkg/debug/pe/#COFFSymbolAuxFormat5"><code>COFFSymbolAuxFormat5</code></a>,
|
||
provides access to COMDAT information in PE file sections.
|
||
These are supported by new <code>IMAGE_COMDAT_*</code> and <code>IMAGE_SCN_*</code> constants.
|
||
</p>
|
||
</dd>
|
||
</dl><!-- debug/pe -->
|
||
|
||
<dl id="encoding/binary"><dt><a href="/pkg/encoding/binary/">encoding/binary</a></dt>
|
||
<dd>
|
||
<p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/50601 --><!-- CL 386017 --><!-- CL 389636 -->
|
||
The new interface
|
||
<a href="/pkg/encoding/binary/#AppendByteOrder"><code>AppendByteOrder</code></a>
|
||
provides efficient methods for appending a <code>uint16</code>, <code>uint32</code>, or <code>uint64</code>
|
||
to a byte slice.
|
||
<a href="/pkg/encoding/binary/#BigEndian"><code>BigEndian</code></a> and
|
||
<a href="/pkg/encoding/binary/#LittleEndian"><code>LittleEndian</code></a> now implement this interface.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/51644 --><!-- CL 400176 -->
|
||
Similarly, the new functions
|
||
<a href="/pkg/encoding/binary/#AppendUvarint"><code>AppendUvarint</code></a> and
|
||
<a href="/pkg/encoding/binary/#AppendVarint"><code>AppendVarint</code></a>
|
||
are efficient appending versions of
|
||
<a href="/pkg/encoding/binary/#PutUvarint"><code>PutUvarint</code></a> and
|
||
<a href="/pkg/encoding/binary/#PutVarint"><code>PutVarint</code></a>.
|
||
</p>
|
||
</dd>
|
||
</dl><!-- encoding/binary -->
|
||
|
||
<dl id="encoding/csv"><dt><a href="/pkg/encoding/csv/">encoding/csv</a></dt>
|
||
<dd>
|
||
<p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/43401 --><!-- CL 405675 -->
|
||
The new method
|
||
<a href="/pkg/encoding/csv/#Reader.InputOffset"><code>Reader.InputOffset</code></a>
|
||
reports the reader's current input position as a byte offset,
|
||
analogous to <code>encoding/json</code>'s
|
||
<a href="/pkg/encoding/json/#Decoder.InputOffset"><code>Decoder.InputOffset</code></a>.
|
||
</p>
|
||
</dd>
|
||
</dl><!-- encoding/csv -->
|
||
|
||
<dl id="encoding/xml"><dt><a href="/pkg/encoding/xml/">encoding/xml</a></dt>
|
||
<dd>
|
||
<p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/45628 --><!-- CL 311270 -->
|
||
The new method
|
||
<a href="/pkg/encoding/xml/#Decoder.InputPos"><code>Decoder.InputPos</code></a>
|
||
reports the reader's current input position as a line and column,
|
||
analogous to <code>encoding/csv</code>'s
|
||
<a href="/pkg/encoding/csv/#Decoder.FieldPos"><code>Decoder.FieldPos</code></a>.
|
||
</p>
|
||
</dd>
|
||
</dl><!-- encoding/xml -->
|
||
|
||
<dl id="flag"><dt><a href="/pkg/flag/">flag</a></dt>
|
||
<dd>
|
||
<p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/45754 --><!-- CL 313329 -->
|
||
The new function
|
||
<a href="/pkg/flag/#TextVar"><code>TextVar</code></a>
|
||
defines a flag with a value implementing
|
||
<a href="/pkg/encoding/#TextUnmarshaler"><code>encoding.TextUnmarshaler</code></a>,
|
||
allowing command-line flag variables to have types such as
|
||
<a href="/pkg/math/big/#Int"><code>big.Int</code></a>,
|
||
<a href="/pkg/net/netip/#Addr"><code>netip.Addr</code></a>, and
|
||
<a href="/pkg/time/#Time"><code>time.Time</code></a>.
|
||
</p>
|
||
</dd>
|
||
</dl><!-- flag -->
|
||
|
||
<dl id="fmt"><dt><a href="/pkg/fmt/">fmt</a></dt>
|
||
<dd>
|
||
<p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/47579 --><!-- CL 406177 -->
|
||
The new functions
|
||
<a href="/pkg/fmt/#Append"><code>Append</code></a>,
|
||
<a href="/pkg/fmt/#Appendf"><code>Appendf</code></a>, and
|
||
<a href="/pkg/fmt/#Appendln"><code>Appendln</code></a>
|
||
append formatted data to byte slices.
|
||
</p>
|
||
</dd>
|
||
</dl><!-- fmt -->
|
||
|
||
<dl id="go/parser"><dt><a href="/pkg/go/parser/">go/parser</a></dt>
|
||
<dd>
|
||
<p><!-- CL 403696 -->
|
||
The parser now recognizes <code>~x</code> as a unary expression with operator
|
||
<a href="/pkg/go/token#TILDE">token.TILDE</a>,
|
||
allowing better error recovery when a type constraint such as <code>~int</code> is used in an incorrect context.
|
||
</p>
|
||
</dd>
|
||
</dl><!-- go/parser -->
|
||
|
||
<dl id="go/types"><dt><a href="/pkg/go/types/">go/types</a></dt>
|
||
<dd>
|
||
<p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/51682 --><!-- CL 395535 -->
|
||
The new methods <a href="/pkg/go/types/#Func.Origin"><code>Func.Origin</code></a>
|
||
and <a href="/pkg/go/types/#Var.Origin"><code>Var.Origin</code></a> return the
|
||
corresponding <a href="/pkg/go/types/#Object"><code>Object</code></a> of the
|
||
generic type for synthetic <a href="/pkg/go/types/#Func"><code>Func</code></a>
|
||
and <a href="/pkg/go/types/#Var"><code>Var</code></a> objects created during type
|
||
instantiation.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/52728 --><!-- CL 404885 -->
|
||
It is no longer possible to produce an infinite number of distinct-but-identical
|
||
<a href="/pkg/go/types/#Named"><code>Named</code></a> type instantiations via
|
||
recursive calls to
|
||
<a href="/pkg/go/types/#Named.Underlying"><code>Named.Underlying</code></a> or
|
||
<a href="/pkg/go/types/#Named.Method"><code>Named.Method</code></a>.
|
||
</p>
|
||
</dd>
|
||
</dl><!-- go/types -->
|
||
|
||
|
||
<dl id="hash/maphash"><dt><a href="/pkg/hash/maphash/">hash/maphash</a></dt>
|
||
<dd>
|
||
<p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/42710 --><!-- CL 392494 -->
|
||
The new functions
|
||
<a href="/pkg/hash/maphash/#Bytes"><code>Bytes</code></a>
|
||
and
|
||
<a href="/pkg/hash/maphash/#String"><code>String</code></a>
|
||
provide an efficient way hash a single byte slice or string.
|
||
They are equivalent to using the more general
|
||
<a href="/pkg/hash/maphash/#Hash"><code>Hash</code></a>
|
||
with a single write, but they avoid setup overhead for small inputs.
|
||
</p>
|
||
</dd>
|
||
</dl><!-- hash/maphash -->
|
||
|
||
<dl id="html/template"><dt><a href="/pkg/html/template/">html/template</a></dt>
|
||
<dd>
|
||
<p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/46121 --><!-- CL 389156 -->
|
||
The type <a href="/pkg/html/template/#FuncMap"><code>FuncMap</code></a>
|
||
is now an alias for
|
||
<code>text/template</code>'s <a href="/pkg/text/template/#FuncMap"><code>FuncMap</code></a>
|
||
instead of its own named type.
|
||
This allows writing code that operates on a <code>FuncMap</code> from either setting.
|
||
</p>
|
||
</dd>
|
||
</dl><!-- html/template -->
|
||
|
||
<dl id="image/draw"><dt><a href="/pkg/image/draw/">image/draw</a></dt>
|
||
<dd>
|
||
<p><!-- CL 396795 -->
|
||
<a href="/pkg/image/draw/#Draw"><code>Draw</code></a> with the
|
||
<a href="/pkg/image/draw/#Src"><code>Src</code></a> operator preserves
|
||
non-premultiplied-alpha colors when destination and source images are
|
||
both <a href="/pkg/image/#NRGBA"><code>image.NRGBA</code></a>
|
||
or both <a href="/pkg/image/#NRGBA64"><code>image.NRGBA64</code></a>.
|
||
This reverts a behavior change accidentally introduced by a Go 1.18
|
||
library optimization; the code now matches the behavior in Go 1.17 and earlier.
|
||
</p>
|
||
</dd>
|
||
</dl><!-- image/draw -->
|
||
|
||
<dl id="io"><dt><a href="/pkg/io/">io</a></dt>
|
||
<dd>
|
||
<p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/51566 --><!-- CL 400236 -->
|
||
<a href="/pkg/io/#NopCloser"><code>NopCloser</code></a>'s result now implements
|
||
<a href="/pkg/io/#WriterTo"><code>WriterTo</code></a>
|
||
whenever its input does.
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
<p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/50842 -->
|
||
<a href="/pkg/io/#MultiReader"><code>MultiReader</code></a>'s result now implements
|
||
<a href="/pkg/io/#WriterTo"><code>WriterTo</code></a> unconditionally.
|
||
If any underlying reader does not implement <code>WriterTo</code>,
|
||
it is simulated appropriately.
|
||
</p>
|
||
</dd>
|
||
</dl><!-- io -->
|
||
|
||
<dl id="mime"><dt><a href="/pkg/mime/">mime</a></dt>
|
||
<dd>
|
||
<p><!-- CL 406894 -->
|
||
On Windows only, the mime package now ignores a registry entry
|
||
recording that the extension <code>.js</code> should have MIME
|
||
type <code>text/plain</code>. This is a common unintentional
|
||
misconfiguration on Windows systems. The effect is
|
||
that <code>.js</code> will have the default MIME
|
||
type <code>text/javascript; charset=utf-8</code>.
|
||
Applications that expect <code>text/plain</code> on Windows must
|
||
now explicitly call
|
||
<a href="/pkg/mime/#AddExtensionType"><code>AddExtensionType</code></a>.
|
||
</p>
|
||
</dd>
|
||
</dl>
|
||
|
||
<dl id="net"><dt><a href="/pkg/net/">net</a></dt>
|
||
<dd>
|
||
<p><!-- CL 386016 -->
|
||
The pure Go resolver will now use EDNS(0) to include a suggested
|
||
maximum reply packet length, permitting reply packets to contain
|
||
up to 1232 bytes (the previous maximum was 512).
|
||
In the unlikely event that this causes problems with a local DNS
|
||
resolver, setting the environment variable
|
||
<code>GODEBUG=netdns=cgo</code> to use the cgo-based resolver
|
||
should work.
|
||
Please report any such problems on <a href="/issue/new">the
|
||
issue tracker</a>.
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
<p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/51428 --><!-- CL 396877 -->
|
||
When a net package function or method returns an "I/O timeout"
|
||
error, the error will now satisfy <code>errors.Is(err,
|
||
context.DeadlineExceeded)</code>. When a net package function
|
||
returns an "operation was canceled" error, the error will now
|
||
satisfy <code>errors.Is(err, context.Canceled)</code>.
|
||
These changes are intended to make it easier for code to test
|
||
for cases in which a context cancellation or timeout causes a net
|
||
package function or method to return an error, while preserving
|
||
backward compatibility for error messages.
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
<p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/33097 --><!-- CL 400654 -->
|
||
<a href="/pkg/net/#Resolver.PreferGo"><code>Resolver.PreferGo</code></a>
|
||
is now implemented on Windows and Plan 9. It previously only worked on Unix
|
||
platforms. Combined with
|
||
<a href="/pkg/net/#Dialer.Resolver"><code>Dialer.Resolver</code></a> and
|
||
<a href="/pkg/net/#Resolver.Dial"><code>Resolver.Dial</code></a>, it's now
|
||
possible to write portable programs and be in control of all DNS name lookups
|
||
when dialing.
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
The <code>net</code> package now has initial support for the <code>netgo</code>
|
||
build tag on Windows. When used, the package uses the Go DNS client (as used
|
||
by <code>Resolver.PreferGo</code>) instead of asking Windows for
|
||
DNS results. The upstream DNS server it discovers from Windows
|
||
may not yet be correct with complex system network configurations, however.
|
||
</p>
|
||
</dd>
|
||
</dl><!-- net -->
|
||
|
||
<dl id="net/http"><dt><a href="/pkg/net/http/">net/http</a></dt>
|
||
<dd>
|
||
<p><!-- CL 269997 -->
|
||
<a href="/pkg/net/http/#ResponseWriter"><code>ResponseWriter.WriteHeader</code></a>
|
||
now supports sending user-defined 1xx informational headers.
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
<p><!-- CL 361397 -->
|
||
The <code>io.ReadCloser</code> returned by
|
||
<a href="/pkg/net/http/#MaxBytesReader"><code>MaxBytesReader</code></a>
|
||
will now return the defined error type
|
||
<a href="/pkg/net/http/#MaxBytesError"><code>MaxBytesError</code></a>
|
||
when its read limit is exceeded.
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
<p><!-- CL 375354 -->
|
||
The HTTP client will handle a 3xx response without a
|
||
<code>Location</code> header by returning it to the caller,
|
||
rather than treating it as an error.
|
||
</p>
|
||
</dd>
|
||
</dl><!-- net/http -->
|
||
|
||
<dl id="net/url"><dt><a href="/pkg/net/url/">net/url</a></dt>
|
||
<dd>
|
||
<p><!-- CL 374654 -->
|
||
The new
|
||
<a href="/pkg/net/url/#JoinPath"><code>JoinPath</code></a>
|
||
function and
|
||
<a href="/pkg/net/url/#URL.JoinPath"><code>URL.JoinPath</code></a>
|
||
method create a new <code>URL</code> by joining a list of path
|
||
elements.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/46059 -->
|
||
The <code>URL</code> type now distinguishes between URLs with no
|
||
authority and URLs with an empty authority. For example,
|
||
<code>http:///path</code> has an empty authority (host),
|
||
while <code>http:/path</code> has none.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
The new <a href="/pkg/net/url/#URL"><code>URL</code></a> field
|
||
<code>OmitHost</code> is set to <code>true</code> when a
|
||
<code>URL</code> has an empty authority.
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
</dd>
|
||
</dl><!-- net/url -->
|
||
|
||
<dl id="os/exec"><dt><a href="/pkg/os/exec/">os/exec</a></dt>
|
||
<dd>
|
||
<p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/50599 --><!-- CL 401340 -->
|
||
A <a href="/pkg/os/exec/#Cmd"><code>Cmd</code></a> with a non-empty <code>Dir</code> field
|
||
and nil <code>Env</code> now implicitly sets the <code>PWD</code> environment
|
||
variable for the subprocess to match <code>Dir</code>.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
The new method <a href="/pkg/os/exec/#Cmd.Environ"><code>Cmd.Environ</code></a> reports the
|
||
environment that would be used to run the command, including the
|
||
implicitly set <code>PWD</code> variable.
|
||
</p>
|
||
</dd>
|
||
</dl> <!-- os/exec -->
|
||
|
||
<dl id="reflect"><dt><a href="/pkg/reflect/">reflect</a></dt>
|
||
<dd>
|
||
<p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/47066 --><!-- CL 357331 -->
|
||
The method <a href="/pkg/reflect/#Value.Bytes"><code>Value.Bytes</code></a>
|
||
now accepts addressable arrays in addition to slices.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p><!-- CL 400954 -->
|
||
The methods <a href="/pkg/reflect/#Value.Len"><code>Value.Len</code></a>
|
||
and <a href="/pkg/reflect/#Value.Cap"><code>Value.Cap</code></a>
|
||
now successfully operate on a pointer to an array and return the length of that array,
|
||
to match what the <a href="https://go.dev/ref/spec#Length_and_capacity">builtin
|
||
<code>len</code> and <code>cap</code> functions do</a>.
|
||
</p>
|
||
</dd>
|
||
</dl><!-- reflect -->
|
||
|
||
<dl id="regexp/syntax"><dt><a href="/pkg/regexp/syntax/">regexp/syntax</a></dt>
|
||
<dd>
|
||
<p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/51684 --><!-- CL 401076 -->
|
||
Go 1.18 release candidate 1, Go 1.17.8, and Go 1.16.15 included a security fix
|
||
to the regular expression parser, making it reject very deeply nested expressions.
|
||
Because Go patch releases do not introduce new API,
|
||
the parser returned <a href="/pkg/regexp/syntax/#ErrInternalError"><code>syntax.ErrInternalError</code></a> in this case.
|
||
Go 1.19 adds a more specific error, <a href="/pkg/regexp/syntax/#ErrNestingDepth"><code>syntax.ErrNestingDepth</code></a>,
|
||
which the parser now returns instead.
|
||
</p>
|
||
</dd>
|
||
</dl><!-- regexp -->
|
||
|
||
<dl id="runtime"><dt><a href="/pkg/runtime/">runtime</a></dt>
|
||
<dd>
|
||
<p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/51461 -->
|
||
The <a href="/pkg/runtime/#GOROOT"><code>GOROOT</code></a> function now returns the empty string
|
||
(instead of <code>"go"</code>) when the binary was built with
|
||
the <code>-trimpath</code> flag set and the <code>GOROOT</code>
|
||
variable is not set in the process environment.
|
||
</p>
|
||
</dd>
|
||
</dl><!-- runtime -->
|
||
|
||
<dl id="runtime/metrics"><dt><a href="/pkg/runtime/metrics/">runtime/metrics</a></dt>
|
||
<dd>
|
||
<p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/47216 --><!-- CL 404305 -->
|
||
The new <code>/sched/gomaxprocs:threads</code>
|
||
<a href="/pkg/runtime/metrics/#hdr-Supported_metrics">metric</a> reports
|
||
the current
|
||
<a href="/pkg/runtime/#GOMAXPROCS"><code>runtime.GOMAXPROCS</code></a>
|
||
value.
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
<p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/47216 --><!-- CL 404306 -->
|
||
The new <code>/cgo/go-to-c-calls:calls</code>
|
||
<a href="/pkg/runtime/metrics/#hdr-Supported_metrics">metric</a>
|
||
reports the total number of calls made from Go to C. This metric is
|
||
identical to the
|
||
<a href="/pkg/runtime/#NumCgoCall"><code>runtime.NumCgoCall</code></a>
|
||
function.
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
<p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/48409 --><!-- CL 403614 -->
|
||
The new <code>/gc/limiter/last-enabled:gc-cycle</code>
|
||
<a href="/pkg/runtime/metrics/#hdr-Supported_metrics">metric</a>
|
||
reports the last GC cycle when the GC CPU limiter was enabled. See the
|
||
<a href="#runtime">runtime notes</a> for details about the GC CPU limiter.
|
||
</p>
|
||
</dd>
|
||
</dl><!-- runtime/metrics -->
|
||
|
||
<dl id="runtime/pprof"><dt><a href="/pkg/runtime/pprof/">runtime/pprof</a></dt>
|
||
<dd>
|
||
<p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/33250 --><!-- CL 387415 -->
|
||
Stop-the-world pause times have been significantly reduced when
|
||
collecting goroutine profiles, reducing the overall latency impact to the
|
||
application.
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
<p><!-- CL 391434 -->
|
||
<code>MaxRSS</code> is now reported in heap profiles for all Unix
|
||
operating systems (it was previously only reported for
|
||
<code>GOOS=android</code>, <code>darwin</code>, <code>ios</code>, and
|
||
<code>linux</code>).
|
||
</p>
|
||
</dd>
|
||
</dl><!-- runtime/pprof -->
|
||
|
||
<dl id="runtime/race"><dt><a href="/pkg/runtime/race/">runtime/race</a></dt>
|
||
<dd>
|
||
<p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/49761 --><!-- CL 333529 -->
|
||
The race detector has been upgraded to use thread sanitizer
|
||
version v3 on all supported platforms
|
||
except <code>windows/amd64</code>
|
||
and <code>openbsd/amd64</code>, which remain on v2.
|
||
Compared to v2, it is now typically 1.5x to 2x faster, uses half
|
||
as much memory, and it supports an unlimited number of
|
||
goroutines.
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
<p><!-- CL 336549 -->
|
||
The race detector is now supported on <code>GOARCH=s390x</code>.
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
<p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/52090 -->
|
||
Race detector support for <code>openbsd/amd64</code> has been
|
||
removed from thread sanitizer upstream, so it is unlikely to
|
||
ever be updated from v2.
|
||
</p>
|
||
</dd>
|
||
</dl><!-- runtime/race -->
|
||
|
||
<dl id="runtime/trace"><dt><a href="/pkg/runtime/trace/">runtime/trace</a></dt>
|
||
<dd>
|
||
<p><!-- CL 400795 -->
|
||
When tracing and the
|
||
<a href="/pkg/runtime/pprof#StartCPUProfile">CPU profiler</a> are
|
||
enabled simultaneously, the execution trace includes CPU profile
|
||
samples as instantaneous events.
|
||
</p>
|
||
</dd>
|
||
</dl><!-- runtime/trace -->
|
||
|
||
<dl id="sort"><dt><a href="/pkg/sort/">sort</a></dt>
|
||
<dd>
|
||
<p><!-- CL 371574 -->
|
||
The sorting algorithm has been rewritten to use
|
||
<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2106.05123.pdf">pattern-defeating quicksort</a>, which
|
||
is faster for several common scenarios.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/50340 --><!-- CL 396514 -->
|
||
The new function
|
||
<a href="/pkg/sort/#Find">Find</a>
|
||
is like
|
||
<a href="/pkg/sort/#Search">Search</a>
|
||
but often easier to use: it returns an additional boolean reporting whether an equal value was found.
|
||
</p>
|
||
</dd>
|
||
</dd>
|
||
</dl><!-- sort -->
|
||
|
||
<dl id="strconv"><dt><a href="/pkg/strconv/">strconv</a></dt>
|
||
<dd>
|
||
<p><!-- CL 397255 -->
|
||
<a href="/pkg/strconv/#Quote"><code>Quote</code></a>
|
||
and related functions now quote the rune U+007F as <code>\x7f</code>,
|
||
not <code>\u007f</code>,
|
||
for consistency with other ASCII values.
|
||
</p>
|
||
</dd>
|
||
</dl><!-- strconv -->
|
||
|
||
<dl id="syscall"><dt><a href="/pkg/syscall/">syscall</a></dt>
|
||
<dd>
|
||
<p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/51192 --><!-- CL 385796 -->
|
||
On PowerPC (<code>GOARCH=ppc64</code>, <code>ppc64le</code>),
|
||
<a href="/pkg/syscall/#Syscall"><code>Syscall</code></a>,
|
||
<a href="/pkg/syscall/#Syscall6"><code>Syscall6</code></a>,
|
||
<a href="/pkg/syscall/#RawSyscall"><code>RawSyscall</code></a>, and
|
||
<a href="/pkg/syscall/#RawSyscall6"><code>RawSyscall6</code></a>
|
||
now always return 0 for return value <code>r2</code> instead of an
|
||
undefined value.
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
<p><!-- CL 391434 -->
|
||
On AIX and Solaris, <code>Getrusage</code> is now defined.
|
||
</p>
|
||
</dd>
|
||
</dl><!-- syscall -->
|
||
|
||
<dl id="time"><dt><a href="/pkg/time/">time</a></dt>
|
||
<dd>
|
||
<p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/51414 --><!-- CL 393515 -->
|
||
The new method
|
||
<a href="/pkg/time/#Duration.Abs"><code>Duration.Abs</code></a>
|
||
provides a convenient and safe way to take the absolute value of a duration,
|
||
converting −2⁶³ to 2⁶³−1.
|
||
(This boundary case can happen as the result of subtracting a recent time from the zero time.)
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/50062 --><!-- CL 405374 -->
|
||
The new method
|
||
<a href="/pkg/time/#Time.ZoneBounds"><code>Time.ZoneBounds</code></a>
|
||
returns the start and end times of the time zone in effect at a given time.
|
||
It can be used in a loop to enumerate all the known time zone transitions at a given location.
|
||
</p>
|
||
</dd>
|
||
</dl><!-- time -->
|
||
|
||
<!-- Silence these false positives from x/build/cmd/relnote: -->
|
||
<!-- CL 382460 -->
|
||
<!-- CL 384154 -->
|
||
<!-- CL 384554 -->
|
||
<!-- CL 392134 -->
|
||
<!-- CL 392414 -->
|
||
<!-- CL 396215 -->
|
||
<!-- CL 403058 -->
|
||
<!-- CL 410133 -->
|
||
<!-- https://go.dev/issue/27837 -->
|
||
<!-- https://go.dev/issue/38340 -->
|
||
<!-- https://go.dev/issue/42516 -->
|
||
<!-- https://go.dev/issue/45713 -->
|
||
<!-- https://go.dev/issue/46654 -->
|
||
<!-- https://go.dev/issue/48257 -->
|
||
<!-- https://go.dev/issue/50447 -->
|
||
<!-- https://go.dev/issue/50720 -->
|
||
<!-- https://go.dev/issue/50792 -->
|
||
<!-- https://go.dev/issue/51115 -->
|
||
<!-- https://go.dev/issue/51447 -->
|