diff --git a/Lib/test/test_xml_etree.py b/Lib/test/test_xml_etree.py
index 8cd01eba86b..c73e4bed1c6 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_xml_etree.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_xml_etree.py
@@ -1709,6 +1709,126 @@ def test_pickle_issue18997(self):
                 self.assertEqual(e2[0].tag, 'dogs')
 
 
+class BadElementTest(ElementTestCase, unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_extend_mutable_list(self):
+        class X:
+            @property
+            def __class__(self):
+                L[:] = [ET.Element('baz')]
+                return ET.Element
+        L = [X()]
+        e = ET.Element('foo')
+        try:
+            e.extend(L)
+        except TypeError:
+            pass
+
+        class Y(X, ET.Element):
+            pass
+        L = [Y('x')]
+        e = ET.Element('foo')
+        e.extend(L)
+
+    def test_extend_mutable_list2(self):
+        class X:
+            @property
+            def __class__(self):
+                del L[:]
+                return ET.Element
+        L = [X(), ET.Element('baz')]
+        e = ET.Element('foo')
+        try:
+            e.extend(L)
+        except TypeError:
+            pass
+
+        class Y(X, ET.Element):
+            pass
+        L = [Y('bar'), ET.Element('baz')]
+        e = ET.Element('foo')
+        e.extend(L)
+
+    def test_remove_with_mutating(self):
+        class X(ET.Element):
+            def __eq__(self, o):
+                del e[:]
+                return False
+        e = ET.Element('foo')
+        e.extend([X('bar')])
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, e.remove, ET.Element('baz'))
+
+        e = ET.Element('foo')
+        e.extend([ET.Element('bar')])
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, e.remove, X('baz'))
+
+
+class MutatingElementPath(str):
+    def __new__(cls, elem, *args):
+        self = str.__new__(cls, *args)
+        self.elem = elem
+        return self
+    def __eq__(self, o):
+        del self.elem[:]
+        return True
+MutatingElementPath.__hash__ = str.__hash__
+
+class BadElementPath(str):
+    def __eq__(self, o):
+        raise 1/0
+BadElementPath.__hash__ = str.__hash__
+
+class BadElementPathTest(ElementTestCase, unittest.TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        super().setUp()
+        from xml.etree import ElementPath
+        self.path_cache = ElementPath._cache
+        ElementPath._cache = {}
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        from xml.etree import ElementPath
+        ElementPath._cache = self.path_cache
+        super().tearDown()
+
+    def test_find_with_mutating(self):
+        e = ET.Element('foo')
+        e.extend([ET.Element('bar')])
+        e.find(MutatingElementPath(e, 'x'))
+
+    def test_find_with_error(self):
+        e = ET.Element('foo')
+        e.extend([ET.Element('bar')])
+        try:
+            e.find(BadElementPath('x'))
+        except ZeroDivisionError:
+            pass
+
+    def test_findtext_with_mutating(self):
+        e = ET.Element('foo')
+        e.extend([ET.Element('bar')])
+        e.findtext(MutatingElementPath(e, 'x'))
+
+    def test_findtext_with_error(self):
+        e = ET.Element('foo')
+        e.extend([ET.Element('bar')])
+        try:
+            e.findtext(BadElementPath('x'))
+        except ZeroDivisionError:
+            pass
+
+    def test_findall_with_mutating(self):
+        e = ET.Element('foo')
+        e.extend([ET.Element('bar')])
+        e.findall(MutatingElementPath(e, 'x'))
+
+    def test_findall_with_error(self):
+        e = ET.Element('foo')
+        e.extend([ET.Element('bar')])
+        try:
+            e.findall(BadElementPath('x'))
+        except ZeroDivisionError:
+            pass
+
+
 class ElementTreeTypeTest(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_istype(self):
         self.assertIsInstance(ET.ParseError, type)
@@ -2556,6 +2676,8 @@ def test_main(module=None):
         ModuleTest,
         ElementSlicingTest,
         BasicElementTest,
+        BadElementTest,
+        BadElementPathTest,
         ElementTreeTest,
         IOTest,
         ParseErrorTest,
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS b/Misc/NEWS
index 141d2e0a54b..9ece51a4900 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS
+++ b/Misc/NEWS
@@ -49,6 +49,9 @@ Core and Builtins
 Library
 -------
 
+- Issue #24091: Fixed various crashes in corner cases in C implementation of
+  ElementTree.
+
 - Issue #21931: msilib.FCICreate() now raises TypeError in the case of a bad
   argument instead of a ValueError with a bogus FCI error number.
   Patch by Jeffrey Armstrong.
diff --git a/Modules/_elementtree.c b/Modules/_elementtree.c
index ebdb95b05ec..ea770517c14 100644
--- a/Modules/_elementtree.c
+++ b/Modules/_elementtree.c
@@ -1094,7 +1094,7 @@ _elementtree_Element_extend(ElementObject *self, PyObject *elements)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=f6e67fc2ff529191 input=807bc4f31c69f7c0]*/
 {
     PyObject* seq;
-    Py_ssize_t i, seqlen = 0;
+    Py_ssize_t i;
 
     seq = PySequence_Fast(elements, "");
     if (!seq) {
@@ -1105,22 +1105,25 @@ _elementtree_Element_extend(ElementObject *self, PyObject *elements)
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    seqlen = PySequence_Size(seq);
-    for (i = 0; i < seqlen; i++) {
+    for (i = 0; i < PySequence_Fast_GET_SIZE(seq); i++) {
         PyObject* element = PySequence_Fast_GET_ITEM(seq, i);
-        if (!PyObject_IsInstance(element, (PyObject *)&Element_Type)) {
-            Py_DECREF(seq);
+        Py_INCREF(element);
+        if (!PyObject_TypeCheck(element, (PyTypeObject *)&Element_Type)) {
             PyErr_Format(
                 PyExc_TypeError,
                 "expected an Element, not \"%.200s\"",
                 Py_TYPE(element)->tp_name);
+            Py_DECREF(seq);
+            Py_DECREF(element);
             return NULL;
         }
 
         if (element_add_subelement(self, element) < 0) {
             Py_DECREF(seq);
+            Py_DECREF(element);
             return NULL;
         }
+        Py_DECREF(element);
     }
 
     Py_DECREF(seq);
@@ -1156,11 +1159,16 @@ _elementtree_Element_find_impl(ElementObject *self, PyObject *path,
 
     for (i = 0; i < self->extra->length; i++) {
         PyObject* item = self->extra->children[i];
-        if (Element_CheckExact(item) &&
-            PyObject_RichCompareBool(((ElementObject*)item)->tag, path, Py_EQ) == 1) {
-            Py_INCREF(item);
+        int rc;
+        if (!Element_CheckExact(item))
+            continue;
+        Py_INCREF(item);
+        rc = PyObject_RichCompareBool(((ElementObject*)item)->tag, path, Py_EQ);
+        if (rc > 0)
             return item;
-        }
+        Py_DECREF(item);
+        if (rc < 0)
+            return NULL;
     }
 
     Py_RETURN_NONE;
@@ -1197,14 +1205,24 @@ _elementtree_Element_findtext_impl(ElementObject *self, PyObject *path,
 
     for (i = 0; i < self->extra->length; i++) {
         ElementObject* item = (ElementObject*) self->extra->children[i];
-        if (Element_CheckExact(item) &&
-            (PyObject_RichCompareBool(item->tag, path, Py_EQ) == 1)) {
+        int rc;
+        if (!Element_CheckExact(item))
+            continue;
+        Py_INCREF(item);
+        rc = PyObject_RichCompareBool(item->tag, path, Py_EQ);
+        if (rc > 0) {
             PyObject* text = element_get_text(item);
-            if (text == Py_None)
+            if (text == Py_None) {
+                Py_DECREF(item);
                 return PyUnicode_New(0, 0);
+            }
             Py_XINCREF(text);
+            Py_DECREF(item);
             return text;
         }
+        Py_DECREF(item);
+        if (rc < 0)
+            return NULL;
     }
 
     Py_INCREF(default_value);
@@ -1245,13 +1263,17 @@ _elementtree_Element_findall_impl(ElementObject *self, PyObject *path,
 
     for (i = 0; i < self->extra->length; i++) {
         PyObject* item = self->extra->children[i];
-        if (Element_CheckExact(item) &&
-            PyObject_RichCompareBool(((ElementObject*)item)->tag, tag, Py_EQ) == 1) {
-            if (PyList_Append(out, item) < 0) {
-                Py_DECREF(out);
-                return NULL;
-            }
+        int rc;
+        if (!Element_CheckExact(item))
+            continue;
+        Py_INCREF(item);
+        rc = PyObject_RichCompareBool(((ElementObject*)item)->tag, tag, Py_EQ);
+        if (rc != 0 && (rc < 0 || PyList_Append(out, item) < 0)) {
+            Py_DECREF(item);
+            Py_DECREF(out);
+            return NULL;
         }
+        Py_DECREF(item);
     }
 
     return out;
@@ -1507,6 +1529,8 @@ _elementtree_Element_remove_impl(ElementObject *self, PyObject *subelement)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=38fe6c07d6d87d1f input=d52fc28ededc0bd8]*/
 {
     Py_ssize_t i;
+    int rc;
+    PyObject *found;
 
     if (!self->extra) {
         /* element has no children, so raise exception */
@@ -1520,11 +1544,14 @@ _elementtree_Element_remove_impl(ElementObject *self, PyObject *subelement)
     for (i = 0; i < self->extra->length; i++) {
         if (self->extra->children[i] == subelement)
             break;
-        if (PyObject_RichCompareBool(self->extra->children[i], subelement, Py_EQ) == 1)
+        rc = PyObject_RichCompareBool(self->extra->children[i], subelement, Py_EQ);
+        if (rc > 0)
             break;
+        if (rc < 0)
+            return NULL;
     }
 
-    if (i == self->extra->length) {
+    if (i >= self->extra->length) {
         /* subelement is not in children, so raise exception */
         PyErr_SetString(
             PyExc_ValueError,
@@ -1533,13 +1560,13 @@ _elementtree_Element_remove_impl(ElementObject *self, PyObject *subelement)
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    Py_DECREF(self->extra->children[i]);
+    found = self->extra->children[i];
 
     self->extra->length--;
-
     for (; i < self->extra->length; i++)
         self->extra->children[i] = self->extra->children[i+1];
 
+    Py_DECREF(found);
     Py_RETURN_NONE;
 }
 
@@ -2033,6 +2060,7 @@ elementiter_next(ElementIterObject *it)
      */
     ElementObject *cur_parent;
     Py_ssize_t child_index;
+    int rc;
 
     while (1) {
         /* Handle the case reached in the beginning and end of iteration, where
@@ -2054,14 +2082,22 @@ elementiter_next(ElementIterObject *it)
                 }
 
                 it->root_done = 1;
-                if (it->sought_tag == Py_None ||
-                    PyObject_RichCompareBool(it->root_element->tag,
-                                             it->sought_tag, Py_EQ) == 1) {
+                rc = (it->sought_tag == Py_None);
+                if (!rc) {
+                    rc = PyObject_RichCompareBool(it->root_element->tag,
+                                                  it->sought_tag, Py_EQ);
+                    if (rc < 0)
+                        return NULL;
+                }
+                if (rc) {
                     if (it->gettext) {
                         PyObject *text = element_get_text(it->root_element);
                         if (!text)
                             return NULL;
-                        if (PyObject_IsTrue(text)) {
+                        rc = PyObject_IsTrue(text);
+                        if (rc < 0)
+                            return NULL;
+                        if (rc) {
                             Py_INCREF(text);
                             return text;
                         }
@@ -2093,18 +2129,26 @@ elementiter_next(ElementIterObject *it)
                 PyObject *text = element_get_text(child);
                 if (!text)
                     return NULL;
-                if (PyObject_IsTrue(text)) {
+                rc = PyObject_IsTrue(text);
+                if (rc < 0)
+                    return NULL;
+                if (rc) {
                     Py_INCREF(text);
                     return text;
                 }
-            } else if (it->sought_tag == Py_None ||
-                PyObject_RichCompareBool(child->tag,
-                                         it->sought_tag, Py_EQ) == 1) {
-                Py_INCREF(child);
-                return (PyObject *)child;
+            } else {
+                rc = (it->sought_tag == Py_None);
+                if (!rc) {
+                    rc = PyObject_RichCompareBool(child->tag,
+                                                  it->sought_tag, Py_EQ);
+                    if (rc < 0)
+                        return NULL;
+                }
+                if (rc) {
+                    Py_INCREF(child);
+                    return (PyObject *)child;
+                }
             }
-            else
-                continue;
         }
         else {
             PyObject *tail;
@@ -2124,9 +2168,14 @@ elementiter_next(ElementIterObject *it)
              * this is because itertext() is supposed to only return *inner*
              * text, not text following the element it began iteration with.
              */
-            if (it->parent_stack->parent && PyObject_IsTrue(tail)) {
-                Py_INCREF(tail);
-                return tail;
+            if (it->parent_stack->parent) {
+                rc = PyObject_IsTrue(tail);
+                if (rc < 0)
+                    return NULL;
+                if (rc) {
+                    Py_INCREF(tail);
+                    return tail;
+                }
             }
         }
     }
@@ -2184,20 +2233,21 @@ static PyObject *
 create_elementiter(ElementObject *self, PyObject *tag, int gettext)
 {
     ElementIterObject *it;
-    PyObject *star = NULL;
 
     it = PyObject_GC_New(ElementIterObject, &ElementIter_Type);
     if (!it)
         return NULL;
 
-    if (PyUnicode_Check(tag))
-        star = PyUnicode_FromString("*");
-    else if (PyBytes_Check(tag))
-        star = PyBytes_FromString("*");
-
-    if (star && PyObject_RichCompareBool(tag, star, Py_EQ) == 1)
-        tag = Py_None;
-    Py_XDECREF(star);
+    if (PyUnicode_Check(tag)) {
+        if (PyUnicode_READY(tag) < 0)
+            return NULL;
+        if (PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(tag) == 1 && PyUnicode_READ_CHAR(tag, 0) == '*')
+            tag = Py_None;
+    }
+    else if (PyBytes_Check(tag)) {
+        if (PyBytes_GET_SIZE(tag) == 1 && *PyBytes_AS_STRING(tag) == '*')
+            tag = Py_None;
+    }
 
     Py_INCREF(tag);
     it->sought_tag = tag;