[dev.typeparams] cmd/compile/internal/types2: clean up index expr implementation for type parameters

This makes the implementation match the intended spec behavior:

Given an index expression a[x] where a is a type parameter, the
index expression is valid if the constraint for a satisfies the
following criteria:

- Either all types in the constraint type set are maps, or none
  of them are.

- If the (type set) types are maps, they must all have the same
  key type. (This may be too strict, perhaps it's sufficient to
  ensure assignability, but we can always relax that later.)

- All (type set) types must have the same element types.

- If there are any arrays, a constant index must be in range for
  the shortest array.

Change-Id: I8c094c11e6fc9496c293871ccf93e3814c881e6f
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/332553
Trust: Robert Griesemer <gri@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Robert Findley <rfindley@google.com>

src/cmd/compile/internal/types2/index.go

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ func (check *Checker) indexExpr(x *operand, e *syntax.IndexExpr) (isFuncInst boo
 	// ordinary index expression
 	valid := false
 	length := int64(-1) // valid if >= 0
-	switch typ := optype(x.typ).(type) {
+	switch typ := under(x.typ).(type) {
 	case *Basic:
 		if isString(typ) {
 			valid = true
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ func (check *Checker) indexExpr(x *operand, e *syntax.IndexExpr) (isFuncInst boo
 		index := check.singleIndex(e)
 		if index == nil {
 			x.mode = invalid
-			return
+			return false
 		}
 		var key operand
 		check.expr(&key, index)
@@ -89,87 +89,80 @@ func (check *Checker) indexExpr(x *operand, e *syntax.IndexExpr) (isFuncInst boo
 		x.mode = mapindex
 		x.typ = typ.elem
 		x.expr = e
-		return
+		return false
 
-	case *Union:
-		// A union type can be indexed if all of the union's terms
-		// support indexing and have the same index and element
-		// type. Special rules apply for maps in the union type.
-		var tkey, telem Type // key is for map types only
-		nmaps := 0           // number of map types in union type
-		if typ.underIs(func(t Type) bool {
-			var e Type
-			switch t := t.(type) {
+	case *TypeParam:
+		// TODO(gri) report detailed failure cause for better error messages
+		var tkey, telem Type // tkey != nil if we have maps
+		if typ.underIs(func(u Type) bool {
+			var key, elem Type
+			alen := int64(-1) // valid if >= 0
+			switch t := u.(type) {
 			case *Basic:
-				if isString(t) {
-					e = universeByte
-				}
-			case *Array:
-				e = t.elem
-			case *Pointer:
-				if t := asArray(t.base); t != nil {
-					e = t.elem
-				}
-			case *Slice:
-				e = t.elem
-			case *Map:
-				// If there are multiple maps in the union type,
-				// they must have identical key types.
-				// TODO(gri) We may be able to relax this rule
-				// but it becomes complicated very quickly.
-				if tkey != nil && !Identical(t.key, tkey) {
+				if !isString(t) {
 					return false
 				}
-				tkey = t.key
-				e = t.elem
-				nmaps++
-			case *TypeParam:
-				check.errorf(x, "type of %s contains a type parameter - cannot index (implementation restriction)", x)
-			case *instance:
-				unimplemented()
-			}
-			if e == nil || telem != nil && !Identical(e, telem) {
+				elem = universeByte
+			case *Array:
+				elem = t.elem
+				alen = t.len
+			case *Pointer:
+				a, _ := under(t.base).(*Array)
+				if a == nil {
+					return false
+				}
+				elem = a.elem
+				alen = a.len
+			case *Slice:
+				elem = t.elem
+			case *Map:
+				key = t.key
+				elem = t.elem
+			default:
 				return false
 			}
-			telem = e
+			assert(elem != nil)
+			if telem == nil {
+				// first type
+				tkey, telem = key, elem
+				length = alen
+			} else {
+				// all map keys must be identical (incl. all nil)
+				if !Identical(key, tkey) {
+					return false
+				}
+				// all element types must be identical
+				if !Identical(elem, telem) {
+					return false
+				}
+				tkey, telem = key, elem
+				// track the minimal length for arrays
+				if alen >= 0 && alen < length {
+					length = alen
+				}
+			}
 			return true
 		}) {
-			// If there are maps, the index expression must be assignable
-			// to the map key type (as for simple map index expressions).
-			if nmaps > 0 {
+			// For maps, the index expression must be assignable to the map key type.
+			if tkey != nil {
 				index := check.singleIndex(e)
 				if index == nil {
 					x.mode = invalid
-					return
+					return false
 				}
 				var key operand
 				check.expr(&key, index)
 				check.assignment(&key, tkey, "map index")
 				// ok to continue even if indexing failed - map element type is known
-
-				// If there are only maps, we are done.
-				if nmaps == typ.NumTerms() {
-					x.mode = mapindex
-					x.typ = telem
-					x.expr = e
-					return
-				}
-
-				// Otherwise we have mix of maps and other types. For
-				// now we require that the map key be an integer type.
-				// TODO(gri) This is probably not good enough.
-				valid = isInteger(tkey)
-				// avoid 2nd indexing error if indexing failed above
-				if !valid && key.mode == invalid {
-					x.mode = invalid
-					return
-				}
-				x.mode = value // map index expressions are not addressable
-			} else {
-				// no maps
-				valid = true
-				x.mode = variable
+				x.mode = mapindex
+				x.typ = telem
+				x.expr = e
+				return false
 			}
+
+			// no maps
+			valid = true
+			x.mode = variable
 			x.typ = telem
 		}
 	}
@@ -177,13 +170,13 @@ func (check *Checker) indexExpr(x *operand, e *syntax.IndexExpr) (isFuncInst boo
 	if !valid {
 		check.errorf(x, invalidOp+"cannot index %s", x)
 		x.mode = invalid
-		return
+		return false
 	}
 
 	index := check.singleIndex(e)
 	if index == nil {
 		x.mode = invalid
-		return
+		return false
 	}
 
 	// In pathological (invalid) cases (e.g.: type T1 [][[]T1{}[0][0]]T0)

src/cmd/compile/internal/types2/testdata/check/typeparams.go2

@@ -98,18 +98,23 @@ func _[T any] (x T, i int) { _ = x /* ERROR "cannot index" */ [i] }
 func _[T interface{ ~int }] (x T, i int) { _ = x /* ERROR "cannot index" */ [i] }
 func _[T interface{ ~string }] (x T, i int) { _ = x[i] }
 func _[T interface{ ~[]int }] (x T, i int) { _ = x[i] }
-func _[T interface{ ~[10]int | ~*[20]int | ~map[int]int }] (x T, i int) { _ = x[i] }
+func _[T interface{ ~[10]int | ~*[20]int | ~map[int]int }] (x T, i int) { _ = x /* ERROR cannot index */ [i] } // map and non-map types
 func _[T interface{ ~string | ~[]byte }] (x T, i int) { _ = x[i] }
 func _[T interface{ ~[]int | ~[1]rune }] (x T, i int) { _ = x /* ERROR "cannot index" */ [i] }
 func _[T interface{ ~string | ~[]rune }] (x T, i int) { _ = x /* ERROR "cannot index" */ [i] }
 
-// indexing with various combinations of map types in type lists (see issue #42616)
-func _[T interface{ ~[]E | ~map[int]E }, E any](x T, i int) { _ = x[i] }
+// indexing with various combinations of map types in type sets (see issue #42616)
+func _[T interface{ ~[]E | ~map[int]E }, E any](x T, i int) { _ = x /* ERROR cannot index */ [i] } // map and non-map types
 func _[T interface{ ~[]E }, E any](x T, i int) { _ = &x[i] }
 func _[T interface{ ~map[int]E }, E any](x T, i int) { _, _ = x[i] } // comma-ok permitted
-func _[T interface{ ~[]E | ~map[int]E }, E any](x T, i int) { _ = &x /* ERROR cannot take address */ [i] }
-func _[T interface{ ~[]E | ~map[int]E | ~map[uint]E }, E any](x T, i int) { _ = x /* ERROR cannot index */ [i] } // different map element types
-func _[T interface{ ~[]E | ~map[string]E }, E any](x T, i int) { _ = x[i /* ERROR cannot use i */ ] }
+func _[T interface{ ~map[int]E }, E any](x T, i int) { _ = &x /* ERROR cannot take address */ [i] }
+func _[T interface{ ~map[int]E | ~map[uint]E }, E any](x T, i int) { _ = x /* ERROR cannot index */ [i] } // different map element types
+func _[T interface{ ~[]E | ~map[string]E }, E any](x T, i int) { _ = x /* ERROR cannot index */ [i] } // map and non-map types
+
+// indexing with various combinations of array and other types in type sets
+func _[T interface{ [10]int }](x T, i int) { _ = x[i]; _ = x[9]; _ = x[10 /* ERROR out of bounds */ ] }
+func _[T interface{ [10]byte | string }](x T, i int) { _ = x[i]; _ = x[9]; _ = x[10 /* ERROR out of bounds */ ] }
+func _[T interface{ [10]int | *[20]int | []int }](x T, i int) { _ = x[i]; _ = x[9]; _ = x[10 /* ERROR out of bounds */ ] }
 
 // slicing
 // TODO(gri) implement this

src/cmd/compile/internal/types2/testdata/fixedbugs/issue45635.go2

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ type N[T any] struct{}
 var _ N[] /* ERROR expecting type */
 
 type I interface {
-	~map[int]int | ~[]int
+	~[]int
 }
 
 func _[T I](i, j int) {
@@ -27,6 +27,5 @@ func _[T I](i, j int) {
 	_ = s[i, j /* ERROR more than one index */ ]
 
 	var t T
-	// TODO(gri) fix multiple error below
-	_ = t[i, j /* ERROR more than one index */ /* ERROR more than one index */ ]
+	_ = t[i, j /* ERROR more than one index */ ]
 }

src/cmd/compile/internal/types2/typeparam.go

@@ -78,3 +78,10 @@ func (t *TypeParam) SetBound(bound Type) {
 
 func (t *TypeParam) Underlying() Type { return t }
 func (t *TypeParam) String() string   { return TypeString(t, nil) }
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Implementation
+
+func (t *TypeParam) underIs(f func(Type) bool) bool {
+	return t.Bound().typeSet().underIs(f)
+}

src/cmd/compile/internal/types2/typeset.go

@@ -75,6 +75,21 @@ func (s *TypeSet) String() string {
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Implementation
 
+// underIs reports whether f returned true for the underlying types of the
+// enumerable types in the type set s. If the type set comprises all types
+// f is called once with the top type; if the type set is empty, the result
+// is false.
+func (s *TypeSet) underIs(f func(Type) bool) bool {
+	switch t := s.types.(type) {
+	case nil:
+		return f(theTop)
+	default:
+		return f(t)
+	case *Union:
+		return t.underIs(f)
+	}
+}
+
 // topTypeSet may be used as type set for the empty interface.
 var topTypeSet TypeSet
 

src/cmd/compile/internal/types2/typestring.go

@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ func writeType(buf *bytes.Buffer, typ Type, qf Qualifier, visited []Type) {
 		}
 		for i, e := range t.types {
 			if i > 0 {
-				buf.WriteString("|")
+				buf.WriteByte('|')
 			}
 			if t.tilde[i] {
 				buf.WriteByte('~')

src/cmd/compile/internal/types2/union.go

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ func (u *Union) is(f func(Type, bool) bool) bool {
 	return true
 }
 
-// is reports whether f returned true for the underlying types of all terms of u.
+// underIs reports whether f returned true for the underlying types of all terms of u.
 func (u *Union) underIs(f func(Type) bool) bool {
 	if u.IsEmpty() {
 		return false