diff --git a/src/cmd/compile/internal/noder/noder.go b/src/cmd/compile/internal/noder/noder.go
index 15b1bf7b9f..b68d7b7702 100644
--- a/src/cmd/compile/internal/noder/noder.go
+++ b/src/cmd/compile/internal/noder/noder.go
@@ -344,6 +344,9 @@ func (p *noder) pragma(pos syntax.Pos, blankLine bool, text string, old syntax.P
 		if flag == 0 && !allowedStdPragmas[verb] && base.Flag.Std {
 			p.error(syntax.Error{Pos: pos, Msg: fmt.Sprintf("//%s is not allowed in the standard library", verb)})
 		}
+		if flag == ir.NotInHeap && *base.Flag.LowerP != "runtime/internal/sys" {
+			p.error(syntax.Error{Pos: pos, Msg: "//go:notinheap only allowed in runtime/internal/sys"})
+		}
 		pragma.Flag |= flag
 		pragma.Pos = append(pragma.Pos, pragmaPos{flag, pos})
 	}
diff --git a/test/directive.go b/test/directive.go
index 147e81db2c..8da15e2437 100644
--- a/test/directive.go
+++ b/test/directive.go
@@ -29,17 +29,9 @@ const c = 1
 //go:noinline // ERROR "misplaced compiler directive"
 type T int
 
-// ok
-//go:notinheap
-type T1 int
-
 type (
-	//go:notinheap
 	//go:noinline // ERROR "misplaced compiler directive"
-	T2  int
-	T2b int
-	//go:notinheap
-	T2c int
+	T2 int
 	//go:noinline // ERROR "misplaced compiler directive"
 	T3 int
 )
@@ -61,11 +53,5 @@ func f() {
 	_ = func() {}
 
 	//go:noinline // ERROR "misplaced compiler directive"
-	// ok:
-	//go:notinheap
 	type T int
 }
-
-// someday there might be a directive that can apply to type aliases, but go:notinheap doesn't.
-//go:notinheap // ERROR "misplaced compiler directive"
-type T6 = int
diff --git a/test/directive2.go b/test/directive2.go
index e73e11235d..2bb9ca9f0a 100644
--- a/test/directive2.go
+++ b/test/directive2.go
@@ -13,21 +13,20 @@ package main
 
 //go:build bad // ERROR "misplaced compiler directive"
 
-//go:notinheap // ERROR "misplaced compiler directive"
+//go:noinline // ERROR "misplaced compiler directive"
 type (
-	T2  int //go:notinheap // ERROR "misplaced compiler directive"
+	T2  int //go:noinline // ERROR "misplaced compiler directive"
 	T2b int
 	T2c int
 	T3  int
 )
 
-//go:notinheap // ERROR "misplaced compiler directive"
+//go:noinline // ERROR "misplaced compiler directive"
 type (
-	//go:notinheap
 	T4 int
 )
 
-//go:notinheap // ERROR "misplaced compiler directive"
+//go:noinline // ERROR "misplaced compiler directive"
 type ()
 
 type T5 int
@@ -53,10 +52,6 @@ func f() {
 	const c = 1
 
 	_ = func() {}
-
-	// ok:
-	//go:notinheap
-	type T int
 }
 
 // EOF
diff --git a/test/fixedbugs/bug515.go b/test/fixedbugs/bug515.go
index 186f46609a..80d426fd67 100644
--- a/test/fixedbugs/bug515.go
+++ b/test/fixedbugs/bug515.go
@@ -6,16 +6,18 @@
 
 // Caused a gofrontend crash.
 
+//go:build gccgo
+
 package p
 
 //go:notinheap
 type S1 struct{}
 
 type S2 struct {
-	r interface { Read([]byte) (int, error) }
+	r      interface{ Read([]byte) (int, error) }
 	s1, s2 []byte
-	p *S1
-	n uintptr
+	p      *S1
+	n      uintptr
 }
 
 var V any = S2{}
diff --git a/test/notinheap2.go b/test/notinheap2.go
index 100ed37b72..cc1024ad5a 100644
--- a/test/notinheap2.go
+++ b/test/notinheap2.go
@@ -4,12 +4,16 @@
 // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
 
-// Test walk errors for go:notinheap.
+// Test walk errors for not-in-heap.
+
+//go:build cgo
 
 package p
 
-//go:notinheap
+import "runtime/cgo"
+
 type nih struct {
+	_    cgo.Incomplete
 	next *nih
 }
 
diff --git a/test/notinheap3.go b/test/notinheap3.go
index 5ace8d6793..b442ed42cd 100644
--- a/test/notinheap3.go
+++ b/test/notinheap3.go
@@ -6,8 +6,12 @@
 
 // Test write barrier elimination for notinheap.
 
+//go:build cgo
+
 package p
 
+import "runtime/cgo"
+
 type t1 struct {
 	x *nih
 	s []nih
@@ -20,8 +24,8 @@ type t2 struct {
 	y [1024]byte
 }
 
-//go:notinheap
 type nih struct {
+	_ cgo.Incomplete
 	x uintptr
 }
 
diff --git a/test/typeparam/mdempsky/11.go b/test/typeparam/mdempsky/11.go
deleted file mode 100644
index e86c038a10..0000000000
--- a/test/typeparam/mdempsky/11.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-// errorcheck
-
-// Copyright 2021 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
-// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
-// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
-
-// Reported by Cuong Manh Le.
-
-package p
-
-type a struct{}
-
-//go:notinheap
-type b a
-
-var _ = (*b)(new(a)) // ERROR "cannot convert"