[vm/kernel] Change "constants" kernel2kernel transformation to be able to recover from errors

Instead of simply throwing an exception when a compile-time error was
discovered during constant evaluation, we report the error and continue
transforming.

This also collects a context, which can be used by error reporters to
show users in which context an error occured.

The reason for using an interface for reporting errors is to be able to
report reasonable nice error messages, keep the transformation inside
package:kernel and allow users of the transformation to possibly report
nicer error message, e.g. by adding quotes of source positions (which
will come in another CL). This makes it slightly verbose.

Change-Id: I965cafc690dddb525b20368d03bb978e18a6ee58
Reviewed-on: https://dart-review.googlesource.com/52447
Commit-Queue: Martin Kustermann <kustermann@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Vyacheslav Egorov <vegorov@google.com>

pkg/vm/lib/transformations/no_dynamic_invocations_annotator.dart

@@ -163,6 +163,13 @@ class DynamicSelectorsCollector extends RecursiveVisitor<Null> {
     return v;
   }
 
+  @override
+  visitConstantExpression(ConstantExpression node) {
+    // We run the kernel2kernel "constants" transformation before running the
+    // this transformation, so we will encounter constant expressions.
+    // We don't need to do anything here, because there are no invocations.
+  }
+
   @override
   visitMethodInvocation(MethodInvocation node) {
     super.visitMethodInvocation(node);