mirror of
https://github.com/golang/go
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![Jonathan Feinberg](/assets/img/avatar_default.png)
Link to the "installing from source" docs instead of the "installing" docs. Remind would-be hacker to switch to the default branch from the release branch. R=rsc CC=golang-dev https://golang.org/cl/6559043
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446 lines
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<!--{
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"Title": "Installing Go from source",
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"Path": "/doc/install/source"
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}-->
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<h2 id="introduction">Introduction</h2>
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<p>
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Go is an open source project, distributed under a
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<a href="/LICENSE">BSD-style license</a>.
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This document explains how to check out the sources,
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build them on your own machine, and run them.
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</p>
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<p>
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Most users don't need to do this, and will instead install
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from precompiled binary packages as described in
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<a href="/doc/install">Getting Started</a>,
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a much simpler process.
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If you want to help develop what goes into those precompiled
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packages, though, read on.
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</p>
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<div class="detail">
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<p>
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There are two official Go compiler tool chains.
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This document focuses on the <code>gc</code> Go
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compiler and tools (<code>6g</code>, <code>8g</code> etc.).
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For information on how to work on <code>gccgo</code>, a more traditional
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compiler using the GCC back end, see
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<a href="/doc/install/gccgo">Setting up and using gccgo</a>.
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</p>
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<p>
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The Go compilers support three instruction sets.
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There are important differences in the quality of the compilers for the different
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architectures.
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</p>
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<dl>
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<dt>
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<code>amd64</code> (a.k.a. <code>x86-64</code>); <code>6g,6l,6c,6a</code>
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</dt>
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<dd>
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A mature implementation. The compiler has an effective
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optimizer (registerizer) and generates good code (although
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<code>gccgo</code> can do noticeably better sometimes).
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</dd>
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<dt>
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<code>386</code> (a.k.a. <code>x86</code> or <code>x86-32</code>); <code>8g,8l,8c,8a</code>
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</dt>
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<dd>
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Comparable to the <code>amd64</code> port.
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</dd>
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<dt>
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<code>arm</code> (a.k.a. <code>ARM</code>); <code>5g,5l,5c,5a</code>
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</dt>
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<dd>
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Supports only Linux binaries. Less widely used than the other ports and therefore
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not as thoroughly tested.
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<p>
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Except for things like low-level operating system interface code, the run-time
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support is the same in all ports and includes a mark-and-sweep garbage
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collector, efficient array and string slicing, and support for efficient
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goroutines, such as stacks that grow and shrink on demand.
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</p>
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<p>
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The compilers can target the FreeBSD, Linux, NetBSD, OpenBSD, OS X (Darwin),
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and Windows operating systems.
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The full set of supported combinations is listed in the discussion of
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<a href="#environment">environment variables</a> below.
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</p>
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</div>
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<h2 id="ctools">Install C tools, if needed</h2>
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<p>
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The Go tool chain is written in C.
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To build it, you need a C compiler installed.
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</p>
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<p>
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On OS X, a C compiler is bundled in the command line tools for
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<a href="http://developer.apple.com/Xcode/">Xcode</a>,
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and you don't need to install the whole Xcode to compile Go.
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If you have already installed Xcode 4.3+, you can install command
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line tools from the Components tab of the Downloads preferences panel.
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To verify you have a working compiler, just invoke <code>gcc</code>
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in a freshly created Terminal window, unless you see the
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"<code>gcc: command not found</code>" error, you are ready to go.
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</p>
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<p>
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On Ubuntu/Debian, use <code>sudo apt-get install gcc libc6-dev</code>.
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If you want to build 32-bit binaries on a 64-bit system you'll also need the
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<code>libc6-dev-i386</code> package.
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</p>
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<p>
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On Windows, install <code>gcc</code> with
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<a href="http://www.mingw.org/">MinGW</a>.
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(Make sure you add its <code>bin</code> subdirectory to your <code>PATH</code>.)
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</p>
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<h2 id="mercurial">Install Mercurial, if needed</h2>
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<p>
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To perform the next step you must have Mercurial installed. (Check that you
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have an <code>hg</code> command.)
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</p>
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<p>
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If you do not have a working Mercurial installation,
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follow the instructions on the
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<a href="http://mercurial.selenic.com/downloads/">Mercurial downloads</a> page.
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</p>
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<p>
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Mercurial versions 1.7.x and up require the configuration of
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<a href="http://mercurial.selenic.com/wiki/CACertificates">Certification Authorities</a>
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(CAs). Error messages of the form:
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</p>
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<pre>
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warning: code.google.com certificate with fingerprint b1:af: ... bc not verified (check hostfingerprints or web.cacerts config setting)
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</pre>
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<p>
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when using Mercurial indicate that the CAs are missing.
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Check your Mercurial version (<code>hg --version</code>) and
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<a href="http://mercurial.selenic.com/wiki/CACertificates#Configuration_of_HTTPS_certificate_authorities">configure the CAs</a>
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if necessary.
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</p>
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<h2 id="fetch">Fetch the repository</h2>
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<p>Go will install to a directory named <code>go</code>.
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Change to the directory that will be its parent
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and make sure the <code>go</code> directory does not exist.
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Then check out the repository:</p>
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<pre>
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$ hg clone -u release https://code.google.com/p/go
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</pre>
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<h2 id="head">(Optional) Switch to the default branch</h2>
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<p>If you intend to modify the go source code, and
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<a href="/doc/contribute.html">contribute your changes</a>
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to the project, then move your repository
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off the release branch, and onto the default (development) branch.
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Otherwise, skip this step.</p>
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<pre>
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$ hg update default
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</pre>
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<h2 id="install">Install Go</h2>
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<p>
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To build the Go distribution, run
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</p>
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<pre>
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$ cd go/src
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$ ./all.bash
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</pre>
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<p>
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(To build under Windows use <code>all.bat</code>.)
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</p>
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<p>
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If all goes well, it will finish by printing output like:
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</p>
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<pre>
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ALL TESTS PASSED
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---
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Installed Go for linux/amd64 in /home/you/go.
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Installed commands in /home/you/go/bin.
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*** You need to add /home/you/go/bin to your $PATH. ***
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</pre>
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<p>
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where the details on the last few lines reflect the operating system,
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architecture, and root directory used during the install.
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</p>
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<div class="detail">
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<p>
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For more information about ways to control the build, see the discussion of
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<a href="#environment">environment variables</a> below.
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</p>
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</div>
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<h2 id="testing">Testing your installation</h2>
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<p>
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Check that Go is installed correctly by building a simple program.
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</p>
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<p>
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Create a file named <code>hello.go</code> and put the following program in it:
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</p>
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<pre>
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package main
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import "fmt"
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func main() {
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fmt.Printf("hello, world\n")
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}
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</pre>
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<p>
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Then run it with the <code>go</code> tool:
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</p>
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<pre>
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$ go run hello.go
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hello, world
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</pre>
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<p>
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If you see the "hello, world" message then Go is installed correctly.
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</p>
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<h2 id="gopath">Set up your work environment</h2>
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<p>
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The document <a href="/doc/code.html">How to Write Go Code</a> explains how to
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set up a work environment in which to build and test Go code.
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</p>
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<h2 id="community">Community resources</h2>
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<p>
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The usual community resources such as
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<code>#go-nuts</code> on the <a href="http://freenode.net/">Freenode</a> IRC server
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and the
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<a href="http://groups.google.com/group/golang-nuts">Go Nuts</a>
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mailing list have active developers that can help you with problems
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with your installation or your development work.
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For those who wish to keep up to date,
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there is another mailing list, <a href="http://groups.google.com/group/golang-checkins">golang-checkins</a>,
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that receives a message summarizing each checkin to the Go repository.
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</p>
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<p>
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Bugs can be reported using the <a href="http://code.google.com/p/go/issues/list">Go issue tracker</a>.
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</p>
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<h2 id="releases">Keeping up with releases</h2>
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<p>
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The Go project maintains a stable tag in its Mercurial repository:
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<code>release</code>.
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</p>
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<p>
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The <code>release</code> tag refers to the current stable release of Go.
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Most Go users should use this version. New releases are announced on the
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<a href="http://groups.google.com/group/golang-announce">golang-announce</a>
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mailing list.
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</p>
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<p>
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To update an existing tree to the latest release, you can run:
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</p>
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<pre>
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$ cd go/src
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$ hg pull
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$ hg update release
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$ ./all.bash
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</pre>
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<h2 id="environment">Optional environment variables</h2>
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<p>
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The Go compilation environment can be customized by environment variables.
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<i>None is required by the build</i>, but you may wish to set some
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to override the defaults.
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</p>
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<blockquote>
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<p><code>$GOROOT</code></p>
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<p>
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The root of the Go tree, often <code>$HOME/go</code>.
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Its value is built into the tree when it is compiled, and
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defaults to the parent of the directory where <code>all.bash</code> was run.
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There is no need to set this unless you want to switch between multiple
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local copies of the repository.
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</p>
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<p><code>$GOROOT_FINAL</code></p>
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<p>
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The value assumed by installed binaries and scripts when
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<code>$GOROOT</code> is not set explicitly.
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It defaults to the value of <code>$GOROOT</code>.
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If you want to build the Go tree in one location
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but move it elsewhere after the build, set
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<code>$GOROOT_FINAL</code> to the eventual location.
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</p>
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<p><code>$GOOS</code> and <code>$GOARCH</code></p>
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<p>
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The name of the target operating system and compilation architecture.
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These default to the values of <code>$GOHOSTOS</code> and
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<code>$GOHOSTARCH</code> respectively (described below).
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<p>
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Choices for <code>$GOOS</code> are
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<code>darwin</code> (Mac OS X 10.6 and above), <code>freebsd</code>,
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<code>linux</code>, <code>netbsd</code>, <code>openbsd</code>,
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<code>plan9</code>, and <code>windows</code>.
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Choices for <code>$GOARCH</code> are
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<code>amd64</code> (64-bit x86, the most mature port),
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<code>386</code> (32-bit x86), and <code>arm</code> (32-bit ARM).
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The valid combinations of <code>$GOOS</code> and <code>$GOARCH</code> are:
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<table cellpadding="0">
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<tr>
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<th width="50"><th align="left" width="100"><code>$GOOS</code></th> <th align="left" width="100"><code>$GOARCH</code></th> <th align="left"></th>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td></td><td><code>darwin</code></td> <td><code>386</code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td></td><td><code>darwin</code></td> <td><code>amd64</code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td></td><td><code>freebsd</code></td> <td><code>386</code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td></td><td><code>freebsd</code></td> <td><code>amd64</code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td></td><td><code>linux</code></td> <td><code>386</code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td></td><td><code>linux</code></td> <td><code>amd64</code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td></td><td><code>linux</code></td> <td><code>arm</code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td></td><td><code>netbsd</code></td> <td><code>386</code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td></td><td><code>netbsd</code></td> <td><code>amd64</code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td></td><td><code>openbsd</code></td> <td><code>386</code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td></td><td><code>openbsd</code></td> <td><code>amd64</code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td></td><td><code>plan9</code></td> <td><code>386</code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td></td><td><code>windows</code></td> <td><code>386</code></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td></td><td><code>windows</code></td> <td><code>amd64</code></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<p><code>$GOHOSTOS</code> and <code>$GOHOSTARCH</code></p>
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<p>
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The name of the host operating system and compilation architecture.
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These default to the local system's operating system and
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architecture.
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</p>
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<p>
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Valid choices are the same as for <code>$GOOS</code> and
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<code>$GOARCH</code>, listed above.
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The specified values must be compatible with the local system.
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For example, you should not set <code>$GOHOSTARCH</code> to
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<code>arm</code> on an x86 system.
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</p>
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<p><code>$GOBIN</code>
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<p>
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The location where Go binaries will be installed.
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The default is <code>$GOROOT/bin</code>.
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After installing, you will want to arrange to add this
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directory to your <code>$PATH</code>, so you can use the tools.
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If <code>$GOBIN</code> is set, the <a href="/cmd/go">go command</a>
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installs all commands there.
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</p>
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<p><code>$GOARM</code> (arm, default=6)</p>
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<p>
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The ARM architecture version the run-time libraries should target.
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Setting <code>$GOARM</code> to 5 causes the linker to emit calls
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to a software floating point implementation instead of using
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hardware floating point support.
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</p>
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</blockquote>
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<p>
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Note that <code>$GOARCH</code> and <code>$GOOS</code> identify the
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<em>target</em> environment, not the environment you are running on.
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In effect, you are always cross-compiling.
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By architecture, we mean the kind of binaries
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that the target environment can run:
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an x86-64 system running a 32-bit-only operating system
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must set <code>GOARCH</code> to <code>386</code>,
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not <code>amd64</code>.
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</p>
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<p>
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If you choose to override the defaults,
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set these variables in your shell profile (<code>$HOME/.bashrc</code>,
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<code>$HOME/.profile</code>, or equivalent). The settings might look
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something like this:
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</p>
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<pre>
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export GOROOT=$HOME/go
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export GOARCH=amd64
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export GOOS=linux
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</pre>
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<p>
|
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although, to reiterate, none of these variables needs to be set to build,
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install, and develop the Go tree.
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</p>
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