GH-101100: Fix reference warnings for `socket` methods (#110114)

Co-authored-by: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>

Doc/library/socket.rst

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ all modern Unix systems, Windows, MacOS, and probably additional platforms.
 
 The Python interface is a straightforward transliteration of the Unix system
 call and library interface for sockets to Python's object-oriented style: the
-:func:`.socket` function returns a :dfn:`socket object` whose methods implement
+:func:`~socket.socket` function returns a :dfn:`socket object` whose methods implement
 the various socket system calls.  Parameter types are somewhat higher-level than
 in the C interface: as with :meth:`read` and :meth:`write` operations on Python
 files, buffer allocation on receive operations is automatic, and buffer length
@@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ Constants
           AF_INET6
 
    These constants represent the address (and protocol) families, used for the
-   first argument to :func:`.socket`.  If the :const:`AF_UNIX` constant is not
+   first argument to :func:`~socket.socket`.  If the :const:`AF_UNIX` constant is not
    defined then this protocol is unsupported.  More constants may be available
    depending on the system.
 
@@ -365,7 +365,7 @@ Constants
           SOCK_SEQPACKET
 
    These constants represent the socket types, used for the second argument to
-   :func:`.socket`.  More constants may be available depending on the system.
+   :func:`~socket.socket`.  More constants may be available depending on the system.
    (Only :const:`SOCK_STREAM` and :const:`SOCK_DGRAM` appear to be generally
    useful.)
 
@@ -404,7 +404,7 @@ Constants
 
    Many constants of these forms, documented in the Unix documentation on sockets
    and/or the IP protocol, are also defined in the socket module. They are
-   generally used in arguments to the :meth:`setsockopt` and :meth:`getsockopt`
+   generally used in arguments to the :meth:`~socket.setsockopt` and :meth:`~socket.getsockopt`
    methods of socket objects.  In most cases, only those symbols that are defined
    in the Unix header files are defined; for a few symbols, default values are
    provided.
@@ -770,7 +770,7 @@ The following functions all create :ref:`socket objects <socket-objects>`.
 
    Build a pair of connected socket objects using the given address family, socket
    type, and protocol number.  Address family, socket type, and protocol number are
-   as for the :func:`.socket` function above. The default family is :const:`AF_UNIX`
+   as for the :func:`~socket.socket` function above. The default family is :const:`AF_UNIX`
    if defined on the platform; otherwise, the default is :const:`AF_INET`.
 
    The newly created sockets are :ref:`non-inheritable <fd_inheritance>`.
@@ -866,7 +866,7 @@ The following functions all create :ref:`socket objects <socket-objects>`.
 
    Duplicate the file descriptor *fd* (an integer as returned by a file object's
    :meth:`~io.IOBase.fileno` method) and build a socket object from the result.  Address
-   family, socket type and protocol number are as for the :func:`.socket` function
+   family, socket type and protocol number are as for the :func:`~socket.socket` function
    above. The file descriptor should refer to a socket, but this is not checked ---
    subsequent operations on the object may fail if the file descriptor is invalid.
    This function is rarely needed, but can be used to get or set socket options on
@@ -931,7 +931,7 @@ The :mod:`socket` module also offers various network-related services:
    ``(family, type, proto, canonname, sockaddr)``
 
    In these tuples, *family*, *type*, *proto* are all integers and are
-   meant to be passed to the :func:`.socket` function.  *canonname* will be
+   meant to be passed to the :func:`~socket.socket` function.  *canonname* will be
    a string representing the canonical name of the *host* if
    :const:`AI_CANONNAME` is part of the *flags* argument; else *canonname*
    will be empty.  *sockaddr* is a tuple describing a socket address, whose
@@ -1047,7 +1047,7 @@ The :mod:`socket` module also offers various network-related services:
 .. function:: getprotobyname(protocolname)
 
    Translate an internet protocol name (for example, ``'icmp'``) to a constant
-   suitable for passing as the (optional) third argument to the :func:`.socket`
+   suitable for passing as the (optional) third argument to the :func:`~socket.socket`
    function.  This is usually only needed for sockets opened in "raw" mode
    (:const:`SOCK_RAW`); for the normal socket modes, the correct protocol is chosen
    automatically if the protocol is omitted or zero.
@@ -1331,7 +1331,7 @@ The :mod:`socket` module also offers various network-related services:
 
    Send the list of file descriptors *fds* over an :const:`AF_UNIX` socket *sock*.
    The *fds* parameter is a sequence of file descriptors.
-   Consult :meth:`sendmsg` for the documentation of these parameters.
+   Consult :meth:`~socket.sendmsg` for the documentation of these parameters.
 
    .. availability:: Unix, Windows, not Emscripten, not WASI.
 
@@ -1345,7 +1345,7 @@ The :mod:`socket` module also offers various network-related services:
 
    Receive up to *maxfds* file descriptors from an :const:`AF_UNIX` socket *sock*.
    Return ``(msg, list(fds), flags, addr)``.
-   Consult :meth:`recvmsg` for the documentation of these parameters.
+   Consult :meth:`~socket.recvmsg` for the documentation of these parameters.
 
    .. availability:: Unix, Windows, not Emscripten, not WASI.
 
@@ -2064,10 +2064,10 @@ Example
 
 Here are four minimal example programs using the TCP/IP protocol: a server that
 echoes all data that it receives back (servicing only one client), and a client
-using it.  Note that a server must perform the sequence :func:`.socket`,
+using it.  Note that a server must perform the sequence :func:`~socket.socket`,
 :meth:`~socket.bind`, :meth:`~socket.listen`, :meth:`~socket.accept` (possibly
 repeating the :meth:`~socket.accept` to service more than one client), while a
-client only needs the sequence :func:`.socket`, :meth:`~socket.connect`.  Also
+client only needs the sequence :func:`~socket.socket`, :meth:`~socket.connect`.  Also
 note that the server does not :meth:`~socket.sendall`/:meth:`~socket.recv` on
 the socket it is listening on but on the new socket returned by
 :meth:`~socket.accept`.

Doc/whatsnew/2.0.rst

@@ -671,9 +671,9 @@ errors.  If you absolutely must use 2.0 but can't fix your code, you can edit
 ``NO_STRICT_LIST_APPEND`` to preserve the old behaviour; this isn't recommended.
 
 Some of the functions in the :mod:`socket` module are still forgiving in this
-way.  For example, :func:`socket.connect( ('hostname', 25) )` is the correct
-form, passing a tuple representing an IP address, but :func:`socket.connect(
-'hostname', 25 )` also works. :func:`socket.connect_ex` and :func:`socket.bind`
+way.  For example, ``socket.connect( ('hostname', 25) )`` is the correct
+form, passing a tuple representing an IP address, but ``socket.connect('hostname', 25)``
+also works. :meth:`socket.connect_ex <socket.socket.connect_ex>` and :meth:`socket.bind <socket.socket.bind>`
 are similarly easy-going.  2.0alpha1 tightened these functions up, but because
 the documentation actually used the erroneous multiple argument form, many
 people wrote code which would break with the stricter checking.  GvR backed out

Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst

@@ -2383,8 +2383,8 @@ Port-Specific Changes: Mac OS X
 Port-Specific Changes: FreeBSD
 -----------------------------------
 
-* FreeBSD 7.1's :const:`SO_SETFIB` constant, used with
-  :func:`~socket.getsockopt`/:func:`~socket.setsockopt` to select an
+* FreeBSD 7.1's :const:`SO_SETFIB` constant, used with the :func:`~socket.socket` methods
+  :func:`~socket.socket.getsockopt`/:func:`~socket.socket.setsockopt` to select an
   alternate routing table, is now available in the :mod:`socket`
   module.  (Added by Kyle VanderBeek; :issue:`8235`.)