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74faed299f
Documented insertion of script directory in path. Updated author's address. Changed MAILING LIST section to INTERNET RESOURCES.
222 lines
6.7 KiB
Groff
222 lines
6.7 KiB
Groff
.TH PYTHON "30 July 1996"
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.SH NAME
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python \- an interpreted, interactive, object-oriented programming language
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.B python
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[
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.B \-d
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]
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[
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.B \-i
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]
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[
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.B \-s
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]
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[
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.B \-u
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]
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[
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.B \-v
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]
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[
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.B \-c
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.I command
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.I script
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\-
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]
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[
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.I arguments
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]
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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Python is an interpreted, interactive, object-oriented programming
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language that combines remarkable power with very clear syntax.
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For an introduction to programming in Python you are referred to the
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Python Tutorial.
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The Python Library Reference documents built-in and standard types,
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constants, functions and modules.
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Finally, the Python Reference Manual describes the syntax and
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semantics of the core language in (perhaps too) much detail.
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.PP
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Python's basic power can be extended with your own modules written in
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C or C++.
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On most systems such modules may be dynamically loaded.
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Python is also adaptable as an extension language for existing
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applications.
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See the internal documentation for hints.
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.SH COMMAND LINE OPTIONS
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.TP
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.B \-d
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Turn on parser debugging output (for wizards only, depending on
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compilation options).
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.TP
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.B \-i
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When a script is passed as first argument or the \fB\-c\fP option is
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used, enter interactive mode after executing the script or the
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command. It does not read the $PYTHONSTARTUP file. This can be
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useful to inspect global variables or a stack trace when a script
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raises an exception.
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.TP
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.B \-s
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Suppresses the automatic printing of expressions entered in
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interactive mode (useful when input is actually generated e.g. by
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Emacs).
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.TP
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.B \-u
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Force stdout and stderr to be totally unbuffered.
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.TP
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.B \-v
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Print a message each time a module is initialized, showing the place
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(filename or built-in module) from which it is loaded.
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.TP
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.BI "\-c " command
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Specify the command to execute (see next section).
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This terminates the option list (following options are passed as
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arguments to the command).
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.SH INTERPRETER INTERFACE
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The interpreter interface resembles that of the UNIX shell: when
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called with standard input connected to a tty device, it prompts for
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commands and executes them until an EOF is read; when called with a
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file name argument or with a file as standard input, it reads and
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executes a
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.I script
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from that file;
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when called with
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.B \-c
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.I command,
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it executes the Python statement(s) given as
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.I command.
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Here
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.I command
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may contain multiple statements separated by newlines.
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Leading whitespace is significant in Python statements!
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In non-interactive mode, the entire input is parsed befored it is
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executed.
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.PP
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If available, the script name and additional arguments thereafter are
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passed to the script in the Python variable
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.I sys.argv ,
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which is a list of strings (you must first
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.I import sys
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to be able to access it).
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If no script name is given,
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.I sys.argv
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is empty; if
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.B \-c
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is used,
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.I sys.argv[0]
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contains the string
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.I '-c'.
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Note that options interpreted by the Python interpreter itself
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are not placed in
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.I sys.argv.
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.PP
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In interactive mode, the primary prompt is `>>>'; the second prompt
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(which appears when a command is not complete) is `...'.
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The prompts can be changed by assignment to
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.I sys.ps1
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or
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.I sys.ps2.
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The interpreter quits when it reads an EOF at a prompt.
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When an unhandled exception occurs, a stack trace is printed and
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control returns to the primary prompt; in non-interactive mode, the
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interpreter exits after printing the stack trace.
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The interrupt signal raises the
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.I Keyboard\%Interrupt
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exception; other UNIX signals are not caught (except that SIGPIPE is
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sometimes ignored, in favor of the
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.I IOError
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exception). Error messages are written to stderr.
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.SH FILES AND DIRECTORIES
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These are subject to difference depending on local installation
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conventions:
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.IP /usr/local/bin/python
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Recommended location of the interpreter.
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.IP /usr/local/lib/python1.4
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Recommended location of the directory containing the standard modules.
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.SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
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.IP PYTHONPATH
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Augments the default search path for module files.
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The format is the same as the shell's $PATH: one or more directory
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pathnames separated by colons.
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Non-existant directories are silently ignored.
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The default search path is installation dependent, but always begins
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with `.', (for example,
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.I .:/usr/local/lib/python ).
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The default search path is appended to $PYTHONPATH.
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If a script argument is given, the directory containing the script is
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inserted in the path in front of $PYTHONPATH.
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The search path can be manipulated from within a Python program as the
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variable
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.I sys.path .
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.IP PYTHONSTARTUP
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If this is the name of a readable file, the Python commands in that
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file are executed before the first prompt is displayed in interactive
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mode.
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The file is executed in the same name space where interactive commands
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are executed so that objects defined or imported in it can be used
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without qualification in the interactive session.
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You can also change the prompts
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.I sys.ps1
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and
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.I sys.ps2
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in this file.
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.IP PYTHONDEBUG
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If this is set to a non-empty string it is equivalent to specifying
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the \fB\-d\fP option.
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.IP PYTHONINSPECT
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If this is set to a non-empty string it is equivalent to specifying
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the \fB\-i\fP option.
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.IP PYTHONSUPPRESS
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If this is set to a non-empty string it is equivalent to specifying
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the \fB\-s\fP option.
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.IP PYTHONUNBUFFERED
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If this is set to a non-empty string it is equivalent to specifying
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the \fB\-u\fP option.
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.IP PYTHONVERBOSE
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If this is set to a non-empty string it is equivalent to specifying
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the \fB\-v\fP option.
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.SH SEE ALSO
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Python Tutorial
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.br
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Python Library Reference
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.br
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Python Reference Manual
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.SH AUTHOR
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.nf
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Guido van Rossum
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CNRI
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1895 Preston White Drive
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Reston, VA 20191
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USA
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.PP
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E-mail: guido@cnri.reston.va.us, guido@python.org
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.fi
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.SH INTERNET RESOURCES
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Web site: http://www.python.org
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.br
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FTP site: ftp://ftp.python.org
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.br
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Newsgroup: comp.lang.python
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.SH COPYRIGHT
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Copyright 1991-1995 by Stichting Mathematisch Centrum, Amsterdam,
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The Netherlands.
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.IP " "
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All Rights Reserved
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.PP
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Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its
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documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted,
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provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that
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both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in
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supporting documentation, and that the names of Stichting Mathematisch
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Centrum or CWI not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to
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distribution of the software without specific, written prior permission.
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STICHTING MATHEMATISCH CENTRUM DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO
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THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
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FITNESS, IN NO EVENT SHALL STICHTING MATHEMATISCH CENTRUM BE LIABLE
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FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
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WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
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ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT
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OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
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