// This file is generated by Tools/cases_generator/tier1_generator.py
// from:
//   Python/bytecodes.c
// Do not edit!

#ifdef TIER_TWO
    #error "This file is for Tier 1 only"
#endif
#define TIER_ONE 1


        TARGET(BEFORE_ASYNC_WITH) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(BEFORE_ASYNC_WITH);
            PyObject *mgr;
            PyObject *exit;
            PyObject *res;
            mgr = stack_pointer[-1];
            PyObject *enter = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(mgr, &_Py_ID(__aenter__));
            if (enter == NULL) {
                if (!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
                    _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                                  "'%.200s' object does not support the "
                                  "asynchronous context manager protocol",
                                  Py_TYPE(mgr)->tp_name);
                }
                GOTO_ERROR(error);
            }
            exit = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(mgr, &_Py_ID(__aexit__));
            if (exit == NULL) {
                if (!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
                    _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                                  "'%.200s' object does not support the "
                                  "asynchronous context manager protocol "
                                  "(missed __aexit__ method)",
                                  Py_TYPE(mgr)->tp_name);
                }
                Py_DECREF(enter);
                GOTO_ERROR(error);
            }
            Py_DECREF(mgr);
            res = _PyObject_CallNoArgsTstate(tstate, enter);
            Py_DECREF(enter);
            if (res == NULL) {
                Py_DECREF(exit);
                if (true) goto pop_1_error;
            }
            stack_pointer[-1] = exit;
            stack_pointer[0] = res;
            stack_pointer += 1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(BEFORE_WITH) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(BEFORE_WITH);
            PyObject *mgr;
            PyObject *exit;
            PyObject *res;
            mgr = stack_pointer[-1];
            /* pop the context manager, push its __exit__ and the
             * value returned from calling its __enter__
             */
            PyObject *enter = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(mgr, &_Py_ID(__enter__));
            if (enter == NULL) {
                if (!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
                    _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                                  "'%.200s' object does not support the "
                                  "context manager protocol",
                                  Py_TYPE(mgr)->tp_name);
                }
                GOTO_ERROR(error);
            }
            exit = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(mgr, &_Py_ID(__exit__));
            if (exit == NULL) {
                if (!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
                    _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                                  "'%.200s' object does not support the "
                                  "context manager protocol "
                                  "(missed __exit__ method)",
                                  Py_TYPE(mgr)->tp_name);
                }
                Py_DECREF(enter);
                GOTO_ERROR(error);
            }
            Py_DECREF(mgr);
            res = _PyObject_CallNoArgsTstate(tstate, enter);
            Py_DECREF(enter);
            if (res == NULL) {
                Py_DECREF(exit);
                if (true) goto pop_1_error;
            }
            stack_pointer[-1] = exit;
            stack_pointer[0] = res;
            stack_pointer += 1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(BINARY_OP) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(BINARY_OP);
            PREDICTED(BINARY_OP);
            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = next_instr - 2;
            PyObject *rhs;
            PyObject *lhs;
            PyObject *res;
            // _SPECIALIZE_BINARY_OP
            rhs = stack_pointer[-1];
            lhs = stack_pointer[-2];
            {
                uint16_t counter = read_u16(&this_instr[1].cache);
                TIER_ONE_ONLY
                #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
                if (ADAPTIVE_COUNTER_IS_ZERO(counter)) {
                    next_instr = this_instr;
                    _Py_Specialize_BinaryOp(lhs, rhs, next_instr, oparg, LOCALS_ARRAY);
                    DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
                }
                STAT_INC(BINARY_OP, deferred);
                DECREMENT_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].cache);
                #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
                assert(NB_ADD <= oparg);
                assert(oparg <= NB_INPLACE_XOR);
            }
            // _BINARY_OP
            {
                assert(_PyEval_BinaryOps[oparg]);
                res = _PyEval_BinaryOps[oparg](lhs, rhs);
                Py_DECREF(lhs);
                Py_DECREF(rhs);
                if (res == NULL) goto pop_2_error;
            }
            stack_pointer[-2] = res;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(BINARY_OP_ADD_FLOAT) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(BINARY_OP_ADD_FLOAT);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_BINARY_OP == 1, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject *right;
            PyObject *left;
            PyObject *res;
            // _GUARD_BOTH_FLOAT
            right = stack_pointer[-1];
            left = stack_pointer[-2];
            {
                DEOPT_IF(!PyFloat_CheckExact(left), BINARY_OP);
                DEOPT_IF(!PyFloat_CheckExact(right), BINARY_OP);
            }
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _BINARY_OP_ADD_FLOAT
            {
                STAT_INC(BINARY_OP, hit);
                double dres =
                ((PyFloatObject *)left)->ob_fval +
                ((PyFloatObject *)right)->ob_fval;
                DECREF_INPUTS_AND_REUSE_FLOAT(left, right, dres, res);
            }
            stack_pointer[-2] = res;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(BINARY_OP_ADD_INT) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(BINARY_OP_ADD_INT);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_BINARY_OP == 1, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject *right;
            PyObject *left;
            PyObject *res;
            // _GUARD_BOTH_INT
            right = stack_pointer[-1];
            left = stack_pointer[-2];
            {
                DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(left), BINARY_OP);
                DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(right), BINARY_OP);
            }
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _BINARY_OP_ADD_INT
            {
                STAT_INC(BINARY_OP, hit);
                res = _PyLong_Add((PyLongObject *)left, (PyLongObject *)right);
                _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(right, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
                _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(left, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
                if (res == NULL) goto pop_2_error;
            }
            stack_pointer[-2] = res;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(BINARY_OP_ADD_UNICODE) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(BINARY_OP_ADD_UNICODE);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_BINARY_OP == 1, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject *right;
            PyObject *left;
            PyObject *res;
            // _GUARD_BOTH_UNICODE
            right = stack_pointer[-1];
            left = stack_pointer[-2];
            {
                DEOPT_IF(!PyUnicode_CheckExact(left), BINARY_OP);
                DEOPT_IF(!PyUnicode_CheckExact(right), BINARY_OP);
            }
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _BINARY_OP_ADD_UNICODE
            {
                STAT_INC(BINARY_OP, hit);
                res = PyUnicode_Concat(left, right);
                _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(left, _PyUnicode_ExactDealloc);
                _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(right, _PyUnicode_ExactDealloc);
                if (res == NULL) goto pop_2_error;
            }
            stack_pointer[-2] = res;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(BINARY_OP_INPLACE_ADD_UNICODE) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(BINARY_OP_INPLACE_ADD_UNICODE);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_BINARY_OP == 1, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject *right;
            PyObject *left;
            // _GUARD_BOTH_UNICODE
            right = stack_pointer[-1];
            left = stack_pointer[-2];
            {
                DEOPT_IF(!PyUnicode_CheckExact(left), BINARY_OP);
                DEOPT_IF(!PyUnicode_CheckExact(right), BINARY_OP);
            }
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _BINARY_OP_INPLACE_ADD_UNICODE
            {
                TIER_ONE_ONLY
                assert(next_instr->op.code == STORE_FAST);
                PyObject **target_local = &GETLOCAL(next_instr->op.arg);
                DEOPT_IF(*target_local != left, BINARY_OP);
                STAT_INC(BINARY_OP, hit);
                /* Handle `left = left + right` or `left += right` for str.
                 *
                 * When possible, extend `left` in place rather than
                 * allocating a new PyUnicodeObject. This attempts to avoid
                 * quadratic behavior when one neglects to use str.join().
                 *
                 * If `left` has only two references remaining (one from
                 * the stack, one in the locals), DECREFing `left` leaves
                 * only the locals reference, so PyUnicode_Append knows
                 * that the string is safe to mutate.
                 */
                assert(Py_REFCNT(left) >= 2);
                _Py_DECREF_NO_DEALLOC(left);
                PyUnicode_Append(target_local, right);
                _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(right, _PyUnicode_ExactDealloc);
                if (*target_local == NULL) goto pop_2_error;
                // The STORE_FAST is already done.
                assert(next_instr->op.code == STORE_FAST);
                SKIP_OVER(1);
            }
            stack_pointer += -2;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(BINARY_OP_MULTIPLY_FLOAT) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(BINARY_OP_MULTIPLY_FLOAT);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_BINARY_OP == 1, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject *right;
            PyObject *left;
            PyObject *res;
            // _GUARD_BOTH_FLOAT
            right = stack_pointer[-1];
            left = stack_pointer[-2];
            {
                DEOPT_IF(!PyFloat_CheckExact(left), BINARY_OP);
                DEOPT_IF(!PyFloat_CheckExact(right), BINARY_OP);
            }
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _BINARY_OP_MULTIPLY_FLOAT
            {
                STAT_INC(BINARY_OP, hit);
                double dres =
                ((PyFloatObject *)left)->ob_fval *
                ((PyFloatObject *)right)->ob_fval;
                DECREF_INPUTS_AND_REUSE_FLOAT(left, right, dres, res);
            }
            stack_pointer[-2] = res;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(BINARY_OP_MULTIPLY_INT) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(BINARY_OP_MULTIPLY_INT);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_BINARY_OP == 1, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject *right;
            PyObject *left;
            PyObject *res;
            // _GUARD_BOTH_INT
            right = stack_pointer[-1];
            left = stack_pointer[-2];
            {
                DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(left), BINARY_OP);
                DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(right), BINARY_OP);
            }
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _BINARY_OP_MULTIPLY_INT
            {
                STAT_INC(BINARY_OP, hit);
                res = _PyLong_Multiply((PyLongObject *)left, (PyLongObject *)right);
                _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(right, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
                _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(left, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
                if (res == NULL) goto pop_2_error;
            }
            stack_pointer[-2] = res;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(BINARY_OP_SUBTRACT_FLOAT) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(BINARY_OP_SUBTRACT_FLOAT);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_BINARY_OP == 1, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject *right;
            PyObject *left;
            PyObject *res;
            // _GUARD_BOTH_FLOAT
            right = stack_pointer[-1];
            left = stack_pointer[-2];
            {
                DEOPT_IF(!PyFloat_CheckExact(left), BINARY_OP);
                DEOPT_IF(!PyFloat_CheckExact(right), BINARY_OP);
            }
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _BINARY_OP_SUBTRACT_FLOAT
            {
                STAT_INC(BINARY_OP, hit);
                double dres =
                ((PyFloatObject *)left)->ob_fval -
                ((PyFloatObject *)right)->ob_fval;
                DECREF_INPUTS_AND_REUSE_FLOAT(left, right, dres, res);
            }
            stack_pointer[-2] = res;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(BINARY_OP_SUBTRACT_INT) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(BINARY_OP_SUBTRACT_INT);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_BINARY_OP == 1, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject *right;
            PyObject *left;
            PyObject *res;
            // _GUARD_BOTH_INT
            right = stack_pointer[-1];
            left = stack_pointer[-2];
            {
                DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(left), BINARY_OP);
                DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(right), BINARY_OP);
            }
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _BINARY_OP_SUBTRACT_INT
            {
                STAT_INC(BINARY_OP, hit);
                res = _PyLong_Subtract((PyLongObject *)left, (PyLongObject *)right);
                _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(right, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
                _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(left, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
                if (res == NULL) goto pop_2_error;
            }
            stack_pointer[-2] = res;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(BINARY_SLICE) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(BINARY_SLICE);
            PyObject *stop;
            PyObject *start;
            PyObject *container;
            PyObject *res;
            stop = stack_pointer[-1];
            start = stack_pointer[-2];
            container = stack_pointer[-3];
            PyObject *slice = _PyBuildSlice_ConsumeRefs(start, stop);
            // Can't use ERROR_IF() here, because we haven't
            // DECREF'ed container yet, and we still own slice.
            if (slice == NULL) {
                res = NULL;
            }
            else {
                res = PyObject_GetItem(container, slice);
                Py_DECREF(slice);
            }
            Py_DECREF(container);
            if (res == NULL) goto pop_3_error;
            stack_pointer[-3] = res;
            stack_pointer += -2;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(BINARY_SUBSCR) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(BINARY_SUBSCR);
            PREDICTED(BINARY_SUBSCR);
            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = next_instr - 2;
            PyObject *sub;
            PyObject *container;
            PyObject *res;
            // _SPECIALIZE_BINARY_SUBSCR
            sub = stack_pointer[-1];
            container = stack_pointer[-2];
            {
                uint16_t counter = read_u16(&this_instr[1].cache);
                TIER_ONE_ONLY
                #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
                if (ADAPTIVE_COUNTER_IS_ZERO(counter)) {
                    next_instr = this_instr;
                    _Py_Specialize_BinarySubscr(container, sub, next_instr);
                    DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
                }
                STAT_INC(BINARY_SUBSCR, deferred);
                DECREMENT_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].cache);
                #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
            }
            // _BINARY_SUBSCR
            {
                res = PyObject_GetItem(container, sub);
                Py_DECREF(container);
                Py_DECREF(sub);
                if (res == NULL) goto pop_2_error;
            }
            stack_pointer[-2] = res;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(BINARY_SUBSCR_DICT) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(BINARY_SUBSCR_DICT);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_BINARY_SUBSCR == 1, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject *sub;
            PyObject *dict;
            PyObject *res;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            sub = stack_pointer[-1];
            dict = stack_pointer[-2];
            DEOPT_IF(!PyDict_CheckExact(dict), BINARY_SUBSCR);
            STAT_INC(BINARY_SUBSCR, hit);
            int rc = PyDict_GetItemRef(dict, sub, &res);
            if (rc == 0) {
                _PyErr_SetKeyError(sub);
            }
            Py_DECREF(dict);
            Py_DECREF(sub);
            if (rc <= 0) goto pop_2_error;
            // not found or error
            stack_pointer[-2] = res;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(BINARY_SUBSCR_GETITEM) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(BINARY_SUBSCR_GETITEM);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_BINARY_SUBSCR == 1, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject *sub;
            PyObject *container;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            sub = stack_pointer[-1];
            container = stack_pointer[-2];
            DEOPT_IF(tstate->interp->eval_frame, BINARY_SUBSCR);
            PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(container);
            DEOPT_IF(!PyType_HasFeature(tp, Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE), BINARY_SUBSCR);
            PyHeapTypeObject *ht = (PyHeapTypeObject *)tp;
            PyObject *cached = ht->_spec_cache.getitem;
            DEOPT_IF(cached == NULL, BINARY_SUBSCR);
            assert(PyFunction_Check(cached));
            PyFunctionObject *getitem = (PyFunctionObject *)cached;
            uint32_t cached_version = ht->_spec_cache.getitem_version;
            DEOPT_IF(getitem->func_version != cached_version, BINARY_SUBSCR);
            PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject *)getitem->func_code;
            assert(code->co_argcount == 2);
            DEOPT_IF(!_PyThreadState_HasStackSpace(tstate, code->co_framesize), BINARY_SUBSCR);
            STAT_INC(BINARY_SUBSCR, hit);
            Py_INCREF(getitem);
            _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame = _PyFrame_PushUnchecked(tstate, getitem, 2);
            STACK_SHRINK(2);
            new_frame->localsplus[0] = container;
            new_frame->localsplus[1] = sub;
            frame->return_offset = (uint16_t)(next_instr - this_instr);
            DISPATCH_INLINED(new_frame);
        }

        TARGET(BINARY_SUBSCR_LIST_INT) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(BINARY_SUBSCR_LIST_INT);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_BINARY_SUBSCR == 1, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject *sub;
            PyObject *list;
            PyObject *res;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            sub = stack_pointer[-1];
            list = stack_pointer[-2];
            DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(sub), BINARY_SUBSCR);
            DEOPT_IF(!PyList_CheckExact(list), BINARY_SUBSCR);
            // Deopt unless 0 <= sub < PyList_Size(list)
            DEOPT_IF(!_PyLong_IsNonNegativeCompact((PyLongObject *)sub), BINARY_SUBSCR);
            Py_ssize_t index = ((PyLongObject*)sub)->long_value.ob_digit[0];
            DEOPT_IF(index >= PyList_GET_SIZE(list), BINARY_SUBSCR);
            STAT_INC(BINARY_SUBSCR, hit);
            res = PyList_GET_ITEM(list, index);
            assert(res != NULL);
            Py_INCREF(res);
            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(sub, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
            Py_DECREF(list);
            stack_pointer[-2] = res;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(BINARY_SUBSCR_STR_INT) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(BINARY_SUBSCR_STR_INT);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_BINARY_SUBSCR == 1, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject *sub;
            PyObject *str;
            PyObject *res;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            sub = stack_pointer[-1];
            str = stack_pointer[-2];
            DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(sub), BINARY_SUBSCR);
            DEOPT_IF(!PyUnicode_CheckExact(str), BINARY_SUBSCR);
            DEOPT_IF(!_PyLong_IsNonNegativeCompact((PyLongObject *)sub), BINARY_SUBSCR);
            Py_ssize_t index = ((PyLongObject*)sub)->long_value.ob_digit[0];
            DEOPT_IF(PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(str) <= index, BINARY_SUBSCR);
            // Specialize for reading an ASCII character from any string:
            Py_UCS4 c = PyUnicode_READ_CHAR(str, index);
            DEOPT_IF(Py_ARRAY_LENGTH(_Py_SINGLETON(strings).ascii) <= c, BINARY_SUBSCR);
            STAT_INC(BINARY_SUBSCR, hit);
            res = (PyObject*)&_Py_SINGLETON(strings).ascii[c];
            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(sub, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
            Py_DECREF(str);
            stack_pointer[-2] = res;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(BINARY_SUBSCR_TUPLE_INT) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(BINARY_SUBSCR_TUPLE_INT);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_BINARY_SUBSCR == 1, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject *sub;
            PyObject *tuple;
            PyObject *res;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            sub = stack_pointer[-1];
            tuple = stack_pointer[-2];
            DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(sub), BINARY_SUBSCR);
            DEOPT_IF(!PyTuple_CheckExact(tuple), BINARY_SUBSCR);
            // Deopt unless 0 <= sub < PyTuple_Size(list)
            DEOPT_IF(!_PyLong_IsNonNegativeCompact((PyLongObject *)sub), BINARY_SUBSCR);
            Py_ssize_t index = ((PyLongObject*)sub)->long_value.ob_digit[0];
            DEOPT_IF(index >= PyTuple_GET_SIZE(tuple), BINARY_SUBSCR);
            STAT_INC(BINARY_SUBSCR, hit);
            res = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(tuple, index);
            assert(res != NULL);
            Py_INCREF(res);
            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(sub, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
            Py_DECREF(tuple);
            stack_pointer[-2] = res;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(BUILD_CONST_KEY_MAP) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(BUILD_CONST_KEY_MAP);
            PyObject *keys;
            PyObject **values;
            PyObject *map;
            keys = stack_pointer[-1];
            values = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
            if (!PyTuple_CheckExact(keys) ||
                PyTuple_GET_SIZE(keys) != (Py_ssize_t)oparg) {
                _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_SystemError,
                                 "bad BUILD_CONST_KEY_MAP keys argument");
                GOTO_ERROR(error);  // Pop the keys and values.
            }
            map = _PyDict_FromItems(
                                    &PyTuple_GET_ITEM(keys, 0), 1,
                                    values, 1, oparg);
            for (int _i = oparg; --_i >= 0;) {
                Py_DECREF(values[_i]);
            }
            Py_DECREF(keys);
            if (map == NULL) { stack_pointer += -1 - oparg; goto error; }
            stack_pointer[-1 - oparg] = map;
            stack_pointer += -oparg;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(BUILD_LIST) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(BUILD_LIST);
            PyObject **values;
            PyObject *list;
            values = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
            list = _PyList_FromArraySteal(values, oparg);
            if (list == NULL) { stack_pointer += -oparg; goto error; }
            stack_pointer[-oparg] = list;
            stack_pointer += 1 - oparg;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(BUILD_MAP) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(BUILD_MAP);
            PyObject **values;
            PyObject *map;
            values = &stack_pointer[-oparg*2];
            map = _PyDict_FromItems(
                                    values, 2,
                                    values+1, 2,
                                    oparg);
            for (int _i = oparg*2; --_i >= 0;) {
                Py_DECREF(values[_i]);
            }
            if (map == NULL) { stack_pointer += -oparg*2; goto error; }
            stack_pointer[-oparg*2] = map;
            stack_pointer += 1 - oparg*2;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(BUILD_SET) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(BUILD_SET);
            PyObject **values;
            PyObject *set;
            values = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
            set = PySet_New(NULL);
            if (set == NULL)
            GOTO_ERROR(error);
            int err = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < oparg; i++) {
                PyObject *item = values[i];
                if (err == 0)
                err = PySet_Add(set, item);
                Py_DECREF(item);
            }
            if (err != 0) {
                Py_DECREF(set);
                if (true) { stack_pointer += -oparg; goto error; }
            }
            stack_pointer[-oparg] = set;
            stack_pointer += 1 - oparg;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(BUILD_SLICE) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(BUILD_SLICE);
            PyObject *step = NULL;
            PyObject *stop;
            PyObject *start;
            PyObject *slice;
            if (oparg == 3) { step = stack_pointer[-((oparg == 3) ? 1 : 0)]; }
            stop = stack_pointer[-1 - ((oparg == 3) ? 1 : 0)];
            start = stack_pointer[-2 - ((oparg == 3) ? 1 : 0)];
            slice = PySlice_New(start, stop, step);
            Py_DECREF(start);
            Py_DECREF(stop);
            Py_XDECREF(step);
            if (slice == NULL) { stack_pointer += -2 - ((oparg == 3) ? 1 : 0); goto error; }
            stack_pointer[-2 - ((oparg == 3) ? 1 : 0)] = slice;
            stack_pointer += -1 - ((oparg == 3) ? 1 : 0);
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(BUILD_STRING) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(BUILD_STRING);
            PyObject **pieces;
            PyObject *str;
            pieces = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
            str = _PyUnicode_JoinArray(&_Py_STR(empty), pieces, oparg);
            for (int _i = oparg; --_i >= 0;) {
                Py_DECREF(pieces[_i]);
            }
            if (str == NULL) { stack_pointer += -oparg; goto error; }
            stack_pointer[-oparg] = str;
            stack_pointer += 1 - oparg;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(BUILD_TUPLE) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(BUILD_TUPLE);
            PyObject **values;
            PyObject *tup;
            values = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
            tup = _PyTuple_FromArraySteal(values, oparg);
            if (tup == NULL) { stack_pointer += -oparg; goto error; }
            stack_pointer[-oparg] = tup;
            stack_pointer += 1 - oparg;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(CACHE) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(CACHE);
            TIER_ONE_ONLY
            assert(0 && "Executing a cache.");
            Py_UNREACHABLE();
        }

        TARGET(CALL) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 4;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL);
            PREDICTED(CALL);
            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = next_instr - 4;
            PyObject **args;
            PyObject *self_or_null;
            PyObject *callable;
            PyObject *res;
            // _SPECIALIZE_CALL
            args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
            self_or_null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
            {
                uint16_t counter = read_u16(&this_instr[1].cache);
                TIER_ONE_ONLY
                #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
                if (ADAPTIVE_COUNTER_IS_ZERO(counter)) {
                    next_instr = this_instr;
                    _Py_Specialize_Call(callable, next_instr, oparg + (self_or_null != NULL));
                    DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
                }
                STAT_INC(CALL, deferred);
                DECREMENT_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].cache);
                #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
            }
            /* Skip 2 cache entries */
            // _CALL
            {
                // oparg counts all of the args, but *not* self:
                int total_args = oparg;
                if (self_or_null != NULL) {
                    args--;
                    total_args++;
                }
                else if (Py_TYPE(callable) == &PyMethod_Type) {
                    args--;
                    total_args++;
                    PyObject *self = ((PyMethodObject *)callable)->im_self;
                    args[0] = Py_NewRef(self);
                    PyObject *method = ((PyMethodObject *)callable)->im_func;
                    args[-1] = Py_NewRef(method);
                    Py_DECREF(callable);
                    callable = method;
                }
                // Check if the call can be inlined or not
                if (Py_TYPE(callable) == &PyFunction_Type &&
                    tstate->interp->eval_frame == NULL &&
                    ((PyFunctionObject *)callable)->vectorcall == _PyFunction_Vectorcall)
                {
                    int code_flags = ((PyCodeObject*)PyFunction_GET_CODE(callable))->co_flags;
                    PyObject *locals = code_flags & CO_OPTIMIZED ? NULL : Py_NewRef(PyFunction_GET_GLOBALS(callable));
                    _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame = _PyEvalFramePushAndInit(
                        tstate, (PyFunctionObject *)callable, locals,
                        args, total_args, NULL
                    );
                    // Manipulate stack directly since we leave using DISPATCH_INLINED().
                    STACK_SHRINK(oparg + 2);
                    // The frame has stolen all the arguments from the stack,
                    // so there is no need to clean them up.
                    if (new_frame == NULL) {
                        GOTO_ERROR(error);
                    }
                    frame->return_offset = (uint16_t)(next_instr - this_instr);
                    DISPATCH_INLINED(new_frame);
                }
                /* Callable is not a normal Python function */
                res = PyObject_Vectorcall(
                                      callable, args,
                                      total_args | PY_VECTORCALL_ARGUMENTS_OFFSET,
                                      NULL);
                if (opcode == INSTRUMENTED_CALL) {
                    PyObject *arg = total_args == 0 ?
                    &_PyInstrumentation_MISSING : args[0];
                    if (res == NULL) {
                        _Py_call_instrumentation_exc2(
                            tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_C_RAISE,
                            frame, this_instr, callable, arg);
                    }
                    else {
                        int err = _Py_call_instrumentation_2args(
                            tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_C_RETURN,
                            frame, this_instr, callable, arg);
                        if (err < 0) {
                            Py_CLEAR(res);
                        }
                    }
                }
                assert((res != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
                Py_DECREF(callable);
                for (int i = 0; i < total_args; i++) {
                    Py_DECREF(args[i]);
                }
                if (res == NULL) { stack_pointer += -2 - oparg; goto error; }
            }
            stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
            stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
            CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(CALL_ALLOC_AND_ENTER_INIT) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 4;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_ALLOC_AND_ENTER_INIT);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject **args;
            PyObject *null;
            PyObject *callable;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            /* Skip 2 cache entries */
            args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
            null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
            /* This instruction does the following:
             * 1. Creates the object (by calling ``object.__new__``)
             * 2. Pushes a shim frame to the frame stack (to cleanup after ``__init__``)
             * 3. Pushes the frame for ``__init__`` to the frame stack
             * */
            _PyCallCache *cache = (_PyCallCache *)&this_instr[1];
            DEOPT_IF(null != NULL, CALL);
            DEOPT_IF(!PyType_Check(callable), CALL);
            PyTypeObject *tp = (PyTypeObject *)callable;
            DEOPT_IF(tp->tp_version_tag != read_u32(cache->func_version), CALL);
            PyHeapTypeObject *cls = (PyHeapTypeObject *)callable;
            PyFunctionObject *init = (PyFunctionObject *)cls->_spec_cache.init;
            PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject *)init->func_code;
            DEOPT_IF(code->co_argcount != oparg+1, CALL);
            DEOPT_IF(!_PyThreadState_HasStackSpace(tstate, code->co_framesize + _Py_InitCleanup.co_framesize), CALL);
            STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
            PyObject *self = _PyType_NewManagedObject(tp);
            if (self == NULL) {
                GOTO_ERROR(error);
            }
            Py_DECREF(tp);
            _PyInterpreterFrame *shim = _PyFrame_PushTrampolineUnchecked(
                tstate, (PyCodeObject *)&_Py_InitCleanup, 1);
            assert(_PyCode_CODE((PyCodeObject *)shim->f_executable)[0].op.code == EXIT_INIT_CHECK);
            /* Push self onto stack of shim */
            Py_INCREF(self);
            shim->localsplus[0] = self;
            Py_INCREF(init);
            _PyInterpreterFrame *init_frame = _PyFrame_PushUnchecked(tstate, init, oparg+1);
            /* Copy self followed by args to __init__ frame */
            init_frame->localsplus[0] = self;
            for (int i = 0; i < oparg; i++) {
                init_frame->localsplus[i+1] = args[i];
            }
            frame->return_offset = (uint16_t)(next_instr - this_instr);
            STACK_SHRINK(oparg+2);
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            /* Link frames */
            init_frame->previous = shim;
            shim->previous = frame;
            frame = tstate->current_frame = init_frame;
            CALL_STAT_INC(inlined_py_calls);
            /* Account for pushing the extra frame.
             * We don't check recursion depth here,
             * as it will be checked after start_frame */
            tstate->py_recursion_remaining--;
            goto start_frame;
        }

        TARGET(CALL_BOUND_METHOD_EXACT_ARGS) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 4;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_BOUND_METHOD_EXACT_ARGS);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject *null;
            PyObject *callable;
            PyObject *func;
            PyObject *self;
            PyObject *self_or_null;
            PyObject **args;
            _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _CHECK_PEP_523
            {
                DEOPT_IF(tstate->interp->eval_frame, CALL);
            }
            // _CHECK_CALL_BOUND_METHOD_EXACT_ARGS
            null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
            {
                DEOPT_IF(null != NULL, CALL);
                DEOPT_IF(Py_TYPE(callable) != &PyMethod_Type, CALL);
            }
            // _INIT_CALL_BOUND_METHOD_EXACT_ARGS
            {
                STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
                self = Py_NewRef(((PyMethodObject *)callable)->im_self);
                stack_pointer[-1 - oparg] = self;  // Patch stack as it is used by _INIT_CALL_PY_EXACT_ARGS
                func = Py_NewRef(((PyMethodObject *)callable)->im_func);
                stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = func;  // This is used by CALL, upon deoptimization
                Py_DECREF(callable);
            }
            // _CHECK_FUNCTION_EXACT_ARGS
            self_or_null = self;
            callable = func;
            {
                uint32_t func_version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
                DEOPT_IF(!PyFunction_Check(callable), CALL);
                PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)callable;
                DEOPT_IF(func->func_version != func_version, CALL);
                PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject *)func->func_code;
                DEOPT_IF(code->co_argcount != oparg + (self_or_null != NULL), CALL);
            }
            // _CHECK_STACK_SPACE
            {
                PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)callable;
                PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject *)func->func_code;
                DEOPT_IF(!_PyThreadState_HasStackSpace(tstate, code->co_framesize), CALL);
                DEOPT_IF(tstate->py_recursion_remaining <= 1, CALL);
            }
            // _INIT_CALL_PY_EXACT_ARGS
            args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
            self_or_null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
            {
                int argcount = oparg;
                if (self_or_null != NULL) {
                    args--;
                    argcount++;
                }
                STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
                PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)callable;
                new_frame = _PyFrame_PushUnchecked(tstate, func, argcount);
                for (int i = 0; i < argcount; i++) {
                    new_frame->localsplus[i] = args[i];
                }
            }
            // _SAVE_RETURN_OFFSET
            {
                #if TIER_ONE
                frame->return_offset = (uint16_t)(next_instr - this_instr);
                #endif
                #if TIER_TWO
                frame->return_offset = oparg;
                #endif
            }
            // _PUSH_FRAME
            {
                // Write it out explicitly because it's subtly different.
                // Eventually this should be the only occurrence of this code.
                assert(tstate->interp->eval_frame == NULL);
                stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                new_frame->previous = frame;
                CALL_STAT_INC(inlined_py_calls);
                frame = tstate->current_frame = new_frame;
                tstate->py_recursion_remaining--;
                LOAD_SP();
                LOAD_IP(0);
                #if LLTRACE && TIER_ONE
                lltrace = maybe_lltrace_resume_frame(frame, &entry_frame, GLOBALS());
                if (lltrace < 0) {
                    goto exit_unwind;
                }
                #endif
            }
            stack_pointer += ((0) ? 1 : 0);
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(CALL_BUILTIN_CLASS) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 4;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_BUILTIN_CLASS);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject **args;
            PyObject *self_or_null;
            PyObject *callable;
            PyObject *res;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            /* Skip 2 cache entries */
            args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
            self_or_null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
            int total_args = oparg;
            if (self_or_null != NULL) {
                args--;
                total_args++;
            }
            DEOPT_IF(!PyType_Check(callable), CALL);
            PyTypeObject *tp = (PyTypeObject *)callable;
            DEOPT_IF(tp->tp_vectorcall == NULL, CALL);
            STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
            res = tp->tp_vectorcall((PyObject *)tp, args, total_args, NULL);
            /* Free the arguments. */
            for (int i = 0; i < total_args; i++) {
                Py_DECREF(args[i]);
            }
            Py_DECREF(tp);
            if (res == NULL) { stack_pointer += -2 - oparg; goto error; }
            stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
            stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
            CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(CALL_BUILTIN_FAST) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 4;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_BUILTIN_FAST);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject **args;
            PyObject *self_or_null;
            PyObject *callable;
            PyObject *res;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            /* Skip 2 cache entries */
            args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
            self_or_null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
            /* Builtin METH_FASTCALL functions, without keywords */
            int total_args = oparg;
            if (self_or_null != NULL) {
                args--;
                total_args++;
            }
            DEOPT_IF(!PyCFunction_CheckExact(callable), CALL);
            DEOPT_IF(PyCFunction_GET_FLAGS(callable) != METH_FASTCALL, CALL);
            STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
            PyCFunction cfunc = PyCFunction_GET_FUNCTION(callable);
            /* res = func(self, args, nargs) */
            res = ((_PyCFunctionFast)(void(*)(void))cfunc)(
                PyCFunction_GET_SELF(callable),
                args,
                total_args);
            assert((res != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
            /* Free the arguments. */
            for (int i = 0; i < total_args; i++) {
                Py_DECREF(args[i]);
            }
            Py_DECREF(callable);
            if (res == NULL) { stack_pointer += -2 - oparg; goto error; }
            /* Not deopting because this doesn't mean our optimization was
               wrong. `res` can be NULL for valid reasons. Eg. getattr(x,
               'invalid'). In those cases an exception is set, so we must
               handle it.
             */
            stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
            stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
            CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(CALL_BUILTIN_FAST_WITH_KEYWORDS) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 4;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_BUILTIN_FAST_WITH_KEYWORDS);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject **args;
            PyObject *self_or_null;
            PyObject *callable;
            PyObject *res;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            /* Skip 2 cache entries */
            args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
            self_or_null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
            /* Builtin METH_FASTCALL | METH_KEYWORDS functions */
            int total_args = oparg;
            if (self_or_null != NULL) {
                args--;
                total_args++;
            }
            DEOPT_IF(!PyCFunction_CheckExact(callable), CALL);
            DEOPT_IF(PyCFunction_GET_FLAGS(callable) != (METH_FASTCALL | METH_KEYWORDS), CALL);
            STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
            /* res = func(self, args, nargs, kwnames) */
            _PyCFunctionFastWithKeywords cfunc =
            (_PyCFunctionFastWithKeywords)(void(*)(void))
            PyCFunction_GET_FUNCTION(callable);
            res = cfunc(PyCFunction_GET_SELF(callable), args, total_args, NULL);
            assert((res != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
            /* Free the arguments. */
            for (int i = 0; i < total_args; i++) {
                Py_DECREF(args[i]);
            }
            Py_DECREF(callable);
            if (res == NULL) { stack_pointer += -2 - oparg; goto error; }
            stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
            stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
            CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(CALL_BUILTIN_O) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 4;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_BUILTIN_O);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject **args;
            PyObject *self_or_null;
            PyObject *callable;
            PyObject *res;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            /* Skip 2 cache entries */
            args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
            self_or_null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
            /* Builtin METH_O functions */
            int total_args = oparg;
            if (self_or_null != NULL) {
                args--;
                total_args++;
            }
            DEOPT_IF(total_args != 1, CALL);
            DEOPT_IF(!PyCFunction_CheckExact(callable), CALL);
            DEOPT_IF(PyCFunction_GET_FLAGS(callable) != METH_O, CALL);
            STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
            PyCFunction cfunc = PyCFunction_GET_FUNCTION(callable);
            // This is slower but CPython promises to check all non-vectorcall
            // function calls.
            if (_Py_EnterRecursiveCallTstate(tstate, " while calling a Python object")) {
                GOTO_ERROR(error);
            }
            PyObject *arg = args[0];
            res = _PyCFunction_TrampolineCall(cfunc, PyCFunction_GET_SELF(callable), arg);
            _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallTstate(tstate);
            assert((res != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
            Py_DECREF(arg);
            Py_DECREF(callable);
            if (res == NULL) { stack_pointer += -2 - oparg; goto error; }
            stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
            stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
            CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(CALL_FUNCTION_EX) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_FUNCTION_EX);
            PREDICTED(CALL_FUNCTION_EX);
            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = next_instr - 1;
            PyObject *kwargs = NULL;
            PyObject *callargs;
            PyObject *func;
            PyObject *result;
            if (oparg & 1) { kwargs = stack_pointer[-(oparg & 1)]; }
            callargs = stack_pointer[-1 - (oparg & 1)];
            func = stack_pointer[-3 - (oparg & 1)];
            // DICT_MERGE is called before this opcode if there are kwargs.
            // It converts all dict subtypes in kwargs into regular dicts.
            assert(kwargs == NULL || PyDict_CheckExact(kwargs));
            if (!PyTuple_CheckExact(callargs)) {
                if (check_args_iterable(tstate, func, callargs) < 0) {
                    GOTO_ERROR(error);
                }
                PyObject *tuple = PySequence_Tuple(callargs);
                if (tuple == NULL) {
                    GOTO_ERROR(error);
                }
                Py_SETREF(callargs, tuple);
            }
            assert(PyTuple_CheckExact(callargs));
            EVAL_CALL_STAT_INC_IF_FUNCTION(EVAL_CALL_FUNCTION_EX, func);
            if (opcode == INSTRUMENTED_CALL_FUNCTION_EX &&
                !PyFunction_Check(func) && !PyMethod_Check(func)
            ) {
                PyObject *arg = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(callargs) > 0 ?
                PyTuple_GET_ITEM(callargs, 0) : Py_None;
                int err = _Py_call_instrumentation_2args(
                    tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_CALL,
                    frame, this_instr, func, arg);
                if (err) GOTO_ERROR(error);
                result = PyObject_Call(func, callargs, kwargs);
                if (result == NULL) {
                    _Py_call_instrumentation_exc2(
                        tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_C_RAISE,
                        frame, this_instr, func, arg);
                }
                else {
                    int err = _Py_call_instrumentation_2args(
                        tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_C_RETURN,
                        frame, this_instr, func, arg);
                    if (err < 0) {
                        Py_CLEAR(result);
                    }
                }
            }
            else {
                if (Py_TYPE(func) == &PyFunction_Type &&
                    tstate->interp->eval_frame == NULL &&
                    ((PyFunctionObject *)func)->vectorcall == _PyFunction_Vectorcall) {
                    assert(PyTuple_CheckExact(callargs));
                    Py_ssize_t nargs = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(callargs);
                    int code_flags = ((PyCodeObject *)PyFunction_GET_CODE(func))->co_flags;
                    PyObject *locals = code_flags & CO_OPTIMIZED ? NULL : Py_NewRef(PyFunction_GET_GLOBALS(func));
                    _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame = _PyEvalFramePushAndInit_Ex(tstate,
                        (PyFunctionObject *)func, locals,
                        nargs, callargs, kwargs);
                    // Need to manually shrink the stack since we exit with DISPATCH_INLINED.
                    STACK_SHRINK(oparg + 3);
                    if (new_frame == NULL) {
                        GOTO_ERROR(error);
                    }
                    assert(next_instr - this_instr == 1);
                    frame->return_offset = 1;
                    DISPATCH_INLINED(new_frame);
                }
                result = PyObject_Call(func, callargs, kwargs);
            }
            Py_DECREF(func);
            Py_DECREF(callargs);
            Py_XDECREF(kwargs);
            assert(PEEK(2 + (oparg & 1)) == NULL);
            if (result == NULL) { stack_pointer += -3 - (oparg & 1); goto error; }
            stack_pointer[-3 - (oparg & 1)] = result;
            stack_pointer += -2 - (oparg & 1);
            CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(CALL_INTRINSIC_1) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_INTRINSIC_1);
            PyObject *value;
            PyObject *res;
            value = stack_pointer[-1];
            assert(oparg <= MAX_INTRINSIC_1);
            res = _PyIntrinsics_UnaryFunctions[oparg].func(tstate, value);
            Py_DECREF(value);
            if (res == NULL) goto pop_1_error;
            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(CALL_INTRINSIC_2) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_INTRINSIC_2);
            PyObject *value1;
            PyObject *value2;
            PyObject *res;
            value1 = stack_pointer[-1];
            value2 = stack_pointer[-2];
            assert(oparg <= MAX_INTRINSIC_2);
            res = _PyIntrinsics_BinaryFunctions[oparg].func(tstate, value2, value1);
            Py_DECREF(value2);
            Py_DECREF(value1);
            if (res == NULL) goto pop_2_error;
            stack_pointer[-2] = res;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(CALL_ISINSTANCE) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 4;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_ISINSTANCE);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject **args;
            PyObject *self_or_null;
            PyObject *callable;
            PyObject *res;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            /* Skip 2 cache entries */
            args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
            self_or_null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
            /* isinstance(o, o2) */
            int total_args = oparg;
            if (self_or_null != NULL) {
                args--;
                total_args++;
            }
            DEOPT_IF(total_args != 2, CALL);
            PyInterpreterState *interp = tstate->interp;
            DEOPT_IF(callable != interp->callable_cache.isinstance, CALL);
            STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
            PyObject *cls = args[1];
            PyObject *inst = args[0];
            int retval = PyObject_IsInstance(inst, cls);
            if (retval < 0) {
                GOTO_ERROR(error);
            }
            res = PyBool_FromLong(retval);
            assert((res != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
            Py_DECREF(inst);
            Py_DECREF(cls);
            Py_DECREF(callable);
            if (res == NULL) { stack_pointer += -2 - oparg; goto error; }
            stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
            stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(CALL_KW) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_KW);
            PREDICTED(CALL_KW);
            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = next_instr - 1;
            PyObject *kwnames;
            PyObject **args;
            PyObject *self_or_null;
            PyObject *callable;
            PyObject *res;
            kwnames = stack_pointer[-1];
            args = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
            self_or_null = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
            callable = stack_pointer[-3 - oparg];
            // oparg counts all of the args, but *not* self:
            int total_args = oparg;
            if (self_or_null != NULL) {
                args--;
                total_args++;
            }
            if (self_or_null == NULL && Py_TYPE(callable) == &PyMethod_Type) {
                args--;
                total_args++;
                PyObject *self = ((PyMethodObject *)callable)->im_self;
                args[0] = Py_NewRef(self);
                PyObject *method = ((PyMethodObject *)callable)->im_func;
                args[-1] = Py_NewRef(method);
                Py_DECREF(callable);
                callable = method;
            }
            int positional_args = total_args - (int)PyTuple_GET_SIZE(kwnames);
            // Check if the call can be inlined or not
            if (Py_TYPE(callable) == &PyFunction_Type &&
                tstate->interp->eval_frame == NULL &&
                ((PyFunctionObject *)callable)->vectorcall == _PyFunction_Vectorcall)
            {
                int code_flags = ((PyCodeObject*)PyFunction_GET_CODE(callable))->co_flags;
                PyObject *locals = code_flags & CO_OPTIMIZED ? NULL : Py_NewRef(PyFunction_GET_GLOBALS(callable));
                _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame = _PyEvalFramePushAndInit(
                    tstate, (PyFunctionObject *)callable, locals,
                    args, positional_args, kwnames
                );
                Py_DECREF(kwnames);
                // Manipulate stack directly since we leave using DISPATCH_INLINED().
                STACK_SHRINK(oparg + 3);
                // The frame has stolen all the arguments from the stack,
                // so there is no need to clean them up.
                if (new_frame == NULL) {
                    GOTO_ERROR(error);
                }
                assert(next_instr - this_instr == 1);
                frame->return_offset = 1;
                DISPATCH_INLINED(new_frame);
            }
            /* Callable is not a normal Python function */
            res = PyObject_Vectorcall(
                                      callable, args,
                                      positional_args | PY_VECTORCALL_ARGUMENTS_OFFSET,
                                      kwnames);
            if (opcode == INSTRUMENTED_CALL_KW) {
                PyObject *arg = total_args == 0 ?
                &_PyInstrumentation_MISSING : args[0];
                if (res == NULL) {
                    _Py_call_instrumentation_exc2(
                        tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_C_RAISE,
                        frame, this_instr, callable, arg);
                }
                else {
                    int err = _Py_call_instrumentation_2args(
                        tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_C_RETURN,
                        frame, this_instr, callable, arg);
                    if (err < 0) {
                        Py_CLEAR(res);
                    }
                }
            }
            Py_DECREF(kwnames);
            assert((res != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
            Py_DECREF(callable);
            for (int i = 0; i < total_args; i++) {
                Py_DECREF(args[i]);
            }
            if (res == NULL) { stack_pointer += -3 - oparg; goto error; }
            stack_pointer[-3 - oparg] = res;
            stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
            CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(CALL_LEN) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 4;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_LEN);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject **args;
            PyObject *self_or_null;
            PyObject *callable;
            PyObject *res;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            /* Skip 2 cache entries */
            args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
            self_or_null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
            /* len(o) */
            int total_args = oparg;
            if (self_or_null != NULL) {
                args--;
                total_args++;
            }
            DEOPT_IF(total_args != 1, CALL);
            PyInterpreterState *interp = tstate->interp;
            DEOPT_IF(callable != interp->callable_cache.len, CALL);
            STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
            PyObject *arg = args[0];
            Py_ssize_t len_i = PyObject_Length(arg);
            if (len_i < 0) {
                GOTO_ERROR(error);
            }
            res = PyLong_FromSsize_t(len_i);
            assert((res != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
            Py_DECREF(callable);
            Py_DECREF(arg);
            if (res == NULL) { stack_pointer += -2 - oparg; goto error; }
            stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
            stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(CALL_LIST_APPEND) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 4;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_LIST_APPEND);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject **args;
            PyObject *self;
            PyObject *callable;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            /* Skip 2 cache entries */
            args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
            self = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
            TIER_ONE_ONLY
            assert(oparg == 1);
            PyInterpreterState *interp = tstate->interp;
            DEOPT_IF(callable != interp->callable_cache.list_append, CALL);
            assert(self != NULL);
            DEOPT_IF(!PyList_Check(self), CALL);
            STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
            if (_PyList_AppendTakeRef((PyListObject *)self, args[0]) < 0) {
                goto pop_1_error;  // Since arg is DECREF'ed already
            }
            Py_DECREF(self);
            Py_DECREF(callable);
            STACK_SHRINK(3);
            // Skip POP_TOP
            assert(next_instr->op.code == POP_TOP);
            SKIP_OVER(1);
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 4;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject **args;
            PyObject *self_or_null;
            PyObject *callable;
            PyObject *res;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            /* Skip 2 cache entries */
            args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
            self_or_null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
            int total_args = oparg;
            if (self_or_null != NULL) {
                args--;
                total_args++;
            }
            PyMethodDescrObject *method = (PyMethodDescrObject *)callable;
            /* Builtin METH_FASTCALL methods, without keywords */
            DEOPT_IF(!Py_IS_TYPE(method, &PyMethodDescr_Type), CALL);
            PyMethodDef *meth = method->d_method;
            DEOPT_IF(meth->ml_flags != METH_FASTCALL, CALL);
            PyObject *self = args[0];
            DEOPT_IF(!Py_IS_TYPE(self, method->d_common.d_type), CALL);
            STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
            _PyCFunctionFast cfunc =
            (_PyCFunctionFast)(void(*)(void))meth->ml_meth;
            int nargs = total_args - 1;
            res = cfunc(self, args + 1, nargs);
            assert((res != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
            /* Clear the stack of the arguments. */
            for (int i = 0; i < total_args; i++) {
                Py_DECREF(args[i]);
            }
            Py_DECREF(callable);
            if (res == NULL) { stack_pointer += -2 - oparg; goto error; }
            stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
            stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
            CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST_WITH_KEYWORDS) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 4;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST_WITH_KEYWORDS);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject **args;
            PyObject *self_or_null;
            PyObject *callable;
            PyObject *res;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            /* Skip 2 cache entries */
            args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
            self_or_null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
            int total_args = oparg;
            if (self_or_null != NULL) {
                args--;
                total_args++;
            }
            PyMethodDescrObject *method = (PyMethodDescrObject *)callable;
            DEOPT_IF(!Py_IS_TYPE(method, &PyMethodDescr_Type), CALL);
            PyMethodDef *meth = method->d_method;
            DEOPT_IF(meth->ml_flags != (METH_FASTCALL|METH_KEYWORDS), CALL);
            PyTypeObject *d_type = method->d_common.d_type;
            PyObject *self = args[0];
            DEOPT_IF(!Py_IS_TYPE(self, d_type), CALL);
            STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
            int nargs = total_args - 1;
            _PyCFunctionFastWithKeywords cfunc =
            (_PyCFunctionFastWithKeywords)(void(*)(void))meth->ml_meth;
            res = cfunc(self, args + 1, nargs, NULL);
            assert((res != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
            /* Free the arguments. */
            for (int i = 0; i < total_args; i++) {
                Py_DECREF(args[i]);
            }
            Py_DECREF(callable);
            if (res == NULL) { stack_pointer += -2 - oparg; goto error; }
            stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
            stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
            CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_NOARGS) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 4;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_NOARGS);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject **args;
            PyObject *self_or_null;
            PyObject *callable;
            PyObject *res;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            /* Skip 2 cache entries */
            args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
            self_or_null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
            assert(oparg == 0 || oparg == 1);
            int total_args = oparg;
            if (self_or_null != NULL) {
                args--;
                total_args++;
            }
            DEOPT_IF(total_args != 1, CALL);
            PyMethodDescrObject *method = (PyMethodDescrObject *)callable;
            DEOPT_IF(!Py_IS_TYPE(method, &PyMethodDescr_Type), CALL);
            PyMethodDef *meth = method->d_method;
            PyObject *self = args[0];
            DEOPT_IF(!Py_IS_TYPE(self, method->d_common.d_type), CALL);
            DEOPT_IF(meth->ml_flags != METH_NOARGS, CALL);
            STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
            PyCFunction cfunc = meth->ml_meth;
            // This is slower but CPython promises to check all non-vectorcall
            // function calls.
            if (_Py_EnterRecursiveCallTstate(tstate, " while calling a Python object")) {
                GOTO_ERROR(error);
            }
            res = _PyCFunction_TrampolineCall(cfunc, self, NULL);
            _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallTstate(tstate);
            assert((res != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
            Py_DECREF(self);
            Py_DECREF(callable);
            if (res == NULL) { stack_pointer += -2 - oparg; goto error; }
            stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
            stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
            CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_O) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 4;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_O);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject **args;
            PyObject *self_or_null;
            PyObject *callable;
            PyObject *res;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            /* Skip 2 cache entries */
            args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
            self_or_null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
            int total_args = oparg;
            if (self_or_null != NULL) {
                args--;
                total_args++;
            }
            PyMethodDescrObject *method = (PyMethodDescrObject *)callable;
            DEOPT_IF(total_args != 2, CALL);
            DEOPT_IF(!Py_IS_TYPE(method, &PyMethodDescr_Type), CALL);
            PyMethodDef *meth = method->d_method;
            DEOPT_IF(meth->ml_flags != METH_O, CALL);
            PyObject *arg = args[1];
            PyObject *self = args[0];
            DEOPT_IF(!Py_IS_TYPE(self, method->d_common.d_type), CALL);
            STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
            PyCFunction cfunc = meth->ml_meth;
            // This is slower but CPython promises to check all non-vectorcall
            // function calls.
            if (_Py_EnterRecursiveCallTstate(tstate, " while calling a Python object")) {
                GOTO_ERROR(error);
            }
            res = _PyCFunction_TrampolineCall(cfunc, self, arg);
            _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallTstate(tstate);
            assert((res != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
            Py_DECREF(self);
            Py_DECREF(arg);
            Py_DECREF(callable);
            if (res == NULL) { stack_pointer += -2 - oparg; goto error; }
            stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
            stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
            CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(CALL_PY_EXACT_ARGS) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 4;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_PY_EXACT_ARGS);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject *self_or_null;
            PyObject *callable;
            PyObject **args;
            _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _CHECK_PEP_523
            {
                DEOPT_IF(tstate->interp->eval_frame, CALL);
            }
            // _CHECK_FUNCTION_EXACT_ARGS
            self_or_null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
            {
                uint32_t func_version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
                DEOPT_IF(!PyFunction_Check(callable), CALL);
                PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)callable;
                DEOPT_IF(func->func_version != func_version, CALL);
                PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject *)func->func_code;
                DEOPT_IF(code->co_argcount != oparg + (self_or_null != NULL), CALL);
            }
            // _CHECK_STACK_SPACE
            {
                PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)callable;
                PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject *)func->func_code;
                DEOPT_IF(!_PyThreadState_HasStackSpace(tstate, code->co_framesize), CALL);
                DEOPT_IF(tstate->py_recursion_remaining <= 1, CALL);
            }
            // _INIT_CALL_PY_EXACT_ARGS
            args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
            self_or_null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
            {
                int argcount = oparg;
                if (self_or_null != NULL) {
                    args--;
                    argcount++;
                }
                STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
                PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)callable;
                new_frame = _PyFrame_PushUnchecked(tstate, func, argcount);
                for (int i = 0; i < argcount; i++) {
                    new_frame->localsplus[i] = args[i];
                }
            }
            // _SAVE_RETURN_OFFSET
            {
                #if TIER_ONE
                frame->return_offset = (uint16_t)(next_instr - this_instr);
                #endif
                #if TIER_TWO
                frame->return_offset = oparg;
                #endif
            }
            // _PUSH_FRAME
            {
                // Write it out explicitly because it's subtly different.
                // Eventually this should be the only occurrence of this code.
                assert(tstate->interp->eval_frame == NULL);
                stack_pointer += -2 - oparg;
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                new_frame->previous = frame;
                CALL_STAT_INC(inlined_py_calls);
                frame = tstate->current_frame = new_frame;
                tstate->py_recursion_remaining--;
                LOAD_SP();
                LOAD_IP(0);
                #if LLTRACE && TIER_ONE
                lltrace = maybe_lltrace_resume_frame(frame, &entry_frame, GLOBALS());
                if (lltrace < 0) {
                    goto exit_unwind;
                }
                #endif
            }
            stack_pointer += ((0) ? 1 : 0);
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(CALL_PY_WITH_DEFAULTS) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 4;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_PY_WITH_DEFAULTS);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject **args;
            PyObject *self_or_null;
            PyObject *callable;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
            self_or_null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
            uint32_t func_version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
            DEOPT_IF(tstate->interp->eval_frame, CALL);
            int argcount = oparg;
            if (self_or_null != NULL) {
                args--;
                argcount++;
            }
            DEOPT_IF(!PyFunction_Check(callable), CALL);
            PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)callable;
            DEOPT_IF(func->func_version != func_version, CALL);
            PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject *)func->func_code;
            assert(func->func_defaults);
            assert(PyTuple_CheckExact(func->func_defaults));
            int defcount = (int)PyTuple_GET_SIZE(func->func_defaults);
            assert(defcount <= code->co_argcount);
            int min_args = code->co_argcount - defcount;
            DEOPT_IF(argcount > code->co_argcount, CALL);
            DEOPT_IF(argcount < min_args, CALL);
            DEOPT_IF(!_PyThreadState_HasStackSpace(tstate, code->co_framesize), CALL);
            STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
            _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame = _PyFrame_PushUnchecked(tstate, func, code->co_argcount);
            for (int i = 0; i < argcount; i++) {
                new_frame->localsplus[i] = args[i];
            }
            for (int i = argcount; i < code->co_argcount; i++) {
                PyObject *def = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(func->func_defaults, i - min_args);
                new_frame->localsplus[i] = Py_NewRef(def);
            }
            // Manipulate stack and cache directly since we leave using DISPATCH_INLINED().
            STACK_SHRINK(oparg + 2);
            frame->return_offset = (uint16_t)(next_instr - this_instr);
            DISPATCH_INLINED(new_frame);
        }

        TARGET(CALL_STR_1) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 4;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_STR_1);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject **args;
            PyObject *null;
            PyObject *callable;
            PyObject *res;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            /* Skip 2 cache entries */
            args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
            null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
            assert(oparg == 1);
            DEOPT_IF(null != NULL, CALL);
            DEOPT_IF(callable != (PyObject *)&PyUnicode_Type, CALL);
            STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
            PyObject *arg = args[0];
            res = PyObject_Str(arg);
            Py_DECREF(arg);
            Py_DECREF(&PyUnicode_Type);  // I.e., callable
            if (res == NULL) { stack_pointer += -2 - oparg; goto error; }
            stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
            stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
            CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(CALL_TUPLE_1) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 4;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_TUPLE_1);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject **args;
            PyObject *null;
            PyObject *callable;
            PyObject *res;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            /* Skip 2 cache entries */
            args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
            null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
            assert(oparg == 1);
            DEOPT_IF(null != NULL, CALL);
            DEOPT_IF(callable != (PyObject *)&PyTuple_Type, CALL);
            STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
            PyObject *arg = args[0];
            res = PySequence_Tuple(arg);
            Py_DECREF(arg);
            Py_DECREF(&PyTuple_Type);  // I.e., tuple
            if (res == NULL) { stack_pointer += -2 - oparg; goto error; }
            stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
            stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
            CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(CALL_TYPE_1) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 4;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(CALL_TYPE_1);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject **args;
            PyObject *null;
            PyObject *callable;
            PyObject *res;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            /* Skip 2 cache entries */
            args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
            null = stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
            callable = stack_pointer[-2 - oparg];
            assert(oparg == 1);
            DEOPT_IF(null != NULL, CALL);
            PyObject *obj = args[0];
            DEOPT_IF(callable != (PyObject *)&PyType_Type, CALL);
            STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
            res = Py_NewRef(Py_TYPE(obj));
            Py_DECREF(obj);
            Py_DECREF(&PyType_Type);  // I.e., callable
            stack_pointer[-2 - oparg] = res;
            stack_pointer += -1 - oparg;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(CHECK_EG_MATCH) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(CHECK_EG_MATCH);
            PyObject *match_type;
            PyObject *exc_value;
            PyObject *rest;
            PyObject *match;
            match_type = stack_pointer[-1];
            exc_value = stack_pointer[-2];
            if (_PyEval_CheckExceptStarTypeValid(tstate, match_type) < 0) {
                Py_DECREF(exc_value);
                Py_DECREF(match_type);
                if (true) goto pop_2_error;
            }
            match = NULL;
            rest = NULL;
            int res = _PyEval_ExceptionGroupMatch(exc_value, match_type,
                &match, &rest);
            Py_DECREF(exc_value);
            Py_DECREF(match_type);
            if (res < 0) goto pop_2_error;
            assert((match == NULL) == (rest == NULL));
            if (match == NULL) goto pop_2_error;
            if (!Py_IsNone(match)) {
                PyErr_SetHandledException(match);
            }
            stack_pointer[-2] = rest;
            stack_pointer[-1] = match;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(CHECK_EXC_MATCH) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(CHECK_EXC_MATCH);
            PyObject *right;
            PyObject *left;
            PyObject *b;
            right = stack_pointer[-1];
            left = stack_pointer[-2];
            assert(PyExceptionInstance_Check(left));
            if (_PyEval_CheckExceptTypeValid(tstate, right) < 0) {
                Py_DECREF(right);
                if (true) goto pop_1_error;
            }
            int res = PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(left, right);
            Py_DECREF(right);
            b = res ? Py_True : Py_False;
            stack_pointer[-1] = b;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(CLEANUP_THROW) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(CLEANUP_THROW);
            PyObject *exc_value;
            PyObject *last_sent_val;
            PyObject *sub_iter;
            PyObject *none;
            PyObject *value;
            exc_value = stack_pointer[-1];
            last_sent_val = stack_pointer[-2];
            sub_iter = stack_pointer[-3];
            TIER_ONE_ONLY
            assert(throwflag);
            assert(exc_value && PyExceptionInstance_Check(exc_value));
            if (PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(exc_value, PyExc_StopIteration)) {
                value = Py_NewRef(((PyStopIterationObject *)exc_value)->value);
                Py_DECREF(sub_iter);
                Py_DECREF(last_sent_val);
                Py_DECREF(exc_value);
                none = Py_None;
            }
            else {
                _PyErr_SetRaisedException(tstate, Py_NewRef(exc_value));
                monitor_reraise(tstate, frame, this_instr);
                goto exception_unwind;
            }
            stack_pointer[-3] = none;
            stack_pointer[-2] = value;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(COMPARE_OP) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(COMPARE_OP);
            PREDICTED(COMPARE_OP);
            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = next_instr - 2;
            PyObject *right;
            PyObject *left;
            PyObject *res;
            // _SPECIALIZE_COMPARE_OP
            right = stack_pointer[-1];
            left = stack_pointer[-2];
            {
                uint16_t counter = read_u16(&this_instr[1].cache);
                TIER_ONE_ONLY
                #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
                if (ADAPTIVE_COUNTER_IS_ZERO(counter)) {
                    next_instr = this_instr;
                    _Py_Specialize_CompareOp(left, right, next_instr, oparg);
                    DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
                }
                STAT_INC(COMPARE_OP, deferred);
                DECREMENT_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].cache);
                #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
            }
            // _COMPARE_OP
            {
                assert((oparg >> 5) <= Py_GE);
                res = PyObject_RichCompare(left, right, oparg >> 5);
                Py_DECREF(left);
                Py_DECREF(right);
                if (res == NULL) goto pop_2_error;
                if (oparg & 16) {
                    int res_bool = PyObject_IsTrue(res);
                    Py_DECREF(res);
                    if (res_bool < 0) goto pop_2_error;
                    res = res_bool ? Py_True : Py_False;
                }
            }
            stack_pointer[-2] = res;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(COMPARE_OP_FLOAT) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(COMPARE_OP_FLOAT);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_COMPARE_OP == 1, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject *right;
            PyObject *left;
            PyObject *res;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            right = stack_pointer[-1];
            left = stack_pointer[-2];
            DEOPT_IF(!PyFloat_CheckExact(left), COMPARE_OP);
            DEOPT_IF(!PyFloat_CheckExact(right), COMPARE_OP);
            STAT_INC(COMPARE_OP, hit);
            double dleft = PyFloat_AS_DOUBLE(left);
            double dright = PyFloat_AS_DOUBLE(right);
            // 1 if NaN, 2 if <, 4 if >, 8 if ==; this matches low four bits of the oparg
            int sign_ish = COMPARISON_BIT(dleft, dright);
            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(left, _PyFloat_ExactDealloc);
            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(right, _PyFloat_ExactDealloc);
            res = (sign_ish & oparg) ? Py_True : Py_False;
            // It's always a bool, so we don't care about oparg & 16.
            stack_pointer[-2] = res;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(COMPARE_OP_INT) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(COMPARE_OP_INT);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_COMPARE_OP == 1, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject *right;
            PyObject *left;
            PyObject *res;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            right = stack_pointer[-1];
            left = stack_pointer[-2];
            DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(left), COMPARE_OP);
            DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(right), COMPARE_OP);
            DEOPT_IF(!_PyLong_IsCompact((PyLongObject *)left), COMPARE_OP);
            DEOPT_IF(!_PyLong_IsCompact((PyLongObject *)right), COMPARE_OP);
            STAT_INC(COMPARE_OP, hit);
            assert(_PyLong_DigitCount((PyLongObject *)left) <= 1 &&
                   _PyLong_DigitCount((PyLongObject *)right) <= 1);
            Py_ssize_t ileft = _PyLong_CompactValue((PyLongObject *)left);
            Py_ssize_t iright = _PyLong_CompactValue((PyLongObject *)right);
            // 2 if <, 4 if >, 8 if ==; this matches the low 4 bits of the oparg
            int sign_ish = COMPARISON_BIT(ileft, iright);
            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(left, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(right, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
            res = (sign_ish & oparg) ? Py_True : Py_False;
            // It's always a bool, so we don't care about oparg & 16.
            stack_pointer[-2] = res;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(COMPARE_OP_STR) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(COMPARE_OP_STR);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_COMPARE_OP == 1, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject *right;
            PyObject *left;
            PyObject *res;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            right = stack_pointer[-1];
            left = stack_pointer[-2];
            DEOPT_IF(!PyUnicode_CheckExact(left), COMPARE_OP);
            DEOPT_IF(!PyUnicode_CheckExact(right), COMPARE_OP);
            STAT_INC(COMPARE_OP, hit);
            int eq = _PyUnicode_Equal(left, right);
            assert((oparg >> 5) == Py_EQ || (oparg >> 5) == Py_NE);
            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(left, _PyUnicode_ExactDealloc);
            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(right, _PyUnicode_ExactDealloc);
            assert(eq == 0 || eq == 1);
            assert((oparg & 0xf) == COMPARISON_NOT_EQUALS || (oparg & 0xf) == COMPARISON_EQUALS);
            assert(COMPARISON_NOT_EQUALS + 1 == COMPARISON_EQUALS);
            res = ((COMPARISON_NOT_EQUALS + eq) & oparg) ? Py_True : Py_False;
            // It's always a bool, so we don't care about oparg & 16.
            stack_pointer[-2] = res;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(CONTAINS_OP) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(CONTAINS_OP);
            PyObject *right;
            PyObject *left;
            PyObject *b;
            right = stack_pointer[-1];
            left = stack_pointer[-2];
            int res = PySequence_Contains(right, left);
            Py_DECREF(left);
            Py_DECREF(right);
            if (res < 0) goto pop_2_error;
            b = (res ^ oparg) ? Py_True : Py_False;
            stack_pointer[-2] = b;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(CONVERT_VALUE) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(CONVERT_VALUE);
            PyObject *value;
            PyObject *result;
            value = stack_pointer[-1];
            convertion_func_ptr  conv_fn;
            assert(oparg >= FVC_STR && oparg <= FVC_ASCII);
            conv_fn = CONVERSION_FUNCTIONS[oparg];
            result = conv_fn(value);
            Py_DECREF(value);
            if (result == NULL) goto pop_1_error;
            stack_pointer[-1] = result;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(COPY) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(COPY);
            PyObject *bottom;
            PyObject *top;
            bottom = stack_pointer[-1 - (oparg-1)];
            assert(oparg > 0);
            top = Py_NewRef(bottom);
            stack_pointer[0] = top;
            stack_pointer += 1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(COPY_FREE_VARS) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(COPY_FREE_VARS);
            /* Copy closure variables to free variables */
            PyCodeObject *co = _PyFrame_GetCode(frame);
            assert(PyFunction_Check(frame->f_funcobj));
            PyObject *closure = ((PyFunctionObject *)frame->f_funcobj)->func_closure;
            assert(oparg == co->co_nfreevars);
            int offset = co->co_nlocalsplus - oparg;
            for (int i = 0; i < oparg; ++i) {
                PyObject *o = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(closure, i);
                frame->localsplus[offset + i] = Py_NewRef(o);
            }
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(DELETE_ATTR) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(DELETE_ATTR);
            PyObject *owner;
            owner = stack_pointer[-1];
            PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg);
            int err = PyObject_DelAttr(owner, name);
            Py_DECREF(owner);
            if (err) goto pop_1_error;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(DELETE_DEREF) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(DELETE_DEREF);
            PyObject *cell = GETLOCAL(oparg);
            PyObject *oldobj = PyCell_GET(cell);
            // Can't use ERROR_IF here.
            // Fortunately we don't need its superpower.
            if (oldobj == NULL) {
                _PyEval_FormatExcUnbound(tstate, _PyFrame_GetCode(frame), oparg);
                GOTO_ERROR(error);
            }
            PyCell_SET(cell, NULL);
            Py_DECREF(oldobj);
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(DELETE_FAST) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(DELETE_FAST);
            PyObject *v = GETLOCAL(oparg);
            if (v == NULL) goto unbound_local_error;
            SETLOCAL(oparg, NULL);
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(DELETE_GLOBAL) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(DELETE_GLOBAL);
            PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg);
            int err;
            err = PyDict_DelItem(GLOBALS(), name);
            // Can't use ERROR_IF here.
            if (err != 0) {
                if (_PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_KeyError)) {
                    _PyEval_FormatExcCheckArg(tstate, PyExc_NameError,
                        NAME_ERROR_MSG, name);
                }
                GOTO_ERROR(error);
            }
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(DELETE_NAME) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(DELETE_NAME);
            PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg);
            PyObject *ns = LOCALS();
            int err;
            if (ns == NULL) {
                _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_SystemError,
                              "no locals when deleting %R", name);
                GOTO_ERROR(error);
            }
            err = PyObject_DelItem(ns, name);
            // Can't use ERROR_IF here.
            if (err != 0) {
                _PyEval_FormatExcCheckArg(tstate, PyExc_NameError,
                    NAME_ERROR_MSG,
                    name);
                GOTO_ERROR(error);
            }
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(DELETE_SUBSCR) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(DELETE_SUBSCR);
            PyObject *sub;
            PyObject *container;
            sub = stack_pointer[-1];
            container = stack_pointer[-2];
            /* del container[sub] */
            int err = PyObject_DelItem(container, sub);
            Py_DECREF(container);
            Py_DECREF(sub);
            if (err) goto pop_2_error;
            stack_pointer += -2;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(DICT_MERGE) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(DICT_MERGE);
            PyObject *update;
            PyObject *dict;
            PyObject *callable;
            update = stack_pointer[-1];
            dict = stack_pointer[-2 - (oparg - 1)];
            callable = stack_pointer[-5 - (oparg - 1)];
            if (_PyDict_MergeEx(dict, update, 2) < 0) {
                _PyEval_FormatKwargsError(tstate, callable, update);
                Py_DECREF(update);
                if (true) goto pop_1_error;
            }
            Py_DECREF(update);
            stack_pointer += -1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(DICT_UPDATE) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(DICT_UPDATE);
            PyObject *update;
            PyObject *dict;
            update = stack_pointer[-1];
            dict = stack_pointer[-2 - (oparg - 1)];
            if (PyDict_Update(dict, update) < 0) {
                if (_PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_AttributeError)) {
                    _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                                  "'%.200s' object is not a mapping",
                                  Py_TYPE(update)->tp_name);
                }
                Py_DECREF(update);
                if (true) goto pop_1_error;
            }
            Py_DECREF(update);
            stack_pointer += -1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(END_ASYNC_FOR) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(END_ASYNC_FOR);
            PyObject *exc;
            PyObject *awaitable;
            exc = stack_pointer[-1];
            awaitable = stack_pointer[-2];
            TIER_ONE_ONLY
            assert(exc && PyExceptionInstance_Check(exc));
            if (PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(exc, PyExc_StopAsyncIteration)) {
                Py_DECREF(awaitable);
                Py_DECREF(exc);
            }
            else {
                Py_INCREF(exc);
                _PyErr_SetRaisedException(tstate, exc);
                monitor_reraise(tstate, frame, this_instr);
                goto exception_unwind;
            }
            stack_pointer += -2;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(END_FOR) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(END_FOR);
            PyObject *value;
            // _POP_TOP
            value = stack_pointer[-1];
            {
                Py_DECREF(value);
            }
            // _POP_TOP
            value = stack_pointer[-2];
            {
                Py_DECREF(value);
            }
            stack_pointer += -2;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(END_SEND) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(END_SEND);
            PyObject *value;
            PyObject *receiver;
            value = stack_pointer[-1];
            receiver = stack_pointer[-2];
            Py_DECREF(receiver);
            stack_pointer[-2] = value;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(ENTER_EXECUTOR) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(ENTER_EXECUTOR);
            TIER_ONE_ONLY
            CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
            PyCodeObject *code = _PyFrame_GetCode(frame);
            _PyExecutorObject *executor = (_PyExecutorObject *)code->co_executors->executors[oparg&255];
            if (executor->vm_data.valid) {
                Py_INCREF(executor);
                current_executor = (_PyUOpExecutorObject *)executor;
                GOTO_TIER_TWO();
            }
            else {
                /* ENTER_EXECUTOR will be the first code unit of the instruction */
                assert(oparg < 256);
                code->co_executors->executors[oparg] = NULL;
                opcode = this_instr->op.code = executor->vm_data.opcode;
                this_instr->op.arg = executor->vm_data.oparg;
                oparg = executor->vm_data.oparg;
                Py_DECREF(executor);
                next_instr = this_instr;
                DISPATCH_GOTO();
            }
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(EXIT_INIT_CHECK) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(EXIT_INIT_CHECK);
            PyObject *should_be_none;
            should_be_none = stack_pointer[-1];
            assert(STACK_LEVEL() == 2);
            if (should_be_none != Py_None) {
                PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
                             "__init__() should return None, not '%.200s'",
                             Py_TYPE(should_be_none)->tp_name);
                GOTO_ERROR(error);
            }
            stack_pointer += -1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(EXTENDED_ARG) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(EXTENDED_ARG);
            TIER_ONE_ONLY
            assert(oparg);
            opcode = next_instr->op.code;
            oparg = oparg << 8 | next_instr->op.arg;
            PRE_DISPATCH_GOTO();
            DISPATCH_GOTO();
        }

        TARGET(FORMAT_SIMPLE) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(FORMAT_SIMPLE);
            PyObject *value;
            PyObject *res;
            value = stack_pointer[-1];
            /* If value is a unicode object, then we know the result
             * of format(value) is value itself. */
            if (!PyUnicode_CheckExact(value)) {
                res = PyObject_Format(value, NULL);
                Py_DECREF(value);
                if (res == NULL) goto pop_1_error;
            }
            else {
                res = value;
            }
            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(FORMAT_WITH_SPEC) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(FORMAT_WITH_SPEC);
            PyObject *fmt_spec;
            PyObject *value;
            PyObject *res;
            fmt_spec = stack_pointer[-1];
            value = stack_pointer[-2];
            res = PyObject_Format(value, fmt_spec);
            Py_DECREF(value);
            Py_DECREF(fmt_spec);
            if (res == NULL) goto pop_2_error;
            stack_pointer[-2] = res;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(FOR_ITER) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(FOR_ITER);
            PREDICTED(FOR_ITER);
            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = next_instr - 2;
            PyObject *iter;
            PyObject *next;
            // _SPECIALIZE_FOR_ITER
            iter = stack_pointer[-1];
            {
                uint16_t counter = read_u16(&this_instr[1].cache);
                TIER_ONE_ONLY
                #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
                if (ADAPTIVE_COUNTER_IS_ZERO(counter)) {
                    next_instr = this_instr;
                    _Py_Specialize_ForIter(iter, next_instr, oparg);
                    DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
                }
                STAT_INC(FOR_ITER, deferred);
                DECREMENT_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].cache);
                #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
            }
            // _FOR_ITER
            {
                /* before: [iter]; after: [iter, iter()] *or* [] (and jump over END_FOR.) */
                next = (*Py_TYPE(iter)->tp_iternext)(iter);
                if (next == NULL) {
                    if (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
                        if (!_PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_StopIteration)) {
                            GOTO_ERROR(error);
                        }
                        monitor_raise(tstate, frame, this_instr);
                        _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
                    }
                    /* iterator ended normally */
                    assert(next_instr[oparg].op.code == END_FOR ||
                       next_instr[oparg].op.code == INSTRUMENTED_END_FOR);
                    Py_DECREF(iter);
                    STACK_SHRINK(1);
                    /* Jump forward oparg, then skip following END_FOR instruction */
                    JUMPBY(oparg + 1);
                    DISPATCH();
                }
                // Common case: no jump, leave it to the code generator
            }
            stack_pointer[0] = next;
            stack_pointer += 1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(FOR_ITER_GEN) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(FOR_ITER_GEN);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_FOR_ITER == 1, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject *iter;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            iter = stack_pointer[-1];
            DEOPT_IF(tstate->interp->eval_frame, FOR_ITER);
            PyGenObject *gen = (PyGenObject *)iter;
            DEOPT_IF(Py_TYPE(gen) != &PyGen_Type, FOR_ITER);
            DEOPT_IF(gen->gi_frame_state >= FRAME_EXECUTING, FOR_ITER);
            STAT_INC(FOR_ITER, hit);
            _PyInterpreterFrame *gen_frame = (_PyInterpreterFrame *)gen->gi_iframe;
            _PyFrame_StackPush(gen_frame, Py_None);
            gen->gi_frame_state = FRAME_EXECUTING;
            gen->gi_exc_state.previous_item = tstate->exc_info;
            tstate->exc_info = &gen->gi_exc_state;
            assert(next_instr[oparg].op.code == END_FOR ||
                   next_instr[oparg].op.code == INSTRUMENTED_END_FOR);
            assert(next_instr - this_instr + oparg <= UINT16_MAX);
            frame->return_offset = (uint16_t)(next_instr - this_instr + oparg);
            DISPATCH_INLINED(gen_frame);
        }

        TARGET(FOR_ITER_LIST) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(FOR_ITER_LIST);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_FOR_ITER == 1, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject *iter;
            PyObject *next;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _ITER_CHECK_LIST
            iter = stack_pointer[-1];
            {
                DEOPT_IF(Py_TYPE(iter) != &PyListIter_Type, FOR_ITER);
            }
            // _ITER_JUMP_LIST
            {
                _PyListIterObject *it = (_PyListIterObject *)iter;
                assert(Py_TYPE(iter) == &PyListIter_Type);
                STAT_INC(FOR_ITER, hit);
                PyListObject *seq = it->it_seq;
                if (seq == NULL || it->it_index >= PyList_GET_SIZE(seq)) {
                    if (seq != NULL) {
                        it->it_seq = NULL;
                        Py_DECREF(seq);
                    }
                    Py_DECREF(iter);
                    STACK_SHRINK(1);
                    /* Jump forward oparg, then skip following END_FOR instruction */
                    JUMPBY(oparg + 1);
                    DISPATCH();
                }
            }
            // _ITER_NEXT_LIST
            {
                _PyListIterObject *it = (_PyListIterObject *)iter;
                assert(Py_TYPE(iter) == &PyListIter_Type);
                PyListObject *seq = it->it_seq;
                assert(seq);
                assert(it->it_index < PyList_GET_SIZE(seq));
                next = Py_NewRef(PyList_GET_ITEM(seq, it->it_index++));
            }
            stack_pointer[0] = next;
            stack_pointer += 1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(FOR_ITER_RANGE) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(FOR_ITER_RANGE);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_FOR_ITER == 1, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject *iter;
            PyObject *next;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _ITER_CHECK_RANGE
            iter = stack_pointer[-1];
            {
                _PyRangeIterObject *r = (_PyRangeIterObject *)iter;
                DEOPT_IF(Py_TYPE(r) != &PyRangeIter_Type, FOR_ITER);
            }
            // _ITER_JUMP_RANGE
            {
                _PyRangeIterObject *r = (_PyRangeIterObject *)iter;
                assert(Py_TYPE(r) == &PyRangeIter_Type);
                STAT_INC(FOR_ITER, hit);
                if (r->len <= 0) {
                    STACK_SHRINK(1);
                    Py_DECREF(r);
                    // Jump over END_FOR instruction.
                    JUMPBY(oparg + 1);
                    DISPATCH();
                }
            }
            // _ITER_NEXT_RANGE
            {
                _PyRangeIterObject *r = (_PyRangeIterObject *)iter;
                assert(Py_TYPE(r) == &PyRangeIter_Type);
                assert(r->len > 0);
                long value = r->start;
                r->start = value + r->step;
                r->len--;
                next = PyLong_FromLong(value);
                if (next == NULL) goto error;
            }
            stack_pointer[0] = next;
            stack_pointer += 1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(FOR_ITER_TUPLE) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(FOR_ITER_TUPLE);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_FOR_ITER == 1, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject *iter;
            PyObject *next;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _ITER_CHECK_TUPLE
            iter = stack_pointer[-1];
            {
                DEOPT_IF(Py_TYPE(iter) != &PyTupleIter_Type, FOR_ITER);
            }
            // _ITER_JUMP_TUPLE
            {
                _PyTupleIterObject *it = (_PyTupleIterObject *)iter;
                assert(Py_TYPE(iter) == &PyTupleIter_Type);
                STAT_INC(FOR_ITER, hit);
                PyTupleObject *seq = it->it_seq;
                if (seq == NULL || it->it_index >= PyTuple_GET_SIZE(seq)) {
                    if (seq != NULL) {
                        it->it_seq = NULL;
                        Py_DECREF(seq);
                    }
                    Py_DECREF(iter);
                    STACK_SHRINK(1);
                    /* Jump forward oparg, then skip following END_FOR instruction */
                    JUMPBY(oparg + 1);
                    DISPATCH();
                }
            }
            // _ITER_NEXT_TUPLE
            {
                _PyTupleIterObject *it = (_PyTupleIterObject *)iter;
                assert(Py_TYPE(iter) == &PyTupleIter_Type);
                PyTupleObject *seq = it->it_seq;
                assert(seq);
                assert(it->it_index < PyTuple_GET_SIZE(seq));
                next = Py_NewRef(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(seq, it->it_index++));
            }
            stack_pointer[0] = next;
            stack_pointer += 1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(GET_AITER) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(GET_AITER);
            PyObject *obj;
            PyObject *iter;
            obj = stack_pointer[-1];
            unaryfunc getter = NULL;
            PyTypeObject *type = Py_TYPE(obj);
            if (type->tp_as_async != NULL) {
                getter = type->tp_as_async->am_aiter;
            }
            if (getter == NULL) {
                _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                              "'async for' requires an object with "
                              "__aiter__ method, got %.100s",
                              type->tp_name);
                Py_DECREF(obj);
                if (true) goto pop_1_error;
            }
            iter = (*getter)(obj);
            Py_DECREF(obj);
            if (iter == NULL) goto pop_1_error;
            if (Py_TYPE(iter)->tp_as_async == NULL ||
                Py_TYPE(iter)->tp_as_async->am_anext == NULL) {
                _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                              "'async for' received an object from __aiter__ "
                              "that does not implement __anext__: %.100s",
                              Py_TYPE(iter)->tp_name);
                Py_DECREF(iter);
                if (true) goto pop_1_error;
            }
            stack_pointer[-1] = iter;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(GET_ANEXT) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(GET_ANEXT);
            PyObject *aiter;
            PyObject *awaitable;
            aiter = stack_pointer[-1];
            unaryfunc getter = NULL;
            PyObject *next_iter = NULL;
            PyTypeObject *type = Py_TYPE(aiter);
            if (PyAsyncGen_CheckExact(aiter)) {
                awaitable = type->tp_as_async->am_anext(aiter);
                if (awaitable == NULL) {
                    GOTO_ERROR(error);
                }
            } else {
                if (type->tp_as_async != NULL){
                    getter = type->tp_as_async->am_anext;
                }
                if (getter != NULL) {
                    next_iter = (*getter)(aiter);
                    if (next_iter == NULL) {
                        GOTO_ERROR(error);
                    }
                }
                else {
                    _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                                  "'async for' requires an iterator with "
                                  "__anext__ method, got %.100s",
                                  type->tp_name);
                    GOTO_ERROR(error);
                }
                awaitable = _PyCoro_GetAwaitableIter(next_iter);
                if (awaitable == NULL) {
                    _PyErr_FormatFromCause(
                        PyExc_TypeError,
                        "'async for' received an invalid object "
                        "from __anext__: %.100s",
                        Py_TYPE(next_iter)->tp_name);
                    Py_DECREF(next_iter);
                    GOTO_ERROR(error);
                } else {
                    Py_DECREF(next_iter);
                }
            }
            stack_pointer[0] = awaitable;
            stack_pointer += 1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(GET_AWAITABLE) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(GET_AWAITABLE);
            PyObject *iterable;
            PyObject *iter;
            iterable = stack_pointer[-1];
            iter = _PyCoro_GetAwaitableIter(iterable);
            if (iter == NULL) {
                _PyEval_FormatAwaitableError(tstate, Py_TYPE(iterable), oparg);
            }
            Py_DECREF(iterable);
            if (iter != NULL && PyCoro_CheckExact(iter)) {
                PyObject *yf = _PyGen_yf((PyGenObject*)iter);
                if (yf != NULL) {
                    /* `iter` is a coroutine object that is being
                       awaited, `yf` is a pointer to the current awaitable
                       being awaited on. */
                    Py_DECREF(yf);
                    Py_CLEAR(iter);
                    _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_RuntimeError,
                                     "coroutine is being awaited already");
                    /* The code below jumps to `error` if `iter` is NULL. */
                }
            }
            if (iter == NULL) goto pop_1_error;
            stack_pointer[-1] = iter;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(GET_ITER) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(GET_ITER);
            PyObject *iterable;
            PyObject *iter;
            iterable = stack_pointer[-1];
            /* before: [obj]; after [getiter(obj)] */
            iter = PyObject_GetIter(iterable);
            Py_DECREF(iterable);
            if (iter == NULL) goto pop_1_error;
            stack_pointer[-1] = iter;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(GET_LEN) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(GET_LEN);
            PyObject *obj;
            PyObject *len_o;
            obj = stack_pointer[-1];
            // PUSH(len(TOS))
            Py_ssize_t len_i = PyObject_Length(obj);
            if (len_i < 0) goto error;
            len_o = PyLong_FromSsize_t(len_i);
            if (len_o == NULL) goto error;
            stack_pointer[0] = len_o;
            stack_pointer += 1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(GET_YIELD_FROM_ITER) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(GET_YIELD_FROM_ITER);
            PyObject *iterable;
            PyObject *iter;
            iterable = stack_pointer[-1];
            /* before: [obj]; after [getiter(obj)] */
            if (PyCoro_CheckExact(iterable)) {
                /* `iterable` is a coroutine */
                if (!(_PyFrame_GetCode(frame)->co_flags & (CO_COROUTINE | CO_ITERABLE_COROUTINE))) {
                    /* and it is used in a 'yield from' expression of a
                       regular generator. */
                    _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                                     "cannot 'yield from' a coroutine object "
                                     "in a non-coroutine generator");
                    GOTO_ERROR(error);
                }
                iter = iterable;
            }
            else if (PyGen_CheckExact(iterable)) {
                iter = iterable;
            }
            else {
                /* `iterable` is not a generator. */
                iter = PyObject_GetIter(iterable);
                if (iter == NULL) {
                    GOTO_ERROR(error);
                }
                Py_DECREF(iterable);
            }
            stack_pointer[-1] = iter;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(IMPORT_FROM) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(IMPORT_FROM);
            PyObject *from;
            PyObject *res;
            from = stack_pointer[-1];
            TIER_ONE_ONLY
            PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg);
            res = import_from(tstate, from, name);
            if (res == NULL) goto error;
            stack_pointer[0] = res;
            stack_pointer += 1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(IMPORT_NAME) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(IMPORT_NAME);
            PyObject *fromlist;
            PyObject *level;
            PyObject *res;
            fromlist = stack_pointer[-1];
            level = stack_pointer[-2];
            TIER_ONE_ONLY
            PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg);
            res = import_name(tstate, frame, name, fromlist, level);
            Py_DECREF(level);
            Py_DECREF(fromlist);
            if (res == NULL) goto pop_2_error;
            stack_pointer[-2] = res;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(INSTRUMENTED_CALL) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 4;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(INSTRUMENTED_CALL);
            /* Skip 3 cache entries */
            int is_meth = PEEK(oparg + 1) != NULL;
            int total_args = oparg + is_meth;
            PyObject *function = PEEK(oparg + 2);
            PyObject *arg = total_args == 0 ?
            &_PyInstrumentation_MISSING : PEEK(total_args);
            int err = _Py_call_instrumentation_2args(
                tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_CALL,
                frame, this_instr, function, arg);
            if (err) goto error;
            INCREMENT_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].cache);
            GO_TO_INSTRUCTION(CALL);
        }

        TARGET(INSTRUMENTED_CALL_FUNCTION_EX) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(INSTRUMENTED_CALL_FUNCTION_EX);
            GO_TO_INSTRUCTION(CALL_FUNCTION_EX);
        }

        TARGET(INSTRUMENTED_CALL_KW) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(INSTRUMENTED_CALL_KW);
            int is_meth = PEEK(oparg + 2) != NULL;
            int total_args = oparg + is_meth;
            PyObject *function = PEEK(oparg + 3);
            PyObject *arg = total_args == 0 ? &_PyInstrumentation_MISSING
        : PEEK(total_args + 1);
            int err = _Py_call_instrumentation_2args(
                tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_CALL,
                frame, this_instr, function, arg);
            if (err) goto error;
            GO_TO_INSTRUCTION(CALL_KW);
        }

        TARGET(INSTRUMENTED_END_FOR) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(INSTRUMENTED_END_FOR);
            PyObject *value;
            PyObject *receiver;
            value = stack_pointer[-1];
            receiver = stack_pointer[-2];
            TIER_ONE_ONLY
            /* Need to create a fake StopIteration error here,
             * to conform to PEP 380 */
            if (PyGen_Check(receiver)) {
                PyErr_SetObject(PyExc_StopIteration, value);
                if (monitor_stop_iteration(tstate, frame, this_instr)) {
                    GOTO_ERROR(error);
                }
                PyErr_SetRaisedException(NULL);
            }
            Py_DECREF(receiver);
            Py_DECREF(value);
            stack_pointer += -2;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(INSTRUMENTED_END_SEND) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(INSTRUMENTED_END_SEND);
            PyObject *value;
            PyObject *receiver;
            value = stack_pointer[-1];
            receiver = stack_pointer[-2];
            TIER_ONE_ONLY
            if (PyGen_Check(receiver) || PyCoro_CheckExact(receiver)) {
                PyErr_SetObject(PyExc_StopIteration, value);
                if (monitor_stop_iteration(tstate, frame, this_instr)) {
                    GOTO_ERROR(error);
                }
                PyErr_SetRaisedException(NULL);
            }
            Py_DECREF(receiver);
            stack_pointer[-2] = value;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(INSTRUMENTED_FOR_ITER) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(INSTRUMENTED_FOR_ITER);
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            _Py_CODEUNIT *target;
            PyObject *iter = TOP();
            PyObject *next = (*Py_TYPE(iter)->tp_iternext)(iter);
            if (next != NULL) {
                PUSH(next);
                target = next_instr;
            }
            else {
                if (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
                    if (!_PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_StopIteration)) {
                        GOTO_ERROR(error);
                    }
                    monitor_raise(tstate, frame, this_instr);
                    _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
                }
                /* iterator ended normally */
                assert(next_instr[oparg].op.code == END_FOR ||
                       next_instr[oparg].op.code == INSTRUMENTED_END_FOR);
                STACK_SHRINK(1);
                Py_DECREF(iter);
                /* Skip END_FOR */
                target = next_instr + oparg + 1;
            }
            INSTRUMENTED_JUMP(this_instr, target, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_BRANCH);
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(INSTRUMENTED_INSTRUCTION) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(INSTRUMENTED_INSTRUCTION);
            int next_opcode = _Py_call_instrumentation_instruction(
                tstate, frame, this_instr);
            if (next_opcode < 0) goto error;
            next_instr = this_instr;
            if (_PyOpcode_Caches[next_opcode]) {
                INCREMENT_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].cache);
            }
            assert(next_opcode > 0 && next_opcode < 256);
            opcode = next_opcode;
            DISPATCH_GOTO();
        }

        TARGET(INSTRUMENTED_JUMP_BACKWARD) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(INSTRUMENTED_JUMP_BACKWARD);
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
            INSTRUMENTED_JUMP(this_instr, next_instr - oparg, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_JUMP);
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(INSTRUMENTED_JUMP_FORWARD) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(INSTRUMENTED_JUMP_FORWARD);
            INSTRUMENTED_JUMP(this_instr, next_instr + oparg, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_JUMP);
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(INSTRUMENTED_LOAD_SUPER_ATTR) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(INSTRUMENTED_LOAD_SUPER_ATTR);
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // cancel out the decrement that will happen in LOAD_SUPER_ATTR; we
            // don't want to specialize instrumented instructions
            INCREMENT_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].cache);
            GO_TO_INSTRUCTION(LOAD_SUPER_ATTR);
        }

        TARGET(INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE);
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            PyObject *cond = POP();
            assert(PyBool_Check(cond));
            int flag = Py_IsFalse(cond);
            int offset = flag * oparg;
            #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
            this_instr[1].cache = (this_instr[1].cache << 1) | flag;
            #endif
            INSTRUMENTED_JUMP(this_instr, next_instr + offset, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_BRANCH);
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_NONE) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_NONE);
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            PyObject *value = POP();
            int flag = Py_IsNone(value);
            int offset;
            if (flag) {
                offset = oparg;
            }
            else {
                Py_DECREF(value);
                offset = 0;
            }
            #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
            this_instr[1].cache = (this_instr[1].cache << 1) | flag;
            #endif
            INSTRUMENTED_JUMP(this_instr, next_instr + offset, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_BRANCH);
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_NOT_NONE) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_NOT_NONE);
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            PyObject *value = POP();
            int offset;
            int nflag = Py_IsNone(value);
            if (nflag) {
                offset = 0;
            }
            else {
                Py_DECREF(value);
                offset = oparg;
            }
            #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
            this_instr[1].cache = (this_instr[1].cache << 1) | !nflag;
            #endif
            INSTRUMENTED_JUMP(this_instr, next_instr + offset, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_BRANCH);
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE);
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            PyObject *cond = POP();
            assert(PyBool_Check(cond));
            int flag = Py_IsTrue(cond);
            int offset = flag * oparg;
            #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
            this_instr[1].cache = (this_instr[1].cache << 1) | flag;
            #endif
            INSTRUMENTED_JUMP(this_instr, next_instr + offset, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_BRANCH);
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(INSTRUMENTED_RESUME) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(INSTRUMENTED_RESUME);
            uintptr_t global_version = _Py_atomic_load_uintptr_relaxed(&tstate->interp->ceval.eval_breaker) & ~_PY_EVAL_EVENTS_MASK;
            uintptr_t code_version = _PyFrame_GetCode(frame)->_co_instrumentation_version;
            if (code_version != global_version) {
                if (_Py_Instrument(_PyFrame_GetCode(frame), tstate->interp)) {
                    GOTO_ERROR(error);
                }
                next_instr = this_instr;
            }
            else {
                if ((oparg & RESUME_OPARG_LOCATION_MASK) < RESUME_AFTER_YIELD_FROM) {
                    CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
                }
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                int err = _Py_call_instrumentation(
                    tstate, oparg > 0, frame, this_instr);
                stack_pointer = _PyFrame_GetStackPointer(frame);
                if (err) goto error;
                if (frame->instr_ptr != this_instr) {
                    /* Instrumentation has jumped */
                    next_instr = this_instr;
                    DISPATCH();
                }
            }
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(INSTRUMENTED_RETURN_CONST) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(INSTRUMENTED_RETURN_CONST);
            PyObject *retval = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_CONSTS, oparg);
            int err = _Py_call_instrumentation_arg(
                tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_PY_RETURN,
                frame, this_instr, retval);
            if (err) GOTO_ERROR(error);
            Py_INCREF(retval);
            assert(EMPTY());
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallPy(tstate);
            assert(frame != &entry_frame);
            // GH-99729: We need to unlink the frame *before* clearing it:
            _PyInterpreterFrame *dying = frame;
            frame = tstate->current_frame = dying->previous;
            _PyEval_FrameClearAndPop(tstate, dying);
            _PyFrame_StackPush(frame, retval);
            LOAD_IP(frame->return_offset);
            goto resume_frame;
        }

        TARGET(INSTRUMENTED_RETURN_VALUE) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(INSTRUMENTED_RETURN_VALUE);
            PyObject *retval;
            retval = stack_pointer[-1];
            int err = _Py_call_instrumentation_arg(
                tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_PY_RETURN,
                frame, this_instr, retval);
            if (err) GOTO_ERROR(error);
            STACK_SHRINK(1);
            assert(EMPTY());
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallPy(tstate);
            assert(frame != &entry_frame);
            // GH-99729: We need to unlink the frame *before* clearing it:
            _PyInterpreterFrame *dying = frame;
            frame = tstate->current_frame = dying->previous;
            _PyEval_FrameClearAndPop(tstate, dying);
            _PyFrame_StackPush(frame, retval);
            LOAD_IP(frame->return_offset);
            goto resume_frame;
        }

        TARGET(INSTRUMENTED_YIELD_VALUE) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(INSTRUMENTED_YIELD_VALUE);
            PyObject *retval;
            retval = stack_pointer[-1];
            assert(frame != &entry_frame);
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            PyGenObject *gen = _PyFrame_GetGenerator(frame);
            assert(FRAME_SUSPENDED_YIELD_FROM == FRAME_SUSPENDED + 1);
            assert(oparg == 0 || oparg == 1);
            gen->gi_frame_state = FRAME_SUSPENDED + oparg;
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer - 1);
            int err = _Py_call_instrumentation_arg(
                tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_PY_YIELD,
                frame, this_instr, retval);
            if (err) GOTO_ERROR(error);
            tstate->exc_info = gen->gi_exc_state.previous_item;
            gen->gi_exc_state.previous_item = NULL;
            _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallPy(tstate);
            _PyInterpreterFrame *gen_frame = frame;
            frame = tstate->current_frame = frame->previous;
            gen_frame->previous = NULL;
            _PyFrame_StackPush(frame, retval);
            /* We don't know which of these is relevant here, so keep them equal */
            assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_SEND == INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_FOR_ITER);
            LOAD_IP(1 + INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_SEND);
            goto resume_frame;
        }

        TARGET(INTERPRETER_EXIT) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(INTERPRETER_EXIT);
            PyObject *retval;
            retval = stack_pointer[-1];
            TIER_ONE_ONLY
            assert(frame == &entry_frame);
            assert(_PyFrame_IsIncomplete(frame));
            /* Restore previous frame and return. */
            tstate->current_frame = frame->previous;
            assert(!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate));
            tstate->c_recursion_remaining += PY_EVAL_C_STACK_UNITS;
            return retval;
        }

        TARGET(IS_OP) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(IS_OP);
            PyObject *right;
            PyObject *left;
            PyObject *b;
            right = stack_pointer[-1];
            left = stack_pointer[-2];
            int res = Py_Is(left, right) ^ oparg;
            Py_DECREF(left);
            Py_DECREF(right);
            b = res ? Py_True : Py_False;
            stack_pointer[-2] = b;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(JUMP_BACKWARD) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(JUMP_BACKWARD);
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
            assert(oparg <= INSTR_OFFSET());
            JUMPBY(-oparg);
            #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
            this_instr[1].cache += (1 << OPTIMIZER_BITS_IN_COUNTER);
            /* We are using unsigned values, but we really want signed values, so
             * do the 2s complement comparison manually */
            uint16_t ucounter = this_instr[1].cache + (1 << 15);
            uint16_t threshold = tstate->interp->optimizer_backedge_threshold + (1 << 15);
            // Double-check that the opcode isn't instrumented or something:
            if (ucounter > threshold && this_instr->op.code == JUMP_BACKWARD) {
                OPT_STAT_INC(attempts);
                _Py_CODEUNIT *start = this_instr;
                /* Back up over EXTENDED_ARGs so optimizer sees the whole instruction */
                while (oparg > 255) {
                    oparg >>= 8;
                    start--;
                }
                int optimized = _PyOptimizer_Optimize(frame, start, stack_pointer);
                if (optimized < 0) goto error;
                if (optimized) {
                    // Rewind and enter the executor:
                    assert(start->op.code == ENTER_EXECUTOR);
                    next_instr = start;
                    this_instr[1].cache &= ((1 << OPTIMIZER_BITS_IN_COUNTER) - 1);
                }
                else {
                    int backoff = this_instr[1].cache & ((1 << OPTIMIZER_BITS_IN_COUNTER) - 1);
                    if (backoff < MINIMUM_TIER2_BACKOFF) {
                        backoff = MINIMUM_TIER2_BACKOFF;
                    }
                    else if (backoff < 15 - OPTIMIZER_BITS_IN_COUNTER) {
                        backoff++;
                    }
                    assert(backoff <= 15 - OPTIMIZER_BITS_IN_COUNTER);
                    this_instr[1].cache = ((1 << 16) - ((1 << OPTIMIZER_BITS_IN_COUNTER) << backoff)) | backoff;
                }
            }
            #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(JUMP_BACKWARD_NO_INTERRUPT) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(JUMP_BACKWARD_NO_INTERRUPT);
            TIER_ONE_ONLY
            /* This bytecode is used in the `yield from` or `await` loop.
             * If there is an interrupt, we want it handled in the innermost
             * generator or coroutine, so we deliberately do not check it here.
             * (see bpo-30039).
             */
            JUMPBY(-oparg);
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(JUMP_FORWARD) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(JUMP_FORWARD);
            TIER_ONE_ONLY
            JUMPBY(oparg);
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(LIST_APPEND) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LIST_APPEND);
            PyObject *v;
            PyObject *list;
            v = stack_pointer[-1];
            list = stack_pointer[-2 - (oparg-1)];
            if (_PyList_AppendTakeRef((PyListObject *)list, v) < 0) goto pop_1_error;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(LIST_EXTEND) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LIST_EXTEND);
            PyObject *iterable;
            PyObject *list;
            iterable = stack_pointer[-1];
            list = stack_pointer[-2 - (oparg-1)];
            PyObject *none_val = _PyList_Extend((PyListObject *)list, iterable);
            if (none_val == NULL) {
                if (_PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_TypeError) &&
                    (Py_TYPE(iterable)->tp_iter == NULL && !PySequence_Check(iterable)))
                {
                    _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
                    _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                                  "Value after * must be an iterable, not %.200s",
                                  Py_TYPE(iterable)->tp_name);
                }
                Py_DECREF(iterable);
                if (true) goto pop_1_error;
            }
            assert(Py_IsNone(none_val));
            Py_DECREF(iterable);
            stack_pointer += -1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(LOAD_ASSERTION_ERROR) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_ASSERTION_ERROR);
            PyObject *value;
            value = Py_NewRef(PyExc_AssertionError);
            stack_pointer[0] = value;
            stack_pointer += 1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(LOAD_ATTR) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 10;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_ATTR);
            PREDICTED(LOAD_ATTR);
            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = next_instr - 10;
            PyObject *owner;
            PyObject *attr;
            PyObject *self_or_null = NULL;
            // _SPECIALIZE_LOAD_ATTR
            owner = stack_pointer[-1];
            {
                uint16_t counter = read_u16(&this_instr[1].cache);
                TIER_ONE_ONLY
                #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
                if (ADAPTIVE_COUNTER_IS_ZERO(counter)) {
                    PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg>>1);
                    next_instr = this_instr;
                    _Py_Specialize_LoadAttr(owner, next_instr, name);
                    DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
                }
                STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, deferred);
                DECREMENT_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].cache);
                #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
            }
            /* Skip 8 cache entries */
            // _LOAD_ATTR
            {
                PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg >> 1);
                if (oparg & 1) {
                    /* Designed to work in tandem with CALL, pushes two values. */
                    attr = NULL;
                    if (_PyObject_GetMethod(owner, name, &attr)) {
                        /* We can bypass temporary bound method object.
                           meth is unbound method and obj is self.
                           meth | self | arg1 | ... | argN
                         */
                        assert(attr != NULL);  // No errors on this branch
                        self_or_null = owner;  // Transfer ownership
                    }
                    else {
                        /* meth is not an unbound method (but a regular attr, or
                           something was returned by a descriptor protocol).  Set
                           the second element of the stack to NULL, to signal
                           CALL that it's not a method call.
                           NULL | meth | arg1 | ... | argN
                         */
                        Py_DECREF(owner);
                        if (attr == NULL) goto pop_1_error;
                        self_or_null = NULL;
                    }
                }
                else {
                    /* Classic, pushes one value. */
                    attr = PyObject_GetAttr(owner, name);
                    Py_DECREF(owner);
                    if (attr == NULL) goto pop_1_error;
                }
            }
            stack_pointer[-1] = attr;
            if (oparg & 1) stack_pointer[0] = self_or_null;
            stack_pointer += (oparg & 1);
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(LOAD_ATTR_CLASS) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 10;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_ATTR_CLASS);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_ATTR == 9, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject *owner;
            PyObject *attr;
            PyObject *null = NULL;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _CHECK_ATTR_CLASS
            owner = stack_pointer[-1];
            {
                uint32_t type_version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
                DEOPT_IF(!PyType_Check(owner), LOAD_ATTR);
                assert(type_version != 0);
                DEOPT_IF(((PyTypeObject *)owner)->tp_version_tag != type_version, LOAD_ATTR);
            }
            /* Skip 2 cache entries */
            // _LOAD_ATTR_CLASS
            {
                PyObject *descr = read_obj(&this_instr[6].cache);
                STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
                assert(descr != NULL);
                attr = Py_NewRef(descr);
                null = NULL;
                Py_DECREF(owner);
            }
            stack_pointer[-1] = attr;
            if (oparg & 1) stack_pointer[0] = null;
            stack_pointer += (oparg & 1);
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(LOAD_ATTR_GETATTRIBUTE_OVERRIDDEN) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 10;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_ATTR_GETATTRIBUTE_OVERRIDDEN);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_ATTR == 9, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject *owner;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            owner = stack_pointer[-1];
            uint32_t type_version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
            uint32_t func_version = read_u32(&this_instr[4].cache);
            PyObject *getattribute = read_obj(&this_instr[6].cache);
            assert((oparg & 1) == 0);
            DEOPT_IF(tstate->interp->eval_frame, LOAD_ATTR);
            PyTypeObject *cls = Py_TYPE(owner);
            assert(type_version != 0);
            DEOPT_IF(cls->tp_version_tag != type_version, LOAD_ATTR);
            assert(Py_IS_TYPE(getattribute, &PyFunction_Type));
            PyFunctionObject *f = (PyFunctionObject *)getattribute;
            assert(func_version != 0);
            DEOPT_IF(f->func_version != func_version, LOAD_ATTR);
            PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject *)f->func_code;
            assert(code->co_argcount == 2);
            DEOPT_IF(!_PyThreadState_HasStackSpace(tstate, code->co_framesize), LOAD_ATTR);
            STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
            PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg >> 1);
            Py_INCREF(f);
            _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame = _PyFrame_PushUnchecked(tstate, f, 2);
            // Manipulate stack directly because we exit with DISPATCH_INLINED().
            STACK_SHRINK(1);
            new_frame->localsplus[0] = owner;
            new_frame->localsplus[1] = Py_NewRef(name);
            frame->return_offset = (uint16_t)(next_instr - this_instr);
            DISPATCH_INLINED(new_frame);
        }

        TARGET(LOAD_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 10;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_ATTR == 9, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject *owner;
            PyObject *attr;
            PyObject *null = NULL;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _GUARD_TYPE_VERSION
            owner = stack_pointer[-1];
            {
                uint32_t type_version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
                PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(owner);
                assert(type_version != 0);
                DEOPT_IF(tp->tp_version_tag != type_version, LOAD_ATTR);
            }
            // _CHECK_MANAGED_OBJECT_HAS_VALUES
            {
                assert(Py_TYPE(owner)->tp_dictoffset < 0);
                assert(Py_TYPE(owner)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT);
                PyDictOrValues *dorv = _PyObject_DictOrValuesPointer(owner);
                DEOPT_IF(!_PyDictOrValues_IsValues(*dorv) && !_PyObject_MakeInstanceAttributesFromDict(owner, dorv), LOAD_ATTR);
            }
            // _LOAD_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE
            {
                uint16_t index = read_u16(&this_instr[4].cache);
                PyDictOrValues dorv = *_PyObject_DictOrValuesPointer(owner);
                attr = _PyDictOrValues_GetValues(dorv)->values[index];
                DEOPT_IF(attr == NULL, LOAD_ATTR);
                STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
                Py_INCREF(attr);
                null = NULL;
                Py_DECREF(owner);
            }
            /* Skip 5 cache entries */
            stack_pointer[-1] = attr;
            if (oparg & 1) stack_pointer[0] = null;
            stack_pointer += (oparg & 1);
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_LAZY_DICT) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 10;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_LAZY_DICT);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_ATTR == 9, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject *owner;
            PyObject *attr;
            PyObject *self = NULL;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _GUARD_TYPE_VERSION
            owner = stack_pointer[-1];
            {
                uint32_t type_version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
                PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(owner);
                assert(type_version != 0);
                DEOPT_IF(tp->tp_version_tag != type_version, LOAD_ATTR);
            }
            // _CHECK_ATTR_METHOD_LAZY_DICT
            {
                Py_ssize_t dictoffset = Py_TYPE(owner)->tp_dictoffset;
                assert(dictoffset > 0);
                PyObject *dict = *(PyObject **)((char *)owner + dictoffset);
                /* This object has a __dict__, just not yet created */
                DEOPT_IF(dict != NULL, LOAD_ATTR);
            }
            /* Skip 2 cache entries */
            // _LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_LAZY_DICT
            {
                PyObject *descr = read_obj(&this_instr[6].cache);
                assert(oparg & 1);
                STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
                assert(descr != NULL);
                assert(_PyType_HasFeature(Py_TYPE(descr), Py_TPFLAGS_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR));
                attr = Py_NewRef(descr);
                self = owner;
            }
            stack_pointer[-1] = attr;
            if (1) stack_pointer[0] = self;
            stack_pointer += ((1) ? 1 : 0);
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_NO_DICT) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 10;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_NO_DICT);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_ATTR == 9, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject *owner;
            PyObject *attr;
            PyObject *self = NULL;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _GUARD_TYPE_VERSION
            owner = stack_pointer[-1];
            {
                uint32_t type_version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
                PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(owner);
                assert(type_version != 0);
                DEOPT_IF(tp->tp_version_tag != type_version, LOAD_ATTR);
            }
            /* Skip 2 cache entries */
            // _LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_NO_DICT
            {
                PyObject *descr = read_obj(&this_instr[6].cache);
                assert(oparg & 1);
                assert(Py_TYPE(owner)->tp_dictoffset == 0);
                STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
                assert(descr != NULL);
                assert(_PyType_HasFeature(Py_TYPE(descr), Py_TPFLAGS_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR));
                attr = Py_NewRef(descr);
                self = owner;
            }
            stack_pointer[-1] = attr;
            if (1) stack_pointer[0] = self;
            stack_pointer += ((1) ? 1 : 0);
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_WITH_VALUES) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 10;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_WITH_VALUES);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_ATTR == 9, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject *owner;
            PyObject *attr;
            PyObject *self = NULL;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _GUARD_TYPE_VERSION
            owner = stack_pointer[-1];
            {
                uint32_t type_version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
                PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(owner);
                assert(type_version != 0);
                DEOPT_IF(tp->tp_version_tag != type_version, LOAD_ATTR);
            }
            // _GUARD_DORV_VALUES_INST_ATTR_FROM_DICT
            {
                assert(Py_TYPE(owner)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT);
                PyDictOrValues *dorv = _PyObject_DictOrValuesPointer(owner);
                DEOPT_IF(!_PyDictOrValues_IsValues(*dorv) && !_PyObject_MakeInstanceAttributesFromDict(owner, dorv), LOAD_ATTR);
            }
            // _GUARD_KEYS_VERSION
            {
                uint32_t keys_version = read_u32(&this_instr[4].cache);
                PyTypeObject *owner_cls = Py_TYPE(owner);
                PyHeapTypeObject *owner_heap_type = (PyHeapTypeObject *)owner_cls;
                DEOPT_IF(owner_heap_type->ht_cached_keys->dk_version != keys_version, LOAD_ATTR);
            }
            // _LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_WITH_VALUES
            {
                PyObject *descr = read_obj(&this_instr[6].cache);
                assert(oparg & 1);
                /* Cached method object */
                STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
                assert(descr != NULL);
                attr = Py_NewRef(descr);
                assert(_PyType_HasFeature(Py_TYPE(attr), Py_TPFLAGS_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR));
                self = owner;
            }
            stack_pointer[-1] = attr;
            if (1) stack_pointer[0] = self;
            stack_pointer += ((1) ? 1 : 0);
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(LOAD_ATTR_MODULE) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 10;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_ATTR_MODULE);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_ATTR == 9, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject *owner;
            PyObject *attr;
            PyObject *null = NULL;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _CHECK_ATTR_MODULE
            owner = stack_pointer[-1];
            {
                uint32_t type_version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
                DEOPT_IF(!PyModule_CheckExact(owner), LOAD_ATTR);
                PyDictObject *dict = (PyDictObject *)((PyModuleObject *)owner)->md_dict;
                assert(dict != NULL);
                DEOPT_IF(dict->ma_keys->dk_version != type_version, LOAD_ATTR);
            }
            // _LOAD_ATTR_MODULE
            {
                uint16_t index = read_u16(&this_instr[4].cache);
                PyDictObject *dict = (PyDictObject *)((PyModuleObject *)owner)->md_dict;
                assert(dict->ma_keys->dk_kind == DICT_KEYS_UNICODE);
                assert(index < dict->ma_keys->dk_nentries);
                PyDictUnicodeEntry *ep = DK_UNICODE_ENTRIES(dict->ma_keys) + index;
                attr = ep->me_value;
                DEOPT_IF(attr == NULL, LOAD_ATTR);
                STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
                Py_INCREF(attr);
                null = NULL;
                Py_DECREF(owner);
            }
            /* Skip 5 cache entries */
            stack_pointer[-1] = attr;
            if (oparg & 1) stack_pointer[0] = null;
            stack_pointer += (oparg & 1);
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(LOAD_ATTR_NONDESCRIPTOR_NO_DICT) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 10;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_ATTR_NONDESCRIPTOR_NO_DICT);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_ATTR == 9, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject *owner;
            PyObject *attr;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _GUARD_TYPE_VERSION
            owner = stack_pointer[-1];
            {
                uint32_t type_version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
                PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(owner);
                assert(type_version != 0);
                DEOPT_IF(tp->tp_version_tag != type_version, LOAD_ATTR);
            }
            /* Skip 2 cache entries */
            // _LOAD_ATTR_NONDESCRIPTOR_NO_DICT
            {
                PyObject *descr = read_obj(&this_instr[6].cache);
                assert((oparg & 1) == 0);
                assert(Py_TYPE(owner)->tp_dictoffset == 0);
                STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
                assert(descr != NULL);
                Py_DECREF(owner);
                attr = Py_NewRef(descr);
            }
            stack_pointer[-1] = attr;
            stack_pointer += ((0) ? 1 : 0);
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(LOAD_ATTR_NONDESCRIPTOR_WITH_VALUES) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 10;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_ATTR_NONDESCRIPTOR_WITH_VALUES);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_ATTR == 9, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject *owner;
            PyObject *attr;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _GUARD_TYPE_VERSION
            owner = stack_pointer[-1];
            {
                uint32_t type_version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
                PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(owner);
                assert(type_version != 0);
                DEOPT_IF(tp->tp_version_tag != type_version, LOAD_ATTR);
            }
            // _GUARD_DORV_VALUES_INST_ATTR_FROM_DICT
            {
                assert(Py_TYPE(owner)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT);
                PyDictOrValues *dorv = _PyObject_DictOrValuesPointer(owner);
                DEOPT_IF(!_PyDictOrValues_IsValues(*dorv) && !_PyObject_MakeInstanceAttributesFromDict(owner, dorv), LOAD_ATTR);
            }
            // _GUARD_KEYS_VERSION
            {
                uint32_t keys_version = read_u32(&this_instr[4].cache);
                PyTypeObject *owner_cls = Py_TYPE(owner);
                PyHeapTypeObject *owner_heap_type = (PyHeapTypeObject *)owner_cls;
                DEOPT_IF(owner_heap_type->ht_cached_keys->dk_version != keys_version, LOAD_ATTR);
            }
            // _LOAD_ATTR_NONDESCRIPTOR_WITH_VALUES
            {
                PyObject *descr = read_obj(&this_instr[6].cache);
                assert((oparg & 1) == 0);
                STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
                assert(descr != NULL);
                Py_DECREF(owner);
                attr = Py_NewRef(descr);
            }
            stack_pointer[-1] = attr;
            stack_pointer += ((0) ? 1 : 0);
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(LOAD_ATTR_PROPERTY) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 10;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_ATTR_PROPERTY);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_ATTR == 9, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject *owner;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            owner = stack_pointer[-1];
            uint32_t type_version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
            uint32_t func_version = read_u32(&this_instr[4].cache);
            PyObject *fget = read_obj(&this_instr[6].cache);
            assert((oparg & 1) == 0);
            DEOPT_IF(tstate->interp->eval_frame, LOAD_ATTR);
            PyTypeObject *cls = Py_TYPE(owner);
            assert(type_version != 0);
            DEOPT_IF(cls->tp_version_tag != type_version, LOAD_ATTR);
            assert(Py_IS_TYPE(fget, &PyFunction_Type));
            PyFunctionObject *f = (PyFunctionObject *)fget;
            assert(func_version != 0);
            DEOPT_IF(f->func_version != func_version, LOAD_ATTR);
            PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject *)f->func_code;
            assert(code->co_argcount == 1);
            DEOPT_IF(!_PyThreadState_HasStackSpace(tstate, code->co_framesize), LOAD_ATTR);
            STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
            Py_INCREF(fget);
            _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame = _PyFrame_PushUnchecked(tstate, f, 1);
            // Manipulate stack directly because we exit with DISPATCH_INLINED().
            STACK_SHRINK(1);
            new_frame->localsplus[0] = owner;
            frame->return_offset = (uint16_t)(next_instr - this_instr);
            DISPATCH_INLINED(new_frame);
        }

        TARGET(LOAD_ATTR_SLOT) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 10;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_ATTR_SLOT);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_ATTR == 9, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject *owner;
            PyObject *attr;
            PyObject *null = NULL;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _GUARD_TYPE_VERSION
            owner = stack_pointer[-1];
            {
                uint32_t type_version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
                PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(owner);
                assert(type_version != 0);
                DEOPT_IF(tp->tp_version_tag != type_version, LOAD_ATTR);
            }
            // _LOAD_ATTR_SLOT
            {
                uint16_t index = read_u16(&this_instr[4].cache);
                char *addr = (char *)owner + index;
                attr = *(PyObject **)addr;
                DEOPT_IF(attr == NULL, LOAD_ATTR);
                STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
                Py_INCREF(attr);
                null = NULL;
                Py_DECREF(owner);
            }
            /* Skip 5 cache entries */
            stack_pointer[-1] = attr;
            if (oparg & 1) stack_pointer[0] = null;
            stack_pointer += (oparg & 1);
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(LOAD_ATTR_WITH_HINT) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 10;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_ATTR_WITH_HINT);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_ATTR == 9, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject *owner;
            PyObject *attr;
            PyObject *null = NULL;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _GUARD_TYPE_VERSION
            owner = stack_pointer[-1];
            {
                uint32_t type_version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
                PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(owner);
                assert(type_version != 0);
                DEOPT_IF(tp->tp_version_tag != type_version, LOAD_ATTR);
            }
            // _CHECK_ATTR_WITH_HINT
            {
                assert(Py_TYPE(owner)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT);
                PyDictOrValues dorv = *_PyObject_DictOrValuesPointer(owner);
                DEOPT_IF(_PyDictOrValues_IsValues(dorv), LOAD_ATTR);
                PyDictObject *dict = (PyDictObject *)_PyDictOrValues_GetDict(dorv);
                DEOPT_IF(dict == NULL, LOAD_ATTR);
                assert(PyDict_CheckExact((PyObject *)dict));
            }
            // _LOAD_ATTR_WITH_HINT
            {
                uint16_t hint = read_u16(&this_instr[4].cache);
                PyDictOrValues dorv = *_PyObject_DictOrValuesPointer(owner);
                PyDictObject *dict = (PyDictObject *)_PyDictOrValues_GetDict(dorv);
                DEOPT_IF(hint >= (size_t)dict->ma_keys->dk_nentries, LOAD_ATTR);
                PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg>>1);
                if (DK_IS_UNICODE(dict->ma_keys)) {
                    PyDictUnicodeEntry *ep = DK_UNICODE_ENTRIES(dict->ma_keys) + hint;
                    DEOPT_IF(ep->me_key != name, LOAD_ATTR);
                    attr = ep->me_value;
                }
                else {
                    PyDictKeyEntry *ep = DK_ENTRIES(dict->ma_keys) + hint;
                    DEOPT_IF(ep->me_key != name, LOAD_ATTR);
                    attr = ep->me_value;
                }
                DEOPT_IF(attr == NULL, LOAD_ATTR);
                STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
                Py_INCREF(attr);
                null = NULL;
                Py_DECREF(owner);
            }
            /* Skip 5 cache entries */
            stack_pointer[-1] = attr;
            if (oparg & 1) stack_pointer[0] = null;
            stack_pointer += (oparg & 1);
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(LOAD_BUILD_CLASS) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_BUILD_CLASS);
            PyObject *bc;
            if (PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(BUILTINS(), &_Py_ID(__build_class__), &bc) < 0) goto error;
            if (bc == NULL) {
                _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_NameError,
                                 "__build_class__ not found");
                if (true) goto error;
            }
            stack_pointer[0] = bc;
            stack_pointer += 1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(LOAD_CONST) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_CONST);
            PyObject *value;
            value = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_CONSTS, oparg);
            Py_INCREF(value);
            stack_pointer[0] = value;
            stack_pointer += 1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(LOAD_DEREF) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_DEREF);
            PyObject *value;
            PyObject *cell = GETLOCAL(oparg);
            value = PyCell_GET(cell);
            if (value == NULL) {
                _PyEval_FormatExcUnbound(tstate, _PyFrame_GetCode(frame), oparg);
                if (true) goto error;
            }
            Py_INCREF(value);
            stack_pointer[0] = value;
            stack_pointer += 1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(LOAD_FAST) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_FAST);
            PyObject *value;
            value = GETLOCAL(oparg);
            assert(value != NULL);
            Py_INCREF(value);
            stack_pointer[0] = value;
            stack_pointer += 1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(LOAD_FAST_AND_CLEAR) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_FAST_AND_CLEAR);
            PyObject *value;
            value = GETLOCAL(oparg);
            // do not use SETLOCAL here, it decrefs the old value
            GETLOCAL(oparg) = NULL;
            stack_pointer[0] = value;
            stack_pointer += 1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(LOAD_FAST_CHECK) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_FAST_CHECK);
            PyObject *value;
            value = GETLOCAL(oparg);
            if (value == NULL) goto unbound_local_error;
            Py_INCREF(value);
            stack_pointer[0] = value;
            stack_pointer += 1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(LOAD_FAST_LOAD_FAST) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_FAST_LOAD_FAST);
            PyObject *value1;
            PyObject *value2;
            uint32_t oparg1 = oparg >> 4;
            uint32_t oparg2 = oparg & 15;
            value1 = GETLOCAL(oparg1);
            value2 = GETLOCAL(oparg2);
            Py_INCREF(value1);
            Py_INCREF(value2);
            stack_pointer[0] = value1;
            stack_pointer[1] = value2;
            stack_pointer += 2;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(LOAD_FROM_DICT_OR_DEREF) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_FROM_DICT_OR_DEREF);
            PyObject *class_dict;
            PyObject *value;
            class_dict = stack_pointer[-1];
            PyObject *name;
            assert(class_dict);
            assert(oparg >= 0 && oparg < _PyFrame_GetCode(frame)->co_nlocalsplus);
            name = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(_PyFrame_GetCode(frame)->co_localsplusnames, oparg);
            if (PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(class_dict, name, &value) < 0) {
                GOTO_ERROR(error);
            }
            if (!value) {
                PyObject *cell = GETLOCAL(oparg);
                value = PyCell_GET(cell);
                if (value == NULL) {
                    _PyEval_FormatExcUnbound(tstate, _PyFrame_GetCode(frame), oparg);
                    GOTO_ERROR(error);
                }
                Py_INCREF(value);
            }
            Py_DECREF(class_dict);
            stack_pointer[-1] = value;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(LOAD_FROM_DICT_OR_GLOBALS) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_FROM_DICT_OR_GLOBALS);
            PyObject *mod_or_class_dict;
            PyObject *v;
            mod_or_class_dict = stack_pointer[-1];
            PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg);
            if (PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(mod_or_class_dict, name, &v) < 0) {
                GOTO_ERROR(error);
            }
            if (v == NULL) {
                if (PyDict_GetItemRef(GLOBALS(), name, &v) < 0) {
                    GOTO_ERROR(error);
                }
                if (v == NULL) {
                    if (PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(BUILTINS(), name, &v) < 0) {
                        GOTO_ERROR(error);
                    }
                    if (v == NULL) {
                        _PyEval_FormatExcCheckArg(
                            tstate, PyExc_NameError,
                            NAME_ERROR_MSG, name);
                        GOTO_ERROR(error);
                    }
                }
            }
            Py_DECREF(mod_or_class_dict);
            stack_pointer[-1] = v;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(LOAD_GLOBAL) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 5;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_GLOBAL);
            PREDICTED(LOAD_GLOBAL);
            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = next_instr - 5;
            PyObject *res;
            PyObject *null = NULL;
            // _SPECIALIZE_LOAD_GLOBAL
            {
                uint16_t counter = read_u16(&this_instr[1].cache);
                TIER_ONE_ONLY
                #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
                if (ADAPTIVE_COUNTER_IS_ZERO(counter)) {
                    PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg>>1);
                    next_instr = this_instr;
                    _Py_Specialize_LoadGlobal(GLOBALS(), BUILTINS(), next_instr, name);
                    DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
                }
                STAT_INC(LOAD_GLOBAL, deferred);
                DECREMENT_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].cache);
                #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
            }
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _LOAD_GLOBAL
            {
                PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg>>1);
                if (PyDict_CheckExact(GLOBALS())
                    && PyDict_CheckExact(BUILTINS()))
                {
                    res = _PyDict_LoadGlobal((PyDictObject *)GLOBALS(),
                        (PyDictObject *)BUILTINS(),
                        name);
                    if (res == NULL) {
                        if (!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
                            /* _PyDict_LoadGlobal() returns NULL without raising
                             * an exception if the key doesn't exist */
                            _PyEval_FormatExcCheckArg(tstate, PyExc_NameError,
                                NAME_ERROR_MSG, name);
                        }
                        if (true) goto error;
                    }
                    Py_INCREF(res);
                }
                else {
                    /* Slow-path if globals or builtins is not a dict */
                    /* namespace 1: globals */
                    if (PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(GLOBALS(), name, &res) < 0) goto error;
                    if (res == NULL) {
                        /* namespace 2: builtins */
                        if (PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(BUILTINS(), name, &res) < 0) goto error;
                        if (res == NULL) {
                            _PyEval_FormatExcCheckArg(
                                tstate, PyExc_NameError,
                                NAME_ERROR_MSG, name);
                            if (true) goto error;
                        }
                    }
                }
                null = NULL;
            }
            stack_pointer[0] = res;
            if (oparg & 1) stack_pointer[1] = null;
            stack_pointer += 1 + (oparg & 1);
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(LOAD_GLOBAL_BUILTIN) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 5;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_GLOBAL_BUILTIN);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_GLOBAL == 4, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject *res;
            PyObject *null = NULL;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _GUARD_GLOBALS_VERSION
            {
                uint16_t version = read_u16(&this_instr[2].cache);
                PyDictObject *dict = (PyDictObject *)GLOBALS();
                DEOPT_IF(!PyDict_CheckExact(dict), LOAD_GLOBAL);
                DEOPT_IF(dict->ma_keys->dk_version != version, LOAD_GLOBAL);
                assert(DK_IS_UNICODE(dict->ma_keys));
            }
            // _GUARD_BUILTINS_VERSION
            {
                uint16_t version = read_u16(&this_instr[3].cache);
                PyDictObject *dict = (PyDictObject *)BUILTINS();
                DEOPT_IF(!PyDict_CheckExact(dict), LOAD_GLOBAL);
                DEOPT_IF(dict->ma_keys->dk_version != version, LOAD_GLOBAL);
                assert(DK_IS_UNICODE(dict->ma_keys));
            }
            // _LOAD_GLOBAL_BUILTINS
            {
                uint16_t index = read_u16(&this_instr[4].cache);
                PyDictObject *bdict = (PyDictObject *)BUILTINS();
                PyDictUnicodeEntry *entries = DK_UNICODE_ENTRIES(bdict->ma_keys);
                res = entries[index].me_value;
                DEOPT_IF(res == NULL, LOAD_GLOBAL);
                Py_INCREF(res);
                STAT_INC(LOAD_GLOBAL, hit);
                null = NULL;
            }
            stack_pointer[0] = res;
            if (oparg & 1) stack_pointer[1] = null;
            stack_pointer += 1 + (oparg & 1);
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(LOAD_GLOBAL_MODULE) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 5;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_GLOBAL_MODULE);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_GLOBAL == 4, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject *res;
            PyObject *null = NULL;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _GUARD_GLOBALS_VERSION
            {
                uint16_t version = read_u16(&this_instr[2].cache);
                PyDictObject *dict = (PyDictObject *)GLOBALS();
                DEOPT_IF(!PyDict_CheckExact(dict), LOAD_GLOBAL);
                DEOPT_IF(dict->ma_keys->dk_version != version, LOAD_GLOBAL);
                assert(DK_IS_UNICODE(dict->ma_keys));
            }
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _LOAD_GLOBAL_MODULE
            {
                uint16_t index = read_u16(&this_instr[4].cache);
                PyDictObject *dict = (PyDictObject *)GLOBALS();
                PyDictUnicodeEntry *entries = DK_UNICODE_ENTRIES(dict->ma_keys);
                res = entries[index].me_value;
                DEOPT_IF(res == NULL, LOAD_GLOBAL);
                Py_INCREF(res);
                STAT_INC(LOAD_GLOBAL, hit);
                null = NULL;
            }
            stack_pointer[0] = res;
            if (oparg & 1) stack_pointer[1] = null;
            stack_pointer += 1 + (oparg & 1);
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(LOAD_LOCALS) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_LOCALS);
            PyObject *locals;
            locals = LOCALS();
            if (locals == NULL) {
                _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_SystemError,
                                 "no locals found");
                if (true) goto error;
            }
            Py_INCREF(locals);
            stack_pointer[0] = locals;
            stack_pointer += 1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(LOAD_NAME) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_NAME);
            PyObject *v;
            PyObject *mod_or_class_dict = LOCALS();
            if (mod_or_class_dict == NULL) {
                _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_SystemError,
                                 "no locals found");
                if (true) goto error;
            }
            PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg);
            if (PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(mod_or_class_dict, name, &v) < 0) {
                GOTO_ERROR(error);
            }
            if (v == NULL) {
                if (PyDict_GetItemRef(GLOBALS(), name, &v) < 0) {
                    GOTO_ERROR(error);
                }
                if (v == NULL) {
                    if (PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(BUILTINS(), name, &v) < 0) {
                        GOTO_ERROR(error);
                    }
                    if (v == NULL) {
                        _PyEval_FormatExcCheckArg(
                            tstate, PyExc_NameError,
                            NAME_ERROR_MSG, name);
                        GOTO_ERROR(error);
                    }
                }
            }
            stack_pointer[0] = v;
            stack_pointer += 1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(LOAD_SUPER_ATTR) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_SUPER_ATTR);
            PREDICTED(LOAD_SUPER_ATTR);
            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = next_instr - 2;
            PyObject *class;
            PyObject *global_super;
            PyObject *self;
            PyObject *attr;
            PyObject *null = NULL;
            // _SPECIALIZE_LOAD_SUPER_ATTR
            class = stack_pointer[-2];
            global_super = stack_pointer[-3];
            {
                uint16_t counter = read_u16(&this_instr[1].cache);
                TIER_ONE_ONLY
                #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
                int load_method = oparg & 1;
                if (ADAPTIVE_COUNTER_IS_ZERO(counter)) {
                    next_instr = this_instr;
                    _Py_Specialize_LoadSuperAttr(global_super, class, next_instr, load_method);
                    DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
                }
                STAT_INC(LOAD_SUPER_ATTR, deferred);
                DECREMENT_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].cache);
                #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
            }
            // _LOAD_SUPER_ATTR
            self = stack_pointer[-1];
            {
                TIER_ONE_ONLY
                if (opcode == INSTRUMENTED_LOAD_SUPER_ATTR) {
                    PyObject *arg = oparg & 2 ? class : &_PyInstrumentation_MISSING;
                    int err = _Py_call_instrumentation_2args(
                        tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_CALL,
                        frame, this_instr, global_super, arg);
                    if (err) goto pop_3_error;
                }
                // we make no attempt to optimize here; specializations should
                // handle any case whose performance we care about
                PyObject *stack[] = {class, self};
                PyObject *super = PyObject_Vectorcall(global_super, stack, oparg & 2, NULL);
                if (opcode == INSTRUMENTED_LOAD_SUPER_ATTR) {
                    PyObject *arg = oparg & 2 ? class : &_PyInstrumentation_MISSING;
                    if (super == NULL) {
                        _Py_call_instrumentation_exc2(
                            tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_C_RAISE,
                            frame, this_instr, global_super, arg);
                    }
                    else {
                        int err = _Py_call_instrumentation_2args(
                            tstate, PY_MONITORING_EVENT_C_RETURN,
                            frame, this_instr, global_super, arg);
                        if (err < 0) {
                            Py_CLEAR(super);
                        }
                    }
                }
                Py_DECREF(global_super);
                Py_DECREF(class);
                Py_DECREF(self);
                if (super == NULL) goto pop_3_error;
                PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg >> 2);
                attr = PyObject_GetAttr(super, name);
                Py_DECREF(super);
                if (attr == NULL) goto pop_3_error;
                null = NULL;
            }
            stack_pointer[-3] = attr;
            if (oparg & 1) stack_pointer[-2] = null;
            stack_pointer += -2 + (oparg & 1);
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(LOAD_SUPER_ATTR_ATTR) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_SUPER_ATTR_ATTR);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_SUPER_ATTR == 1, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject *self;
            PyObject *class;
            PyObject *global_super;
            PyObject *attr;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            self = stack_pointer[-1];
            class = stack_pointer[-2];
            global_super = stack_pointer[-3];
            assert(!(oparg & 1));
            DEOPT_IF(global_super != (PyObject *)&PySuper_Type, LOAD_SUPER_ATTR);
            DEOPT_IF(!PyType_Check(class), LOAD_SUPER_ATTR);
            STAT_INC(LOAD_SUPER_ATTR, hit);
            PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg >> 2);
            attr = _PySuper_Lookup((PyTypeObject *)class, self, name, NULL);
            Py_DECREF(global_super);
            Py_DECREF(class);
            Py_DECREF(self);
            if (attr == NULL) goto pop_3_error;
            stack_pointer[-3] = attr;
            stack_pointer += -2 + ((0) ? 1 : 0);
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(LOAD_SUPER_ATTR_METHOD) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(LOAD_SUPER_ATTR_METHOD);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_SUPER_ATTR == 1, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject *self;
            PyObject *class;
            PyObject *global_super;
            PyObject *attr;
            PyObject *self_or_null;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            self = stack_pointer[-1];
            class = stack_pointer[-2];
            global_super = stack_pointer[-3];
            assert(oparg & 1);
            DEOPT_IF(global_super != (PyObject *)&PySuper_Type, LOAD_SUPER_ATTR);
            DEOPT_IF(!PyType_Check(class), LOAD_SUPER_ATTR);
            STAT_INC(LOAD_SUPER_ATTR, hit);
            PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg >> 2);
            PyTypeObject *cls = (PyTypeObject *)class;
            int method_found = 0;
            attr = _PySuper_Lookup(cls, self, name,
                                   Py_TYPE(self)->tp_getattro == PyObject_GenericGetAttr ? &method_found : NULL);
            Py_DECREF(global_super);
            Py_DECREF(class);
            if (attr == NULL) {
                Py_DECREF(self);
                if (true) goto pop_3_error;
            }
            if (method_found) {
                self_or_null = self; // transfer ownership
            } else {
                Py_DECREF(self);
                self_or_null = NULL;
            }
            stack_pointer[-3] = attr;
            stack_pointer[-2] = self_or_null;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(MAKE_CELL) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(MAKE_CELL);
            // "initial" is probably NULL but not if it's an arg (or set
            // via PyFrame_LocalsToFast() before MAKE_CELL has run).
            PyObject *initial = GETLOCAL(oparg);
            PyObject *cell = PyCell_New(initial);
            if (cell == NULL) {
                GOTO_ERROR(error);
            }
            SETLOCAL(oparg, cell);
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(MAKE_FUNCTION) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(MAKE_FUNCTION);
            PyObject *codeobj;
            PyObject *func;
            codeobj = stack_pointer[-1];
            PyFunctionObject *func_obj = (PyFunctionObject *)
            PyFunction_New(codeobj, GLOBALS());
            Py_DECREF(codeobj);
            if (func_obj == NULL) {
                GOTO_ERROR(error);
            }
            _PyFunction_SetVersion(
                                   func_obj, ((PyCodeObject *)codeobj)->co_version);
            func = (PyObject *)func_obj;
            stack_pointer[-1] = func;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(MAP_ADD) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(MAP_ADD);
            PyObject *value;
            PyObject *key;
            PyObject *dict;
            value = stack_pointer[-1];
            key = stack_pointer[-2];
            dict = stack_pointer[-3 - (oparg - 1)];
            assert(PyDict_CheckExact(dict));
            /* dict[key] = value */
            // Do not DECREF INPUTS because the function steals the references
            if (_PyDict_SetItem_Take2((PyDictObject *)dict, key, value) != 0) goto pop_2_error;
            stack_pointer += -2;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(MATCH_CLASS) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(MATCH_CLASS);
            PyObject *names;
            PyObject *type;
            PyObject *subject;
            PyObject *attrs;
            names = stack_pointer[-1];
            type = stack_pointer[-2];
            subject = stack_pointer[-3];
            // Pop TOS and TOS1. Set TOS to a tuple of attributes on success, or
            // None on failure.
            assert(PyTuple_CheckExact(names));
            attrs = _PyEval_MatchClass(tstate, subject, type, oparg, names);
            Py_DECREF(subject);
            Py_DECREF(type);
            Py_DECREF(names);
            if (attrs) {
                assert(PyTuple_CheckExact(attrs));  // Success!
            }
            else {
                if (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) goto pop_3_error;
                // Error!
                attrs = Py_None;  // Failure!
            }
            stack_pointer[-3] = attrs;
            stack_pointer += -2;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(MATCH_KEYS) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(MATCH_KEYS);
            PyObject *keys;
            PyObject *subject;
            PyObject *values_or_none;
            keys = stack_pointer[-1];
            subject = stack_pointer[-2];
            // On successful match, PUSH(values). Otherwise, PUSH(None).
            values_or_none = _PyEval_MatchKeys(tstate, subject, keys);
            if (values_or_none == NULL) goto error;
            stack_pointer[0] = values_or_none;
            stack_pointer += 1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(MATCH_MAPPING) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(MATCH_MAPPING);
            PyObject *subject;
            PyObject *res;
            subject = stack_pointer[-1];
            int match = Py_TYPE(subject)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_MAPPING;
            res = match ? Py_True : Py_False;
            stack_pointer[0] = res;
            stack_pointer += 1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(MATCH_SEQUENCE) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(MATCH_SEQUENCE);
            PyObject *subject;
            PyObject *res;
            subject = stack_pointer[-1];
            int match = Py_TYPE(subject)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_SEQUENCE;
            res = match ? Py_True : Py_False;
            stack_pointer[0] = res;
            stack_pointer += 1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(NOP) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(NOP);
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(POP_EXCEPT) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(POP_EXCEPT);
            PyObject *exc_value;
            exc_value = stack_pointer[-1];
            _PyErr_StackItem *exc_info = tstate->exc_info;
            Py_XSETREF(exc_info->exc_value, exc_value == Py_None ? NULL : exc_value);
            stack_pointer += -1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE);
            PyObject *cond;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            cond = stack_pointer[-1];
            assert(PyBool_Check(cond));
            int flag = Py_IsFalse(cond);
            #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
            this_instr[1].cache = (this_instr[1].cache << 1) | flag;
            #endif
            JUMPBY(oparg * flag);
            stack_pointer += -1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(POP_JUMP_IF_NONE) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(POP_JUMP_IF_NONE);
            PyObject *value;
            PyObject *b;
            PyObject *cond;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _IS_NONE
            value = stack_pointer[-1];
            {
                if (Py_IsNone(value)) {
                    b = Py_True;
                }
                else {
                    b = Py_False;
                    Py_DECREF(value);
                }
            }
            // _POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE
            cond = b;
            {
                assert(PyBool_Check(cond));
                int flag = Py_IsTrue(cond);
                #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
                this_instr[1].cache = (this_instr[1].cache << 1) | flag;
                #endif
                JUMPBY(oparg * flag);
            }
            stack_pointer += -1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(POP_JUMP_IF_NOT_NONE) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(POP_JUMP_IF_NOT_NONE);
            PyObject *value;
            PyObject *b;
            PyObject *cond;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _IS_NONE
            value = stack_pointer[-1];
            {
                if (Py_IsNone(value)) {
                    b = Py_True;
                }
                else {
                    b = Py_False;
                    Py_DECREF(value);
                }
            }
            // _POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE
            cond = b;
            {
                assert(PyBool_Check(cond));
                int flag = Py_IsFalse(cond);
                #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
                this_instr[1].cache = (this_instr[1].cache << 1) | flag;
                #endif
                JUMPBY(oparg * flag);
            }
            stack_pointer += -1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE);
            PyObject *cond;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            cond = stack_pointer[-1];
            assert(PyBool_Check(cond));
            int flag = Py_IsTrue(cond);
            #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
            this_instr[1].cache = (this_instr[1].cache << 1) | flag;
            #endif
            JUMPBY(oparg * flag);
            stack_pointer += -1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(POP_TOP) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(POP_TOP);
            PyObject *value;
            value = stack_pointer[-1];
            Py_DECREF(value);
            stack_pointer += -1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(PUSH_EXC_INFO) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(PUSH_EXC_INFO);
            PyObject *new_exc;
            PyObject *prev_exc;
            new_exc = stack_pointer[-1];
            _PyErr_StackItem *exc_info = tstate->exc_info;
            if (exc_info->exc_value != NULL) {
                prev_exc = exc_info->exc_value;
            }
            else {
                prev_exc = Py_None;
            }
            assert(PyExceptionInstance_Check(new_exc));
            exc_info->exc_value = Py_NewRef(new_exc);
            stack_pointer[-1] = prev_exc;
            stack_pointer[0] = new_exc;
            stack_pointer += 1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(PUSH_NULL) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(PUSH_NULL);
            PyObject *res;
            res = NULL;
            stack_pointer[0] = res;
            stack_pointer += 1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(RAISE_VARARGS) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(RAISE_VARARGS);
            PyObject **args;
            args = &stack_pointer[-oparg];
            TIER_ONE_ONLY
            PyObject *cause = NULL, *exc = NULL;
            switch (oparg) {
                case 2:
                cause = args[1];
                /* fall through */
                case 1:
                exc = args[0];
                /* fall through */
                case 0:
                if (do_raise(tstate, exc, cause)) {
                    assert(oparg == 0);
                    monitor_reraise(tstate, frame, this_instr);
                    goto exception_unwind;
                }
                break;
                default:
                _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_SystemError,
                                 "bad RAISE_VARARGS oparg");
                break;
            }
            if (true) { stack_pointer += -oparg; goto error; }
        }

        TARGET(RERAISE) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(RERAISE);
            PyObject *exc;
            PyObject **values;
            exc = stack_pointer[-1];
            values = &stack_pointer[-1 - oparg];
            TIER_ONE_ONLY
            assert(oparg >= 0 && oparg <= 2);
            if (oparg) {
                PyObject *lasti = values[0];
                if (PyLong_Check(lasti)) {
                    frame->instr_ptr = _PyCode_CODE(_PyFrame_GetCode(frame)) + PyLong_AsLong(lasti);
                    assert(!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate));
                }
                else {
                    assert(PyLong_Check(lasti));
                    _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_SystemError, "lasti is not an int");
                    GOTO_ERROR(error);
                }
            }
            assert(exc && PyExceptionInstance_Check(exc));
            Py_INCREF(exc);
            _PyErr_SetRaisedException(tstate, exc);
            monitor_reraise(tstate, frame, this_instr);
            goto exception_unwind;
        }

        TARGET(RESERVED) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(RESERVED);
            TIER_ONE_ONLY
            assert(0 && "Executing RESERVED instruction.");
            Py_UNREACHABLE();
        }

        TARGET(RESUME) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(RESUME);
            PREDICTED(RESUME);
            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = next_instr - 1;
            TIER_ONE_ONLY
            assert(frame == tstate->current_frame);
            uintptr_t global_version =
            _Py_atomic_load_uintptr_relaxed(&tstate->interp->ceval.eval_breaker) &
            ~_PY_EVAL_EVENTS_MASK;
            uintptr_t code_version = _PyFrame_GetCode(frame)->_co_instrumentation_version;
            assert((code_version & 255) == 0);
            if (code_version != global_version) {
                int err = _Py_Instrument(_PyFrame_GetCode(frame), tstate->interp);
                if (err) goto error;
                next_instr = this_instr;
            }
            else {
                if ((oparg & RESUME_OPARG_LOCATION_MASK) < RESUME_AFTER_YIELD_FROM) {
                    CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
                }
                this_instr->op.code = RESUME_CHECK;
            }
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(RESUME_CHECK) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(RESUME_CHECK);
            static_assert(0 == 0, "incorrect cache size");
            #if defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__)
            DEOPT_IF(_Py_emscripten_signal_clock == 0, RESUME);
            _Py_emscripten_signal_clock -= Py_EMSCRIPTEN_SIGNAL_HANDLING;
            #endif
            uintptr_t eval_breaker = _Py_atomic_load_uintptr_relaxed(&tstate->interp->ceval.eval_breaker);
            uintptr_t version = _PyFrame_GetCode(frame)->_co_instrumentation_version;
            assert((version & _PY_EVAL_EVENTS_MASK) == 0);
            DEOPT_IF(eval_breaker != version, RESUME);
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(RETURN_CONST) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(RETURN_CONST);
            PyObject *value;
            PyObject *retval;
            // _LOAD_CONST
            {
                value = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_CONSTS, oparg);
                Py_INCREF(value);
            }
            // _POP_FRAME
            retval = value;
            {
                #if TIER_ONE
                assert(frame != &entry_frame);
                #endif
                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
                assert(EMPTY());
                _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallPy(tstate);
                // GH-99729: We need to unlink the frame *before* clearing it:
                _PyInterpreterFrame *dying = frame;
                frame = tstate->current_frame = dying->previous;
                _PyEval_FrameClearAndPop(tstate, dying);
                _PyFrame_StackPush(frame, retval);
                LOAD_SP();
                LOAD_IP(frame->return_offset);
                #if LLTRACE && TIER_ONE
                lltrace = maybe_lltrace_resume_frame(frame, &entry_frame, GLOBALS());
                if (lltrace < 0) {
                    goto exit_unwind;
                }
                #endif
            }
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(RETURN_GENERATOR) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(RETURN_GENERATOR);
            TIER_ONE_ONLY
            assert(PyFunction_Check(frame->f_funcobj));
            PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)frame->f_funcobj;
            PyGenObject *gen = (PyGenObject *)_Py_MakeCoro(func);
            if (gen == NULL) {
                GOTO_ERROR(error);
            }
            assert(EMPTY());
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            _PyInterpreterFrame *gen_frame = (_PyInterpreterFrame *)gen->gi_iframe;
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            _PyFrame_Copy(frame, gen_frame);
            assert(frame->frame_obj == NULL);
            gen->gi_frame_state = FRAME_CREATED;
            gen_frame->owner = FRAME_OWNED_BY_GENERATOR;
            _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallPy(tstate);
            assert(frame != &entry_frame);
            _PyInterpreterFrame *prev = frame->previous;
            _PyThreadState_PopFrame(tstate, frame);
            frame = tstate->current_frame = prev;
            _PyFrame_StackPush(frame, (PyObject *)gen);
            LOAD_IP(frame->return_offset);
            goto resume_frame;
        }

        TARGET(RETURN_VALUE) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(RETURN_VALUE);
            PyObject *retval;
            retval = stack_pointer[-1];
            #if TIER_ONE
            assert(frame != &entry_frame);
            #endif
            stack_pointer += -1;
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
            assert(EMPTY());
            _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallPy(tstate);
            // GH-99729: We need to unlink the frame *before* clearing it:
            _PyInterpreterFrame *dying = frame;
            frame = tstate->current_frame = dying->previous;
            _PyEval_FrameClearAndPop(tstate, dying);
            _PyFrame_StackPush(frame, retval);
            LOAD_SP();
            LOAD_IP(frame->return_offset);
            #if LLTRACE && TIER_ONE
            lltrace = maybe_lltrace_resume_frame(frame, &entry_frame, GLOBALS());
            if (lltrace < 0) {
                goto exit_unwind;
            }
            #endif
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(SEND) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(SEND);
            PREDICTED(SEND);
            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = next_instr - 2;
            PyObject *receiver;
            PyObject *v;
            PyObject *retval;
            // _SPECIALIZE_SEND
            receiver = stack_pointer[-2];
            {
                uint16_t counter = read_u16(&this_instr[1].cache);
                TIER_ONE_ONLY
                #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
                if (ADAPTIVE_COUNTER_IS_ZERO(counter)) {
                    next_instr = this_instr;
                    _Py_Specialize_Send(receiver, next_instr);
                    DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
                }
                STAT_INC(SEND, deferred);
                DECREMENT_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].cache);
                #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
            }
            // _SEND
            v = stack_pointer[-1];
            {
                assert(frame != &entry_frame);
                if ((tstate->interp->eval_frame == NULL) &&
                    (Py_TYPE(receiver) == &PyGen_Type || Py_TYPE(receiver) == &PyCoro_Type) &&
                    ((PyGenObject *)receiver)->gi_frame_state < FRAME_EXECUTING)
                {
                    PyGenObject *gen = (PyGenObject *)receiver;
                    _PyInterpreterFrame *gen_frame = (_PyInterpreterFrame *)gen->gi_iframe;
                    STACK_SHRINK(1);
                    _PyFrame_StackPush(gen_frame, v);
                    gen->gi_frame_state = FRAME_EXECUTING;
                    gen->gi_exc_state.previous_item = tstate->exc_info;
                    tstate->exc_info = &gen->gi_exc_state;
                    assert(next_instr - this_instr + oparg <= UINT16_MAX);
                    frame->return_offset = (uint16_t)(next_instr - this_instr + oparg);
                    DISPATCH_INLINED(gen_frame);
                }
                if (Py_IsNone(v) && PyIter_Check(receiver)) {
                    retval = Py_TYPE(receiver)->tp_iternext(receiver);
                }
                else {
                    retval = PyObject_CallMethodOneArg(receiver, &_Py_ID(send), v);
                }
                if (retval == NULL) {
                    if (_PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_StopIteration)
                    ) {
                        monitor_raise(tstate, frame, this_instr);
                    }
                    if (_PyGen_FetchStopIterationValue(&retval) == 0) {
                        assert(retval != NULL);
                        JUMPBY(oparg);
                    }
                    else {
                        GOTO_ERROR(error);
                    }
                }
                Py_DECREF(v);
            }
            stack_pointer[-1] = retval;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(SEND_GEN) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(SEND_GEN);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_SEND == 1, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject *v;
            PyObject *receiver;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            v = stack_pointer[-1];
            receiver = stack_pointer[-2];
            DEOPT_IF(tstate->interp->eval_frame, SEND);
            PyGenObject *gen = (PyGenObject *)receiver;
            DEOPT_IF(Py_TYPE(gen) != &PyGen_Type && Py_TYPE(gen) != &PyCoro_Type, SEND);
            DEOPT_IF(gen->gi_frame_state >= FRAME_EXECUTING, SEND);
            STAT_INC(SEND, hit);
            _PyInterpreterFrame *gen_frame = (_PyInterpreterFrame *)gen->gi_iframe;
            STACK_SHRINK(1);
            _PyFrame_StackPush(gen_frame, v);
            gen->gi_frame_state = FRAME_EXECUTING;
            gen->gi_exc_state.previous_item = tstate->exc_info;
            tstate->exc_info = &gen->gi_exc_state;
            assert(next_instr - this_instr + oparg <= UINT16_MAX);
            frame->return_offset = (uint16_t)(next_instr - this_instr + oparg);
            DISPATCH_INLINED(gen_frame);
        }

        TARGET(SETUP_ANNOTATIONS) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(SETUP_ANNOTATIONS);
            int err;
            PyObject *ann_dict;
            if (LOCALS() == NULL) {
                _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_SystemError,
                              "no locals found when setting up annotations");
                if (true) goto error;
            }
            /* check if __annotations__ in locals()... */
            if (PyMapping_GetOptionalItem(LOCALS(), &_Py_ID(__annotations__), &ann_dict) < 0) goto error;
            if (ann_dict == NULL) {
                ann_dict = PyDict_New();
                if (ann_dict == NULL) goto error;
                err = PyObject_SetItem(LOCALS(), &_Py_ID(__annotations__),
                                       ann_dict);
                Py_DECREF(ann_dict);
                if (err) goto error;
            }
            else {
                Py_DECREF(ann_dict);
            }
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(SET_ADD) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(SET_ADD);
            PyObject *v;
            PyObject *set;
            v = stack_pointer[-1];
            set = stack_pointer[-2 - (oparg-1)];
            int err = PySet_Add(set, v);
            Py_DECREF(v);
            if (err) goto pop_1_error;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(SET_FUNCTION_ATTRIBUTE) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(SET_FUNCTION_ATTRIBUTE);
            PyObject *func;
            PyObject *attr;
            func = stack_pointer[-1];
            attr = stack_pointer[-2];
            assert(PyFunction_Check(func));
            PyFunctionObject *func_obj = (PyFunctionObject *)func;
            switch(oparg) {
                case MAKE_FUNCTION_CLOSURE:
                assert(func_obj->func_closure == NULL);
                func_obj->func_closure = attr;
                break;
                case MAKE_FUNCTION_ANNOTATIONS:
                assert(func_obj->func_annotations == NULL);
                func_obj->func_annotations = attr;
                break;
                case MAKE_FUNCTION_KWDEFAULTS:
                assert(PyDict_CheckExact(attr));
                assert(func_obj->func_kwdefaults == NULL);
                func_obj->func_kwdefaults = attr;
                break;
                case MAKE_FUNCTION_DEFAULTS:
                assert(PyTuple_CheckExact(attr));
                assert(func_obj->func_defaults == NULL);
                func_obj->func_defaults = attr;
                break;
                default:
                Py_UNREACHABLE();
            }
            stack_pointer[-2] = func;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(SET_UPDATE) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(SET_UPDATE);
            PyObject *iterable;
            PyObject *set;
            iterable = stack_pointer[-1];
            set = stack_pointer[-2 - (oparg-1)];
            int err = _PySet_Update(set, iterable);
            Py_DECREF(iterable);
            if (err < 0) goto pop_1_error;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(STORE_ATTR) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 5;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(STORE_ATTR);
            PREDICTED(STORE_ATTR);
            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = next_instr - 5;
            PyObject *owner;
            PyObject *v;
            // _SPECIALIZE_STORE_ATTR
            owner = stack_pointer[-1];
            {
                uint16_t counter = read_u16(&this_instr[1].cache);
                TIER_ONE_ONLY
                #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
                if (ADAPTIVE_COUNTER_IS_ZERO(counter)) {
                    PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg);
                    next_instr = this_instr;
                    _Py_Specialize_StoreAttr(owner, next_instr, name);
                    DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
                }
                STAT_INC(STORE_ATTR, deferred);
                DECREMENT_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].cache);
                #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
            }
            /* Skip 3 cache entries */
            // _STORE_ATTR
            v = stack_pointer[-2];
            {
                PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg);
                int err = PyObject_SetAttr(owner, name, v);
                Py_DECREF(v);
                Py_DECREF(owner);
                if (err) goto pop_2_error;
            }
            stack_pointer += -2;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(STORE_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 5;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(STORE_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_STORE_ATTR == 4, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject *owner;
            PyObject *value;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _GUARD_TYPE_VERSION
            owner = stack_pointer[-1];
            {
                uint32_t type_version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
                PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(owner);
                assert(type_version != 0);
                DEOPT_IF(tp->tp_version_tag != type_version, STORE_ATTR);
            }
            // _GUARD_DORV_VALUES
            {
                assert(Py_TYPE(owner)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT);
                PyDictOrValues dorv = *_PyObject_DictOrValuesPointer(owner);
                DEOPT_IF(!_PyDictOrValues_IsValues(dorv), STORE_ATTR);
            }
            // _STORE_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE
            value = stack_pointer[-2];
            {
                uint16_t index = read_u16(&this_instr[4].cache);
                PyDictOrValues dorv = *_PyObject_DictOrValuesPointer(owner);
                STAT_INC(STORE_ATTR, hit);
                PyDictValues *values = _PyDictOrValues_GetValues(dorv);
                PyObject *old_value = values->values[index];
                values->values[index] = value;
                if (old_value == NULL) {
                    _PyDictValues_AddToInsertionOrder(values, index);
                }
                else {
                    Py_DECREF(old_value);
                }
                Py_DECREF(owner);
            }
            stack_pointer += -2;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(STORE_ATTR_SLOT) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 5;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(STORE_ATTR_SLOT);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_STORE_ATTR == 4, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject *owner;
            PyObject *value;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            // _GUARD_TYPE_VERSION
            owner = stack_pointer[-1];
            {
                uint32_t type_version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
                PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(owner);
                assert(type_version != 0);
                DEOPT_IF(tp->tp_version_tag != type_version, STORE_ATTR);
            }
            // _STORE_ATTR_SLOT
            value = stack_pointer[-2];
            {
                uint16_t index = read_u16(&this_instr[4].cache);
                char *addr = (char *)owner + index;
                STAT_INC(STORE_ATTR, hit);
                PyObject *old_value = *(PyObject **)addr;
                *(PyObject **)addr = value;
                Py_XDECREF(old_value);
                Py_DECREF(owner);
            }
            stack_pointer += -2;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(STORE_ATTR_WITH_HINT) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 5;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(STORE_ATTR_WITH_HINT);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_STORE_ATTR == 4, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject *owner;
            PyObject *value;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            owner = stack_pointer[-1];
            value = stack_pointer[-2];
            uint32_t type_version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
            uint16_t hint = read_u16(&this_instr[4].cache);
            PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(owner);
            assert(type_version != 0);
            DEOPT_IF(tp->tp_version_tag != type_version, STORE_ATTR);
            assert(tp->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT);
            PyDictOrValues dorv = *_PyObject_DictOrValuesPointer(owner);
            DEOPT_IF(_PyDictOrValues_IsValues(dorv), STORE_ATTR);
            PyDictObject *dict = (PyDictObject *)_PyDictOrValues_GetDict(dorv);
            DEOPT_IF(dict == NULL, STORE_ATTR);
            assert(PyDict_CheckExact((PyObject *)dict));
            PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg);
            DEOPT_IF(hint >= (size_t)dict->ma_keys->dk_nentries, STORE_ATTR);
            PyObject *old_value;
            uint64_t new_version;
            if (DK_IS_UNICODE(dict->ma_keys)) {
                PyDictUnicodeEntry *ep = DK_UNICODE_ENTRIES(dict->ma_keys) + hint;
                DEOPT_IF(ep->me_key != name, STORE_ATTR);
                old_value = ep->me_value;
                DEOPT_IF(old_value == NULL, STORE_ATTR);
                new_version = _PyDict_NotifyEvent(tstate->interp, PyDict_EVENT_MODIFIED, dict, name, value);
                ep->me_value = value;
            }
            else {
                PyDictKeyEntry *ep = DK_ENTRIES(dict->ma_keys) + hint;
                DEOPT_IF(ep->me_key != name, STORE_ATTR);
                old_value = ep->me_value;
                DEOPT_IF(old_value == NULL, STORE_ATTR);
                new_version = _PyDict_NotifyEvent(tstate->interp, PyDict_EVENT_MODIFIED, dict, name, value);
                ep->me_value = value;
            }
            Py_DECREF(old_value);
            STAT_INC(STORE_ATTR, hit);
            /* Ensure dict is GC tracked if it needs to be */
            if (!_PyObject_GC_IS_TRACKED(dict) && _PyObject_GC_MAY_BE_TRACKED(value)) {
                _PyObject_GC_TRACK(dict);
            }
            /* PEP 509 */
            dict->ma_version_tag = new_version;
            Py_DECREF(owner);
            stack_pointer += -2;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(STORE_DEREF) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(STORE_DEREF);
            PyObject *v;
            v = stack_pointer[-1];
            PyObject *cell = GETLOCAL(oparg);
            PyObject *oldobj = PyCell_GET(cell);
            PyCell_SET(cell, v);
            Py_XDECREF(oldobj);
            stack_pointer += -1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(STORE_FAST) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(STORE_FAST);
            PyObject *value;
            value = stack_pointer[-1];
            SETLOCAL(oparg, value);
            stack_pointer += -1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(STORE_FAST_LOAD_FAST) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(STORE_FAST_LOAD_FAST);
            PyObject *value1;
            PyObject *value2;
            value1 = stack_pointer[-1];
            uint32_t oparg1 = oparg >> 4;
            uint32_t oparg2 = oparg & 15;
            SETLOCAL(oparg1, value1);
            value2 = GETLOCAL(oparg2);
            Py_INCREF(value2);
            stack_pointer[-1] = value2;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(STORE_FAST_STORE_FAST) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(STORE_FAST_STORE_FAST);
            PyObject *value1;
            PyObject *value2;
            value1 = stack_pointer[-1];
            value2 = stack_pointer[-2];
            uint32_t oparg1 = oparg >> 4;
            uint32_t oparg2 = oparg & 15;
            SETLOCAL(oparg1, value1);
            SETLOCAL(oparg2, value2);
            stack_pointer += -2;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(STORE_GLOBAL) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(STORE_GLOBAL);
            PyObject *v;
            v = stack_pointer[-1];
            PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg);
            int err = PyDict_SetItem(GLOBALS(), name, v);
            Py_DECREF(v);
            if (err) goto pop_1_error;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(STORE_NAME) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(STORE_NAME);
            PyObject *v;
            v = stack_pointer[-1];
            PyObject *name = GETITEM(FRAME_CO_NAMES, oparg);
            PyObject *ns = LOCALS();
            int err;
            if (ns == NULL) {
                _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_SystemError,
                              "no locals found when storing %R", name);
                Py_DECREF(v);
                if (true) goto pop_1_error;
            }
            if (PyDict_CheckExact(ns))
            err = PyDict_SetItem(ns, name, v);
            else
            err = PyObject_SetItem(ns, name, v);
            Py_DECREF(v);
            if (err) goto pop_1_error;
            stack_pointer += -1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(STORE_SLICE) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(STORE_SLICE);
            PyObject *stop;
            PyObject *start;
            PyObject *container;
            PyObject *v;
            stop = stack_pointer[-1];
            start = stack_pointer[-2];
            container = stack_pointer[-3];
            v = stack_pointer[-4];
            PyObject *slice = _PyBuildSlice_ConsumeRefs(start, stop);
            int err;
            if (slice == NULL) {
                err = 1;
            }
            else {
                err = PyObject_SetItem(container, slice, v);
                Py_DECREF(slice);
            }
            Py_DECREF(v);
            Py_DECREF(container);
            if (err) goto pop_4_error;
            stack_pointer += -4;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(STORE_SUBSCR) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(STORE_SUBSCR);
            PREDICTED(STORE_SUBSCR);
            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = next_instr - 2;
            PyObject *sub;
            PyObject *container;
            PyObject *v;
            // _SPECIALIZE_STORE_SUBSCR
            sub = stack_pointer[-1];
            container = stack_pointer[-2];
            {
                uint16_t counter = read_u16(&this_instr[1].cache);
                TIER_ONE_ONLY
                #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
                if (ADAPTIVE_COUNTER_IS_ZERO(counter)) {
                    next_instr = this_instr;
                    _Py_Specialize_StoreSubscr(container, sub, next_instr);
                    DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
                }
                STAT_INC(STORE_SUBSCR, deferred);
                DECREMENT_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].cache);
                #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
            }
            // _STORE_SUBSCR
            v = stack_pointer[-3];
            {
                /* container[sub] = v */
                int err = PyObject_SetItem(container, sub, v);
                Py_DECREF(v);
                Py_DECREF(container);
                Py_DECREF(sub);
                if (err) goto pop_3_error;
            }
            stack_pointer += -3;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(STORE_SUBSCR_DICT) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(STORE_SUBSCR_DICT);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_STORE_SUBSCR == 1, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject *sub;
            PyObject *dict;
            PyObject *value;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            sub = stack_pointer[-1];
            dict = stack_pointer[-2];
            value = stack_pointer[-3];
            DEOPT_IF(!PyDict_CheckExact(dict), STORE_SUBSCR);
            STAT_INC(STORE_SUBSCR, hit);
            int err = _PyDict_SetItem_Take2((PyDictObject *)dict, sub, value);
            Py_DECREF(dict);
            if (err) goto pop_3_error;
            stack_pointer += -3;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(STORE_SUBSCR_LIST_INT) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(STORE_SUBSCR_LIST_INT);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_STORE_SUBSCR == 1, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject *sub;
            PyObject *list;
            PyObject *value;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            sub = stack_pointer[-1];
            list = stack_pointer[-2];
            value = stack_pointer[-3];
            DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(sub), STORE_SUBSCR);
            DEOPT_IF(!PyList_CheckExact(list), STORE_SUBSCR);
            // Ensure nonnegative, zero-or-one-digit ints.
            DEOPT_IF(!_PyLong_IsNonNegativeCompact((PyLongObject *)sub), STORE_SUBSCR);
            Py_ssize_t index = ((PyLongObject*)sub)->long_value.ob_digit[0];
            // Ensure index < len(list)
            DEOPT_IF(index >= PyList_GET_SIZE(list), STORE_SUBSCR);
            STAT_INC(STORE_SUBSCR, hit);
            PyObject *old_value = PyList_GET_ITEM(list, index);
            PyList_SET_ITEM(list, index, value);
            assert(old_value != NULL);
            Py_DECREF(old_value);
            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(sub, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
            Py_DECREF(list);
            stack_pointer += -3;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(SWAP) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(SWAP);
            PyObject *top;
            PyObject *bottom;
            top = stack_pointer[-1];
            bottom = stack_pointer[-2 - (oparg-2)];
            assert(oparg >= 2);
            stack_pointer[-2 - (oparg-2)] = top;
            stack_pointer[-1] = bottom;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(TO_BOOL) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 4;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(TO_BOOL);
            PREDICTED(TO_BOOL);
            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = next_instr - 4;
            PyObject *value;
            PyObject *res;
            // _SPECIALIZE_TO_BOOL
            value = stack_pointer[-1];
            {
                uint16_t counter = read_u16(&this_instr[1].cache);
                TIER_ONE_ONLY
                #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
                if (ADAPTIVE_COUNTER_IS_ZERO(counter)) {
                    next_instr = this_instr;
                    _Py_Specialize_ToBool(value, next_instr);
                    DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
                }
                STAT_INC(TO_BOOL, deferred);
                DECREMENT_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].cache);
                #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
            }
            /* Skip 2 cache entries */
            // _TO_BOOL
            {
                int err = PyObject_IsTrue(value);
                Py_DECREF(value);
                if (err < 0) goto pop_1_error;
                res = err ? Py_True : Py_False;
            }
            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(TO_BOOL_ALWAYS_TRUE) {
            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 4;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(TO_BOOL_ALWAYS_TRUE);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_TO_BOOL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject *value;
            PyObject *res;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            value = stack_pointer[-1];
            uint32_t version = read_u32(&this_instr[2].cache);
            // This one is a bit weird, because we expect *some* failures:
            assert(version);
            DEOPT_IF(Py_TYPE(value)->tp_version_tag != version, TO_BOOL);
            STAT_INC(TO_BOOL, hit);
            Py_DECREF(value);
            res = Py_True;
            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(TO_BOOL_BOOL) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 4;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(TO_BOOL_BOOL);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_TO_BOOL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject *value;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            /* Skip 2 cache entries */
            value = stack_pointer[-1];
            DEOPT_IF(!PyBool_Check(value), TO_BOOL);
            STAT_INC(TO_BOOL, hit);
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(TO_BOOL_INT) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 4;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(TO_BOOL_INT);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_TO_BOOL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject *value;
            PyObject *res;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            /* Skip 2 cache entries */
            value = stack_pointer[-1];
            DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(value), TO_BOOL);
            STAT_INC(TO_BOOL, hit);
            if (_PyLong_IsZero((PyLongObject *)value)) {
                assert(_Py_IsImmortal(value));
                res = Py_False;
            }
            else {
                Py_DECREF(value);
                res = Py_True;
            }
            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(TO_BOOL_LIST) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 4;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(TO_BOOL_LIST);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_TO_BOOL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject *value;
            PyObject *res;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            /* Skip 2 cache entries */
            value = stack_pointer[-1];
            DEOPT_IF(!PyList_CheckExact(value), TO_BOOL);
            STAT_INC(TO_BOOL, hit);
            res = Py_SIZE(value) ? Py_True : Py_False;
            Py_DECREF(value);
            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(TO_BOOL_NONE) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 4;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(TO_BOOL_NONE);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_TO_BOOL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject *value;
            PyObject *res;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            /* Skip 2 cache entries */
            value = stack_pointer[-1];
            // This one is a bit weird, because we expect *some* failures:
            DEOPT_IF(!Py_IsNone(value), TO_BOOL);
            STAT_INC(TO_BOOL, hit);
            res = Py_False;
            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(TO_BOOL_STR) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 4;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(TO_BOOL_STR);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_TO_BOOL == 3, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject *value;
            PyObject *res;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            /* Skip 2 cache entries */
            value = stack_pointer[-1];
            DEOPT_IF(!PyUnicode_CheckExact(value), TO_BOOL);
            STAT_INC(TO_BOOL, hit);
            if (value == &_Py_STR(empty)) {
                assert(_Py_IsImmortal(value));
                res = Py_False;
            }
            else {
                assert(Py_SIZE(value));
                Py_DECREF(value);
                res = Py_True;
            }
            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(UNARY_INVERT) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(UNARY_INVERT);
            PyObject *value;
            PyObject *res;
            value = stack_pointer[-1];
            res = PyNumber_Invert(value);
            Py_DECREF(value);
            if (res == NULL) goto pop_1_error;
            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(UNARY_NEGATIVE) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(UNARY_NEGATIVE);
            PyObject *value;
            PyObject *res;
            value = stack_pointer[-1];
            res = PyNumber_Negative(value);
            Py_DECREF(value);
            if (res == NULL) goto pop_1_error;
            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(UNARY_NOT) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(UNARY_NOT);
            PyObject *value;
            PyObject *res;
            value = stack_pointer[-1];
            assert(PyBool_Check(value));
            res = Py_IsFalse(value) ? Py_True : Py_False;
            stack_pointer[-1] = res;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(UNPACK_EX) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(UNPACK_EX);
            PyObject *seq;
            seq = stack_pointer[-1];
            int totalargs = 1 + (oparg & 0xFF) + (oparg >> 8);
            PyObject **top = stack_pointer + totalargs - 1;
            int res = _PyEval_UnpackIterable(tstate, seq, oparg & 0xFF, oparg >> 8, top);
            Py_DECREF(seq);
            if (res == 0) goto pop_1_error;
            stack_pointer += (oparg >> 8) + (oparg & 0xFF);
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(UNPACK_SEQUENCE) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(UNPACK_SEQUENCE);
            PREDICTED(UNPACK_SEQUENCE);
            _Py_CODEUNIT *this_instr = next_instr - 2;
            PyObject *seq;
            // _SPECIALIZE_UNPACK_SEQUENCE
            seq = stack_pointer[-1];
            {
                uint16_t counter = read_u16(&this_instr[1].cache);
                TIER_ONE_ONLY
                #if ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION
                if (ADAPTIVE_COUNTER_IS_ZERO(counter)) {
                    next_instr = this_instr;
                    _Py_Specialize_UnpackSequence(seq, next_instr, oparg);
                    DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
                }
                STAT_INC(UNPACK_SEQUENCE, deferred);
                DECREMENT_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(this_instr[1].cache);
                #endif  /* ENABLE_SPECIALIZATION */
                (void)seq;
                (void)counter;
            }
            // _UNPACK_SEQUENCE
            {
                PyObject **top = stack_pointer + oparg - 1;
                int res = _PyEval_UnpackIterable(tstate, seq, oparg, -1, top);
                Py_DECREF(seq);
                if (res == 0) goto pop_1_error;
            }
            stack_pointer += -1 + oparg;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(UNPACK_SEQUENCE_LIST) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(UNPACK_SEQUENCE_LIST);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_UNPACK_SEQUENCE == 1, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject *seq;
            PyObject **values;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            seq = stack_pointer[-1];
            values = &stack_pointer[-1];
            DEOPT_IF(!PyList_CheckExact(seq), UNPACK_SEQUENCE);
            DEOPT_IF(PyList_GET_SIZE(seq) != oparg, UNPACK_SEQUENCE);
            STAT_INC(UNPACK_SEQUENCE, hit);
            PyObject **items = _PyList_ITEMS(seq);
            for (int i = oparg; --i >= 0; ) {
                *values++ = Py_NewRef(items[i]);
            }
            Py_DECREF(seq);
            stack_pointer += -1 + oparg;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(UNPACK_SEQUENCE_TUPLE) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(UNPACK_SEQUENCE_TUPLE);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_UNPACK_SEQUENCE == 1, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject *seq;
            PyObject **values;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            seq = stack_pointer[-1];
            values = &stack_pointer[-1];
            DEOPT_IF(!PyTuple_CheckExact(seq), UNPACK_SEQUENCE);
            DEOPT_IF(PyTuple_GET_SIZE(seq) != oparg, UNPACK_SEQUENCE);
            STAT_INC(UNPACK_SEQUENCE, hit);
            PyObject **items = _PyTuple_ITEMS(seq);
            for (int i = oparg; --i >= 0; ) {
                *values++ = Py_NewRef(items[i]);
            }
            Py_DECREF(seq);
            stack_pointer += -1 + oparg;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(UNPACK_SEQUENCE_TWO_TUPLE) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 2;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(UNPACK_SEQUENCE_TWO_TUPLE);
            static_assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_UNPACK_SEQUENCE == 1, "incorrect cache size");
            PyObject *seq;
            PyObject **values;
            /* Skip 1 cache entry */
            seq = stack_pointer[-1];
            values = &stack_pointer[-1];
            DEOPT_IF(!PyTuple_CheckExact(seq), UNPACK_SEQUENCE);
            DEOPT_IF(PyTuple_GET_SIZE(seq) != 2, UNPACK_SEQUENCE);
            assert(oparg == 2);
            STAT_INC(UNPACK_SEQUENCE, hit);
            values[0] = Py_NewRef(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(seq, 1));
            values[1] = Py_NewRef(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(seq, 0));
            Py_DECREF(seq);
            stack_pointer += -1 + oparg;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(WITH_EXCEPT_START) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(WITH_EXCEPT_START);
            PyObject *val;
            PyObject *lasti;
            PyObject *exit_func;
            PyObject *res;
            val = stack_pointer[-1];
            lasti = stack_pointer[-3];
            exit_func = stack_pointer[-4];
            /* At the top of the stack are 4 values:
               - val: TOP = exc_info()
               - unused: SECOND = previous exception
               - lasti: THIRD = lasti of exception in exc_info()
               - exit_func: FOURTH = the context.__exit__ bound method
               We call FOURTH(type(TOP), TOP, GetTraceback(TOP)).
               Then we push the __exit__ return value.
             */
            PyObject *exc, *tb;
            assert(val && PyExceptionInstance_Check(val));
            exc = PyExceptionInstance_Class(val);
            tb = PyException_GetTraceback(val);
            if (tb == NULL) {
                tb = Py_None;
            }
            else {
                Py_DECREF(tb);
            }
            assert(PyLong_Check(lasti));
            (void)lasti; // Shut up compiler warning if asserts are off
            PyObject *stack[4] = {NULL, exc, val, tb};
            res = PyObject_Vectorcall(exit_func, stack + 1,
                                      3 | PY_VECTORCALL_ARGUMENTS_OFFSET, NULL);
            if (res == NULL) goto error;
            stack_pointer[0] = res;
            stack_pointer += 1;
            DISPATCH();
        }

        TARGET(YIELD_VALUE) {
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            next_instr += 1;
            INSTRUCTION_STATS(YIELD_VALUE);
            PyObject *retval;
            retval = stack_pointer[-1];
            TIER_ONE_ONLY
            // NOTE: It's important that YIELD_VALUE never raises an exception!
            // The compiler treats any exception raised here as a failed close()
            // or throw() call.
            assert(frame != &entry_frame);
            frame->instr_ptr = next_instr;
            PyGenObject *gen = _PyFrame_GetGenerator(frame);
            assert(FRAME_SUSPENDED_YIELD_FROM == FRAME_SUSPENDED + 1);
            assert(oparg == 0 || oparg == 1);
            gen->gi_frame_state = FRAME_SUSPENDED + oparg;
            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer - 1);
            tstate->exc_info = gen->gi_exc_state.previous_item;
            gen->gi_exc_state.previous_item = NULL;
            _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallPy(tstate);
            _PyInterpreterFrame *gen_frame = frame;
            frame = tstate->current_frame = frame->previous;
            gen_frame->previous = NULL;
            _PyFrame_StackPush(frame, retval);
            /* We don't know which of these is relevant here, so keep them equal */
            assert(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_SEND == INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_FOR_ITER);
            LOAD_IP(1 + INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_SEND);
            goto resume_frame;
        }
#undef TIER_ONE