mirror of
https://github.com/python/cpython
synced 2024-09-05 08:17:45 +00:00
![Simon McVittie](/assets/img/avatar_default.png)
gvfs-open was deprecated in 2015 and removed in 2018, but its replacement, gio(1), is not available in Ubuntu 16.04, which is apparently still supported by CPython upstream even though it is considered to be EOL by Ubuntu developers. Signed-off-by: Simon McVittie <smcv@debian.org>
736 lines
24 KiB
Python
Executable file
736 lines
24 KiB
Python
Executable file
#! /usr/bin/env python3
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"""Interfaces for launching and remotely controlling web browsers."""
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# Maintained by Georg Brandl.
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import os
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import shlex
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import shutil
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import sys
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import subprocess
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import threading
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import warnings
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__all__ = ["Error", "open", "open_new", "open_new_tab", "get", "register"]
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class Error(Exception):
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pass
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_lock = threading.RLock()
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_browsers = {} # Dictionary of available browser controllers
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_tryorder = None # Preference order of available browsers
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_os_preferred_browser = None # The preferred browser
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def register(name, klass, instance=None, *, preferred=False):
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"""Register a browser connector."""
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with _lock:
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if _tryorder is None:
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register_standard_browsers()
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_browsers[name.lower()] = [klass, instance]
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# Preferred browsers go to the front of the list.
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# Need to match to the default browser returned by xdg-settings, which
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# may be of the form e.g. "firefox.desktop".
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if preferred or (_os_preferred_browser and name in _os_preferred_browser):
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_tryorder.insert(0, name)
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else:
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_tryorder.append(name)
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def get(using=None):
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"""Return a browser launcher instance appropriate for the environment."""
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if _tryorder is None:
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with _lock:
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if _tryorder is None:
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register_standard_browsers()
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if using is not None:
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alternatives = [using]
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else:
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alternatives = _tryorder
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for browser in alternatives:
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if '%s' in browser:
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# User gave us a command line, split it into name and args
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browser = shlex.split(browser)
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if browser[-1] == '&':
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return BackgroundBrowser(browser[:-1])
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else:
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return GenericBrowser(browser)
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else:
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# User gave us a browser name or path.
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try:
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command = _browsers[browser.lower()]
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except KeyError:
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command = _synthesize(browser)
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if command[1] is not None:
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return command[1]
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elif command[0] is not None:
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return command[0]()
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raise Error("could not locate runnable browser")
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# Please note: the following definition hides a builtin function.
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# It is recommended one does "import webbrowser" and uses webbrowser.open(url)
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# instead of "from webbrowser import *".
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def open(url, new=0, autoraise=True):
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"""Display url using the default browser.
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If possible, open url in a location determined by new.
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- 0: the same browser window (the default).
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- 1: a new browser window.
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- 2: a new browser page ("tab").
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If possible, autoraise raises the window (the default) or not.
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"""
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if _tryorder is None:
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with _lock:
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if _tryorder is None:
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register_standard_browsers()
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for name in _tryorder:
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browser = get(name)
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if browser.open(url, new, autoraise):
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return True
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return False
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def open_new(url):
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"""Open url in a new window of the default browser.
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If not possible, then open url in the only browser window.
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"""
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return open(url, 1)
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def open_new_tab(url):
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"""Open url in a new page ("tab") of the default browser.
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If not possible, then the behavior becomes equivalent to open_new().
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"""
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return open(url, 2)
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def _synthesize(browser, *, preferred=False):
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"""Attempt to synthesize a controller based on existing controllers.
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This is useful to create a controller when a user specifies a path to
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an entry in the BROWSER environment variable -- we can copy a general
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controller to operate using a specific installation of the desired
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browser in this way.
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If we can't create a controller in this way, or if there is no
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executable for the requested browser, return [None, None].
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"""
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cmd = browser.split()[0]
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if not shutil.which(cmd):
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return [None, None]
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name = os.path.basename(cmd)
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try:
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command = _browsers[name.lower()]
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except KeyError:
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return [None, None]
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# now attempt to clone to fit the new name:
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controller = command[1]
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if controller and name.lower() == controller.basename:
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import copy
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controller = copy.copy(controller)
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controller.name = browser
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controller.basename = os.path.basename(browser)
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register(browser, None, instance=controller, preferred=preferred)
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return [None, controller]
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return [None, None]
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# General parent classes
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class BaseBrowser(object):
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"""Parent class for all browsers. Do not use directly."""
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args = ['%s']
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def __init__(self, name=""):
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self.name = name
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self.basename = name
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def open(self, url, new=0, autoraise=True):
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raise NotImplementedError
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def open_new(self, url):
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return self.open(url, 1)
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def open_new_tab(self, url):
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return self.open(url, 2)
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class GenericBrowser(BaseBrowser):
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"""Class for all browsers started with a command
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and without remote functionality."""
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def __init__(self, name):
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if isinstance(name, str):
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self.name = name
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self.args = ["%s"]
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else:
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# name should be a list with arguments
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self.name = name[0]
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self.args = name[1:]
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self.basename = os.path.basename(self.name)
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def open(self, url, new=0, autoraise=True):
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sys.audit("webbrowser.open", url)
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cmdline = [self.name] + [arg.replace("%s", url)
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for arg in self.args]
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try:
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if sys.platform[:3] == 'win':
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p = subprocess.Popen(cmdline)
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else:
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p = subprocess.Popen(cmdline, close_fds=True)
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return not p.wait()
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except OSError:
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return False
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class BackgroundBrowser(GenericBrowser):
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"""Class for all browsers which are to be started in the
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background."""
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def open(self, url, new=0, autoraise=True):
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cmdline = [self.name] + [arg.replace("%s", url)
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for arg in self.args]
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sys.audit("webbrowser.open", url)
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try:
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if sys.platform[:3] == 'win':
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p = subprocess.Popen(cmdline)
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else:
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p = subprocess.Popen(cmdline, close_fds=True,
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start_new_session=True)
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return (p.poll() is None)
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except OSError:
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return False
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class UnixBrowser(BaseBrowser):
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"""Parent class for all Unix browsers with remote functionality."""
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raise_opts = None
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background = False
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redirect_stdout = True
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# In remote_args, %s will be replaced with the requested URL. %action will
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# be replaced depending on the value of 'new' passed to open.
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# remote_action is used for new=0 (open). If newwin is not None, it is
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# used for new=1 (open_new). If newtab is not None, it is used for
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# new=3 (open_new_tab). After both substitutions are made, any empty
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# strings in the transformed remote_args list will be removed.
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remote_args = ['%action', '%s']
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remote_action = None
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remote_action_newwin = None
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remote_action_newtab = None
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def _invoke(self, args, remote, autoraise, url=None):
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raise_opt = []
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if remote and self.raise_opts:
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# use autoraise argument only for remote invocation
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autoraise = int(autoraise)
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opt = self.raise_opts[autoraise]
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if opt: raise_opt = [opt]
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cmdline = [self.name] + raise_opt + args
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if remote or self.background:
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inout = subprocess.DEVNULL
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else:
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# for TTY browsers, we need stdin/out
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inout = None
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p = subprocess.Popen(cmdline, close_fds=True, stdin=inout,
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stdout=(self.redirect_stdout and inout or None),
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stderr=inout, start_new_session=True)
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if remote:
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# wait at most five seconds. If the subprocess is not finished, the
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# remote invocation has (hopefully) started a new instance.
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try:
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rc = p.wait(5)
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# if remote call failed, open() will try direct invocation
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return not rc
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except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
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return True
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elif self.background:
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if p.poll() is None:
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return True
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else:
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return False
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else:
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return not p.wait()
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def open(self, url, new=0, autoraise=True):
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sys.audit("webbrowser.open", url)
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if new == 0:
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action = self.remote_action
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elif new == 1:
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action = self.remote_action_newwin
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elif new == 2:
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if self.remote_action_newtab is None:
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action = self.remote_action_newwin
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else:
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action = self.remote_action_newtab
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else:
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raise Error("Bad 'new' parameter to open(); " +
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"expected 0, 1, or 2, got %s" % new)
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args = [arg.replace("%s", url).replace("%action", action)
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for arg in self.remote_args]
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args = [arg for arg in args if arg]
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success = self._invoke(args, True, autoraise, url)
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if not success:
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# remote invocation failed, try straight way
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args = [arg.replace("%s", url) for arg in self.args]
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return self._invoke(args, False, False)
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else:
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return True
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class Mozilla(UnixBrowser):
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"""Launcher class for Mozilla browsers."""
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remote_args = ['%action', '%s']
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remote_action = ""
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remote_action_newwin = "-new-window"
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remote_action_newtab = "-new-tab"
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background = True
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class Netscape(UnixBrowser):
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"""Launcher class for Netscape browser."""
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raise_opts = ["-noraise", "-raise"]
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remote_args = ['-remote', 'openURL(%s%action)']
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remote_action = ""
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remote_action_newwin = ",new-window"
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remote_action_newtab = ",new-tab"
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background = True
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class Galeon(UnixBrowser):
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"""Launcher class for Galeon/Epiphany browsers."""
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raise_opts = ["-noraise", ""]
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remote_args = ['%action', '%s']
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remote_action = "-n"
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remote_action_newwin = "-w"
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background = True
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class Chrome(UnixBrowser):
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"Launcher class for Google Chrome browser."
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remote_args = ['%action', '%s']
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remote_action = ""
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remote_action_newwin = "--new-window"
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remote_action_newtab = ""
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background = True
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Chromium = Chrome
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class Opera(UnixBrowser):
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"Launcher class for Opera browser."
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remote_args = ['%action', '%s']
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remote_action = ""
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remote_action_newwin = "--new-window"
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remote_action_newtab = ""
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background = True
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class Elinks(UnixBrowser):
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"Launcher class for Elinks browsers."
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remote_args = ['-remote', 'openURL(%s%action)']
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remote_action = ""
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remote_action_newwin = ",new-window"
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remote_action_newtab = ",new-tab"
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background = False
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# elinks doesn't like its stdout to be redirected -
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# it uses redirected stdout as a signal to do -dump
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redirect_stdout = False
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class Konqueror(BaseBrowser):
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"""Controller for the KDE File Manager (kfm, or Konqueror).
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See the output of ``kfmclient --commands``
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for more information on the Konqueror remote-control interface.
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"""
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def open(self, url, new=0, autoraise=True):
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sys.audit("webbrowser.open", url)
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# XXX Currently I know no way to prevent KFM from opening a new win.
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if new == 2:
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action = "newTab"
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else:
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action = "openURL"
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devnull = subprocess.DEVNULL
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try:
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p = subprocess.Popen(["kfmclient", action, url],
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close_fds=True, stdin=devnull,
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stdout=devnull, stderr=devnull)
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except OSError:
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# fall through to next variant
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pass
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else:
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p.wait()
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# kfmclient's return code unfortunately has no meaning as it seems
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return True
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try:
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p = subprocess.Popen(["konqueror", "--silent", url],
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close_fds=True, stdin=devnull,
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stdout=devnull, stderr=devnull,
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start_new_session=True)
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except OSError:
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# fall through to next variant
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pass
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else:
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if p.poll() is None:
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# Should be running now.
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return True
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try:
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p = subprocess.Popen(["kfm", "-d", url],
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close_fds=True, stdin=devnull,
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stdout=devnull, stderr=devnull,
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start_new_session=True)
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except OSError:
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return False
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else:
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return (p.poll() is None)
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class Grail(BaseBrowser):
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# There should be a way to maintain a connection to Grail, but the
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# Grail remote control protocol doesn't really allow that at this
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# point. It probably never will!
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def _find_grail_rc(self):
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import glob
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import pwd
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import socket
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import tempfile
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tempdir = os.path.join(tempfile.gettempdir(),
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".grail-unix")
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user = pwd.getpwuid(os.getuid())[0]
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filename = os.path.join(glob.escape(tempdir), glob.escape(user) + "-*")
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maybes = glob.glob(filename)
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if not maybes:
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return None
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s = socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
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for fn in maybes:
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# need to PING each one until we find one that's live
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try:
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s.connect(fn)
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except OSError:
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# no good; attempt to clean it out, but don't fail:
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try:
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os.unlink(fn)
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except OSError:
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pass
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else:
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return s
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def _remote(self, action):
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s = self._find_grail_rc()
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if not s:
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return 0
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s.send(action)
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s.close()
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return 1
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def open(self, url, new=0, autoraise=True):
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sys.audit("webbrowser.open", url)
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if new:
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ok = self._remote("LOADNEW " + url)
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else:
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ok = self._remote("LOAD " + url)
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return ok
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#
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# Platform support for Unix
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#
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# These are the right tests because all these Unix browsers require either
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# a console terminal or an X display to run.
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def register_X_browsers():
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# use xdg-open if around
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if shutil.which("xdg-open"):
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register("xdg-open", None, BackgroundBrowser("xdg-open"))
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# Opens an appropriate browser for the URL scheme according to
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# freedesktop.org settings (GNOME, KDE, XFCE, etc.)
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if shutil.which("gio"):
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register("gio", None, BackgroundBrowser(["gio", "open", "--", "%s"]))
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# Equivalent of gio open before 2015
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if "GNOME_DESKTOP_SESSION_ID" in os.environ and shutil.which("gvfs-open"):
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register("gvfs-open", None, BackgroundBrowser("gvfs-open"))
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# The default KDE browser
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if "KDE_FULL_SESSION" in os.environ and shutil.which("kfmclient"):
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register("kfmclient", Konqueror, Konqueror("kfmclient"))
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if shutil.which("x-www-browser"):
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register("x-www-browser", None, BackgroundBrowser("x-www-browser"))
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# The Mozilla browsers
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for browser in ("firefox", "iceweasel", "iceape", "seamonkey"):
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if shutil.which(browser):
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register(browser, None, Mozilla(browser))
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# The Netscape and old Mozilla browsers
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for browser in ("mozilla-firefox",
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"mozilla-firebird", "firebird",
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"mozilla", "netscape"):
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if shutil.which(browser):
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register(browser, None, Netscape(browser))
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# Konqueror/kfm, the KDE browser.
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if shutil.which("kfm"):
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register("kfm", Konqueror, Konqueror("kfm"))
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elif shutil.which("konqueror"):
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register("konqueror", Konqueror, Konqueror("konqueror"))
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# Gnome's Galeon and Epiphany
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for browser in ("galeon", "epiphany"):
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if shutil.which(browser):
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register(browser, None, Galeon(browser))
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# Skipstone, another Gtk/Mozilla based browser
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if shutil.which("skipstone"):
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register("skipstone", None, BackgroundBrowser("skipstone"))
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# Google Chrome/Chromium browsers
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for browser in ("google-chrome", "chrome", "chromium", "chromium-browser"):
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if shutil.which(browser):
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register(browser, None, Chrome(browser))
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# Opera, quite popular
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if shutil.which("opera"):
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register("opera", None, Opera("opera"))
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# Next, Mosaic -- old but still in use.
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if shutil.which("mosaic"):
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register("mosaic", None, BackgroundBrowser("mosaic"))
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# Grail, the Python browser. Does anybody still use it?
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if shutil.which("grail"):
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register("grail", Grail, None)
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def register_standard_browsers():
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global _tryorder
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_tryorder = []
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if sys.platform == 'darwin':
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register("MacOSX", None, MacOSXOSAScript('default'))
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register("chrome", None, MacOSXOSAScript('chrome'))
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register("firefox", None, MacOSXOSAScript('firefox'))
|
|
register("safari", None, MacOSXOSAScript('safari'))
|
|
# OS X can use below Unix support (but we prefer using the OS X
|
|
# specific stuff)
|
|
|
|
if sys.platform == "serenityos":
|
|
# SerenityOS webbrowser, simply called "Browser".
|
|
register("Browser", None, BackgroundBrowser("Browser"))
|
|
|
|
if sys.platform[:3] == "win":
|
|
# First try to use the default Windows browser
|
|
register("windows-default", WindowsDefault)
|
|
|
|
# Detect some common Windows browsers, fallback to IE
|
|
iexplore = os.path.join(os.environ.get("PROGRAMFILES", "C:\\Program Files"),
|
|
"Internet Explorer\\IEXPLORE.EXE")
|
|
for browser in ("firefox", "firebird", "seamonkey", "mozilla",
|
|
"netscape", "opera", iexplore):
|
|
if shutil.which(browser):
|
|
register(browser, None, BackgroundBrowser(browser))
|
|
else:
|
|
# Prefer X browsers if present
|
|
if os.environ.get("DISPLAY") or os.environ.get("WAYLAND_DISPLAY"):
|
|
try:
|
|
cmd = "xdg-settings get default-web-browser".split()
|
|
raw_result = subprocess.check_output(cmd, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL)
|
|
result = raw_result.decode().strip()
|
|
except (FileNotFoundError, subprocess.CalledProcessError, PermissionError, NotADirectoryError) :
|
|
pass
|
|
else:
|
|
global _os_preferred_browser
|
|
_os_preferred_browser = result
|
|
|
|
register_X_browsers()
|
|
|
|
# Also try console browsers
|
|
if os.environ.get("TERM"):
|
|
if shutil.which("www-browser"):
|
|
register("www-browser", None, GenericBrowser("www-browser"))
|
|
# The Links/elinks browsers <http://artax.karlin.mff.cuni.cz/~mikulas/links/>
|
|
if shutil.which("links"):
|
|
register("links", None, GenericBrowser("links"))
|
|
if shutil.which("elinks"):
|
|
register("elinks", None, Elinks("elinks"))
|
|
# The Lynx browser <http://lynx.isc.org/>, <http://lynx.browser.org/>
|
|
if shutil.which("lynx"):
|
|
register("lynx", None, GenericBrowser("lynx"))
|
|
# The w3m browser <http://w3m.sourceforge.net/>
|
|
if shutil.which("w3m"):
|
|
register("w3m", None, GenericBrowser("w3m"))
|
|
|
|
# OK, now that we know what the default preference orders for each
|
|
# platform are, allow user to override them with the BROWSER variable.
|
|
if "BROWSER" in os.environ:
|
|
userchoices = os.environ["BROWSER"].split(os.pathsep)
|
|
userchoices.reverse()
|
|
|
|
# Treat choices in same way as if passed into get() but do register
|
|
# and prepend to _tryorder
|
|
for cmdline in userchoices:
|
|
if cmdline != '':
|
|
cmd = _synthesize(cmdline, preferred=True)
|
|
if cmd[1] is None:
|
|
register(cmdline, None, GenericBrowser(cmdline), preferred=True)
|
|
|
|
# what to do if _tryorder is now empty?
|
|
|
|
|
|
#
|
|
# Platform support for Windows
|
|
#
|
|
|
|
if sys.platform[:3] == "win":
|
|
class WindowsDefault(BaseBrowser):
|
|
def open(self, url, new=0, autoraise=True):
|
|
sys.audit("webbrowser.open", url)
|
|
try:
|
|
os.startfile(url)
|
|
except OSError:
|
|
# [Error 22] No application is associated with the specified
|
|
# file for this operation: '<URL>'
|
|
return False
|
|
else:
|
|
return True
|
|
|
|
#
|
|
# Platform support for MacOS
|
|
#
|
|
|
|
if sys.platform == 'darwin':
|
|
# Adapted from patch submitted to SourceForge by Steven J. Burr
|
|
class MacOSX(BaseBrowser):
|
|
"""Launcher class for Aqua browsers on Mac OS X
|
|
|
|
Optionally specify a browser name on instantiation. Note that this
|
|
will not work for Aqua browsers if the user has moved the application
|
|
package after installation.
|
|
|
|
If no browser is specified, the default browser, as specified in the
|
|
Internet System Preferences panel, will be used.
|
|
"""
|
|
def __init__(self, name):
|
|
warnings.warn(f'{self.__class__.__name__} is deprecated in 3.11'
|
|
' use MacOSXOSAScript instead.', DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
|
|
self.name = name
|
|
|
|
def open(self, url, new=0, autoraise=True):
|
|
sys.audit("webbrowser.open", url)
|
|
assert "'" not in url
|
|
# hack for local urls
|
|
if not ':' in url:
|
|
url = 'file:'+url
|
|
|
|
# new must be 0 or 1
|
|
new = int(bool(new))
|
|
if self.name == "default":
|
|
# User called open, open_new or get without a browser parameter
|
|
script = 'open location "%s"' % url.replace('"', '%22') # opens in default browser
|
|
else:
|
|
# User called get and chose a browser
|
|
if self.name == "OmniWeb":
|
|
toWindow = ""
|
|
else:
|
|
# Include toWindow parameter of OpenURL command for browsers
|
|
# that support it. 0 == new window; -1 == existing
|
|
toWindow = "toWindow %d" % (new - 1)
|
|
cmd = 'OpenURL "%s"' % url.replace('"', '%22')
|
|
script = '''tell application "%s"
|
|
activate
|
|
%s %s
|
|
end tell''' % (self.name, cmd, toWindow)
|
|
# Open pipe to AppleScript through osascript command
|
|
osapipe = os.popen("osascript", "w")
|
|
if osapipe is None:
|
|
return False
|
|
# Write script to osascript's stdin
|
|
osapipe.write(script)
|
|
rc = osapipe.close()
|
|
return not rc
|
|
|
|
class MacOSXOSAScript(BaseBrowser):
|
|
def __init__(self, name='default'):
|
|
super().__init__(name)
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
def _name(self):
|
|
warnings.warn(f'{self.__class__.__name__}._name is deprecated in 3.11'
|
|
f' use {self.__class__.__name__}.name instead.',
|
|
DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
|
|
return self.name
|
|
|
|
@_name.setter
|
|
def _name(self, val):
|
|
warnings.warn(f'{self.__class__.__name__}._name is deprecated in 3.11'
|
|
f' use {self.__class__.__name__}.name instead.',
|
|
DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
|
|
self.name = val
|
|
|
|
def open(self, url, new=0, autoraise=True):
|
|
if self.name == 'default':
|
|
script = 'open location "%s"' % url.replace('"', '%22') # opens in default browser
|
|
else:
|
|
script = f'''
|
|
tell application "%s"
|
|
activate
|
|
open location "%s"
|
|
end
|
|
'''%(self.name, url.replace('"', '%22'))
|
|
|
|
osapipe = os.popen("osascript", "w")
|
|
if osapipe is None:
|
|
return False
|
|
|
|
osapipe.write(script)
|
|
rc = osapipe.close()
|
|
return not rc
|
|
|
|
|
|
def main():
|
|
import getopt
|
|
usage = """Usage: %s [-n | -t] url
|
|
-n: open new window
|
|
-t: open new tab""" % sys.argv[0]
|
|
try:
|
|
opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], 'ntd')
|
|
except getopt.error as msg:
|
|
print(msg, file=sys.stderr)
|
|
print(usage, file=sys.stderr)
|
|
sys.exit(1)
|
|
new_win = 0
|
|
for o, a in opts:
|
|
if o == '-n': new_win = 1
|
|
elif o == '-t': new_win = 2
|
|
if len(args) != 1:
|
|
print(usage, file=sys.stderr)
|
|
sys.exit(1)
|
|
|
|
url = args[0]
|
|
open(url, new_win)
|
|
|
|
print("\a")
|
|
|
|
if __name__ == "__main__":
|
|
main()
|