mirror of
https://github.com/golang/go
synced 2024-11-05 18:36:08 +00:00
453 lines
9.7 KiB
HTML
453 lines
9.7 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
|
|
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
|
|
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
|
|
<head>
|
|
<title>Go, Networked (January 21, 2010)</title>
|
|
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
|
|
<meta name="font-size-adjustment" content="-1" />
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="slidy.css"
|
|
type="text/css" media="screen, projection, print" />
|
|
<script src="slidy.js" type="text/javascript">
|
|
</script>
|
|
</head>
|
|
<body>
|
|
<!-- this defines the slide background -->
|
|
|
|
<div class="background">
|
|
|
|
<div class="header">
|
|
<!-- sized and colored via CSS -->
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="footer"></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="slide titlepage">
|
|
<div style="height: 135px; width: 480px; overflow: hidden; position: fixed; top: auto; bottom: 10px; left: auto; right: 0; ">
|
|
<img src="../gordon/bumper480x270.png" style="margin: -135px 0 0 0;"/>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<!-- <img src="../google.png" style="position: fixed; top: auto; bottom: 30px; left: 20px; right: auto;"/> -->
|
|
<br/>
|
|
<img src="../go-logo-white.png">
|
|
<br/>
|
|
<br/>
|
|
<h1 style="padding-right: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; color: #0066cc; font-size: 250%; border-bottom: 0px;">The Go Programming Language</h1>
|
|
<div style="color: #ffcc00;">
|
|
<h2>Russ Cox</h2>
|
|
<!-- <h3><i>rsc@google.com</i></h3> -->
|
|
<br/>
|
|
<h3>CNS Winter Research Review<br/><br/>January 21, 2010</h3>
|
|
<br/>
|
|
<br/>
|
|
<!--
|
|
<h4><i>click to start; then left/right arrow to change slides</i></h4> -->
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="slide">
|
|
<h1>Go</h1>
|
|
|
|
<h2>New</h2>
|
|
<h2>Experimental</h2>
|
|
<h2>Concurrent</h2>
|
|
<h2>Garbage-collected</h2>
|
|
<h2>Systems</h2>
|
|
<h2>Language</h2>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="slide">
|
|
<h1>Hello, world</h1>
|
|
<pre>
|
|
package main
|
|
|
|
import "fmt"
|
|
|
|
func main() {
|
|
fmt.Printf("Hello, 世界\n")
|
|
}
|
|
</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="slide">
|
|
<h1>History</h1>
|
|
|
|
<h2>Design started in late 2007.</h2>
|
|
<h2>Implementation starting to work mid-2008.</h2>
|
|
<h2>Released as an open source project in November 2009.</h2>
|
|
<h2>Work continues.<h2>
|
|
<h2>Robert Griesemer, Ken Thompson, Rob Pike, Ian Lance Taylor, Russ Cox, many others</h2>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="slide">
|
|
<h1>Goals and Motivation</h1>
|
|
|
|
<h2>Go fast!</h2>
|
|
<h2>Make programming fun again.</h2>
|
|
<h2>Targeted at systems software, broadly.</h2>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="slide">
|
|
<h1>Why isn't programming fun?</h1>
|
|
|
|
<div class="incremental">
|
|
<h2>Compiled, statically-typed languages (C, C++, Java) require too much typing and too much typing:</h2>
|
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>verbose, lots of repetition</li>
|
|
<li>too much focus on type hierarchy</li>
|
|
<li>types get in the way as much as they help</li>
|
|
<li>compiles take far too long</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="incremental">
|
|
<h2>Dynamic languages (Python, JavaScript) fix these problems (no more types, no more compiler) but introduce others:</h2>
|
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>errors at run time that should be caught statically</li>
|
|
<li>no compilation means slow code</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<h2 class="incremental">Can we combine the best of both?</h2>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="slide">
|
|
<h1>Why a new language?</h1>
|
|
|
|
<div class="incremental">
|
|
<h2>No new systems language in 10+ years.</h2>
|
|
<h2>Current languages designed before ...</h2>
|
|
<h3>... rise of large-scale, networked and multicore computing</h3>
|
|
<h3>... rise of Internet-scale distributed development (many libraries)</h3>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="slide">
|
|
<h1>Go</h1>
|
|
|
|
<h2>Make the language fast.</h2>
|
|
<h2>Make the tools fast.</h2>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="slide">
|
|
<h1>Compilation Demo</h1>
|
|
|
|
<h2>Build all standard Go packages: ~120,000 lines of code.</h2>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="slide">
|
|
<h1>Go in one slide</h1>
|
|
|
|
<h2 class="incremental">Lightweight syntax.</h2>
|
|
|
|
<h2 class="incremental">Static types: enough to compile well, but inferred much of the time.</h2>
|
|
|
|
<h2 class="incremental">Methods: on any type, orthogonal to type system.</h2>
|
|
|
|
<h2 class="incremental">Abstract types: interface values, relations inferred statically.</h2>
|
|
|
|
<h2 class="incremental">Visibility: inferred from case of name.</h2>
|
|
|
|
<h2 class="incremental">First-class functions.</h2>
|
|
|
|
<h2 class="incremental">Garbage collection.</h2>
|
|
|
|
<br/>
|
|
|
|
<h2 class="incremental">Lightweight feel of a scripting language but compiled.</h2>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="slide">
|
|
<h1>Go, concurrently</h1>
|
|
|
|
<h2>Cheap to create a new flow of control (goroutine):</h2>
|
|
|
|
<pre>
|
|
func main() {
|
|
go expensiveComputation(x, y, z)
|
|
anotherExpensiveComputation(a, b, c)
|
|
}
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
|
<h2>Two expensive computations in parallel.</h2>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="slide">
|
|
<h1>Go, concurrently</h1>
|
|
|
|
<h2>Cheap to create a new flow of control (goroutine):</h2>
|
|
|
|
<pre>
|
|
for {
|
|
rw := l.Accept()
|
|
conn := newConn(rw, handler)
|
|
go conn.serve()
|
|
}
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
|
<h2>Concurrent web server.</h2>
|
|
<h2>Network connections multiplexed onto epoll.</h2>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>many blocked Read calls != many blocked OS threads</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="slide">
|
|
<h1>Go, synchronized</h1>
|
|
|
|
<h2>Use explicit messages to communicate and synchronize.</h2>
|
|
|
|
<pre>
|
|
func computeAndSend(ch chan int, x, y, z int) {
|
|
ch <- expensiveComputation(x, y, z)
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
func main() {
|
|
ch := make(chan int)
|
|
go computeAndSend(ch, x, y, z)
|
|
v2 := anotherExpensiveComputation(a, b, c)
|
|
v1 := <-ch
|
|
fmt.Println(v1, v2)
|
|
}
|
|
</pre>
|
|
<h2>Notice communication of result in addition to synchronization.</h2>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="slide">
|
|
<h1>Go, synchronized</h1>
|
|
|
|
<h2>RPC client</h2>
|
|
|
|
<pre>
|
|
func (client *Client) Call(method string, args, reply interface{}) os.Error {
|
|
// Send RPC message.
|
|
call := client.Go(method, args, reply, nil)
|
|
|
|
// Read reply from Done channel.
|
|
<-call.Done
|
|
|
|
return call.Error
|
|
}
|
|
</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="slide">
|
|
<h1>Go, synchronized</h1>
|
|
|
|
<h2>RPC client demux</h2>
|
|
|
|
<pre>
|
|
func (client *Client) input() {
|
|
for {
|
|
resp := client.readResponse()
|
|
client.mutex.Lock()
|
|
c := client.pending[resp.Seq]
|
|
client.pending[resp.Seq] = c, false
|
|
client.mutex.Unlock()
|
|
if resp.Error != "" {
|
|
c.Error = os.ErrorString(resp.error)
|
|
}
|
|
resp.Decode(c.Reply)
|
|
c.Done <- c
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="slide">
|
|
<h1>Go, synchronized</h1>
|
|
|
|
<h2>RPC client demux</h2>
|
|
|
|
<pre>
|
|
func (client *Client) input() {
|
|
for {
|
|
<font style="color: black;">resp := client.readResponse()</font>
|
|
client.mutex.Lock()
|
|
c := client.pending[resp.Seq]
|
|
client.pending[resp.Seq] = c, false
|
|
client.mutex.Unlock()
|
|
if resp.Error != "" {
|
|
c.Error = os.ErrorString(resp.error)
|
|
}
|
|
resp.Decode(c.Reply)
|
|
c.Done <- c
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
</pre>
|
|
<h2>Read response from network.</h2
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="slide">
|
|
<h1>Go, synchronized</h1>
|
|
|
|
<h2>RPC client demux</h2>
|
|
|
|
<pre>
|
|
func (client *Client) input() {
|
|
for {
|
|
resp := client.readResponse()
|
|
<font style="color: black;">client.mutex.Lock()
|
|
c := client.pending[resp.Seq]
|
|
client.pending[resp.Seq] = c, false
|
|
client.mutex.Unlock()</font>
|
|
if resp.Error != "" {
|
|
c.Error = os.ErrorString(resp.error)
|
|
}
|
|
resp.Decode(c.Reply)
|
|
c.Done <- c
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
</pre>
|
|
<h2>Look up request by sequence number.</h2
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="slide">
|
|
<h1>Go, synchronized</h1>
|
|
|
|
<h2>RPC client demux</h2>
|
|
|
|
<pre>
|
|
func (client *Client) input() {
|
|
for {
|
|
resp := client.readResponse()
|
|
client.mutex.Lock()
|
|
c := client.pending[resp.Seq]
|
|
client.pending[resp.Seq] = c, false
|
|
client.mutex.Unlock()
|
|
<font style="color: black;">if resp.Error != "" {
|
|
c.Error = os.ErrorString(resp.error)
|
|
}
|
|
resp.Decode(c.Reply)</font>
|
|
c.Done <- c
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
</pre>
|
|
<h2>Decode response fields from payload.</h2
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="slide">
|
|
<h1>Go, synchronized</h1>
|
|
|
|
<h2>RPC client demux</h2>
|
|
|
|
<pre>
|
|
func (client *Client) input() {
|
|
for {
|
|
resp := client.readResponse()
|
|
client.mutex.Lock()
|
|
c := client.pending[resp.Seq]
|
|
client.pending[resp.Seq] = c, false
|
|
client.mutex.Unlock()
|
|
if resp.Error != "" {
|
|
c.Error = os.ErrorString(resp.error)
|
|
}
|
|
resp.Decode(c.Reply)
|
|
<font style="color: black;">c.Done <- c</font>
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
</pre>
|
|
<h2>Tell client that it finished.</h2
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="slide">
|
|
<h1>Go, synchronized</h1>
|
|
|
|
<h2>RPC client demux</h2>
|
|
|
|
<pre>
|
|
func (client *Client) input() {
|
|
for {
|
|
resp := client.readResponse()
|
|
client.mutex.Lock()
|
|
c := client.pending[resp.Seq]
|
|
client.pending[resp.Seq] = c, false
|
|
client.mutex.Unlock()
|
|
if resp.Error != "" {
|
|
c.Error = os.ErrorString(resp.error)
|
|
}
|
|
resp.Decode(c.Reply)
|
|
c.Done <- c
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
|
<h2>Can create multiple Calls with same Done channel
|
|
and distinguish which finished by inspecting value sent on channel.
|
|
</h2>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="slide">
|
|
<h1>Goroutine demo</h1>
|
|
|
|
<h2>Chain together 100,000 goroutines connected by 100,001 channels.</h2>
|
|
|
|
<h2>Send a value to one end of the chain.</h2>
|
|
|
|
<h2>Each passes it along, increments.</h2>
|
|
|
|
<h2>Receive value out the other end of the chain.</h2>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="slide">
|
|
<h1>Go Status</h1>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="slide">
|
|
<h1>Go Status</h1>
|
|
|
|
<h2>Open source:</h2>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>released on November 10, 2009
|
|
<li>regular releases (~ weekly)
|
|
<li>all development done in public Mercurial repository
|
|
<li>outside contributions welcome
|
|
<li>two independent compiler implementations
|
|
<li>XML, JSON, HTTP, TLS/SSL, native RPC, (network channels,) ...
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="slide">
|
|
<h1>Go Status</h1>
|
|
|
|
<h2>Open source</h2>
|
|
|
|
<h2>Portable:</h2>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>FreeBSD, Linux, OS X (x86, x86-64)
|
|
<li>(in progress) Linux arm, Native Client x86, Windows x86.
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="slide">
|
|
<h1>Go Status</h1>
|
|
|
|
<h2>Open source</h2>
|
|
<h2>Portable</h2>
|
|
|
|
<h2>Still in progress, experimental. Yet to come:</h2>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>production garbage collector
|
|
<li>generics?
|
|
<li>exceptions?
|
|
<li>unions or sum types?
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="slide titlepage">
|
|
<h1>Questions?</h1>
|
|
<br><br>
|
|
<center>
|
|
<img src="../gordon/bumper640x360.png">
|
|
</center>
|
|
<br><br>
|
|
<div style="color: #ffcc00;">
|
|
<!-- <h3><i>rsc@google.com</i></h3> -->
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</body></html>
|